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Viejo-Romero M, Whalley HC, Shen X, Stolicyn A, Smith DJ, Howard DM. An epidemiological study of season of birth, mental health, and neuroimaging in the UK Biobank. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300449. [PMID: 38776272 PMCID: PMC11111058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures during the perinatal period are known to have a long-term effect on adult physical and mental health. One such influential environmental exposure is the time of year of birth which affects the amount of daylight, nutrients, and viral load that an individual is exposed to within this key developmental period. Here, we investigate associations between season of birth (seasonality), four mental health traits (n = 137,588) and multi-modal neuroimaging measures (n = 33,212) within the UK Biobank. Summer births were associated with probable recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (β = 0.026, pcorr = 0.028) and greater mean cortical thickness in temporal and occipital lobes (β = 0.013 to 0.014, pcorr<0.05). Winter births were associated with greater white matter integrity globally, in the association fibers, thalamic radiations, and six individual tracts (β = -0.013 to -0.022, pcorr<0.05). Results of sensitivity analyses adjusting for birth weight were similar, with an additional association between winter birth and white matter microstructure in the forceps minor and between summer births, greater cingulate thickness and amygdala volume. Further analyses revealed associations between probable depressive phenotypes and a range of neuroimaging measures but a paucity of interactions with seasonality. Our results suggest that seasonality of birth may affect later-life brain structure and play a role in lifetime recurrent Major Depressive Disorder. Due to the small effect sizes observed, and the lack of associations with other mental health traits, further research is required to validate birth season effects in the context of different latitudes, and by co-examining genetic and epigenetic measures to reveal informative biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Viejo-Romero
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Aleks Stolicyn
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ma Y, Kochunov P, Kvarta MD, LeGates T, Adhikari BM, Chiappelli J, van der Vaart A, Goldwaser EL, Bruce H, Hatch KS, Gao S, Chen S, Summerfelt A, Nichols TE, Hong LE. Reciprocal relationships between stress and depressive symptoms: the essential role of the nucleus accumbens. Psychol Med 2024; 54:1045-1056. [PMID: 37750294 PMCID: PMC11078439 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress and depression have a reciprocal relationship, but the neural underpinnings of this reciprocity are unclear. We investigated neuroimaging phenotypes that facilitate the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 22 195 participants (52.0% females) from the population-based UK Biobank study completed two visits (initial visit: 2006-2010, age = 55.0 ± 7.5 [40-70] years; second visit: 2014-2019; age = 62.7 ± 7.5 [44-80] years). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between self-report stressful life events (SLEs) and depressive symptoms. Cross-sectional data were used to examine the overlap between neuroimaging correlates of SLEs and depressive symptoms on the second visit among 138 multimodal imaging phenotypes. RESULTS Longitudinal data were consistent with significant bidirectional causal relationship between SLEs and depressive symptoms. In cross-sectional analyses, SLEs were significantly associated with lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume and lower fractional anisotropy of the forceps major. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with extensive white matter hyperintensities, thinner cortex, lower subcortical volume, and white matter microstructural deficits, mainly in corticostriatal-limbic structures. Lower bilateral nucleus accumbal volume were the only imaging phenotypes with overlapping effects of depressive symptoms and SLEs (B = -0.032 to -0.023, p = 0.006-0.034). Depressive symptoms and SLEs significantly partially mediated the effects of each other on left and right nucleus accumbens volume (proportion of effects mediated = 12.7-14.3%, p < 0.001-p = 0.008). For the left nucleus accumbens, post-hoc seed-based analysis showed lower resting-state functional connectivity with the left orbitofrontal cortex (cluster size = 83 voxels, p = 5.4 × 10-5) in participants with high v. no SLEs. CONCLUSIONS The nucleus accumbens may play a key role in the reciprocity between stress and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark D. Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tara LeGates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim M. Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric L. Goldwaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn S. Hatch
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ann Summerfelt
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Department of Statistics, Big Data Science Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shiroshita A, Yamamoto N, Saka N, Shiba H, Toki S, Yamamoto M, Dohi E, Kataoka Y. Expanding the Scope: In-depth Review of Interaction in Regression Models. ANNALS OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 6:25-32. [PMID: 38606039 PMCID: PMC11006550 DOI: 10.37737/ace.24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shiroshita
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG)
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG)
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Natsumi Saka
- Scientific Research Works Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG)
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suwa Central Hospital
| | - Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Mari Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology,Chubu Rosai Hospital
| | - Eisuke Dohi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Min-Iren Asukai Hospital
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/Public Health
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4
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Avni C, Sinai D, Blasbalg U, Toren P. Discovering your presumed father is not your biological father: Psychiatric ramifications of independently uncovered non-paternity events resulting from direct-to-consumer DNA testing. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115142. [PMID: 36924584 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer DNA tests provide information on ancestry and family relations. Their increased use in recent years has led many to discover that their presumed father is not their biological father, a non-paternity event (NPE). We aimed to explore and quantify the psychiatric effects of discovering one's father's identity was misattributed. We distributed questionnaires in a private online community of individuals who learned they were NPEs. Questionnaires included clinical scales assessing depressive, anxiety, and panic symptomatology as well as background and personal details regarding participants' NPE discovery and demography. A total of 731 people participated. Results demonstrated increased levels of depression, anxiety, and panic symptoms relative to controls. Multiple factors influenced such effects, including demographics, background information, family members' reactions, and personal reactions. We identified a worsening relationship or attitude toward the mother as a risk factor for worse mental health. The ability to openly discuss the discovery and acceptance of it were identified as protective factors. This is the first paper to explore the psychiatric sequelae of discovering misattributed paternity in a large cohort. This unique psychosocial stressor is likely to become more common as direct-to-consumer DNA tests gain popularity, requiring the attention of mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Avni
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel.
| | - Dana Sinai
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel
| | - Uri Blasbalg
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel
| | - Paz Toren
- Clalit Health Services Community Division, Ramat-Chen Brull Mental Health Center, 9 Hatzvi St., Tel-Aviv District 6719709, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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5
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Iob E, Ajnakina O, Steptoe A. The interactive association of adverse childhood experiences and polygenic susceptibility with depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation in older adults: a prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1426-1436. [PMID: 37010219 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and genetic liability are important risk factors for depression and inflammation. However, little is known about the gene-environment (G × E) mechanisms underlying their aetiology. For the first time, we tested the independent and interactive associations of ACEs and polygenic scores of major depressive disorder (MDD-PGS) and C-reactive protein (CRP-PGS) with longitudinal trajectories of depression and chronic inflammation in older adults. METHODS Data were drawn from the English longitudinal study of ageing (N~3400). Retrospective information on ACEs was collected in wave3 (2006/07). We calculated a cumulative risk score of ACEs and also assessed distinct dimensions separately. Depressive symptoms were ascertained on eight occasions, from wave1 (2002/03) to wave8 (2016/17). CRP was measured in wave2 (2004/05), wave4 (2008/09), and wave6 (2012/13). The associations of the risk factors with group-based depressive-symptom trajectories and repeated exposure to high CRP (i.e. ⩾3 mg/L) were tested using multinomial and ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS All types of ACEs were independently associated with high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.30-1.60) and inflammation (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.09). The risk of high depressive-symptom trajectories (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.28-1.70) and inflammation (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04) was also higher for participants with higher MDD-PGS. G×E analyses revealed that the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms were larger among participants with higher MDD-PGS (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). ACEs were also more strongly related to inflammation in participants with higher CRP-PGS (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSIONS ACEs and polygenic susceptibility were independently and interactively associated with elevated depressive symptoms and chronic inflammation, highlighting the clinical importance of assessing both ACEs and genetic risk factors to design more targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iob
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Healthcare, University College London, London, UK
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Baldwin JR, Sallis HM, Schoeler T, Taylor MJ, Kwong ASF, Tielbeek JJ, Barkhuizen W, Warrier V, Howe LD, Danese A, McCrory E, Rijsdijk F, Larsson H, Lundström S, Karlsson R, Lichtenstein P, Munafò M, Pingault JB. A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:269-290. [PMID: 36482079 PMCID: PMC7614239 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene-environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associations between ACEs and mental health. Regarding gene-environment correlations, children with higher polygenic scores for mental health problems had a small increase in odds of ACEs. Regarding genetic confounding, elevated risk of mental health problems in children exposed to ACEs was at least partially due to pre-existing genetic risk. However, some ACEs (such as childhood maltreatment and parental mental illness) remained associated with mental health problems independent of genetic confounding. These findings suggest that interventions addressing heritable psychiatric vulnerabilities in children exposed to ACEs may help reduce their risk of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R Baldwin
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Hannah M Sallis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jorim J Tielbeek
- CNCR, Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wikus Barkhuizen
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eamon McCrory
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Anton de Kom University, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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7
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Wright AW, Wang D, Grotevant HD. Profiles of Adoptee Adjustment in Young Adulthood. ADOPTION QUARTERLY 2023; 26:251-280. [PMID: 37720359 PMCID: PMC10503943 DOI: 10.1080/10926755.2022.2156011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The developmental stage of young adulthood, the period from one's late twenties through thirties, has grown in attention and research focus among general populations. However, little is known about the adjustment of adopted individuals during this phase. The present study sought to expand our understanding of the various patterns of adoptee adjustment in young adulthood. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles across eight domains of functioning spanning physical and mental health to relationships, achievement, and engagement. Three profiles were identified, demonstrating varying levels of adult functioning. Adoption related and non-adoption related variables were explored using a series of multinomial logistic regressions to determine which factors differentiated between profiles. It appears that, although some adoption related variables remain significant in young adulthood, non-adoption related variables are more strongly linked to adoptee adjustment at this developmental stage. Implications and future directions for clinical care and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna W. Wright
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
| | - Harold D. Grotevant
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst
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Pingault J, Allegrini AG, Odigie T, Frach L, Baldwin JR, Rijsdijk F, Dudbridge F. Research Review: How to interpret associations between polygenic scores, environmental risks, and phenotypes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:1125-1139. [PMID: 35347715 PMCID: PMC9790749 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic influences are ubiquitous as virtually all phenotypes and most exposures typically classified as environmental have been found to be heritable. A polygenic score summarises the associations between millions of genetic variants and an outcome in a single value for each individual. Ever lowering costs have enabled the genotyping of many samples relevant to child psychology and psychiatry research, including cohort studies, leading to the proliferation of polygenic score studies. It is tempting to assume that associations detected between polygenic scores and phenotypes in those studies only reflect genetic effects. However, such associations can reflect many pathways (e.g. via environmental mediation) and biases. METHODS Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the many reasons why associations between polygenic scores, environmental exposures, and phenotypes exist. We include formal representations of common analyses in polygenic score studies using structural equation modelling. We derive biases, provide illustrative empirical examples and, when possible, mention steps that can be taken to alleviate those biases. RESULTS Structural equation models and derivations show the many complexities arising from jointly modelling polygenic scores with environmental exposures and phenotypes. Counter-intuitive examples include that: (a) associations between polygenic scores and phenotypes may exist even in the absence of direct genetic effects; (b) associations between child polygenic scores and environmental exposures can exist in the absence of evocative/active gene-environment correlations; and (c) adjusting an exposure-outcome association for a polygenic score can increase rather than decrease bias. CONCLUSIONS Strikingly, using polygenic scores may, in some cases, lead to more bias than not using them. Appropriately conducting and interpreting polygenic score studies thus requires researchers in child psychology and psychiatry and beyond to be versed in both epidemiological and genetic methods or build on interdisciplinary collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesDepartment of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrea G. Allegrini
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesDepartment of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tracy Odigie
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesDepartment of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leonard Frach
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesDepartment of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jessie R. Baldwin
- Division of Psychology and Language SciencesDepartment of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Frühling Rijsdijk
- Faculty of Social SciencesAnton de Kom University of SurinameParamariboSuriname
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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9
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Lin BD, Pries LK, Sarac HS, van Os J, Rutten BPF, Luykx J, Guloksuz S. Nongenetic Factors Associated With Psychotic Experiences Among UK Biobank Participants: Exposome-Wide Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:857-868. [PMID: 35857297 PMCID: PMC9301596 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although hypothesis-driven research has identified several factors associated with psychosis, this one-exposure-to-one-outcome approach fails to embrace the multiplicity of exposures. Systematic approaches, similar to agnostic genome-wide analyses, are needed to identify genuine signals. Objective To systematically investigate nongenetic correlates of psychotic experiences through data-driven agnostic analyses and genetically informed approaches to evaluate associations. Design, Setting, Participants This cohort study analyzed data from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey from January 1 to June 1, 2021. An exposome-wide association study was performed in 2 equal-sized split discovery and replication data sets. Variables associated with psychotic experiences in the exposome-wide analysis were tested in a multivariable model. For the variables associated with psychotic experiences in the final multivariable model, the single-nucleotide variant-based heritability and genetic overlap with psychotic experiences using linkage disequilibrium score regression were estimated, and mendelian randomization (MR) approaches were applied to test potential causality. The significant associations observed in 1-sample MR analyses were further tested in multiple sensitivity tests, including collider-correction MR, 2-sample MR, and multivariable MR analyses. Exposures After quality control based on a priori criteria, 247 environmental, lifestyle, behavioral, and economic variables. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychotic experiences. Results The study included 155 247 participants (87 896 [57%] female; mean [SD] age, 55.94 [7.74] years). In the discovery data set, 162 variables (66%) were associated with psychotic experiences. Of these, 148 (91%) were replicated. The multivariable analysis identified 36 variables that were associated with psychotic experiences. Of these, 28 had significant genetic overlap with psychotic experiences. One-sample MR analyses revealed forward associations with 3 variables and reverse associations with 3. Forward associations with ever having experienced sexual assault and pleiotropy of risk-taking behavior and reverse associations without pleiotropy of experiencing a physically violent crime as well as cannabis use and the reverse association with pleiotropy of worrying too long after embarrassment were confirmed in sensitivity tests. Thus, associations with psychotic experiences were found with both well-studied and unexplored multiple correlated variables. For several variables, the direction of the association was reversed in the final multivariable and MR analyses. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study underscore the need for systematic approaches and triangulation of evidence to build a knowledge base from ever-growing observational data to guide population-level prevention strategies for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Brainclinics foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Bioinformatics Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lotta-Katrin Pries
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Halil Suat Sarac
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Brainclinics foundation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Woolway GE, Smart SE, Lynham AJ, Lloyd JL, Owen MJ, Jones IR, Walters JTR, Legge SE. Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk and Experiences of Childhood Adversity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:967-980. [PMID: 35674151 PMCID: PMC9434424 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia has been robustly associated with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Childhood adversity is one of the most widely replicated environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, but it is unclear if schizophrenia genetic risk alleles contribute to this association. STUDY DESIGN In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the evidence for gene-environment correlation (genes influence likelihood of environmental exposure) between schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) and reported childhood adversity. We also assessed the evidence for a gene-environment interaction (genes influence sensitivity to environmental exposure) in relation to the outcome of schizophrenia and/or psychosis. This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020182812). Following PRISMA guidelines, a search for relevant literature was conducted using Cochrane, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until February 2022. All studies that examined the association between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity were included. STUDY RESULTS Seventeen of 650 identified studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed against the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality. The meta-analysis found evidence for gene-environment correlation between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity (r = .02; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.03; P = .001), but the effect was small and therefore likely to explain only a small proportion of the association between childhood adversity and psychosis. The 4 studies that investigated a gene-environment interaction between schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversity in increasing risk of psychosis reported inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a gene-environment correlation could explain a small proportion of the relationship between reported childhood adversity and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Woolway
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie E Smart
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy J Lynham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer L Lloyd
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian R Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Tian T, Zhang G, Wang J, Liu D, Wan C, Fang J, Wu D, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Li J, Zhu W. Contribution of brain network connectivity in predicting effects of polygenic risk and childhood trauma on state-trait anxiety. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:119-127. [PMID: 35724493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is usually attributed to adverse environmental factors, but it is known as a polygenic inheritance disease. Gene-environment interactions on the occurrence and severity of anxiety are still unclear. The role of brain network connectivity in the gene-environment effects on anxiety has not been explored and may be key to understanding neuropathogenesis and guiding treatment. METHODS This study recruited 177 young adults from the community that completed functional magnetic resonance imaging, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), state-trait anxiety scores, and whole exome sequencing. We calculated polygenic risk score (PRS) for anxiety and the sum score of CTQ, which are genetic and environmental factors that may affect anxiety, respectively. Abnormal brain network connectivity determined by the gene-environment effects and its associations with anxiety scores were then explored. RESULTS Except for the main effect of PRS or CTQ on intra-network connectivity, significant interactions were found in intra-network connectivity of visual network, default mode network, self-reference network, and sensorimotor network. Moreover, altered network connectivity was related to anxious tendency. In particular, the effect of CTQ on trait anxiety was mediated by the disrupted sensorimotor network, accompanied by a significant direct effect. However, the PRS influence on anxiety was mainly mediated through sensorimotor network paths, which exceeded the direct influence and was moderated by childhood trauma levels. CONCLUSIONS These network-specific functional changes related to individual gene-environment risks advance our understanding of psychiatric pathogenesis of anxiety and provide new insights for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changhua Wan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Di Wu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongquan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Association of comprehensive mental health with incident cardiovascular disease: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:388-395. [PMID: 34752807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is limited regarding the impact of comprehensive mental health on the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of mental health status with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the UK Biobank. METHODS This prospective study included 339,616 participants aged 40 to 69 years who were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and were followed up to 2020, without CVD at baseline. A mental health score was created using information about depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness, and neuroticism. Cardiovascular disease events ascertained through hospital inpatient. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across mental health score. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.3 years (3.7 million person-years), we documented 22,688 CVD cases including 18,460 CHD cases and 5,070 stroke cases (some individuals were diagnosed as having both CHD and stroke). A statistically significantly increased risk of incident CVD was observed for the four mental factors individually, with adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 1.03 to 1.44. The composite score of such four mental factors was also positively associated with CVD risk in a dose-response manner, with the highest scores associated with a 1.56-fold (95% confidence interval 1.47 to 1.65), 1.61-fold (1.51 to 1.72), and 1.44-fold (1.25 to 1.67) higher CVD, CHD, and stroke risk, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, poor mental health status was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Our results highlight the importance to jointly investigate the mental health factors in relation to the risk of CVD.
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Schizophrenia polygenic risk is associated with child mental health problems through early childhood adversity: evidence for a gene-environment correlation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:529-539. [PMID: 33635441 PMCID: PMC8940779 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that schizophrenia polygenic risk predicts a multitude of mental health problems in the general population. Yet it is unclear by which mechanisms these associations arise. Here, we explored a possible gene-environment correlation in the association of schizophrenia polygenic risk with mental health problems via childhood adversity. This study was embedded in the population-based Generation R Study, including N = 1901 participants with genotyping for schizophrenia polygenic risk, maternal reporting of childhood adversity, and Child Behaviour Checklist measurement of mental health problems. Independent replication was attempted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 3641). Associations were analysed with Poisson regression and statistical mediation analysis. Higher burden of schizophrenia polygenic risk was associated with greater exposure to childhood adversity (P-value threshold < 0.5: Generation R Study, OR = 1.08, 95%CI 1.02-1.15, P = 0.01; ALSPAC, OR = 1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.03, P < 0.01). Childhood adversities partly explained the relationship of schizophrenia polygenic risk with emotional, attention, and thought problems (proportion explained, range 5-23%). Direct effects of schizophrenia polygenic risk and adversity on mental health outcomes were also observed. In summary, genetic liability to schizophrenia increased the risk for mental health problems in the general paediatric population through childhood adversity. Although this finding could result from a mediated causal relationship between genotype and mental health, we argue that these observations most likely reflect a gene-environment correlation, i.e. adversities are a marker for the genetic risk that parents transmit to children. These and similar recent findings raise important conceptual questions about preventative interventions aimed at reducing childhood adversities.
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Draper A, Marcellino E, Ogbonnaya C. Fast Feet Forward: Early intervention protocol using bilateral movements to reduce stress and increase positive cognitions in adopted children with complex trauma presentation. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Draper
- Tavistock and Portman NHS Trust London UK
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Hjern A, Palacios J, Vinnerljung B, Manhica H, Lindblad F. Increased risk of suicidal behaviour in non-European international adoptees decreases with age - A Swedish national cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 29-30:100643. [PMID: 33305197 PMCID: PMC7710634 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-European international adoptees in Sweden were shown to have a three-to fourfold higher risk of suicidal behaviour in youth during 1986-1995 compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this high risk persists beyond youth and in later cohorts. METHODS A register study of Swedish national cohorts born 1972-86 including 20 625 non-European international adoptees, and comparison populations of 10 915 non-European immigrants and 1 435 167 Swedish born was performed. The study population was followed from age 18 between 1991 and 2016, with suicide and hospital admissions due to suicide attempt as outcomes. Poisson regression models of person time in the study, adjusted for gender and household income at age 17, were fitted to calculate relative risks (RR). FINDINGS Adjusted RR for suicide in non-European international adoptees was high at age 18-22, 2·74 (95% C.I. 1·95-3·86), but decreased gradually to age 33-43 when the risk was similar to Swedish-born. Adjusted RR for suicide attempts in international adoptees was 2·33 (2·15-2·52) at age 18-22, decreased slightly with older age, but remained higher than Swedish born in all age-classes. Risks for both outcomes were greatest, around three times higher compared with the Swedish-born in the oldest birth cohorts of non-European international adoptees, born 1972-76. Risks for both suicidal outcomes increased with higher age at adoption. INTERPRETATION The risk of suicidal behaviour in non-European international adoptees in Sweden decreases with age and is lower in later birth cohorts and in infant adoptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hjern
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, and Clinical Epidemiology/Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jesús Palacios
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Bo Vinnerljung
- Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, S 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helio Manhica
- Department of Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, S 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Lindblad
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Waszczuk MA, Docherty AR, Shabalin AA, Miao J, Yang X, Kuan PF, Bromet E, Kotov R, Luft BJ. Polygenic prediction of PTSD trajectories in 9/11 responders. Psychol Med 2020; 52:1-9. [PMID: 33092657 PMCID: PMC8186149 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics hold promise of predicting long-term post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes following trauma. The aim of the current study was to test whether six hypothesized polygenic risk scores (PRSs) developed to capture genetic vulnerability to psychiatric conditions prospectively predict PTSD onset, severity, and 18-year course after trauma exposure. METHODS Participants were 1490 responders to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster (mean age at 9/11 = 38.81 years, s.d. = 8.20; 93.5% male; 23.8% lifetime WTC-related PTSD diagnosis). Prospective longitudinal data on WTC-related PTSD symptoms were obtained from electronic medical records and modelled as PTSD trajectories using growth mixture model analysis. Independent regression models tested whether six hypothesized psychiatric PRSs (PTSD-PRS, Re-experiencing-PRS, Generalized Anxiety-PRS, Schizophrenia-PRS, Depression-PRS, and Neuroticism-PRS) are predictive of WTC-PTSD outcomes: lifetime diagnoses, average symptom severity, and 18-year symptom trajectory. All analyses were adjusted for population stratification, 9/11 exposure severity, and multiple testing. RESULTS Depression-PRS predicted PTSD diagnostic status (OR 1.37, CI 1.17-1.61, adjusted p = 0.001). All PRSs, except PTSD-PRS, significantly predicted average PTSD symptoms (β = 0.06-0.10, adjusted p < 0.05). Re-experiencing-PRS, Generalized Anxiety-PRS and Schizophrenia-PRS predicted the high severity PTSD trajectory class (ORs 1.21-1.28, adjusted p < 0.05). Finally, PRSs prediction was independent of 9/11 exposure severity and jointly accounted for 3.7 times more variance in PTSD symptoms than the exposure severity. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric PRSs prospectively predicted WTC-related PTSD lifetime diagnosis, average symptom severity, and 18-year trajectory in responders to 9/11 disaster. Jointly, PRSs were more predictive of subsequent PTSD than the exposure severity. In the future, PRSs may help identify at-risk responders who might benefit from targeted prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jiaju Miao
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- World Trade Center Health and Wellness Program, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- World Trade Center Health and Wellness Program, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Knowles EEM. Strengths and Limitations of Harnessing Big Data to Understand the Genetics of Adoption and Mental Health. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:e21-e22. [PMID: 32216903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E M Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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