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Kropotov JD, Ponomarev VA, Pronina MV. The P300 wave is decomposed into components reflecting response selection and automatic reactivation of stimulus-response links. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14578. [PMID: 38556644 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The parietal P300 wave of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been associated with various psychological operations in numerous laboratory tasks. This study aims to decompose the P3 wave of ERPs into subcomponents and link them with behavioral parameters, such as the strength of stimulus-response (S-R) links and GO/NOGO responses. EEGs (31 channels), referenced to linked ears, were recorded from 172 healthy adults (107 women) who participated in two cued GO/NOGO tasks, where the strength of S-R links was manipulated through instructions. P300 waves were observed in active conditions in response to cues, GO/NOGO stimuli, and in passive conditions when no manual response was required. Utilizing a combination of current source density transformation and blind source separation methods, we decomposed the P300 wave into two distinct components, purportedly originating from different parts of the parietal lobules. The amplitude of the parietal midline component (with current sources around Pz) closely mirrored the strength of the S-R link across proactive, reactive, and passive conditions. The amplitude of the lateral parietal component (with current sources around P3 and P4) resembled the push-pull activity of the output nuclei of the basal ganglia in action selection-inhibition operations. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying action selection processes and the reactivation of S-R links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri D Kropotov
- Laboratory of neurobiology of action programming, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery A Ponomarev
- Laboratory of neurobiology of action programming, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina V Pronina
- Laboratory of neurobiology of action programming, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Aydin M, Lucia S, Casella A, Di Bello B, Di Russo F. Bayesian interpretation of the prefrontal P2 ERP component based on stimulus/response mapping uncertainty. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 199:112337. [PMID: 38537889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The brain can be seen as a predictive system continuously computing prior information to guess posterior probabilities minimizing sources of uncertainty. To test this Bayesian view of the brain, event-related potentials (ERP) methods have been used focusing on the well-known P3 component, traditionally associated with decision-making processes and sources of uncertainty regarding target probability. Another ERP component linked with decision-making is the prefrontal P2 (pP2) component, which has never been considered within the Bayesian framework. To test which source of uncertainty could be associated with the pP2, uncertainty induced by target probability and stimulus-response (S/R) mapping were modulated in three visuomotor tasks. Results showed that the pP2 had the largest amplitude in the task with the largest uncertainty regarding the S/R mapping and degraded as the S/R mapping became more predictable. The P3 was maximal in the tasks with larger uncertainty regarding the target probability. While we confirmed the P3 association with target probability, we extended our knowledge on the pP2 associating it with S/R mapping uncertainty. This component, which has been previously localized within the anterior insular cortex, may minimize S/R mapping uncertainty allowing response-related evidence accumulation and comparing current events with internal representations to extract action-related probabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aydin
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Lucia
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Casella
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - BiancaMaria Di Bello
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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3
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Syrov N, Yakovlev L, Kaplan A, Lebedev M. Motor cortex activation during visuomotor transformations: evoked potentials during overt and imagined movements. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad440. [PMID: 37991276 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of visuomotor transformations in our motor skills, their mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially when imagery actions are considered such as mentally picking up a cup or pressing a button. Here, we used a stimulus-response task to directly compare the visuomotor transformation underlying overt and imagined button presses. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants responded to highlights of the target button while ignoring the second, non-target button. Movement-related potentials (MRPs) and event-related desynchronization occurred for both overt movements and motor imagery (MI), with responses present even for non-target stimuli. Consistent with the activity accumulation model where visual stimuli are evaluated and transformed into the eventual motor response, the timing of MRPs matched the response time on individual trials. Activity-accumulation patterns were observed for MI, as well. Yet, unlike overt movements, MI-related MRPs were not lateralized, which appears to be a neural marker for the distinction between generating a mental image and transforming it into an overt action. Top-down response strategies governing this hemispheric specificity should be accounted for in future research on MI, including basic studies and medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Syrov
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Lev Yakovlev
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Vladimir Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Rehabilitation, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1. Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lebedev
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, McFerren AL, Freedman EG. Maintaining Task Performance Levels Under Cognitive Load While Walking Requires Widespread Reallocation of Neural Resources. Neuroscience 2023; 532:113-132. [PMID: 37774910 PMCID: PMC10842245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the neural mechanisms underlying increasing cognitive load while walking by employing 2 versions of a response inhibition task, the '1-back' version and the more cognitively demanding '2-back' version. By using the Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) modality, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and task-related behavioral responses were collected while young adults (n = 61) performed either the 1-back or 2-back response inhibition task. Interestingly, increasing inhibitory difficulty from 1-back to 2-back during walking was not associated with any detectable costs in response accuracy, response speed, or gait consistency. However, the more difficult cognitive task was associated with distinct EEG component changes during both successful inhibitions (correct rejections) and successful executions (hits) of the motor response. During correct rejections, ERP changes were found over frontal regions, during latencies related to sensory gain control, conflict monitoring and working memory storage and processing. During hits, ERP changes were found over left-parietal regions during latencies related to orienting attention and subsequent selection and execution of the motor plan. The pattern of attenuation in walking-related EEG amplitude changes, during 2-back task performance, is thought to reflect more effortful recalibration of neural processes, a mechanism which might be a key driver of performance maintenance in the face of increased cognitive demands while walking. Overall, the present findings shed light on the extent of the neurocognitive capacity of young adults and may lead to a better understanding of how factors such as aging or neurological disorders could impinge on this capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Amber L McFerren
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edward G Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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5
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Johari K, Berger JI. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation over right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex differentially modulates inhibitory mechanisms for speech vs. limb movement. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14289. [PMID: 36883294 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that planning and execution of speech and limb movement are subserved by common neural substrates. However, less is known about whether they are supported by a common inhibitory mechanism. P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) is a neural signature of motor inhibition, which are found to be generated by several brain regions including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC). However, the relative contribution of rDLPFC to the P3 response associated with speech versus limb inhibition remains elusive. We investigated the contribution of rDLPFC to the P3 underlying speech versus limb movement inhibition. Twenty-one neurotypical adults received both cathodal and sham high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over rDLPFC. ERPs were subsequently recorded while subjects were performing speech and limb Go/No-Go tasks. Cathodal HD-tDCS decreased accuracy for speech versus limb No-Go. Both speech and limb No-Go elicited a similar topographical distribution of P3, with significantly larger amplitudes for speech versus limb at a frontocentral location following cathodal HD-tDCS. Moreover, results showed stronger activation in cingulate cortex and rDLPFC for speech versus limb No-Go following cathodal HD-tDCS. These results indicate (1) P3 is an ERP marker of amodal inhibitory mechanisms that support both speech and limb inhibition, (2) larger P3 for speech versus limb No-Go following cathodal HD-tDCS may reflect the recruitment of additional neural resources-particularly within rDLPFC and cingulate cortex-as compensatory mechanisms to counteract the temporary stimulation-induced decline in speech inhibitory process. These findings have translational implications for neurological conditions that concurrently affect speech and limb movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Johari
- Human Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joel I Berger
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Patelaki E, Foxe JJ, Mantel EP, Kassis G, Freedman EG. Paradoxical improvement of cognitive control in older adults under dual-task walking conditions is associated with more flexible reallocation of neural resources: A Mobile Brain-Body Imaging (MoBI) study. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120098. [PMID: 37037381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining walking with a demanding cognitive task is traditionally expected to elicit decrements in gait and/or cognitive task performance. However, it was recently shown that, in a cohort of young adults, most participants improved performance when walking was added to performance of a Go/NoGo response inhibition task. The present study aims to extend these previous findings to an older adult cohort, to investigate whether this improvement when dual-tasking is observed in healthy older adults. Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) was used to record electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, three-dimensional (3D) gait kinematics and behavioral responses in the Go/NoGo task, during sitting or walking on a treadmill, in 34 young adults and 37 older adults. Increased response accuracy during walking, independent of age, was found to correlate with slower responses to stimuli (r = 0.44) and with walking-related EEG amplitude modulations over frontocentral regions (r = 0.47) during the sensory gating (N1) and conflict monitoring (N2) stages of inhibition, and over left-lateralized prefrontal regions (r = 0.47) during the stage of inhibitory control implementation. These neural activity changes are related to the cognitive component of inhibition, and they were interpreted as signatures of behavioral improvement during walking. On the other hand, aging, independent of response accuracy during walking, was found to correlate with slower treadmill walking speeds (r = -0.68) and attenuation in walking-related EEG amplitude modulations over left-dominant frontal (r = -0.44) and parietooccipital regions (r = 0.48) during the N2 stage, and over centroparietal regions (r = 0.48) during the P3 stage. These neural activity changes are related to the motor component of inhibition, and they were interpreted as signatures of aging. Older adults whose response accuracy 'paradoxically' improved during walking manifested neural signatures of both behavioral improvement and aging, suggesting that their flexibility in reallocating neural resources while walking might be maintained for the cognitive but not for the motor inhibitory component. These distinct neural signatures of aging and behavior can potentially be used to identify 'super-agers', or individuals at risk for cognitive decline due to aging or neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Patelaki
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall Rochester, New York, 14627, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
| | - Emma P Mantel
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - George Kassis
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Edward G Freedman
- The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA.
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7
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Miraglia F, Pappalettera C, Di Ienno S, Nucci L, Cacciotti A, Manenti R, Judica E, Rossini PM, Vecchio F. The Effects of Directional and Non-Directional Stimuli during a Visuomotor Task and Their Correlation with Reaction Time: An ERP Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3143. [PMID: 36991853 PMCID: PMC10058543 DOI: 10.3390/s23063143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Different visual stimuli can capture and shift attention into different directions. Few studies have explored differences in brain response due to directional (DS) and non-directional visual stimuli (nDS). To explore the latter, event-related potentials (ERP) and contingent negative variation (CNV) during a visuomotor task were evaluated in 19 adults. To examine the relation between task performance and ERPs, the participants were divided into faster (F) and slower (S) groups based on their reaction times (RTs). Moreover, to reveal ERP modulation within the same subject, each recording from the single participants was subdivided into F and S trials based on the specific RT. ERP latencies were analysed between conditions ((DS, nDS); (F, S subjects); (F, S trials)). Correlation was analysed between CNV and RTs. Our results reveal that the ERPs' late components are modulated differently by DS and nDS conditions in terms of amplitude and location. Differences in ERP amplitude, location and latency, were also found according to subjects' performance, i.e., between F and S subjects and trials. In addition, results show that the CNV slope is modulated by the directionality of the stimulus and contributes to motor performance. A better understanding of brain dynamics through ERPs could be useful to explain brain states in healthy subjects and to support diagnoses and personalized rehabilitation in patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Miraglia
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Chiara Pappalettera
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Sara Di Ienno
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nucci
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cacciotti
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elda Judica
- Casa di Cura IGEA, Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, 20144 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Rossini
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
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Syrov N, Yakovlev L, Nikolaeva V, Kaplan A, Lebedev M. Mental Strategies in a P300-BCI: Visuomotor Transformation Is an Option. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2607. [PMID: 36359454 PMCID: PMC9689852 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, P300-BCIs are mostly used for spelling tasks, where the number of commands is equal to the number of stimuli that evoke event-related potentials (ERPs). Increasing this number slows down the BCI operation because each stimulus has to be presented several times for better classification. Furthermore, P300 spellers typically do not utilize potentially useful imagery-based approaches, such as the motor imagery successfully practiced in motor rehabilitation. Here, we tested a P300-BCI with a motor-imagery component. In this BCI, the number of commands was increased by adding mental strategies instead of increasing the number of targets. Our BCI had only two stimuli and four commands. The subjects either counted target appearances mentally or imagined hand movements toward the targets. In this design, the motor-imagery paradigm enacted a visuomotor transformation known to engage cortical and subcortical networks participating in motor control. The operation of these networks suffers in neurological conditions such as stroke, so we view this BCI as a potential tool for the rehabilitation of patients. As an initial step toward the development of this clinical method, sixteen healthy participants were tested. Consistent with our expectation that mental strategies would result in distinct EEG activities, ERPs were different depending on whether subjects counted stimuli or imagined movements. These differences were especially clear in the late ERP components localized in the frontal and centro-parietal regions. We conclude that (1) the P300 paradigm is suitable for enacting visuomotor transformations and (2) P300-based BCIs with multiple mental strategies could be used in applications where the number of possible outputs needs to be increased while keeping the number of targets constant. As such, our approach adds to both the development of versatile BCIs and clinical approaches to rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Syrov
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev Yakovlev
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Varvara Nikolaeva
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Baltic Center for Neurotechnology and Artificial Intellect, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology and Neuro-Computer Interfaces, Human and Animal Physiology Department, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Lebedev
- V. Zelman Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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Susana CF, Mónica L, Fernando D. Event-related brain potential indexes provide evidence for some decline in healthy people with subjective memory complaints during target evaluation and response inhibition processing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 182:107450. [PMID: 33933631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the preclinical stage of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, subjects report subjective memory complaints (SMCs), although with the absence of any objective decline, and have a higher risk of progressing to dementia than the general population. Early identification of this stage therefore constitutes a major focus of current AD research, to enable early intervention. In this study, healthy adult participants with high and low SMCs (HSMCs and LSMCs) performed a Go/NoGo task during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Relative to LSMC participants, HSMC participants performed the task slower (longer reaction times) and showed changes in the event-related potential (ERP) components associated with response preparation (lower readiness potential -RP- amplitude in the Go condition), and also related to response inhibition processes (lower N2-P3 amplitude in the NoGo condition). In addition, HSMC participants showed lower Go-N2 and NoGo-N2 peak-to-baseline amplitudes, however these results seem to be influenced by a negative tendency overlapping stimulus-related waveforms. The declines observed in this study are mostly consistent with those observed in aMCI participants, supporting the notion of the AD continuum regarding SMC state.
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10
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Kóbor A, Kardos Z, Horváth K, Janacsek K, Takács Á, Csépe V, Nemeth D. Implicit anticipation of probabilistic regularities: Larger CNV emerges for unpredictable events. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107826. [PMID: 33716039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anticipation of upcoming events plays a crucial role in automatic behaviors. It is, however, still unclear whether the event-related brain potential (ERP) markers of anticipation could track the implicit acquisition of probabilistic regularities that can be considered as building blocks of automatic behaviors. Therefore, in a four-choice reaction time (RT) task performed by young adults (N = 36), the contingent negative variation (CNV) as an ERP marker of anticipation was measured from the onset of a cue stimulus until the presentation of a target stimulus. Due to the probability structure of the task, target stimuli were either predictable or unpredictable, but this was unknown to participants. The cue did not contain predictive information on the upcoming target. Results showed that the CNV amplitude during response preparation was larger before the unpredictable than before the predictable target stimuli. In addition, although RTs increased, the P3 amplitude decreased for the unpredictable as compared with the predictable target stimuli, possibly due to the stronger response preparation that preceded stimulus presentation. These results suggest that enhanced attentional resources are allocated to the implicit anticipation and processing of unpredictable events. This might originate from the formation of internal models on the probabilistic regularities of the stimulus stream, which primarily facilitates the processing of predictable events. Overall, we provide ERP evidence that supports the role of implicit anticipation and predictive processes in the acquisition of probabilistic regularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kóbor
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Kardos
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry József utca 1, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Horváth
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary; Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karolina Janacsek
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary; Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Thinking and Learning, Institute for Lifecourse Development, School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, 150 Dreadnought, SE10 9LS, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ádám Takács
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Valéria Csépe
- Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Modern Philology and Social Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Dezso Nemeth
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella utca 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary; Brain, Memory and Language Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bâtiment 462, Neurocampus 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron, Lyon, France.
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11
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Smith JL, Carbine KA, Larson MJ, Tucker LA, Christensen WF, LeCheminant JD, Bailey BW. To play or not to play? The relationship between active video game play and electrophysiological indices of food‐related inhibitory control in adolescents. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:876-894. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Smith
- Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | | | - Michael J. Larson
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
- Neuroscience CenterBrigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | - Larry A. Tucker
- Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
| | | | | | - Bruce W. Bailey
- Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
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12
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Luo C, Ding N. Visual target detection in a distracting background relies on neural encoding of both visual targets and background. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116870. [PMID: 32339773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect visual targets in complex background varies across individuals and are affected by factors such as stimulus saliency and top-down attention. Here, we investigated how the saliency of visual background (naturalistic cartoon video vs. blank screen) and top-down attention (single vs. dual tasks) separately affect individual ability to detect visual targets. Behaviorally, we found that target detection accuracy decreased and reaction time elongated when the background was salient or during dual tasking. The EEG response to visual background was recorded using a novel stimulus tagging technique. This response was strongest in occipital electrodes and was sensitive to background saliency but not dual tasking. In contrast, the event-related potential (ERP) evoked by the visual target was strongest in central electrodes, and was affected by both background saliency and dual tasking. With a cartoon background, the EEG responses to visual targets, presented in the central visual field, and the EEG responses to peripheral visual background could both predict individual target detection performance. When these two responses were combined, better prediction was achieved. These results suggest that neural processing of visual targets and background jointly contribute to individual visual target detection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Nai Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Research Center for Advanced Artificial Intelligence Theory, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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13
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Lievaart M, van der Veen FM, Huijding J, Hovens JE, Franken IHA. The Relation Between Trait Anger and Impulse Control in Forensic Psychiatric Patients: An EEG Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2019; 43:131-142. [PMID: 29797156 PMCID: PMC6010500 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-018-9393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control is considered to be one of the key factors in explaining individual differences in trait anger and reactive aggression. Yet, only a few studies have assessed electroencephalographic (EEG) activity with respect to response inhibition in high trait anger individuals. The main goal of this study was therefore to investigate whether individual differences in trait anger in forensic psychiatric patients are associated with individual differences in anger-primed inhibitory control using behavioral and electrophysiological measures of response inhibition. Thirty-eight forensic psychiatric patients who had a medium to high risk of recidivism of violent and/or non-violent behaviors performed an affective Go/NoGo task while EEG was recorded. On the behavioral level, we found higher scores on trait anger to be accompanied by lower accuracy on NoGo trials, especially when anger was primed. With respect to the physiological data we found, as expected, a significant inverse relation between trait anger and the error related negativity amplitudes. Contrary to expectation, trait anger was not related to the stimulus-locked event related potentials (i.e., N2/P3). The results of this study support the notion that in a forensic population trait anger is inversely related to impulse control, particularly in hostile contexts. Moreover, our data suggest that higher scores on trait anger are associated with deficits in automatic error-processing which may contribute the continuation of impulsive angry behaviors despite their negative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marien Lievaart
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frederik M van der Veen
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg Huijding
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes E Hovens
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Antes Mental Health Care, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P. O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Xu C, Lu Y, Wang B, Zhou C. Long-term high physical activity modulates event-related potential indices of inhibitory control in postmenopausal women. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6523. [PMID: 30918750 PMCID: PMC6428037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibition processing is sensitive to aging, and an age-related decline in inhibition processing has been associated with an accelerated rate of progression to Alzheimer disease. Elderly women are two to three times more likely than age-matched men to have Alzheimer disease. Therefore, this study examined whether long-term high physical activity affects inhibitory processing, specifically among postmenopausal women. Methods In total, 251 candidates were screened using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices to assess their cognitive abilities and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (Chinese version) to assess their physical activity levels. The participants were then grouped into either a long-term high physical activity group (defined as more than 3 days of high intensity activity per week and gross metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-minutes) higher than 1,500 MET-minutes/week or a gross MET higher than 3,000 MET-minutes/week obtained through walking or other moderate or high intensity activity) or a control group and matched for demographic and health characteristics as well as cognitive scores. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants performed a Go/No-go task to assess inhibition processing. Results The long-term high physical activity group (n = 30) had faster Go reaction times than the control group (n = 30), whereas no significant difference between the two groups was found in their performance accuracy on the No-go task. For the ERP results, the latency of N2 component was significantly shorter in the long-term high physical activity group than that in the control group. Discussion The results of this study suggested that long-term high physical activity may increase the efficiency of the inhibitory control system by increasing the activity of response monitoring processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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15
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Shibasaki M, Namba M, Kamijo Y, Ito T, Kakigi R, Nakata H. Effects of repetitive exercise and thermal stress on human cognitive processing. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14003. [PMID: 30806993 PMCID: PMC6383110 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive performances may improve after acute moderate exercise, but not after prolonged and/or heavy exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental temperature during exercise on human cognitive processing. Fifteen healthy males performed four bouts of a 15-min cycling exercise with a 10-min rest between each bout, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in five sessions during somatosensory Go/No-go paradigms (i.e., Pre, post-first exercise bout, post-second exercise bout, post-third exercise bout, and post-fourth exercise bout) in an environmental chamber with temperature controlled at 20°C (Temperate) and 35°C (Hot). Increases in external canal temperature and heart rate were greater under the 35°C condition than under the 20°C condition. Regardless of thermal conditions, reaction times (RT) and error rates were not affected by the repetition of moderate exercise, whereas the peak amplitude of the N140 component, which is mainly related to somatosensory processing, was significantly reduced with the repetition of the exercise. However the peak amplitude of P300, which is linked to cognitive processes of context updating, context closure, and event-categorization, was significantly smaller in post-third and post-fourth exercise bouts under the 35°C condition than under the 20°C condition, and this decrease was more prominent in No-go trials under the 35°C condition. These results suggest that executive function, which is based on RTs and error rates, is not affected by prolonged exercise and different thermal conditions, whereas the exercise in a hot environment impairs human cognitive processing, particularly response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shibasaki
- Faculty of Human Life and EnvironmentDepartment of Health SciencesNara Women's UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Mari Namba
- Graduate School of Humanities and SciencesNara Women's UniversityNaraJapan
| | - Yoshi‐Ichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineWakamaya Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineKyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Ryusuke Kakigi
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Faculty of Human Life and EnvironmentDepartment of Health SciencesNara Women's UniversityNaraJapan
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16
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Vidal F, Burle B, Hasbroucq T. The Way We Do the Things We Do: How Cognitive Contexts Shape the Neural Dynamics of Motor Areas in Humans. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1296. [PMID: 30100890 PMCID: PMC6073480 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In spontaneously triggered movements the nature of the executed response has a prominent effect on the intensity and the dynamics of motor areas recruitment. Under time pressure, the time course of motor areas recruitment is necessarily shorter than that of spontaneously triggered movements because RTs may be extremely short. Moreover, different classes of RT tasks allow examining the nature and the dynamics of motor areas activation in different cognitive contexts. In the present article, we review experimental results obtained from high temporal resolution methods (mainly, but not exclusively EEG ones), during voluntary movements; these results indicate that the activity of motor areas not only depends on the nature of the executed movement but also on the cognitive context in which these movements have to be executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Vidal
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France
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17
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Rosburg T, Deuring G, Boillat C, Lemoine P, Falkenstein M, Graf M, Mager R. Inhibition and attentional control in pedophilic child sexual offenders - An event-related potential study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1990-1998. [PMID: 30036777 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired response inhibition might play a role in child sexual offences. Recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) can help to clarify whether child sexual offenders (CSOs) show an altered processing of stop signals and commission errors. METHODS In the current ERP study, we investigated these processes in a Go/Nogo task on two groups of CSOs, pedophilic contact CSOs and non-contact CSOs (child pornography offenders), as well as on non-offenders as controls. RESULTS Behaviorally, CSOs showed a slight, but non-significant increase of the false alarm rate to Nogo cues, as compared to controls. The amplitudes of the ERP components N2 and P3 to Nogo cues followed by correctly withhold responses did not vary between CSOs and controls. The analysis of the ERPs to committed errors showed that the Ne amplitudes (reflecting error detection) did not differ between the groups either, whereas the Pe amplitudes (reflecting error evaluation and error awareness) were strongly diminished in CSOs. This diminishment was primarily found in contact CSOs. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that response inhibition, processing of stop signals, and error detection are not necessarily impaired in CSOs. However, CSOs appear to dedicate less cognitive resources to the evaluation of committed errors. SIGNIFICANCE This selective alteration could reflect a reduced sense of responsibility for misconduct in this offender group, which might contribute to their delinquent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Boillat
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Lemoine
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Graf
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Mager
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Cognitive control in children with learning disabilities: neuromarker for deficient executive functions. Neuroreport 2018; 28:638-644. [PMID: 28492417 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neural underpinnings of learning disabilities (LD) are still not known. Recent discussions focus over whether domain-specific and/or domain-unspecific reasons might be responsible for LD either alone or in combination with each other. This study applied standard nonverbal Go-NoGo tasks (visual continuous performance test) to LD and healthy control children to examine whether they show deficient executive functions. During this Go-NoGo task, electroencephalogram was measured in addition to reaction times, hits, omissions, and commissions to the Go and NoGo stimuli. It was shown that children with LD reacted slower with variable responses to Go stimuli and made more omission errors in comparison with the healthy control children. The analysis of the event-related potential indicated that the deficient behavior in this task is associated with smaller - and in part nonexistent - P3d amplitudes. This neural activation indicates a different neural activation pattern during action inhibition in LD children. The neural networks involved in controlling action inhibition are mostly located in frontal brain areas, for which it has been shown that children with LD show neural activation deficiencies. This is possibly a consequence of a maturational delay of the frontal cortex.
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19
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Taylor MJ, Robertson A, Keller AE, Sato J, Urbain C, Pang EW. Inhibition in the face of emotion: Characterization of the spatial-temporal dynamics that facilitate automatic emotion regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2907-2916. [PMID: 29573366 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation mediates socio-cognitive functions and is essential for interactions with others. The capacity to automatically inhibit responses to emotional stimuli is an important aspect of emotion regulation; the underlying neural mechanisms of this ability have been rarely investigated. Forty adults completed a Go/No-go task during magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings, where they responded rapidly to either a blue or purple frame which contained angry or happy faces. Subjects responded to the target color in an inhibition (75% Go trials) and a vigilance condition (25% Go trials). As expected, inhibition processes showed early, sustained activation (200-450 ms) in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Emotion-related inhibition processes showed greater activity with angry faces bilaterally in the orbital-frontal gyri (OFG) starting at 225 ms and temporal poles from 250 ms, with right hemisphere dominance. The presence of happy faces elicited earlier activity in the right OFG. This study demonstrates that the timing of inhibition processes varies with the emotional context and that there is much greater activation in the presence of angry faces. It underscores the importance of the right IFG for inhibition processes, but the OFG in automatic emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Robertson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne E Keller
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Sato
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charline Urbain
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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The dysfunction of inhibition control in pituitary patients: evidence from the Go/Nogo event-related potential study. Neuroreport 2018; 28:272-278. [PMID: 28225481 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary tumor is an intracranial tumor; because of the development of neuroimaging technology in recent years, morbidity is likely to increase. Evidence showed impaired cognitive ability of patients with pituitary adenoma. There is evidence that neurobehavioral disorders are common in pituitary adenoma patients. This disorder is because of the cognitive and emotional function of the important functional areas of the brain oppressed and hormone imbalance. Individuals' mental activity is controlled by the brain and the abnormal mental activity is caused by both the structural abnormalities of the brain and neurochemical dysfunction. Event-related potentials have been used widely in the early assessment of cognitive functions associated with disease, taking advantage of the high temporal resolution, and then analyzing the characteristics of emotional competence from the perspective of cognitive processing. A visual Go/Nogo task was used. A larger Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 was found in the control group compared with the pituitary group. This reflects the nonphysiological process of conflict monitoring and inhibitory control in pituitary patients. The results also showed that the difference waves between Go and Nogo conditions (N2d and P3d) over the frontal electrode sites were more robust and earlier in the control group compared with the pituitary group, which reflects frontal dysfunction in the pituitary group. These data suggest reduced earlier and later stages of inhibitory processes in pituitary individuals, implicating the dysfunction of conflict detection and inhibitory control.
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21
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Kropotov JD, Ponomarev VA, Pronina M, Jäncke L. Functional indexes of reactive cognitive control: ERPs in cued go/no-go tasks. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1899-1915. [PMID: 28771747 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the functional meaning of latent (hidden) components decomposed from ERPs, in the context of a go/no-go paradigm. To accomplish this, we used a new group blind source separation method, based on joint diagonalization of covariance matrices of ERPs. Four variants of a frequently used go/no-go paradigm were designed, in which operations of reactive cognitive control, such as conflict detection and action inhibition, were independently manipulated. The results showed that a latent component, generated in the anterior cingulate cortex, induced N2/P3 fluctuation only in conditions in which the prepotent model was violated, and thus can be associated with conflict detection operations. In contrast, the two latent components generated in the vicinity of the central sulcus induced P3-like fluctuations in conditions in which the prepared action was suppressed, and thus can be associated with action inhibition operations. The advantages and limitations of the new blind source separation method in relation to ERP research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri D Kropotov
- N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Neuropsychology, Andrzej Frycz-Modrzewski Krakow University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Valery A Ponomarev
- N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Pronina
- N. P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,International Normal Aging and Plasticity Research Centre (INAPIC), Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Ramos-Loyo J, Llamas-Alonso LA, González-Garrido AA, Hernández-Villalobos J. Emotional Contexts Exert a Distracting Effect on Attention and Inhibitory Control in Female and Male Adolescents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2082. [PMID: 28522804 PMCID: PMC5437040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents exhibit difficulties in behavioral regulation that become more evident when emotional contexts are involved, since these may hinder the development of socially-adaptive behaviors. The objectives of the present study were: to examine the influence of emotional contexts on adolescents’ ability to inhibit a prepotent response, evaluated by ERPs, and to determine whether sex differences in response inhibition are observed in adolescents in those contexts. Participants performed a prepotent response inhibition task (Go-NoGo) under 3 background context conditions: neutral, pleasant, and unpleasant. While no differences in accuracy were observed, the presence of emotional contexts did prolong reaction times compared to the neutral context. Also, the unpleasant context caused an enhancement of N2 amplitudes compared to the neutral and pleasant contexts. Also, N2 and P3 latencies were longer in emotional contexts than in the neutral condition during both correct responses and correct inhibitions. No sex differences were found in amplitude, but females showed longer N2 and P3 latencies than males. These results confirm the idea that, in adolescents, unpleasant pictures receive preferential attention over neutral images and so generate greater difficulty in response inhibition. Finally, results demonstrate that sex differences in inhibition control in adolescence were observed only in relation to time-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Ramos-Loyo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Luis A Llamas-Alonso
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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23
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Liebrand M, Pein I, Tzvi E, Krämer UM. Temporal Dynamics of Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:204. [PMID: 28496405 PMCID: PMC5406465 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proactive motor inhibition refers to endogenous preparatory mechanisms facilitating action inhibition, whereas reactive motor inhibition is considered to be a sudden stopping process triggered by external signals. Previous studies were inconclusive about the temporal dynamics of involved neurocognitive processes during proactive and reactive motor control. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigated the time-course of proactive and reactive inhibition, measuring event-related oscillations and event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants performed in a cued go/nogo paradigm with cues indicating whether the motor response might or might not have to be inhibited. Based on the dual mechanisms of control (DMC) framework by Braver, we investigated the role of attentional effects, motor preparation in the sensorimotor cortex and prefrontal cognitive control mechanisms, separating effects before and after target onset. In the cue-target interval, proactive motor inhibition was associated with increased attention, reflected in reduced visual alpha power and an increased contingent negative variation (CNV). At the same time, motor inhibition was modulated by reduced sensorimotor beta power. After target onset, proactive inhibition resulted in an increased N1, indicating allocation of attention towards relevant stimuli, increased prefrontal beta power and a modulation of sensorimotor mu activity. As in previous studies, reactive stopping of motor actions was associated with increased prefrontal beta power and increased sensorimotor beta activity. The results stress the relevance of attentional mechanisms for proactive inhibition and speak for different neurocognitive mechanisms being involved in the early preparation for and in later implementation of motor inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liebrand
- Department of Neurology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany.,Graduate School for Computing in Medicine and Life Sciences, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
| | - Inga Pein
- Department of Neurology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
| | - Elinor Tzvi
- Department of Neurology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of LübeckLübeck, Germany
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24
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Hemispheric asymmetries in the transition from action preparation to execution. Neuroimage 2017; 148:390-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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25
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Is P3 a strategic or a tactical component? Relationships of P3 sub-components to response times in oddball tasks with go, no-go and choice responses. Neuroimage 2016; 143:223-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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26
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Verleger R, Grauhan N, Śmigasiewicz K. Go and no-go P3 with rare and frequent stimuli in oddball tasks: A study comparing key-pressing with counting. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Galdo-Alvarez S, Bonilla FM, González-Villar AJ, Carrillo-de-la-Peña MT. Functional Equivalence of Imagined vs. Real Performance of an Inhibitory Task: An EEG/ERP Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:467. [PMID: 27695410 PMCID: PMC5025452 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Early neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies suggested that motor imagery recruited a different network than motor execution. However, several studies have provided evidence for the involvement of the same circuits in motor imagery tasks, in the absence of overt responses. The present study aimed to test whether imagined performance of a stop-signal task produces a similar pattern of motor-related EEG activity than that observed during real performance. To this end, mu and beta event-related desynchronization (ERD) and the Lateralized Readiness Potential (LRP) were analyzed. The study also aimed to clarify the functional significance of the Stop-N2 and Stop-P3 event-related potential (ERPs) components, which were also obtained during both real and imagined performance. The results showed a common pattern of brain electrical activity, and with a similar time course, during covert performance and overt execution of the stop-signal task: presence of LRP and Stop-P3 in the imagined condition and identical LRP onset, and similar mu and beta ERD temporal windows for both conditions. These findings suggest that a similar inhibitory network may be activated during both overt and covert execution of the task. Therefore, motor imagery may be useful to improve inhibitory skills and to develop new communicating systems for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) devices based on inhibitory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Galdo-Alvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fidel M. Bonilla
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University El BosqueBogotá, Colombia
| | - Alberto J. González-Villar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María T. Carrillo-de-la-Peña
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
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Verleger R, Grauhan N, Śmigasiewicz K. Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus-response mappings on the oddball effect on P3. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1858-1869. [PMID: 27593167 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
P3b is a prominent component of human event-related EEG potentials. P3b has been related to consciousness, encoding into memory, and updating of strategic schemata, among others, yet evidence has also been provided for its close relationship with deciding how to respond to the presented stimuli. P3b is large with rarely occurring stimuli and small with frequent ones. Here, we investigate the extent to which this oddball effect depends on selecting and executing responses. Participants pressed one of two keys in response to one of two letters, one of which was presented rarely and one frequently. Information about letter-key mapping was provided by a second stimulus. In different blocks, this mapping stimulus was either constant across trials or varied randomly, and either preceded or followed the letter. The oddball effect was reduced when responses were delayed (by waiting for the constant mapping stimulus following the letter) and was further reduced when responses could not be assigned to the letters (because letters were followed by varying mapping stimuli). This evidence suggests that P3b is closely related to decision processes, possibly reflecting reactivation of stimulus-response links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Verleger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nils Grauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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New insights into old waves. Matching stimulus- and response-locked ERPs on the same time-window. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:202-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Spatiotemporal brain mapping during preparation, perception, and action. Neuroimage 2016; 126:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Testing the S–R link hypothesis of P3b: The oddball effect on S1-evoked P3 gets reduced by increased task relevance of S2. Biol Psychol 2015; 108:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berchicci M, Lucci G, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Stimulus onset predictability modulates proactive action control in a Go/No-go task. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:101. [PMID: 25964751 PMCID: PMC4410600 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the presence/absence of visual cues specifying the onset of an upcoming, action-related stimulus modulates pre-stimulus brain activity, associated with the proactive control of goal-directed actions. To this aim we asked 12 subjects to perform an equal probability Go/No-go task with four stimulus configurations in two conditions: (1) uncued, i.e., without any external information about the timing of stimulus onset; and (2) cued, i.e., with external visual cues providing precise information about the timing of stimulus onset. During task both behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Behavioral results showed faster response times in the cued than uncued condition, confirming existing literature. ERPs showed novel results in the proactive control stage, that started about 1 s before the motor response. We observed a slow rising prefrontal positive activity, more pronounced in the cued than the uncued condition. Further, also pre-stimulus activity of premotor areas was larger in cued than uncued condition. In the post-stimulus period, the P3 amplitude was enhanced when the time of stimulus onset was externally driven, confirming that external cueing enhances processing of stimulus evaluation and response monitoring. Our results suggest that different pre-stimulus processing come into play in the two conditions. We hypothesize that the large prefrontal and premotor activities recorded with external visual cues index the monitoring of the external stimuli in order to finely regulate the action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Lucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy ; Department of Psychology, University of Rome 'La Sapienza' Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Spinelli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico" Rome, Italy ; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Albrecht B, Uebel-von Sandersleben H, Wiedmann K, Rothenberger A. ADHD History of the Concept: the Case of the Continuous Performance Test. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-014-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Liu Y, Zhan X, Li W, Han H, Wang H, Hou J, Yan G, Wang Y. The trait anger affects conflict inhibition: a Go/Nogo ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1076. [PMID: 25653610 PMCID: PMC4301017 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the time course of inhibitory control in high trait anger individuals, we recorded and analyzed ERP data relevant to visual Go/Nogo task in high and low trait anger participants. Compared with low trait anger participants, high trait anger participants revealed faster RTs in the Go/Nogo task. The nogo effect of N2 related to conflict monitoring was similar between two groups. While the P3go was larger in high than low trait anger groups, the P3nogo did not differ between two groups. This induced the smaller nogo effect of P3 in high than that in low trait anger group, which is closely related to the actual inhibition of the motor system. These data suggest the reduced later stage of inhibitory processes in high trait anger individuals, implicating the dysfunction of inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianghong Zhan
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heyun Han
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junlin Hou
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoli Yan
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Basic Disciplines of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou, China
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Albrecht B, Brandeis D, Uebel-von Sandersleben H, Valko L, Heinrich H, Xu X, Drechsler R, Heise A, Kuntsi J, Müller UC, Asherson P, Steinhausen HC, Rothenberger A, Banaschewski T. Genetics of preparation and response control in ADHD: the role of DRD4 and DAT1. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:914-23. [PMID: 24521003 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulties with performance and brain activity related to attentional orienting (Cue-P3), cognitive or response preparation (Cue-CNV) and inhibitory response control (Nogo-P3) during tasks tapping executive functions are familial in ADHD and may represent endophenotypes. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene polymorphisms on these processes in ADHD and control children. METHODS Behavioural and electrophysiological parameters from cued continuous performance tests with low and high attentional load were assessed in boys with ADHD combined type (N = 94) and controls without family history of ADHD (N = 31). Both groups were split for the presence of at least one DRD4 7-repeat allele and the DAT1 10-6 haplotype. RESULTS Children with ADHD showed diminished performance and lower Cue-P3, CNV and Nogo-P3 amplitudes. Children with DRD4 7R showed similar performance problems and lower Cue-P3 and CNV, but Nogo-P3 was not reduced. Children with the DAT1 10-6 haplotype had no difficulties with performance or Cue-P3 and CNV, but contrary to expectations increased Nogo-P3. There were no Genotype by ADHD interactions. CONCLUSIONS This study detected specific effects of DRD4 7R on performance and brain activity related to attentional orienting and response preparation, while DAT1 10-6 was associated with elevated brain activity related to inhibitory response control, which potentially compensates increased impulsivity. As these genotype effects were additive to the impact of ADHD, the current results indicate that DRD4 and DAT1 polymorphisms are functionally relevant risk factors for ADHD and presumably other disorders sharing these endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Albrecht
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Karamacoska D, Barry RJ, Steiner GZ, de Blasio FM. Clarifying the sequential processes involved in a cued continuous performance test. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:67-80. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karamacoska
- Centre for Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Psychopharmacology; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute; School of Psychology; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Robert J. Barry
- Centre for Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Psychopharmacology; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute; School of Psychology; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Genevieve Z. Steiner
- Centre for Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Psychopharmacology; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute; School of Psychology; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
| | - Frances M. de Blasio
- Centre for Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Psychopharmacology; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute; School of Psychology; University of Wollongong; Wollongong Australia
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Karalunas SL, Geurts HM, Konrad K, Bender S, Nigg JT. Annual research review: Reaction time variability in ADHD and autism spectrum disorders: measurement and mechanisms of a proposed trans-diagnostic phenotype. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:685-710. [PMID: 24628425 PMCID: PMC4267725 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraindividual variability in reaction time (RT) has received extensive discussion as an indicator of cognitive performance, a putative intermediate phenotype of many clinical disorders, and a possible trans-diagnostic phenotype that may elucidate shared risk factors for mechanisms of psychiatric illnesses. SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY Using the examples of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we discuss RT variability. We first present a new meta-analysis of RT variability in ASD with and without comorbid ADHD. We then discuss potential mechanisms that may account for RT variability and statistical models that disentangle the cognitive processes affecting RTs. We then report a second meta-analysis comparing ADHD and non-ADHD children on diffusion model parameters. We consider how findings inform the search for neural correlates of RT variability. FINDINGS Results suggest that RT variability is increased in ASD only when children with comorbid ADHD are included in the sample. Furthermore, RT variability in ADHD is explained by moderate to large increases (d = 0.63-0.99) in the ex-Gaussian parameter τ and the diffusion parameter drift rate, as well as by smaller differences (d = 0.32) in the diffusion parameter of nondecision time. The former may suggest problems in state regulation or arousal and difficulty detecting signal from noise, whereas the latter may reflect contributions from deficits in motor organization or output. The neuroimaging literature converges with this multicomponent interpretation and also highlights the role of top-down control circuits. CONCLUSION We underscore the importance of considering the interactions between top-down control, state regulation (e.g., arousal), and motor preparation when interpreting RT variability and conclude that decomposition of the RT signal provides superior interpretive power and suggests mechanisms convergent with those implicated using other cognitive paradigms. We conclude with specific recommendations for the field for next steps in the study of RT variability in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Karalunas
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Smith JL, Barry RJ, Steiner GZ. CNV resolution does not cause NoGo anteriorisation of the P3: A failure to replicate Simson et al. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:349-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Albrecht B, Brandeis D, Uebel H, Valko L, Heinrich H, Drechsler R, Heise A, Müller UC, Steinhausen HC, Rothenberger A, Banaschewski T. Familiality of neural preparation and response control in childhood attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1997-2011. [PMID: 23200032 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200270x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulties in multiple attentional functions. Although high heritability rates suggest a strong genetic impact, aetiological pathways from genes and environmental factors to the ADHD phenotype are not well understood. Tracking the time course of deviant task processing using event-related electrophysiological brain activity should characterize the impact of familiality on the sequence of cognitive functions from preparation to response control in ADHD. Method Preparation and response control were assessed using behavioural and electrophysiological parameters of two versions of a cued continuous performance test with varying attentional load in boys with ADHD combined type (n = 97), their non-affected siblings (n = 27) and control children without a family history of ADHD (n = 43). RESULTS Children with ADHD and non-affected siblings showed more variable performance and made more omission errors than controls. The preparatory Cue-P3 and contingent negative variation (CNV) following cues were reduced in both ADHD children and their non-affected siblings compared with controls. The NoGo-P3 was diminished in ADHD compared with controls whilst non-affected siblings were located intermediate but did not differ from both other groups. No clear familiality effects were found for the Go-P3. Better task performance was further associated with higher CNV and P3 amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Impairments in performance and electrophysiological parameters reflecting preparatory processes and to some extend also for inhibitory response control, especially under high attentional load, appeared to be familially driven in ADHD and may thus constitute functionally relevant endophenotypes for the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Albrecht
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Gonzalez-Rosa JJ, Inuggi A, Blasi V, Cursi M, Annovazzi P, Comi G, Falini A, Leocani L. Response competition and response inhibition during different choice-discrimination tasks: Evidence from ERP measured inside MRI scanner. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 89:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yeo HB, Yoon HK, Lee HJ, Kang SG, Jung KY, Kim L. Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cognitive and Motor Function: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:190-7. [PMID: 23717119 PMCID: PMC3659585 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has a long history of use for health enhancement, and there is some evidence from animal studies that it has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean red ginseng on cognitive performance in humans. A total of 15 healthy young males with no psychiatric or cognitive problems were selected based on an interview with a board-certified psychiatrist. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of 4,500 mg red ginseng or placebo for a 2-week trial. There were 8 subjects in the red ginseng group and 7 subjects in the placebo group. All of the subjects were analyzed with the Vienna test system and a P300 event-related potential (ERP) test. There were no significant differences in the Vienna test system scores between the red ginseng group and the placebo group. In the event-related potential test, the C3 latency of the red ginseng group tended to decrease during the study period (p=0.005). After 2 wk, significant decreases were observed in the P300 latencies at Cz (p=0.008), C3 (p=0.005), C4 (p=0.002), and C mean (p=0.003) in the red ginseng group. Our results suggest that the decreased latency in ERP is associated with improved cognitive function. Further studies with a higher dosage of ginseng, a larger sample size, and a longer follow-up period are necessary to confirm the clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Yeo
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea
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Verleger R, Paulick C, Möcks J, Smith JL, Keller K. Parafac and go/no-go: Disentangling CNV return from the P3 complex by trilinear component analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 87:289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Covey TJ, Shucard JL, Violanti JM, Lee J, Shucard DW. The effects of exposure to traumatic stressors on inhibitory control in police officers: A dense electrode array study using a Go/NoGo continuous performance task. Int J Psychophysiol 2013; 87:363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Linssen A, Sambeth A, Riedel W, Vuurman E. Higher, faster, stronger: The effect of dynamic stimuli on response preparation and CNV amplitude. Behav Brain Res 2013; 237:308-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Tenke CE, Kayser J. Generator localization by current source density (CSD): implications of volume conduction and field closure at intracranial and scalp resolutions. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2328-45. [PMID: 22796039 PMCID: PMC3498576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The topographic ambiguity and reference-dependency that has plagued EEG/ERP research throughout its history are largely attributable to volume conduction, which may be concisely described by a vector form of Ohm's Law. This biophysical relationship is common to popular algorithms that infer neuronal generators via inverse solutions. It may be further simplified as Poisson's source equation, which identifies underlying current generators from estimates of the second spatial derivative of the field potential (Laplacian transformation). Intracranial current source density (CSD) studies have dissected the "cortical dipole" into intracortical sources and sinks, corresponding to physiologically-meaningful patterns of neuronal activity at a sublaminar resolution, much of which is locally cancelled (i.e., closed field). By virtue of the macroscopic scale of the scalp-recorded EEG, a surface Laplacian reflects the radial projections of these underlying currents, representing a unique, unambiguous measure of neuronal activity at scalp. Although the surface Laplacian requires minimal assumptions compared to complex, model-sensitive inverses, the resulting waveform topographies faithfully summarize and simplify essential constraints that must be placed on putative generators of a scalp potential topography, even if they arise from deep or partially-closed fields. CSD methods thereby provide a global empirical and biophysical context for generator localization, spanning scales from intracortical to scalp recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Tenke
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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46
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Taddei F, Bultrini A, Spinelli D, Di Russo F. Neural correlates of attentional and executive processing in middle-age fencers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:1057-66. [PMID: 22157879 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31824529c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Open-skill sports require high levels of visual attention and fast and flexible decision making and action execution. We evaluated whether these sports may counteract the well-known age-related declines in executive processing. METHODS Young and middle-age fencers and nonathletes were studied. Participants (N = 40) performed visual motor tasks while reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials were recorded. RESULTS RTs were slower for the older subjects, but accuracy was not impaired. At event-related potential level, the late P3 component was delayed in older subjects, but those who participated in sports showed less delay. The RTs of middle-age and young fencers were comparable; the P1 latency of middle-age fencers was similar to that of the younger subjects; the N1 was enhanced in older, as well as younger, fencers; the N2 component of fencers had shorter latencies and larger amplitudes than nonathletes; and in no-go trials, the P3 component was enhanced in fencers independent of age. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the practice of open-skill sports was associated with improvement of the executive functions that are already degraded at middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Taddei
- Department of Education Sciences for Motor Activity and Sport, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, ITALY
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47
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Smith JL, Jamadar S, Provost AL, Michie PT. Motor and non-motor inhibition in the Go/NoGo task: an ERP and fMRI study. Int J Psychophysiol 2012; 87:244-53. [PMID: 22885679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of movement-related activity to Go/NoGo ERP differences has been debated for 25 years. In this study, we examined ERP and fMRI measures of activity in twenty adults performing non-motor (count) and motor (right-handed button press) trials of the Go/NoGo task. Task performance was highly accurate and similar in the ERP and fMRI environments. No significant task-related effects were observed for the N2 component; however, we observed a substantial increase in positivity for Press NoGo compared to Count NoGo trials. The fMRI results also revealed significant deactivations for Press NoGo relative to Count NoGo trials in several left-lateralised motor-related areas, including the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus and supplementary motor area. Together, the results indicate that the P3 NoGo>Go effect in motor tasks is caused not by movement-related negativity on Go trials but by inhibition-related positivity on NoGo trials, and that this is associated with deactivation of motor areas involved in the Go response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette L Smith
- School of Psychology, Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Australia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in executive cognitive function, including inhibitory control. However, inconsistencies have been found across studies. Depression is a heterogeneous disorder and these inconsistencies may therefore relate to heterogeneity in relatively small samples. METHOD Here we sought to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) during a cognitive Go/No-Go task in melancholic (n = 60) and non-melancholic depressed patients (n = 54) relative to controls (n = 114). RESULTS Behavioural responses indicate that inhibitory control processes are differentially affected by subtypes of depression such that melancholic patients exhibit a greater number of commission errors and more variable response rates in comparison to non-melancholic patients and controls respectively. However, ERPs do not differ during a cognitive Go/No-Go task when ERPs associated with correct responses are examined. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that while patients with melancholia differ from patients without melancholia and controls, no neurophysiological differences are observed when controlling for observable behavioural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice R Quinn
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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P300 in neglect. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:496-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Response inhibition in adults and teenagers: spatiotemporal differences in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Cogn 2012; 79:49-59. [PMID: 22325785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition is a core executive function reliant on the frontal lobes that shows protracted maturation through to adulthood. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of response inhibition during a visual go/no-go task in 14 teenagers and 14 adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a contrast between two no-go experimental conditions designed to eliminate a common confound in earlier studies comparing go with no-go trials. Source analyses were performed using an event-related beamformer algorithm with co-registered individual structural MRIs. Performance was controlled to be similar across subjects. Analyses of MEG data revealed bilateral prefrontal activity in the inhibitory condition for both age groups, but with different spatiotemporal patterns: around 300ms after stimulus onset in middle frontal gyri in teenagers vs. around 260ms in inferior frontal gyri in adults. Moreover, the inhibition of a prepotent motor response showed a stronger recruitment of the left hemisphere in teenagers than in adults and of the right hemisphere in adults than in teenagers. These findings provide high-resolution temporal and spatial information regarding response inhibition in adolescents compared to adults, independent of motor components and performance differences.
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