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Fjell AM, Walhovd KB. Individual sleep need is flexible and dynamically related to cognitive function. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:422-430. [PMID: 38379065 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Given that sleep deprivation studies consistently show that short sleep causes neurocognitive deficits, the effects of insufficient sleep on brain health and cognition are of great interest and concern. Here we argue that experimentally restricted sleep is not a good model for understanding the normal functions of sleep in naturalistic settings. Cross-disciplinary research suggests that human sleep is remarkably dependent on environmental conditions and social norms, thus escaping universally applicable rules. Sleep need varies over time and differs between individuals, showing a complex relationship with neurocognitive function. This aspect of sleep is rarely addressed in experimental work and is not reflected in expert recommendations about sleep duration. We recommend focusing on the role of individual and environmental factors to improve our understanding of the relationship between human sleep and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Silva-Caballero A, Ball HL, Kramer KL, Bentley GR. Sleep tight! Adolescent sleep quality across three distinct sleep ecologies. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:448-460. [PMID: 38044930 PMCID: PMC10693291 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Good sleep quality, associated with few arousals, no daytime sleepiness and self-satisfaction with one's sleep, is pivotal for adolescent growth, maturation, cognition and overall health. This article aims to identify what ecological factors impact adolescent sleep quality across three distinct sleep ecologies representing a gradient of dense urbanity to small, rural environments with scarce artificial lighting and no Internet. Methodology We analyze variation of sleep efficiency, a quantitative measure of sleep quality-defined as the ratio of total time spent asleep to total time dedicated to sleep-in two agricultural indigenous populations and one post-industrial group in Mexico (Campeche = 44, Puebla = 51, Mexico City = 50, respectively). Data collection included actigraphy, sleep diaries, questionnaires, interviews and ethnographic observations. We fit linear models to examine sleep efficiency variation within and between groups. Results We found that sleep efficiency varied significantly across sites, being highest in Mexico City (88%) and lowest in Campeche (75%). We found that variation in sleep efficiency was significantly associated with nightly exposure to light and social sleep practices. Conclusions and implications Our findings point toward contextual cost-benefits of sleep disruption in adolescence. We highlight the need to prioritize research on adolescent sleep quality across distinct developmental ecologies and its impact on health to improve adolescent wellbeing through evidence-based health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silva-Caballero
- Institute of Anthropological Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Helen L Ball
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, Univesity of Utah, Salt Lake City, RM 4625, USA
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3
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Bertram L, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Mowinckel AM, Nyberg L, Sexton CE, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. No phenotypic or genotypic evidence for a link between sleep duration and brain atrophy. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:2008-2022. [PMID: 37798367 PMCID: PMC10663160 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Short sleep is held to cause poorer brain health, but is short sleep associated with higher rates of brain structural decline? Analysing 8,153 longitudinal MRIs from 3,893 healthy adults, we found no evidence for an association between sleep duration and brain atrophy. In contrast, cross-sectional analyses (51,295 observations) showed inverse U-shaped relationships, where a duration of 6.5 (95% confidence interval, (5.7, 7.3)) hours was associated with the thickest cortex and largest volumes relative to intracranial volume. This fits converging evidence from research on mortality, health and cognition that points to roughly seven hours being associated with good health. Genome-wide association analyses suggested that genes associated with longer sleep for below-average sleepers were linked to shorter sleep for above-average sleepers. Mendelian randomization did not yield evidence for causal impacts of sleep on brain structure. The combined results challenge the notion that habitual short sleep causes brain atrophy, suggesting that normal brains promote adequate sleep duration-which is shorter than current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lars Bertram
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging Working Group, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasia M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Global Brain Health Institute, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pii Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Fjell AM, Sørensen Ø, Wang Y, Amlien IK, Baaré WFC, Bartrés-Faz D, Boraxbekk CJ, Brandmaier AM, Demuth I, Drevon CA, Ebmeier KP, Ghisletta P, Kievit R, Kühn S, Madsen KS, Nyberg L, Solé-Padullés C, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Wagner G, Watne LO, Walhovd KB. Is Short Sleep Bad for the Brain? Brain Structure and Cognitive Function in Short Sleepers. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5241-5250. [PMID: 37365003 PMCID: PMC10342221 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2330-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sleep less than recommended without experiencing daytime sleepiness. According to prevailing views, short sleep increases risk of lower brain health and cognitive function. Chronic mild sleep deprivation could cause undetected sleep debt, negatively affecting cognitive function and brain health. However, it is possible that some have less sleep need and are more resistant to negative effects of sleep loss. We investigated this using a cross-sectional and longitudinal sample of 47,029 participants of both sexes (20-89 years) from the Lifebrain consortium, Human Connectome project (HCP) and UK Biobank (UKB), with measures of self-reported sleep, including 51,295 MRIs of the brain and cognitive tests. A total of 740 participants who reported to sleep <6 h did not experience daytime sleepiness or sleep problems/disturbances interfering with falling or staying asleep. These short sleepers showed significantly larger regional brain volumes than both short sleepers with daytime sleepiness and sleep problems (n = 1742) and participants sleeping the recommended 7-8 h (n = 3886). However, both groups of short sleepers showed slightly lower general cognitive function (GCA), 0.16 and 0.19 SDs, respectively. Analyses using accelerometer-estimated sleep duration confirmed the findings, and the associations remained after controlling for body mass index, depression symptoms, income, and education. The results suggest that some people can cope with less sleep without obvious negative associations with brain morphometry and that sleepiness and sleep problems may be more related to brain structural differences than duration. However, the slightly lower performance on tests of general cognitive abilities warrants closer examination in natural settings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Short habitual sleep is prevalent, with unknown consequences for brain health and cognitive performance. Here, we show that daytime sleepiness and sleep problems are more strongly related to regional brain volumes than sleep duration. However, participants sleeping ≤6 h had slightly lower scores on tests of general cognitive function (GCA). This indicates that sleep need is individual and that sleep duration per se is very weakly if at all related brain health, while daytime sleepiness and sleep problems may show somewhat stronger associations. The association between habitual short sleep and lower scores on tests of general cognitive abilities must be further scrutinized in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K Amlien
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2020 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (including Division of Lipid Metabolism), Biology of Aging working group, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Vitas AS, The Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus P Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- UniDistance Suisse, 3900 Brig, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrine Skak Madsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiography, Department of Technology, University College Copenhagen, 1799 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Computational Radiology and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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5
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Sleep deprivation among adolescents in urban and indigenous-rural Mexican communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 36658329 PMCID: PMC9852252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparing the nature of adolescent sleep across urban and more isolated, rural settings through an ecological, cross-cultural perspective represents one way to inform sleep nuances and broaden our understanding of human development, wellbeing and evolution. Here we tested the Social Jetlag Hypothesis, according to which contemporary, urban lifestyles and technological advances are associated with sleep insufficiency in adolescents. We documented the adolescent sleep duration (11-16 years old; X̅ = 13.7 ± 1.21; n = 145) in two small agricultural, indigenous and one densely urban context in Mexico to investigate whether adolescents in socio-ecologically distinct locations experience sleep deprivation. Sleep data was assembled with actigraphy, sleep diaries and standardized questionnaires. We employed multilevel models to analyze how distinct biological and socio-cultural factors (i.e., pubertal maturation, chronotype, napping, gender, working/schooling, access to screen-based devices, exposure to light, and social sleep practices) shape adolescent sleep duration. Results suggest that the prevalence of adolescent short sleep quotas is similar in rural, more traditional environments compared to highly urbanized societies, and highlight the influence of social activities on the expression of human sleep. This study challenges current assumptions about natural sleep and how adolescents slept before contemporary technological changes occurred.
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Mattingly SM, Martinez G, Young J, Cain MK, Striegel A. Snoozing: an examination of a common method of waking. Sleep 2022; 45:6661272. [PMID: 35951011 PMCID: PMC9548674 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Snoozing was defined as using multiple alarms to accomplish waking, and considered as a method of sleep inertia reduction that utilizes the stress system. Surveys measured snoozing behavior including who, when, how, and why snoozing occurs. In addition, the physiological effects of snoozing on sleep were examined via wearable sleep staging and heart rate (HR) activity, both over a long time scale, and on the days that it occurs. We aimed to establish snoozing as a construct in need of additional study. Methods A novel survey examined snoozing prevalence, how snoozing was accomplished, and explored possible contributors and motivators of snoozing behavior in 450 participants. Trait- and day-level surveys were combined with wearable data to determine if snoozers sleep differently than nonsnoozers, and how snoozers and nonsnoozers differ in other areas, such as personality. Results 57% of participants snoozed. Being female, younger, having fewer steps, having lower conscientiousness, having more disturbed sleep, and being a more evening chronotype increased the likelihood of being a snoozer. Snoozers had elevated resting HR and showed lighter sleep before waking. Snoozers did not sleep less than nonsnoozers nor did they feel more sleepiness or nap more often. Conclusions Snoozing is a common behavior associated with changes in sleep physiology before waking, both in a trait- and state-dependent manner, and is influenced by demographic and behavioral traits. Additional research is needed, especially in detailing the physiology of snoozing, its impact on health, and its interactions with observational studies of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Mattingly
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | - Gonzalo Martinez
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
| | | | - Aaron Striegel
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN , USA
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Natural sleep loss is associated with lower mPFC activity during negative distracter processing. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:242-253. [PMID: 33469886 PMCID: PMC7994230 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that loss of sleep has a negative impact on both emotional and cognitive functioning. We examined whether subjectively reported natural sleep loss is associated with the interplay between emotion and cognition, as was probed by brain activity in response to emotional distraction during a working memory task. Forty-six healthy male adults reported their typical weekly sleep pattern using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), while recent sleep loss was enquired using a sleep diary in the 7 days preceding scanning. Participants performed a delayed match-to-sample task with negative and neutral distracters during the delay period inside the MRI scanner. Activity differences between negative and neutral distracters were associated to both sleep loss measures across participants. The amount of typically encountered sleep loss indicated by the MCTQ, but not sleep diary, was negatively associated with activity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during emotionally negative compared to neutral distraction (p < 0.025, whole brain corrected). Participants showed less distracter-related activity in the ACC and dorsomedial PFC with increasing sleep loss, which, in the long run, might contribute to less adaptive emotional processing, and therefore a greater vulnerability to develop affective disorders.
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Alger SE, Brager AJ, Balkin TJ, Capaldi VF, Simonelli G. Effect of cognitive load and emotional valence of distractors on performance during sleep extension and subsequent sleep deprivation. Sleep 2020; 43:5722315. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to assess the extent to which sleep extension followed by sleep deprivation impacts performance on an attentional task with varying cognitive and attentional demands that influence decisions.
Methods
Task performance was assessed at baseline, after 1 week of sleep extension, and after 40 h of total sleep deprivation.
Results
One week of sleep extension resulted in improved performance, particularly for high cognitive load decisions regardless of the emotional salience of attentional distractors. Those who extended sleep the most relative to their habitual sleep duration showed the greatest improvement in general performance during sleep extension. However, a higher percentage of time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) on the last night of the sleep extension phase was negatively correlated with performance on more difficult high cognitive load items, possibly reflecting a relatively higher level of residual sleep need. Sleep deprivation generally resulted in impaired performance, with a nonsignificant trend toward greater performance decrements in the presence of emotionally salient distractors. Performance overall, but specifically for high cognitive load decisions, during total sleep deprivation was negatively correlated with longer sleep and higher SWS percentage during subsequent recovery sleep.
Conclusions
The present findings suggest two possibilities: those who performed relatively poorly during sleep deprivation were more vulnerable because (1) they utilized mental resources (i.e. accrued sleep debt) at a relatively faster rate during wakefulness, and/or (2) they failed to “pay down” pre-study sleep debt to the same extent as better-performing participants during the preceding sleep extension phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Alger
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Allison J Brager
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Thomas J Balkin
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Vincent F Capaldi
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Guido Simonelli
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
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9
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Pichard LE, Simonelli G, Schwartz L, Balkin TJ, Hursh S. Precision Medicine for Sleep Loss and Fatigue Management. Sleep Med Clin 2019; 14:399-406. [PMID: 31375208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss is a widespread phenomenon and a public health threat. Sleep disorders, medical conditions, lifestyles, and occupational factors all contribute to insufficient sleep. Regardless of the underlying cause, insufficient sleep has well-defined consequences and the severity of said consequences partially influenced by individual characteristics. It is here where precision medicine needs to understand and define sleep insufficiency in hopes for personalizing medical approach to improve patient outcomes. Following a discussion on causes and consequences of sleep loss, this article discusses tools for assessing sleep sufficiency, mitigating strategies to sleep loss, and sleep loss in the context of fatigue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Pichard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Guido Simonelli
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Lindsay Schwartz
- Institutes for Behavior Resources, Inc, 2104 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Thomas J Balkin
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Steven Hursh
- Institutes for Behavior Resources, Inc, 2104 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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10
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Lyon L. Is an epidemic of sleeplessness increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease? Brain 2019; 142:e30. [PMID: 30938428 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Geissmann Q, Beckwith EJ, Gilestro GF. Most sleep does not serve a vital function: Evidence from Drosophila melanogaster. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9253. [PMID: 30801012 PMCID: PMC6382397 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sleep appears to be a universally conserved phenomenon among the animal kingdom, but whether this notable evolutionary conservation underlies a basic vital function is still an open question. Using a machine learning-based video-tracking technology, we conducted a detailed high-throughput analysis of sleep in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, coupled with a lifelong chronic and specific sleep restriction. Our results show that some wild-type flies are virtually sleepless in baseline conditions and that complete, forced sleep restriction is not necessarily a lethal treatment in wild-type D. melanogaster. We also show that circadian drive, and not homeostatic regulation, is the main contributor to sleep pressure in flies. These results offer a new perspective on the biological role of sleep in Drosophila and, potentially, in other species.
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Yetish G, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Sleep variability and nighttime activity among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:590-600. [PMID: 29989163 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A common presumption in sleep research is that "normal" human sleep should show high night-to-night consistency. Yet, intra-individual sleep variation in small-scale subsistence societies has never been studied to test this idea. In this study, we assessed the degree of nightly variation in sleep patterns among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in Bolivia, and explored possible drivers of the intra-individual variability. METHODS We actigraphically recorded sleep among 120 Tsimane adults (67 female), aged 18-91, for an average of 4.9 nights per person using the Actigraph GT3X and Philips Respironics Actiwatch 2. We assessed intra-individual variation using intra-class correlations and average deviation from each individual's average sleep duration, onset, and offset times ( ɛ¯). RESULTS Only 31% of total variation in sleep duration was due to differences among different individuals, with the remaining 69% due to nightly differences within the same individuals. We found no statistically significant differences in Tsimane sleep duration by day-of-the-week. Nightly variation in sleep duration was driven by highly variable sleep onset, especially for men. Nighttime activities associated with later sleep onset included hunting, fishing, housework, and watching TV. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to nightly sleep variation in the United States being driven primarily by "sleeping-in" on weekends, Tsimane sleep variation, while comparable to that observed in the United States, was driven by changing "bedtimes," independent of day-of-the-week. We propose that this variation may reflect adaptive responses to changing opportunity costs to sleep/nighttime activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Yetish
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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A review of developmental consequences of poor sleep in childhood. Sleep Med 2018; 60:3-12. [PMID: 30660750 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a fairly diverse and complex construct to operationalize in a scientific and naturalistic context. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of reviews published in the last 5 years on poor sleep and developmental outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 42 articles (or 1117 studies) qualified. They reported outcomes related to poor sleep investigated as sleep disorders (38.1%), sleep 'in general' (26.2%), sleep duration (23.8%), in terms of circadian rhythm (4.8%), intra-individual variability (2.4%), and napping (2.4%). Sleep was primarily subjectively reported (30.2%), yet the methodology of sleep assessment was often neither tabulated nor discussed. Overall, most papers had a health-scope, being primarily weight problems expressed as body mass index. Its relationship with performance was measured with the Wechsler intelligence tests, the child behavior checklist and the continuous performance test, whereas meta-analytic papers specifically focused on cognition with sleep disorder (i.e. sleep-disordered breathing; 38.6%), on health (i.e. weight) with sleep duration (25%) and behavior with sleep 'in general' (15.9%), having a high true variance. Nevertheless, an aggregated effect size d of 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.42) suggests that poor sleep is moderately affecting a child's performance and health. In conclusion, poor sleep can no longer be disregarded, yet methodologies that are more rigorous and a scope beyond health may foster a better understanding of the role of (poor) sleep across childhood neurodevelopment.
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15
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Dimitrov A, Veer IM, Kleeblatt J, Seyfarth F, Roenneberg T, Ising M, Uhr M, Keck ME, Kramer A, Berger M, von Koch L, Walter H, Adli M. Chronotype is associated with psychological well-being depending on the composition of the study sample. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1236-1247. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105317751618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Past studies examining the effect of chronotype and social jetlag on psychological well-being have been inconsistent so far. Here, we recruited participants from the general population and enquired about their natural sleeping behavior, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Partial correlations were computed between sleep variables and indicators of psychological well-being, controlling for age and sex. Less sleep during work days was found a good indicator for impairments in psychological well-being. In exploratory follow-up analyses, the same correlations were calculated within groups of early, intermediate, and late chronotype. We observed that the composition of the sample in terms of chronotype influenced whether associations between sleep variables and psychological well-being could be observed, a finding that is advised to be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dimitrov
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kleeblatt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Seyfarth
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Roenneberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Institute of Medical Psychology, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Uhr
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin E Keck
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Berger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara von Koch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mazda Adli
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Lowe CJ, Safati A, Hall PA. The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: A meta-analytic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:586-604. [PMID: 28757454 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current meta-analytic review evaluated the effects of experimentally manipulated sleep restriction on neurocognitive functioning. Random-effects models were employed to estimate the overall effect size and the differential effect size across cognitive domains. Age, time of day, age-adjusted sleep deficit, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were examined as potential moderators of the effect. Based on a sample of 61 studies, from 71 different populations, findings revealed a significant negative effect of sleep restriction on cognitive processing across cognitive domains (g=-0.383, p<0.001). This effect held for executive functioning (g=-0.324, p<0.001), sustained attention (g=-0.409, p<0.001), and long-term memory (g=-0.192, p=0.002). There was insufficient evidence to detect an effect within the domains of attention, multitask, impulsive decision-making or intelligence. Age group, time of day, cumulative days of restricted sleep, sleep latency, subjective sleepiness, and biological sex were all significant moderators of the overall effect. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis is the first comprehensive review to provide evidence that short-term sleep restriction significantly impairs waking neurocognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Lowe
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Adrian Safati
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Peter A Hall
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Improvement of sleep architecture parameters in cirrhotic patients with recurrent hepatic encephalopathy with the use of rifaximin. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 29:302-308. [PMID: 27977438 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sleep disorders are frequently reported in patients with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This study assessed the effect of rifaximin on sleep architecture parameters in patients with recurrent HE. PATIENTS AND METHODS This sequential, prospective, and exploratory study involved all patients with cirrhosis and recurrent HE admitted between June 2014 and September 2015. HE was assessed according to the West-Haven Classification. Patients underwent 24-h polysomnography (PSG) and 7-day actigraphy. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was considered to be an indicator of good sleep quality. Patients completed questionnaires assessing the quality of sleep and sleepiness. After a 28-day course of rifaximin, the same assessment was repeated. RESULTS Fifteen patients were included (nine men, mean age: 57±11 years). Child-Pugh scores ranged from B7 to C15. Before rifaximin, the mean HE score was 2.7±0.7. Data from PSG analysis indicated long total sleep time (TST): 571±288 min, and limited REM sleep: 2.5% TST (0-19). Seven-day actigraphy showed an impaired number of steps: 1690/24 h (176-6945). Questionnaires indicated that patients experienced impaired sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. After rifaximin, HE scores decreased to 1.7±0.6 (P<0.001). REM sleep increased to 8.5% TST (0-25) (P=0.003). No changes were observed for TST, number of steps, and on questionnaires. CONCLUSION Patients with recurrent HE suffer from poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. On 24-h PSG, rifaximin improves objective sleep architecture parameters with no changes in the subjective quality of sleep and sleepiness.
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Wey D, Garefelt J, Fischer FM, Moreno CR, Lowden A. Individual differences in the sleep/wake cycle of Arctic flexitime workers. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1422-1432. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1227331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Wey
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johanna Garefelt
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frida M. Fischer
- School of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia R. Moreno
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Public Health, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arne Lowden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Gu F, Xiao Q, Chu LW, Yu K, Matthews CE, Hsing AW, Caporaso NE. Sleep Duration and Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161561. [PMID: 27611440 PMCID: PMC5017779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very few studies have examined sleep duration in relation to cancer incidence with the exception of breast cancer. Methods We assessed the associations between sleep duration and incidences of total and 18 site-specific cancers in the NIH-AARP Health and Diet Study cohort, with 173,327 men and 123,858 women aged 51–72 years at baseline. Self-reported sleep duration categories were assessed via questionnaire. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using 7–8 hours/night as the reference. Results We observed a significantly increased risk of stomach cancer among male short sleepers (multivariable HR5-6 vs. 7–8 hours = 1.29; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.59; Ptrend = 0.03). We also observed suggestive associations in either short or long sleepers, which did not reach overall significance (Ptrend >0.05), including increased risks in male short sleepers for cancers of head and neck (HR<5vs.7-8 hours = 1.39; 95%CI:1.00–1.95), bladder (HR5-6vs.7-8 hours = 1.10; 95%CI:1.00–1.20), thyroid (HR<5 vs. 7–8 hours = 2.30; 95%CI:1.06, 5.02), Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (HR5-6vs.7-8 hours = 1.17; 95%CI:1.02–1.33), and myeloma (HR<5vs.7-8 hours = 2.06; 95%CI:1.20–3.51). In women, the suggestive associations include a decreased total cancer risk (HR<5vs.7-8 hours = 0.9; 95%CI:0.83–0.99) and breast cancer risk (HR<5vs.7-8 hours = 0.84; 95%CI:0.71–0.98) among short sleepers. A decreased ovarian cancer risk (HR≥ 9 vs. 7–8 hours = 0.50; 95%CI:0.26–0.97) and an increased NHL risk (HR≥ 9 vs. 7–8 hours = 1.45; 95%CI:1.00–2.11) were observed among long sleepers. Conclusion In an older population, we observed an increased stomach cancer risk in male short sleepers and suggestive associations with short or long sleep duration for many cancer risks in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Qian Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa W. Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Neil E. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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20
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Relationships Among Daytime Napping and Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. Cancer Nurs 2016; 39:383-92. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Are nappers unhealthy? Menopause 2016; 23:938-41. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Bianchi MT, Kim S, Galvan T, White DP, Joffe H. Nocturnal Hot Flashes: Relationship to Objective Awakenings and Sleep Stage Transitions. J Clin Sleep Med 2016; 12:1003-9. [PMID: 26951410 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES While women report sleep interruption secondary to nighttime hot flashes, the sleep disrupting impact of nocturnal hot flashes (HF) is not well characterized. We utilized a model of induced HF to investigate the relationship of nighttime HF to sleep architecture and sleep-stage transitions. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy, premenopausal volunteers received the depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) leuprolide to rapidly induce menopause, manifesting with HF. Sleep disruption was measured on 2 polysomnograms conducted before and after 4-5 weeks on leuprolide, when HF had developed. RESULTS 165 HF episodes were recorded objectively during 48 sleep studies (mean 3.4 HF/night). After standardizing to sleep-stage time distribution, the majority of HF were recorded during wake (51.0%) and stage N1 (18.8%). Sixty-six percent of HF occurred within 5 minutes of an awakening, with 80% occurring just before or during the awakening. Objective HF were not associated with sleep disruption as measured by increased transitions to wake or N1, but self-reported nocturnal HF correlated with an increase from pre- to post-leuprolide in the rate of transitions to wake (p = 0.01), and to N1 (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS By isolating the effect of HF on sleep in women without the confound of age-related sleep changes associated with natural menopause, this experimental model shows that HF arise most commonly during N1 and wake, typically preceding or occurring simultaneously with wake episodes. Perception of HF, but not objective HF, is linked to increased sleep-stage transitions, suggesting that sleep disruption increases awareness of and memory for nighttime HF events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01116401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt T Bianchi
- Sleep Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Semmie Kim
- Women's Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thania Galvan
- Women's Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David P White
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Women's Hormones and Aging Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Women's Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Rabat A, Gomez-Merino D, Roca-Paixao L, Bougard C, Van Beers P, Dispersyn G, Guillard M, Bourrilhon C, Drogou C, Arnal PJ, Sauvet F, Leger D, Chennaoui M. Differential Kinetics in Alteration and Recovery of Cognitive Processes from a Chronic Sleep Restriction in Young Healthy Men. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:95. [PMID: 27242464 PMCID: PMC4876616 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction (CSR) induces neurobehavioral deficits in young and healthy people with a morning failure of sustained attention process. Testing both the kinetic of failure and recovery of different cognitive processes (i.e., attention, executive) under CSR and their potential links with subject's capacities (stay awake, baseline performance, age) and with some biological markers of stress and anabolism would be useful in order to understand the role of sleep debt on human behavior. Twelve healthy subjects spent 14 days in laboratory with 2 baseline days (B1 and B2, 8 h TIB) followed by 7 days of sleep restriction (SR1-SR7, 4 h TIB), 3 sleep recovery days (R1-R3, 8 h TIB) and two more ones 8 days later (R12-R13). Subjective sleepiness (KSS), maintenance of wakefulness latencies (MWT) were evaluated four times a day (10:00, 12:00 a.m. and 2:00, 4:00 p.m.) and cognitive tests were realized at morning (8:30 a.m.) and evening (6:30 p.m.) sessions during B2, SR1, SR4, SR7, R2, R3 and R13. Saliva (B2, SR7, R2, R13) and blood (B1, SR6, R1, R12) samples were collected in the morning. Cognitive processes were differently impaired and recovered with a more rapid kinetic for sustained attention process. Besides, a significant time of day effect was only evidenced for sustained attention failures that seemed to be related to subject's age and their morning capacity to stay awake. Executive processes were equally disturbed/recovered during the day and this failure/recovery process seemed to be mainly related to baseline subject's performance and to their capacity to stay awake. Morning concentrations of testosterone, cortisol and α-amylase were significantly decreased at SR6-SR7, but were either and respectively early (R1), tardily (after R2) and not at all (R13) recovered. All these results suggest a differential deleterious and restorative effect of CSR on cognition through biological changes of the stress pathway and subject's capacity (ClinicalTrials-NCT01989741).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Rabat
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Laura Roca-Paixao
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; University of Paris 11Orsay, France
| | - Clément Bougard
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Garance Dispersyn
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Department of Operational Environments, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA) Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Catherine Drogou
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Pierrick J Arnal
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Damien Leger
- VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France; Alertness and Sleep Center, Hôtel Dieu de Paris, Public Assistance of Paris Hospitals, University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Operational Constraints, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA)Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; VIFASOM team (EA 7330), University of Paris 5 DescartesParis, France
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Airhihenbuwa C, Iwelunmor J, Ezepue C, Williams N, Jean-Louis G. I sleep, because we sleep: a synthesis on the role of culture in sleep behavior research. Sleep Med 2016; 18:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yunus FM, Khan S, Akter T, Jhohura FT, Reja S, Islam A, Rahman M. How many hours do people sleep in Bangladesh? A country-representative survey. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:365-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Yunus
- Research and Evaluation Division; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
- James P. Grant School of Public Health; BRAC University; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Safayet Khan
- Research and Evaluation Division; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Tahera Akter
- Research and Evaluation Division; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Saifur Reja
- Tuberculosis Control Programme; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Akramul Islam
- Tuberculosis Control Programme; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Programme; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
- Disaster Environment and Climate Change Programme; BRAC; Dhaka Bangladesh
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26
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Axelsson J, Vyazovskiy VV. Banking Sleep and Biological Sleep Need. Sleep 2015; 38:1843-5. [PMID: 26564136 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Peng HL, Lorenz RA, Chang YP. Sleep Quality in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia. Clin Nurs Res 2015; 25:448-64. [DOI: 10.1177/1054773815610747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality in family caregivers may impact their health status and cause quality of life to decline. Nurses are conducting an increasing number of studies that use sleep quality or related concepts as a main indicator to assess caregiver’s sleep. Therefore, a clear understanding of sleep quality and how it is different from other relevant sleep domains is essential. This article aimed to analyze the concept of sleep quality using the steps outlined by Walker and Avant. Findings include (a) attributes of sleep quality including subjective perception of sleep, sleep hours, and evaluation of activity after awaking; (b) antecedents of sleep quality including the ability to get naturally into the sleep cycle and status of conscious state; and (c) consequences of sleep quality including bio-psycho-social and global dimensions of health. This article intends to help clinicians and researchers better understand and define sleep quality in dementia caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Ling Peng
- Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ping Chang
- The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
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Yetish G, Kaplan H, Gurven M, Wood B, Pontzer H, Manger PR, Wilson C, McGregor R, Siegel JM. Natural sleep and its seasonal variations in three pre-industrial societies. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2862-2868. [PMID: 26480842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How did humans sleep before the modern era? Because the tools to measure sleep under natural conditions were developed long after the invention of the electric devices suspected of delaying and reducing sleep, we investigated sleep in three preindustrial societies [1-3]. We find that all three show similar sleep organization, suggesting that they express core human sleep patterns, most likely characteristic of pre-modern era Homo sapiens. Sleep periods, the times from onset to offset, averaged 6.9-8.5 hr, with sleep durations of 5.7-7.1 hr, amounts near the low end of those industrial societies [4-7]. There was a difference of nearly 1 hr between summer and winter sleep. Daily variation in sleep duration was strongly linked to time of onset, rather than offset. None of these groups began sleep near sunset, onset occurring, on average, 3.3 hr after sunset. Awakening was usually before sunrise. The sleep period consistently occurred during the nighttime period of falling environmental temperature, was not interrupted by extended periods of waking, and terminated, with vasoconstriction, near the nadir of daily ambient temperature. The daily cycle of temperature change, largely eliminated from modern sleep environments, may be a potent natural regulator of sleep. Light exposure was maximal in the morning and greatly decreased at noon, indicating that all three groups seek shade at midday and that light activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus is maximal in the morning. Napping occurred on <7% of days in winter and <22% of days in summer. Mimicking aspects of the natural environment might be effective in treating certain modern sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Yetish
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1210 Cheadle Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brian Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Charles Wilson
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ronald McGregor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jerome M Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111 Plummer Street, Los Angeles, CA 91343 USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Haba-Rubio J, Marques-Vidal P, Andries D, Tobback N, Preisig M, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Luca G, Tafti M, Heinzer R. Objective sleep structure and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population: the HypnoLaus Study. Sleep 2015; 38:391-400. [PMID: 25325467 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between objective sleep measures and metabolic syndrome (MS), hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING General population sample. PARTICIPANTS There were 2,162 patients (51.2% women, mean age 58.4 ± 11.1). INTERVENTIONS Patients were evaluated for hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, and MS, and underwent a full polysomnography (PSG). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS PSG measured variables included: total sleep time (TST), percentage and time spent in slow wave sleep (SWS) and in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, sleep efficiency and arousal index (ArI). In univariate analyses, MS was associated with decreased TST, SWS, REM sleep, and sleep efficiency, and increased ArI. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, drugs that affect sleep and depression, the ArI remained significantly higher, but the difference disappeared in patients without significant sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Differences in sleep structure were also found according to the presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity in univariate analysis. However, these differences were attenuated after multivariate adjustment and after excluding subjects with significant SDB. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based sample we found significant associations between sleep structure and MS, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. However, these associations were cancelled after multivariate adjustment. We conclude that normal variations in sleep contribute little if any to MS and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Haba-Rubio
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Andries
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Tobback
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Waeber
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gianina Luca
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne University, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Tafti
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne University, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Heinzer
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Pulmonary Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Prather AA, Vogelzangs N, Penninx BW. Sleep duration, insomnia, and markers of systemic inflammation: results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Psychiatr Res 2015; 60:95-102. [PMID: 25307717 PMCID: PMC4250403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation has emerged as a potential pathway linking depressive and anxiety disorders with disease risk. Short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia, are common among psychiatric populations and have previously been related to increased inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between sleep duration and insomnia with biomarkers of inflammation and to explore whether these associations varied by psychiatric diagnostic status. To this end, self-reported measures of sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-(IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were obtained in 2553 adults (aged 18-65 years) diagnosed with current/recent or remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls enrolled in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Regression analyses revealed associations between sleep duration and levels of CRP and IL-6 with higher levels observed in long sleepers. These associations remained statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical comorbidities, medication use, psychotropic medication use, and psychiatric diagnostic status. There were no clear associations between insomnia symptoms and levels of inflammation. Relationships between sleep duration and inflammation did not vary as a function of psychiatric diagnostic status. These findings suggest that elevated levels of systemic inflammation may represent a mechanism linking long sleep duration and disease risk among those with and without depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric A. Prather
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Nicole Vogelzangs
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Frange C, de Queiroz SS, da Silva Prado JM, Tufik S, de Mello MT. The impact of sleep duration on self-rated health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:107-13. [PMID: 26483912 PMCID: PMC4521644 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To review the association between sleep duration and self-rated health. Methods A search for original and review articles focusing on sleep duration and self-rated health was performed in PubMed. The general search strategy was [(“sleep duration” OR “total sleep time” OR “time in bed”) AND “self-rated health”]. Results We found 22 articles in the English language; 8 articles with no direct association between sleep duration and self-rated health were excluded. Of these articles, 14 were considered potentially relevant and examined in detail, and 9 were excluded for not having self-rated health as the primary outcome. This work was compounded by 5 papers. The extremes of sleep duration (short or long) exhibited an interaction with poor or worse self-rated health. Conclusion The sleep duration issue should be considered when inquiring about health conditions, as this factor can lead to adverse results in global health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Frange
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sandra Souza de Queiroz
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício (CEPE), São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício (CEPE), São Paulo, Brasil
- Correspondence to: Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925, Vila Clementino, SP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil. Tel.: +55 11 2149 0155; fax: +55 11 5572 5092.
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Léger D, Beck F, Richard JB, Sauvet F, Faraut B. The risks of sleeping "too much". Survey of a National Representative Sample of 24671 adults (INPES health barometer). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106950. [PMID: 25226585 PMCID: PMC4165901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A significant U-shaped association between sleep duration and several morbidity (obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular disease) and mortality risks has been regularly reported. However, although the physiological pathways and risks associated with “too short sleep” (<5 hours/day) have been well demonstrated, little is known about “too much sleeping”. Purpose To explore socio-demographic characteristics and comorbidities of “long sleepers” (over 10 hours/day) from a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods A cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 24,671 subjects from 15 to 85-year-old. An estimated total sleep time (TST) on non-leisure days was calculated based on a specifically designed sleep log which allows to distinguish “long sleepers” from “short sleepers” (<5 hours/day). Insomnia was assessed according to the International classification of sleep disorders (ICSD-2). Results The average TST was 7 hours and 13 minutes (+/− 17 minutes). Six hundred and twelve subjects were “long sleepers” (2.7%) and 1969 “short sleepers” (7.5%). Compared to the whole group, “long sleepers” were more often female, younger (15–25 year-old) or older (above 65 year-old), with no academic degree, mostly clerks and blue collar workers. “Long sleepers” were significantly more likely to have psychiatric diseases and a greater body mass index (BMI). However, long sleep was not significantly associated with the presence of any other chronic medical disease assessed. Conversely, short sleep duration was significantly associated with almost all the other chronic diseases assessed. Conclusions In the general population, sleeping too much was associated with psychiatric diseases and higher BMI, but not with other chronic medical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Léger
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - François Beck
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Equipe Cesames (centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société, Université Paris Descartes/CNRS UMR 8211/Inserm U988/EHESS), Cermes 3, Direction des Affaires Scientifiques INPES, Saint Denis, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Brice Faraut
- Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- VIFASOM, équipe d'accueil Vigilance Fatigue et Sommeil, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Leng Y, Wainwright NWJ, Cappuccio FP, Surtees PG, Luben R, Wareham N, Brayne C, Khaw KT. Self-reported sleep patterns in a British population cohort. Sleep Med 2014; 15:295-302. [PMID: 24503473 PMCID: PMC3988958 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep patterns have been linked to various health outcomes, but sleep patterns in the British population have not been extensively reported. We aimed to describe the sleep characteristics reported by the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk participants, with a particular emphasis on the comparison of measures of sleep quantity. METHODS From 2006 to 2007, a total of 8480 participants aged 45-90 years reported sleep timing, nighttime sleep duration, and sleep difficulties. Time in bed (TIB) was calculated from the difference between rise time and bedtime, and sleep proportion was defined as the ratio of sleep duration and TIB. RESULTS On average, the reported TIB was more than 1.5h longer than sleep durations. Compared to men, women spent 15 min longer in bed, but they slept for 11 min less and reported more sleep difficulties. In multivariate analysis sleep duration and TIB varied with socioeconomic factors, but sleep proportion was consistently lower among women, nonworkers, and older individuals, as well as those who were widowed, separated, or divorced; those who reported sleep difficulties and more frequently used sleep medication; and those who had lower education, poorer general health, or a major depressive disorder (MDD). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported sleep duration and TIB have different meanings and implications for health. Sleep proportion may be a useful indicator of sleep patterns in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Leng
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nick W J Wainwright
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Division of Mental Health and Well-being, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul G Surtees
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Randler C, Vollmer C. Aggression in Young Adults — A Matter of Short Sleep and Social Jetlag? Psychol Rep 2013; 113:754-65. [DOI: 10.2466/16.02.pr0.113x31z7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evening orientation and sleep duration have been linked with aggression and problematic behaviors, but no study has used an explicit aggression questionnaire. The present study used the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire based on physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility, as well as questionnaires on the timing of sleep and sleep duration to assess this relationship in young adult men. The Composite Scale of Morningness was used to assess circadian preference; sleep-wake variables (wake time and sleep onset time on weekdays and on weekend days) were used to calculate midpoint of sleep, social jetlag, and sleep duration. Results indicated that sleep duration correlated negatively with verbal aggression, physical aggression, and anger. Short sleepers were more aggressive. Using multivariate analysis of variance, shorter sleep duration was a significant predictor of verbal aggression and anger. Concerning physical aggression, social jetlag also contributed to the model. Morningness-eveningness was associated with the hostility scale with eveningness related to higher hostility. Men scored higher than women in physical and verbal aggression.
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Gonnissen HK, Adam TC, Hursel R, Rutters F, Verhoef SP, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Sleep duration, sleep quality and body weight: Parallel developments. Physiol Behav 2013; 121:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Adenekan B, Pandey A, McKenzie S, Zizi F, Casimir GJ, Jean-Louis G. Sleep in America: role of racial/ethnic differences. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:255-62. [PMID: 23348004 PMCID: PMC3644542 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sleep duration in America has gradually declined over the last four decades and appears to have reached a plateau for the last six years, with recent studies reporting that the population's current average sleep duration is approximately 6 h. In this paper, we examine epidemiologic and community-based data on sleep complaints reported by American adults, specifically addressing the role of race/ethnicity in the subjective report of sleep problems. Subjective and objective findings indicate that black (throughout the text, we use the term black in lieu of African American for there are instances where we refer to individuals with self-ascribed race/ethnicity as black, African American, African, or Caribbean American; the term white is used to denote individuals of European descent). Americans have higher rates of long (≥9 h) and short (≤5 h) sleep than their white counterparts, and this may mediate a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes among blacks. In addition, studies show mixed results on sleep complaints among blacks compared to those among other ethnicities. This paper explores factors that may contribute to racial/ethnic differences in sleep including intra-ethnic variation, cultural biases, genetics and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosede Adenekan
- Brooklyn Health Disparities Center, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, NY 11203-2098, USA
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Williams SJ, Coveney CM, Gabe J. Medicalisation or customisation? Sleep, enterprise and enhancement in the 24/7 society. Soc Sci Med 2013; 79:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Horne J. Working throughout the night: beyond 'sleepiness'--impairments to critical decision making. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2226-31. [PMID: 22935776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By the end of the first night on a 12h night-shift, wakefulness may have lasted up to 24h since the previous sleep. Although most work situations requiring critical decisions are foreseen and effectively resolved by well trained staff, such wakefulness can produce impairments in dealing with unexpected challenging situations involving uncertainty, change, distractions and capacity to evaluate risks. Also compromised can be the ability to engage in and keep abreast of protracted negotiations undertaken throughout the night. These effects, which are not just 'sleepiness', seem due to deteriorations with 'supervisory executive functions' of the prefrontal cortex; a region that appears particularly vulnerable to prolonged wakefulness. Recent research findings are presented to support this case, and some evidence-based recommendations made about practical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Horne
- Sleep Research Centre, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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Lesku JA, Rattenborg NC, Valcu M, Vyssotski AL, Kuhn S, Kuemmeth F, Heidrich W, Kempenaers B. Adaptive sleep loss in polygynous pectoral sandpipers. Science 2012; 337:1654-8. [PMID: 22878501 DOI: 10.1126/science.1220939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The functions of sleep remain elusive. Extensive evidence suggests that sleep performs restorative processes that sustain waking brain performance. An alternative view proposes that sleep simply enforces adaptive inactivity to conserve energy when activity is unproductive. Under this hypothesis, animals may evolve the ability to dispense with sleep when ecological demands favor wakefulness. Here, we show that male pectoral sandpipers (Calidris melanotos), a polygynous Arctic breeding shorebird, are able to maintain high neurobehavioral performance despite greatly reducing their time spent sleeping during a 3-week period of intense male-male competition for access to fertile females. Males that slept the least sired the most offspring. Our results challenge the view that decreased performance is an inescapable outcome of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Lesku
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
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40
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41
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Rutters F, Gonnissen HK, Hursel R, Lemmens SG, Martens EA, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36:1346-52. [PMID: 22234280 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Epidemiologically, an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration is observed. Intra-individual variance in the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been related to variance of metabolic and endocrine parameters, which are risk factors for the disturbance of energy balance (EB). OBJECTIVE To investigate inter-individual relationships between EB (EB= energy intake-energy expenditure∣, MJ/24 h), SWS or REM sleep, and relevant parameters in normal-weight men during two 48 h stays in the controlled environment of a respiration chamber. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 16 men (age 23±3.7 years, BMI 23.9±1.9 kg m(-2)) stayed in the respiration chamber twice for 48 h to assure EB. Electroencephalography was used to monitor sleep (2330-0730 hrs). Hunger and fullness were scored by visual analog scales; mood was determined by State Trait Anxiety Index-state and food reward by liking and wanting. Baseline blood and salivary samples were collected before breakfast. Subjects were fed in EB, except for the last dinner, when energy intake was ad libitum. RESULTS The subjects slept on average 441.8±49 min per night, and showed high within-subject reliability for the amount of SWS and REM sleep. Linear regression analyses showed that EB was inversely related to the amount of SWS (r=-0.43, P<0.03), and positively related to the amount of REM sleep (r=0.40, P<0.05). Relevant parameters such as hunger, reward, stress and orexigenic hormone concentrations were related to overeating, as well as to the amount of SWS and REM sleep, however, after inclusion of these parameters in a multiple regression, the amount of SWS and REM sleep did not add to the explained variance of EB, which suggests that due to their individual associations, these EB parameters are mediator variables. CONCLUSION A positive EB due to overeating, was explained by a smaller amount of SWS and higher amount of REM sleep, mediated by hunger, fullness, State Trait Anxiety Index-state scores, glucose/insulin ratio, and ghrelin and cortisol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rutters
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Basner M. Sleep duration and chronic sleep debt: are 6 hours enough? Biol Psychol 2011; 87:15-6. [PMID: 21354261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Basner
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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