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Arruda Sanchez T, Ramos LR, Araujo F, Schenberg EE, Yonamine M, Lobo I, de Araujo DB, Luna LE. Emotion regulation effects of Ayahuasca in experienced subjects during implicit aversive stimulation: An fMRI study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117430. [PMID: 37979818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayahuasca is a beverage used in Amazonian traditional medicine and it has been part of the human experience for millennia as well as other different psychoactive plants. Although Ayahuasca has been proposed as potentially therapeutic as an anxiolytic and antidepressant, whilst no studies have been carried out so far investigating their direct effect on brain emotional processing. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to measure the emotional acute effect of Ayahuasca on brain response to implicit aversive stimulation using a face recognition task in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen male experienced Ayahuasca users participated in this study in two fMRI sessions before and after 50 min of the Ayahuasca ingestion. Subjects were presented with pictures of neutral (A) and aversive (B) (fearful or disgusted) faces from the Pictures of Facial Affect Series. Subjects were instructed to identify the gender of the faces (gender discrimination task) while the emotional content was implicit. Subjective mood states were also evaluated before Ayahuasca intake and after the second fMRI session, using a visual analogue mood scale (VAMS). RESULTS During the aversive stimuli, the activity in the bilateral amygdala was attenuated by Ayahuasca (qFDR<0.05). Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis of the effects after intake, Ayahuasca enhances the activation in the insular cortex bilaterally, as well as in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (qFDR<0.05). In the psychometric VAMS scale, subjects reported attenuation of both anxiety and mental sedation (p < 0.01) during acute effects. CONCLUSIONS Together, all reported results including neuroimaging, behavioral data and psychometric self-report suggest that Ayahuasca can promote an emotion regulation mechanism in response to aversive stimuli with corresponding improved cognition including reduced anxiety and mental sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Arruda Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Rego Ramos
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Araujo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lobo
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Draulio Barros de Araujo
- Brain Institute / Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Luna
- Research Centre for the study of psychointegrator plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness - Wasiwaska, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Portugal LCL, Ramos TC, Fernandes O, Bastos AF, Campos B, Mendlowicz MV, da Luz M, Portella C, Berger W, Volchan E, David IA, Erthal F, Pereira MG, de Oliveira L. Machine learning applied to fMRI patterns of brain activation in response to mutilation pictures predicts PTSD symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:719. [PMID: 37798693 PMCID: PMC10552290 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to apply multivariate pattern recognition methods to predict posttraumatic stress symptoms from whole-brain activation patterns during two contexts where the aversiveness of unpleasant pictures was manipulated by the presence or absence of safety cues. METHODS Trauma-exposed participants were presented with neutral and mutilation pictures during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) collection. Before the presentation of pictures, a text informed the subjects that the pictures were fictitious ("safe context") or real-life scenes ("real context"). We trained machine learning regression models (Gaussian process regression (GPR)) to predict PTSD symptoms in real and safe contexts. RESULTS The GPR model could predict PTSD symptoms from brain responses to mutilation pictures in the real context but not in the safe context. The brain regions with the highest contribution to the model were the occipito-parietal regions, including the superior parietal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Additional analysis showed that GPR regression models accurately predicted clusters of PTSD symptoms, nominal intrusion, avoidance, and alterations in cognition. As expected, we obtained very similar results as those obtained in a model predicting PTSD total symptoms. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that machine learning applied to fMRI data collected in an aversive context can predict not only PTSD total symptoms but also clusters of PTSD symptoms in a more aversive context. Furthermore, this approach was able to identify potential biomarkers for PTSD, especially in occipitoparietal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Biomedical Center, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87 - Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Taiane Coelho Ramos
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
- Mídiacom Lab, Institute of Computing, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-310, Brazil
| | - Orlando Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Aline Furtado Bastos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Bruna Campos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vitor Mendlowicz
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Luz
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Carla Portella
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - William Berger
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Isabel Antunes David
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Fátima Erthal
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
- Linpes, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Venceslau Brás, 71 - Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Garcia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Prof. Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
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Zukerman G, Pinhas M, Icht M. Hypervigilance or shutdown? Electrophysiological processing of trauma-unrelated aversive stimuli after traumatic life events. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1185-1197. [PMID: 36847844 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) research indicates that hyper-reactivity to trauma-related stimuli reflects reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) modulation of amygdala reactivity. However, other studies indicate a dissociative "shutdown" reaction to overwhelming aversive stimuli, possibly reflecting PFC over-modulation. To explore this, we used an Event-Related Potential (ERP) oddball paradigm to study P3 responses in the presence of the following: 1. Trauma-unrelated morbid distractors (e.g., "injured bear") related to the Rorschach inkblot test, and 2. Negative distractors (e.g., "significant failure"), among participants with high post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS; n = 20), low PTS (n = 17), and controls (n = 15). Distractors were presented at 20% frequency amongst the more frequent (60%) neutral standard stimuli (e.g., "desk lamp") and the equally frequent (20%) neutral trauma-unrelated target stimulus ("golden fish"). P3 amplitudes were high in the presence of morbid distractors and low in the presence of negative distractors only amongst the control group. Possible mechanisms underlying the lack of P3 amplitude modulation after trauma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zukerman
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Michal Pinhas
- Department of Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michal Icht
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
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Botelho C, Pasion R, Prata C, Barbosa F. Neuronal underpinnings of the attentional bias toward threat in the anxiety spectrum: Meta-analytical data on P3 and LPP event-related potentials. Biol Psychol 2023; 176:108475. [PMID: 36503040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review analyzes brain responses at later stages of neuronal processing (P3 at 300-500 ms, and LPP at 300-700 ms). Both P3 and LPP are implicated in attentional threat bias in disorders grouped into fear and distress dimensions of the anxiety spectrum described by the Hierarchical Taxonomy Model of Psychopathology (HiTOP), but there are no consistent findings so far. METHOD Meta-analyses with between- (32 studies, n = 1631) and within-groups design (31 studies, n = 1699) were performed for assessing P3 and LPP modulation in negative, positive, and neutral stimuli, while also considering differences between controls and anxious individuals. Relevant moderators (e.g., age, sex, task) were controlled for and negative stimuli were further decomposed in terms of category (Relevant, Fear/Threat, or Unpleasant). RESULTS Increased P3 and LPP amplitudes were found for negative and positive stimuli, when compared to neutral stimuli (within-subjects analysis), confirming that both components are elicited by emotionally arousing information. Within-effects for negative and positive stimuli were higher for the anxious groups. Nonetheless, between-groups analyses showed that attentional threat bias occurs only in anxious groups when negative, personally relevant-threat information is presented. The HiTOP fear dimension moderated the findings. LIMITATIONS Potential missed studies; ERPs time windows' heterogeneity; adult sample only; the uneven number of computed effects; categorical analyses. CONCLUSION Attentional bias toward disorder-congruent threatening cues can be a transdiagnostic mechanism of HiTOP fear disorders, clustered within the anxiety spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Botelho
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Pasion
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-LAB), Lusófona University, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prata
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 535, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Granros M, MacNamara A, Klumpp H, Phan KL, Burkhouse KL. Neural reactivity to affective stimuli and internalizing symptom dimensions in a transdiagnostic patient sample. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:770-779. [PMID: 35848494 PMCID: PMC9729372 DOI: 10.1002/da.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) are highly comorbid and exhibit substantial overlap, such as aberrant affective reactivity. Neural reactivity to emotional images, measured via the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component, has been utilized to index affective reactivity in IPs. The LPP is often examined in isolation with a specific disorder, ignoring overlap between IPs. The current study examined how transdiagnostic IP symptom dimensions relate to neural affective reactivity in a highly comorbid patient sample. METHODS Participants (N = 99) completed a battery of IP symptom assessments as well as a target categorization task while viewing pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images during electroencephalography recording. ERPs to each image valence were averaged from 400 to 1000 ms following picture onset at pooled centroparietal and occipital electrodes to calculate the LPP. A principal components analysis performed on the IP symptom measures resulted in two factors: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Fear-based anxiety was associated with enhanced LPP reactivity to unpleasant, but not pleasant, images. Distress/misery was related to attenuated average LPP reactivity across images. CONCLUSIONS Results revealed a dissociable effect of IP symptom factors in a transdiagnostic sample such that enhanced reactivity to negative images was specific to enhanced fear-based anxiety symptoms while distress/misery symptoms predicted blunted affective reactivity. Neural affective reactivity may serve as an objective biological marker to elucidate the nature of psychological concerns in individuals with comorbid IPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Granros
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Texas A&M University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K. Luan Phan
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L. Burkhouse
- The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
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Webber HE, de Dios C, Wardle MC, Suchting R, Green CE, Schmitz JM, Lane SD, Versace F. Electrophysiological responses to emotional and cocaine cues reveal individual neuroaffective profiles in cocaine users. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:514-524. [PMID: 33630644 PMCID: PMC8406778 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smokers with stronger neuroaffective responses to drug-related cues compared to nondrug-related pleasant images (C > P) are more vulnerable to compulsive smoking than individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile (P > C). However, it is unknown if these neurobehavioral profiles exist in individuals abusing other drugs. We tested whether individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) show similar neuroaffective profiles to smokers. We also monitored eye movements to assess attentional bias toward cues and we further performed exploratory analyses on demographics, personality, and drug use between profiles. Participants with CUD (n = 43) viewed pleasant, unpleasant, cocaine, and neutral images while we recorded electroencephalogram. For each picture category, we computed the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential component that reflects motivational relevance. k-means clustering classified participants based on their LPP responses. In line with what has been observed in smokers, clustering participants using LPP responses revealed the presence of two groups: one with larger LPPs to pleasant images compared to cocaine images (P > C) and one group with larger LPPs to cocaine images compared to pleasant images (C > P). Individuals with the C > P reactivity profile also had higher attentional bias toward drug cues. The two groups did not differ on demographic and drug use characteristics, however individuals with the C > P profile reported lower distress tolerance, higher anhedonia, and higher posttraumatic stress symptoms compared to the P > C group. This is the first study to report the presence of these neuroaffective profiles in individuals with CUD, indicating that this pattern may cut across addiction populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Constanza de Dios
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Margaret C. Wardle
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert Suchting
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Charles E. Green
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,
Houston, TX
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas
MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Emotional processing prospectively modulates the impact of anxiety on COVID-19 pandemic-related post-traumatic stress symptoms: an ERP study. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:245-254. [PMID: 35172175 PMCID: PMC8842094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering that the elevated distress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, in some cases, led to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), it has been proposed as a specific traumatic event. The present longitudinal study investigated pre-pandemic motivated attention to emotional stimuli, as indexed by Late Positive Potential (LPP) amplitude, in relation with the potential differential role of anxiety and depressive symptoms in predicting PTSS severity related to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 79 university students initially completed self-report measures of depression and anxiety along with a passive viewing task of emotional (pleasant, unpleasant) and neutral pictures while electroencephaloghic activity was recorded. In December 2020, 57 participants completed a questionnaire assessing PTSS. RESULTS Significant interactions between anxiety and LPP emerged in predicting pandemic-related PTSS, where greater anxiety symptoms predicted PTSS only in individuals with greater LPP to unpleasant or with reduced LPP to pleasant stimuli. LIMITATIONS The prevalence of the female sex, the relatively young age of the participants, as well as the fact that they were all enrolled in a University course might not allow the generalization of the findings. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present longitudinal study provided novel evidence on EEG predictors of pandemic-related PTSS that might be useful for the prevention and treatment of PTSS. Indeed, assessing anxiety symptoms and pre-trauma LPP to emotional stimuli might be a useful target for identifying individuals that are more vulnerable to the development of PTSS during times of crisis.
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Shi X, Nie X, Wu J. The cortisol awakening response and the late positive potentials evoked by unpleasant emotional pictures in healthy adults. Stress 2022; 25:40-47. [PMID: 34882046 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) refers to a sharp rise in cortisol concentrations within the 45 min following morning awakening. Alterations in CAR have been associated with various internalizing symptoms and brain function. The current study aimed to investigate the association between CAR and neural activity in response to unpleasant emotional pictures. A total of 46 healthy adults (22.55 years ± 1.69) collected saliva samples at 0, 30, and 45 min post-awakening on two days to assess the CAR. In the afternoon after CAR measurement on the first day, electroencephalograms were recorded when the participants completed a passive viewing task. The results showed that a greater CAR was associated with a decreased late positive potential difference score between unpleasant and neutral stimuli. This finding indicates that a larger CAR may be associated with decreased attentional engagement to unpleasant emotional information in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shi
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Webber HE, Kessler DA, Lathan EC, Wardle MC, Green CE, Schmitz JM, Lane SD, Vujanovic AA. Posttraumatic stress symptom clusters differentially predict late positive potential to cocaine imagery cues in trauma-exposed adults with cocaine use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108929. [PMID: 34340161 PMCID: PMC8464512 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies have investigated the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on substance use, information on these associations in the context of drug cue reactivity is lacking, which can provide meaningful information about risk for relapse. The current study assessed the associations between PTSD symptom clusters and reactivity to cues in trauma-exposed adults with cocaine use disorder. METHODS We recorded electroencephalogram on 52 trauma-exposed participants (Mage = 51.3; SD = 7.0; 15.4 % women) diagnosed with cocaine use disorder while they viewed pleasant (i.e., erotic, romantic, sweet foods), unpleasant (i.e., mutilations, violence, accidents), neutral, and cocaine-related images. Reactivity was measured with the late positive potential (LPP), an indicator of motivational relevance. It was hypothesized that individuals with greater PTSD avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood (NACM) symptoms, as determined by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), would have higher LPPs to cocaine-related images, indicating greater cue reactivity. RESULTS Linear mixed modeling indicated that higher NACM symptomatology was associated with higher LPPs to cocaine cues and higher arousal/reactivity was associated with lower LPPs to cocaine cues. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential clinical utility of the LPP in assessing drug cue reactivity in trauma-exposed adults with substance use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Webber
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Emma C. Lathan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Margaret C. Wardle
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles E. Green
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science, Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joy M. Schmitz
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Scott D. Lane
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Ma Y, Peng H, Liu H, Gu R, Peng X, Wu J. Alpha frontal asymmetry underlies individual differences in reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in males. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13893. [PMID: 34216043 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
People vary in their responses to stress. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how alpha frontal asymmetry (AFA) measured in the resting state underlies the individual differences in psychological responses to acute psychosocial stress (e.g., increases in heart rate and cortisol) induced by the Trier social stress test. Forty-three healthy male adults were enrolled in this study. The results showed that the AFA score negatively predicted both heart rate and cortisol responses, that is relatively higher right-frontal activity during the resting state was related to a stronger physiological stress response. These results indicated that higher withdrawal motivation or effortful control is associated with a higher physiological stress response, which suggested that AFA in the resting state can serve as a biological predictor of acute stress responses in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanquan Ma
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huini Peng
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- United Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Peng
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Goldstein BL, Grasso DJ, McCarthy KJ, DiVietro S, Briggs-Gowan MJ. Neurophysiological patterns associated with blunted emotional face processing and withdrawal tendencies in young children exposed to intimate partner violence. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22154. [PMID: 34196402 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies linking child maltreatment to abnormal neurophysiological responses to emotional stimuli and mental health impairment have not specifically explored these patterns in young children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). The present study examined two neurophysiological indicators, resting-state electroencephalography and an emotion event-related potential (ERP) in 21 IPV exposed and 30 nonexposed children ages 4-6 years recruited from the community and domestic violence shelters. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) was assessed while at rest. FAA is often associated with avoidant/withdrawn behavior and increased risk of IPV-related mental health conditions (e.g., depression). Additionally, the late positive potential (LPP) ERP component, reflecting motivated attention, was acquired in the context of an age-appropriate affective oddball paradigm with low probability animal pictures as targets and human facial expressions (angry, happy, neutral) as distracters. Results demonstrated that IPV-exposed children, compared with nonexposed children, exhibited lower left FAA during resting state and reduced LPPs to oddball targets and affective faces relative to neutral faces in the oddball task. Together, these results suggest neural patterns associated with a blunted response to emotional stimuli and withdrawal tendencies, respectively, in young children exposed to IPV. Implications for emotional socialization in this vulnerable population are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Damion J Grasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly J McCarthy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susie DiVietro
- Injury Prevention Center, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret J Briggs-Gowan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Wang G, Wang P, Chen Y. Doctors inhibit social threat empathy in the later stage of cognitive processing: Electrophysiological evidence. Conscious Cogn 2021; 92:103130. [PMID: 34023646 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that repeatedly exposed to a threatening situation may reduce doctors' level of empathy, reducing psychological stress and avoiding burnout and compassion fatigue. However, many essential studies found that it does not seem universal but rather modulated by group membership. In this study, we recorded event-related potentials (ERP) when doctors and controls watched visual stimuli describing patients attacking doctors (Threat events) or shaking hands with doctors (Neutral events). The present study showed an early N190 and a later centro-parietal P3 differential amplitude between threat stimuli and neutral stimuli were observed in the controls. For the doctors, there was such ERP differentiation in early N190. However, later stage P3 differential amplitude was not observed. The current research suggests that doctors could regulate empathy and avoid allocating more attention resources when processing social threats to ensure treatment efficiency and avoid burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School of Education Science, Huaiyin Normal University, 111, West Changjiang Road, Huaiyin District, Huaian 223001, China; Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, 3663, Zhongshan North Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China.
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13
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Hiluy JC, David IA, Daquer AFC, Duchesne M, Volchan E, Appolinario JC. A Systematic Review of Electrophysiological Findings in Binge-Purge Eating Disorders: A Window Into Brain Dynamics. Front Psychol 2021; 12:619780. [PMID: 33995178 PMCID: PMC8116794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.619780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge-purge eating disorders (BP-ED), such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, may share some neurobiological features. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive measurement modality that may aid in research and diagnosis of BP-ED. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on EEG findings in BP-ED, seeking to summarize and analyze the current evidence, as well as identify shortcomings and gaps to inform new perspectives for future studies. Following PRISMA Statement recommendations, the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using terms related to “electroencephalography” and “binge-purge” eating disorders. Of 555 articles retrieved, 15 met predefined inclusion criteria and were included for full-text analysis. Eleven studies investigated EEG by means of event-related potentials (ERP) in BP-ED individuals: 7 using eating disorder-related stimuli (i.e., food, body image) and 4 using non-eating disorder-related stimuli (i.e., facial expressions or auditory clicks). These studies found significant differences in the N200, P200, P300, and LPP components in BP-ED participants compared to controls, indicating that this population exhibits impairments in selective attention, attentional allocation/processing, and allocation of motivational or emotion-based attention. Five studies investigated EEG using frequency analysis; reporting significant differences in beta activity in fronto-temporal and occipito-temporo-parietal areas in BP-ED individuals compared to controls, revealing a dysfunctional brain network. However, the small number of studies, the heterogeneity of samples, study paradigms, stimulus types, and the lack of an adequate assessment of neuropsychological parameters are some limitations of the current literature. Although some EEG data are promising and consistent with neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings in individuals with BP-ED, future studies need to overcome current methodological shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao C Hiluy
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel A David
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Adriana F C Daquer
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica Duchesne
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose C Appolinario
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,State Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Gama CMF, Portugal LCL, Gonçalves RM, de Souza Junior S, Vilete LMP, Mendlowicz MV, Figueira I, Volchan E, David IA, de Oliveira L, Pereira MG. The invisible scars of emotional abuse: a common and highly harmful form of childhood maltreatment. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33731084 PMCID: PMC7968325 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) is unfortunately widespread globally and has been linked with an increased risk of a variety of psychiatric disorders in adults, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These associations are well established in the literature for some maltreatment forms, such as sexual and physical abuse. However, the effects of emotional maltreatment are much less explored, even though this type figures among the most common forms of childhood maltreatment. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of each type of childhood maltreatment, both individually and conjointly, on revictimization and PTSD symptom severity using a nonclinical college student sample. METHODS Five hundred and two graduate and undergraduate students participated in the study by completing questionnaires assessing lifetime traumatic experiences in general, maltreatment during childhood and PTSD symptoms. Bivariate and multivariate negative binomial regressions were applied to examine the associations among childhood maltreatment, revictimization, and PTSD symptom severity. RESULTS Our results showed that using bivariate models, all types of CM were significantly associated with revictimization and PTSD symptom severity. Multivariate models showed that emotional abuse was the type of maltreatment associated with the highest incidence rates of revictimization and PTSD symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS These data provide additional evidence of the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment and its long-term consequences for individuals' mental health. Notably, the findings highlight the importance of studying the impacts of emotional abuse, which seems to be a highly prevalent, understudied, and chronic form of maltreatment that is as toxic as other maltreatment forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Monteiro Fabricio Gama
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Liana Catarina Lima Portugal
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Raquel Menezes Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Souza Junior
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Liliane Maria Pereira Vilete
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa em Estresse, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Venceslau Bras 71, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vitor Mendlowicz
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa em Estresse, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Venceslau Bras 71, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-140, Brazil
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ivan Figueira
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa em Estresse, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Venceslau Bras 71, Rio de Janeiro, 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Isabel Antunes David
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Garcia Pereira
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento (LABNEC), Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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15
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Busatto G, Rosa PG, Serpa MH, Squarzoni P, Duran FL. Psychiatric neuroimaging research in Brazil: historical overview, current challenges, and future opportunities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:83-101. [PMID: 32520165 PMCID: PMC7861184 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The last four decades have witnessed tremendous growth in research studies applying neuroimaging methods to evaluate pathophysiological and treatment aspects of psychiatric disorders around the world. This article provides a brief history of psychiatric neuroimaging research in Brazil, including quantitative information about the growth of this field in the country over the past 20 years. Also described are the various methodologies used, the wealth of scientific questions investigated, and the strength of international collaborations established. Finally, examples of the many methodological advances that have emerged in the field of in vivo neuroimaging are provided, with discussion of the challenges faced by psychiatric research groups in Brazil, a country of limited resources, to continue incorporating such innovations to generate novel scientific data of local and global relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Busatto
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro G. Rosa
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Squarzoni
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. Duran
- Laboratório de Neuroimagem em Psiquiatria (LIM 21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Macatee RJ, Burkhouse KL, Afshar K, Schroth C, Aase DM, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Phan KL. Psychometric properties of the late positive potential in combat-exposed veterans. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 161:13-26. [PMID: 33450313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trauma exposure is prevalent, associated with multiple forms of psychopathology, and thought to alter the neurobiological substrates of threat processing. The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) that may be a clinically useful probe of the neurobiology of threat processing. Despite evidence that combat-exposed veterans exhibit aberrant threat modulation of the LPP, no studies to date have tested the psychometric properties of the LPP in combat trauma-exposed, symptomatic veterans. The primary aim of the current study was to evaluate the reliability (internal consistency, retest reliability) and convergent validity of LPP modulation by threatening faces and scenes in two common tasks among combat-exposed veterans. Participants included 82 combat-exposed veterans who completed face-matching and emotion regulation tasks during EEG recording at baseline and twelve weeks. Internal consistencies of the early LPP time windows (<1000 ms) were acceptable in both tasks, whereas they were poor in late time windows (>1000 ms). Twelve-week retest reliabilities were fair for the early window LPPs to threatening scenes and fear faces, as well as in the late time window for fear faces. Reliabilities were better for individual condition compared to difference scores. Finally, LPPs modulated by threatening scenes and faces were unrelated. Together, these results suggest that the LPPs to threatening scenes and faces reflect distinct forms of threat processing in combat-exposed veterans, and their reliabilities for the early window indicate potential clinical utility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Macatee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, United States of America.
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, United States of America
| | - Christopher Schroth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America
| | - Darren M Aase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States of America; College of Health & Human Services, Governors State University, United States of America
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, United States of America
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, United States of America
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17
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Miller LN, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Forbes D, Felmingham K. The impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on event-related potentials in affective and non-affective paradigms: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:120-142. [PMID: 33383070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with neural processing deficits affecting early automatic and later conscious processing. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) are high resolution indices of automatic and conscious processing, but there are no meta-analyses that have examined automatic and conscious ERPs in PTSD across multiple paradigms. This systematic review examined 69 studies across affective and non-affective auditory and visual paradigms. Individuals with PTSD were compared to trauma-exposed and non-trauma controls on ERPs reflecting automatic (N1, P1, N2, P2) and conscious (P3, LPP) processing. Trauma exposure was associated with increased automatic ERP amplitudes to irrelevant auditory information. PTSD further showed increased automatic and conscious allocation of resources to affective information, reduced automatic attending and classification as well as reduced attention processing and working memory updating of non-affective information. Therefore, trauma exposure is associated with enhanced early processing of incoming stimuli, and PTSD with enhanced processing of affective stimuli and impaired processing of non-affective stimuli. This review highlights the need for longitudinal ERP studies in PTSD, adopting standardized procedures and methodological designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Miller
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Phoenix Australia, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Seligowski AV, Reffi AN, Phillips KA, Orcutt HK, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Ressler KJ. Neurophysiological responses to safety signals and the role of cardiac vagal control. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112914. [PMID: 32976862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in safety signal learning are well-established in fear-related disorders (e.g., PTSD, phobias). The current study used a fear conditioning paradigm to test associations among eye blink startle and event-related brain potential (ERP) latency measures of safety signal learning, as well as the role of cardiac vagal control (a measure of top-down inhibition necessary for safety learning). METHODS Participants were 49 trauma-exposed women ages 17 to 28 years. Eyeblink startle response and ERP amplitudes/latencies were derived for conditioned stimuli associated (CS+) and not associated (CS-) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus. ERPs included the P100 and late positive potential (LPP), which index early visual processing and sustained emotional encoding, respectively. Cardiac vagal control was assessed with resting heart rate variability (HRV). RESULTS P100 and LPP latencies for the CS- (safety signal stimulus) were significantly negatively associated with startle to the CS-, but not the CS + . LPP CS- latencies were significantly negatively associated with PTSD Intrusion scores, and this relationship was moderated by vagal control, such that the effect was only present among those with low HRV. CONCLUSIONS ERP-based markers of safety signal learning were associated with startle response to the CS- (but not CS+) and PTSD symptoms, indicating that these markers may have relevance for fear-related disorders. Cardiac vagal control indexed by HRV is a moderating factor in these associations and may be relevant to safety signal learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia V Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Anthony N Reffi
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | | | - Holly K Orcutt
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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19
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Lobo I, Campagnoli RR, Figueira JS, Andrade I, Figueira I, Gama C, Gonçalves RM, Keil A, Pereira MG, Volchan E, Oliveira L, David IA. Hidden wounds of violence: Abnormal motor oscillatory brain activity is related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Neuroimage 2020; 224:117404. [PMID: 32971264 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Victims of urban violence are at risk of developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), one of the most debilitating consequences of violence. Considering that PTSD may be associated with inefficient selection of defensive responses, it is important to understand the relation between motor processing and PTSD. The present study aims to investigate the extent to which the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) is related to motor preparation against visual threat cues in victims of urban violence. Participants performed a choice reaction time task while ignoring a picture that could be threating or neutral. The EEG indices extracted were the motor-related amplitude asymmetry (MRAA) in the alpha frequency range, and the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). We observed a linear relation between longer LRP latency and a slower reaction time, selectively during threat processing (compared to neutral) in low PTSS, but not in high PTSS participants. Alpha MRAA suppression and the PTSS were also linearly related: the smaller the alpha MRAA suppression in the threat condition relative to neutral, the greater the PTSS. These results provide evidence that threatening cues affect motor processing that is modulated by the severity of PTSS in victims of urban violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Lobo
- Grupo de Psicobiologia, Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia. Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela R Campagnoli
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Figueira
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Isabela Andrade
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan Figueira
- Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa do Estresse. Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Gama
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Andreas Keil
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Mirtes G Pereira
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia II. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Isabel A David
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia do Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, Niterói, RJ 24210-130, Brazil; Departamento de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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20
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Kim YW, Kim S, Shim M, Jin MJ, Jeon H, Lee SH, Im CH. Riemannian classifier enhances the accuracy of machine-learning-based diagnosis of PTSD using resting EEG. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109960. [PMID: 32376342 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, objective and automated methods for the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have attracted increasing attention. However, previous studies on machine-learning-based diagnosis of PTSD with resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) have reported poor accuracies of as low as 60%. Here, a Riemannian geometry-based classifier, the Fisher geodesic minimum distance to the mean (FgMDM), was employed for PTSD classification for the first time. Eyes-closed resting-state EEG data of 39 healthy individuals and 42 PTSD patients were used for the analysis. EEG source activities in 148 cortical regions were parcellated based on the Destrieux atlas, and their covariances were evaluated for each individual. Thirty epochs of preprocessed EEG were employed to calculate source activities. In addition, the FgMDM approach was applied to each EEG source covariance to construct the classifier. For a comparison, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) classifiers employing source band powers and network features as feature candidates were also tested. The FgMDM classifier showed an average classification accuracy of 75.240.80%. In contrast, the maximum accuracies of LDA, SVM, and RF classifiers were 66.54 ± 2.99%, 61.11 ± 2.98%, and 60.99 ± 2.19%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of PTSD with resting-state EEG could be significantly improved by employing the FgMDM framework, which is a type of Riemannian geometry-based classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Wook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Min Jin Jin
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Boals A, Contractor AA, Blumenthal H. The utility of college student samples in research on trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: A critical review. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 73:102235. [PMID: 32464542 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a widespread notion of the 'college sophomore problem' in social science research that posits that college student samples are samples of convenience with little generalizability to the general population. To address this concern, we conducted a critical review of the literature on college student samples in trauma research. Specifically, we reviewed how college student samples differ from non-college samples in four key areas of trauma research: (1) exposure rates to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), (2) prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, (3) factor structure of PTSD symptoms, and (4) PTSD's relation with common markers, correlates, and consequences. Lastly, we discussed the value and advantages of using college student samples in trauma research. Results of the critical review indicated similar trends of trauma-related findings (Points 1-4) between college student samples and both U.S. nationally collected and treatment-seeking samples; specifically, we identified a comparable lifetime PTE exposure rate, comparable rates of PTSD, a comparable factor structure of PTSD symptoms, and a comparable pattern of associations between PTSD symptoms and post-trauma markers/correlates/consequences. Although trauma-exposed college student samples are biased in some key areas, they may be no more biased than other commonly used trauma samples (e.g. epidemiological, treatment-seeking). Results of this critical review highlight the need to re-examine potentially unfounded biases on the part of the trauma research community, as well as the need to consider advantages of using college student samples in trauma research.
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22
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Viana Machado A, Volchan E, Figueira I, Aguiar C, Xavier M, Souza GGL, Sobral AP, de Oliveira L, Mocaiber I. Association between habitual use of coping strategies and posttraumatic stress symptoms in a non-clinical sample of college students: A Bayesian approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228661. [PMID: 32027699 PMCID: PMC7004336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the influences of coping styles on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among a sample of non-clinical college students who were exposed to traumatic events. Ninety-nine college students participated in the study. However, the sample used in the analyses consisted of only 37 participants who fulfilled the DSM-IV criterion A for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Brief COPE were used to assess the participants' PTSS and habitual use of coping strategies, respectively. Bayesian and frequentist correlations showed that emotion-focused coping style was negatively associated with PTSS, while dysfunctional coping style was positively related to PTSS. In the subsequent linear regression on both statistical framework, dysfunctional coping was the only consistent variable predicting more PTSD symptoms. The findings presented here show that lower use of adaptive coping (emotion-focused) and higher use of dysfunctional coping styles on a daily basis are associated to PTSS severity in a non-clinical sample of college students. According to the Bayesian approach, which permits more generalization of data, dysfunctional coping style is determinant to higher levels of PTSS. These findings add new data to the body of research that highlight the critical role of distinct coping strategies in the severity of PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Viana Machado
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology II, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan Figueira
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Aguiar
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Xavier
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G. L. Souza
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sobral
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurophysiology, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mocaiber
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
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Macatee RJ, Burkhouse KL, Afshar K, Schroth C, Aase DM, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Phan KL. Nonlinear relations between post-traumatic stress symptoms and electrocortical reactivity during emotional face processing in combat-exposed veterans. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13423. [PMID: 31228269 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Combat-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are prevalent among recently deployed veterans, making identification of biomarkers of PTSS in this population a public health priority. Given the link between threat processing neurobiology and PTSS, the threat-related late positive potential (LPP), an ERP reflective of attentional processing sensitive to emotion and its regulation, may have utility as a cost-effective biomarker. Existing PTSS/threat-related LPP findings are mixed, possibly due to variability in PTSS across samples, but this has never been explicitly tested. To address this gap, LPP amplitudes to angry, fearful, and happy emotional face stimuli were recorded among 81 combat-exposed veterans at a VA hospital. A quadratic relationship between self-reported PTSS and LPP amplitude modulation by angry faces emerged such that greater PTSS was related to a decreased LPP response to angry faces among veterans with subthreshold PTSD and an enhanced LPP response to angry faces among veterans with probable PTSD. These results suggest that prior mixed findings may be due to variability in PTSS severity. In addition, exploratory moderation analysis revealed that PTSS was positively associated with late LPP modulation for veterans reporting low cognitive reappraisal use and negatively associated with late LPP modulation for veterans reporting high cognitive reappraisal use. All results were specific to the 1,000-3,000 ms LPP time window. Thus, the functional nature of LPP modulation by direct threat cues may depend upon PTSS severity and/or related variables (e.g., cognitive reappraisal utilization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Macatee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher Schroth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Darren M Aase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- College of Health & Human Services, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Proescher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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24
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Zukerman G, Pinhas M, Ben-Itzhak E, Fostick L. Reduced electrophysiological habituation to novelty after trauma reflects heightened salience network detection. Neuropsychologia 2019; 134:107226. [PMID: 31618619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Event-Related Potential (ERP) studies of PTSD have reported enhanced P3 amplitudes in response to trauma-related stimuli that are less likely to habituate over time. METHODS In the present study, we compared ERPs to the first and last half of an auditory novelty oddball task using neutral (trauma-unrelated) stimuli. Participants were 59 young students who were: trauma-exposed with "Probable PTSD", trauma-exposed without PTSD, or non-traumatized controls. RESULTS Reduced P3 amplitudes were observed for the last half of the trials for the entire sample, but this habituation was less profound for both trauma-exposed groups, demonstrating reduced habituation over time. Arousal symptom severity and trauma history negatively correlated with P3 amplitude habituation across the entire sample. Reduced N1 amplitudes for the last half of the trials were found in both trauma-exposed groups, but not among controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that trauma-exposed individuals exhibit information processing alterations in response to neutral environmental stimuli that may be related to a general pattern of heightened activity of the Salience Network. Implications for the neurobiological model of PTSD and PTSD psychotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zukerman
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Israel.
| | - Michal Pinhas
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Leah Fostick
- Department of Communication Disorders, Ariel University, Israel
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25
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Butt M, Espinal E, Aupperle RL, Nikulina V, Stewart JL. The Electrical Aftermath: Brain Signals of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Filtered Through a Clinical Lens. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:368. [PMID: 31214058 PMCID: PMC6555259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to identify patterns of electrical signals identified using electroencephalography (EEG) linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptom dimensions. We filter EEG findings through a clinical lens, evaluating nuances in findings according to study criteria and participant characteristics. Within the EEG frequency domain, greater right than left parietal asymmetry in alpha band power is the most promising marker of PTSD symptoms and is linked to exaggerated physiological arousal that may impair filtering of environmental distractors. The most consistent findings within the EEG time domain focused on event related potentials (ERPs) include: 1) exaggerated frontocentral responses (contingent negative variation, mismatch negativity, and P3a amplitudes) to task-irrelevant distractors, and 2) attenuated parietal responses (P3b amplitudes) to task-relevant target stimuli. These findings suggest that some individuals with PTSD suffer from attention dysregulation, which could contribute to problems concentrating on daily tasks and goals in lieu of threatening distractors. Future research investigating the utility of alpha asymmetry and frontoparietal ERPs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers or intervention targets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamona Butt
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Valentina Nikulina
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.,Department of Community Medicine, Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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26
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Seligowski AV, Bondy E, Singleton P, Orcutt HK, Ressler KJ, Auerbach RP. Testing neurophysiological markers related to fear-potentiated startle. Psychiatry Res 2018; 267:195-200. [PMID: 29913378 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigms provide insight into fear learning mechanisms that contribute to impairment among individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Electrophysiology also has provided insight into these mechanisms through the examination of event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the P100 and LPP. It remains unclear, however, whether the P100 and LPP may be related to fear learning processes within the FPS paradigm. To this end, we tested differences in ERP amplitudes for conditioned stimuli associated (CS+) and not associated (CS-) with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear acquisition. Participants included 54 female undergraduate students (mean age = 20.26). The FPS response was measured via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle. EEG data were collected during the FPS paradigm. While the difference between CS+ and CS- P100 amplitude was not significant, LPP amplitudes were significantly enhanced following the CS+ relative to CS-. Furthermore, the LPP difference wave (CS+ minus CS-) was associated with FPS scores for the CS- during the later portion of fear acquisition. These findings suggest that conditioned stimuli may have altered emotional encoding (LPP) during the FPS paradigm. Thus, the LPP may be a promising neurophysiological marker that is related to fear learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia V Seligowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Erin Bondy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paris Singleton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Holly K Orcutt
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, New York, NY USA
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27
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Zukerman G, Fostick L, Ben‐Itzchak E. Early automatic hyperarousal in response to neutral novel auditory stimuli among trauma‐exposed individuals with and without PTSD: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13217. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Zukerman
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health SciencesAriel UniversityAriel Israel
| | - Leah Fostick
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health SciencesAriel UniversityAriel Israel
| | - Ester Ben‐Itzchak
- Department of Communication Disorders, School of Health SciencesAriel UniversityAriel Israel
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28
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Neurophysiological Response to Olfactory Stimuli in Combat Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2018; 206:423-428. [PMID: 29781888 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for a better understanding of underlying pathology in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to develop more effective treatments. The late positive potential (LPP) amplitude from electroencephalogram has been used to assess individual differences in emotional reactivity. There is evidence that olfaction is particularly important in emotional processing in PTSD. The current study examined LPP amplitudes in response to olfactory stimuli in 24 combat veterans with PTSD and 24 nonmilitary/non-PTSD controls. An olfactometer delivered three negatively valenced odorants, with 12 trials of each delivered in a random order. The groups did not differ in LPP amplitude across odorants. However, within the PTSD group, higher Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale scores related to an increased LPP amplitude after diesel fuel and rotten egg, but not n_butanol, odorants. Results provide specific targets and theory for further research into clinical applications such as selection of idiographic odorants for use in virtual-reality exposure therapy.
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29
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Fitzgerald JM, Gorka SM, Kujawa A, DiGangi JA, Proescher E, Greenstein JE, Aase DM, Schroth C, Afshar K, Kennedy AE, Hajcak G, Phan KL. Neural indices of emotional reactivity and regulation predict course of PTSD symptoms in combat-exposed veterans. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 82:255-262. [PMID: 29122638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
After diagnosis, veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display significant variability in the natural course of illness (Bonanno et al., 2012)). Cross-sectional work reveals that abnormal neural response during emotion reactivity-measured using the late positive potential (LPP)-correlates with PTSD symptom severity; however, whether the LPP during emotional reactivity and regulation predicts symptoms over time is unknown. The current study examined the LPP during emotion reactivity and regulation as predictors of PTSD symptoms over one year in OEF/OIF/OND combat-exposed veterans. At baseline, participants completed an Emotion Regulation Task (ERT) during electroencephalogram recording. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was completed at baseline (N=86), 6-months (N=54) and 1-year (N=49) later. During ERT, participants viewed negative pictures; partway through they were instructed to "reappraise" (i.e., reduce negative affect/regulate) or "look" (i.e., passively react). Change in LPP during emotional reactivity (ΔLPP-E) and reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) were calculated and used in multilevel mixed modeling to predict CAPS over time. Findings demonstrated that deficiency in reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) predicted more overall symptoms over time, while greater neural responses to emotion (ΔLPP-E) and greater change in neural response as a function of reappraisal (ΔLPP-R) predicted a decline in avoidance symptoms over time. Together, results support the utility of neural markers of emotional reactivity and regulation as predictors of PTSD symptoms-and change in symptoms-across one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklynn M Fitzgerald
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Julia A DiGangi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eric Proescher
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Darrin M Aase
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Kaveh Afshar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - K Luan Phan
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, United States
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30
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DiGangi JA, Gorka S, Afshar K, Babione JM, Schroth C, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Dolcos F, Phan KL. Differential impact of post-deployment stress and PTSD on neural reactivity to emotional stimuli in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:9-14. [PMID: 28950112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For many veterans returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, the transition from military to civilian life is complicated by an array of postdeployment stressors. In addition to significant stress associated with reintegration after deployment, many returning veterans also contend with the added burden conferred by PTSD symptoms. While the relationship between PTSD symptoms and the neurobiological substrates of emotion dysregulation has begun to be studied, even less is known about the effects of postdeployment stress on neural function. In order to assess the relationship among a neural measure of attention to emotion (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP), PTSD symptoms and postdeployment stressors, EEG was recorded and examined in a linear mixed model of 81 OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Results revealed a main effect for postdeployment stressors such that increased postdeployment stress was associated with a relatively enhanced LPP across all emotion types. There was also a main effect for PTSD symptoms such that greater symptoms were related to a relatively blunted LPP across all emotion types. Findings may have important implications for understanding how both current stress and PTSD symptoms affect motivated attention as measured by the LPP. Moreover, this work highlights the need to consider the effects of current stress, in addition to PTSD symptoms, on the functioning of returning veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A DiGangi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Stephanie Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Joseph M Babione
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher Schroth
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Eric Proescher
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Program, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; Departments of Psychology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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31
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DiGangi JA, Burkhouse KL, Aase DM, Babione JM, Schroth C, Kennedy AE, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Phan KL. An electrocortical investigation of emotional face processing in military-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:132-138. [PMID: 28433950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PTSD is a disorder of emotion dysregulation. Although much work has intended to elucidate the neural underpinnings of the disorder, much remains unknown about the neurobiological substrates of emotion dysregulation in PTSD. In order to assess the relationship between a neural measure of attention to emotion (i.e. the late positive potential; LPP) and PTSD symptoms, EEG was recorded and examined as a potential predictor of military-related PTSD symptoms in a sample of 73 OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Results revealed that higher PTSD symptoms were related to an attenuated LPP response to angry facial expressions. This finding was not observed for happy or fearful faces. The current study provides initial evidence that, in a relatively young, mostly male sample of OEF/OIF/OND veterans, hyporeactivity to angry faces at the neural level may provide phenotypic data to characterize individual differences in PTSD symptom severity. This work may assist in future studies that seek to examine useful psychophysiologic targets for treatment and early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A DiGangi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States.
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Darrin M Aase
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; College of Health & Human Services, Governors State University, 1 University Parkway, University Park, IL 60484, United States
| | - Joseph M Babione
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Christopher Schroth
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Eric Proescher
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - K Luan Phan
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; Departments of Psychology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Lieberman L, Gorka SM, Funkhouser CJ, Shankman SA, Phan KL. Impact of posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions on psychophysiological reactivity to threat and reward. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 92:55-63. [PMID: 28410485 PMCID: PMC10593111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with significant distress and impairment. Research has therefore focused on identifying neurobehavioral deficits that contribute to the pathophysiology of PTSS. One issue that has contributed to difficulty in identifying these deficits is the highly heterogeneous nature of PTSS. PTSS is comprised of four, factor analytically distinct dimensions of symptoms - re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative cognitions and mood. It is therefore unlikely that there is one single mechanism that accounts for all of PTSS and elucidating neurobehavioral deficits associated with specific PTSS symptom dimensions may better inform clinical prevention and intervention efforts. Within the broader internalizing disorder literature, two key constructs that contribute to psychopathology are aberrant neural reactivity to threat and reward. However, the literature linking PTSS to these deficits is mixed, suggesting that aberrant neural reactivity to threat or reward may be specific to certain PTSS dimensions. In a sample of 51 trauma-exposed adults with a range PTSS, the present study therefore examined how the four dimensions of PTSS uniquely relate to two well-validated event-related potential (ERP) neural indices of threat and reward reactivity - the error-related negativity (ERN) and reward-related positivity (RewP), respectively. Results indicated that hyperarousal symptoms were associated with enhanced ERN, and enhanced RewP. In contrast, negative cognitions and mood symptoms were uniquely associated with a more blunted RewP. These results indicate that certain PTSS symptom dimensions have unique relations with neural indicators of threat and reward reactivity and may therefore have distinct pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Lieberman
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Carter J Funkhouser
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 808 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, 820 S. Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Zukerman G, Itzchak EB, Fostick L, Armony-Sivan R. Information Processing of the Rorschach's Traumatic Content Index in Trauma-exposed Adults: An Event Related Potential (ERP) Study. Biol Psychol 2017; 127:108-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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DiGangi JA, Kujawa A, Aase DM, Babione JM, Schroth C, Levy DM, Kennedy AE, Greenstein JE, Proescher E, Walters R, Passi H, Langenecker SA, Phan KL. Affective and cognitive correlates of PTSD: Electrocortical processing of threat and perseverative errors on the WCST in combat-related PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:63-69. [PMID: 28089694 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PTSD is characterized by both affective and cognitive dysfunction. Affectively, PTSD is associated with both heightened emotional reactivity and disengagement. Cognitively, perseverative thinking is a core feature of the disorder. In order to assess the interactive effects of affective and cognitive correlates of PTSD symptoms, 47 OEF/OIF/OND veterans completed an emotional faces matching task while EEG (i.e., late positive potential; LPP) was recorded, and separately completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to assess perseverative errors. There was no relationship between PTSD symptoms and either perseverative errors or EEG reactivity to faces. However, an interaction was found such that high perseverative errors on the WCST and a relatively enhanced LPP to angry faces was associated with greater PTSD symptoms, while low errors on the WCST and a relatively blunted LPP to angry faces also related to greater PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that emotion-cognition interactions are important for understanding PTSD, and that distinct emotion-cognition constellations interact with symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A DiGangi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA.
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Darrin M Aase
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; College of Health & Human Services, Governors State University, 1 University Parkway, University Park, IL 60484, USA
| | - Joseph M Babione
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Christopher Schroth
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - David M Levy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amy E Kennedy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Justin E Greenstein
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Eric Proescher
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Robert Walters
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Holly Passi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S. Damen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608, USA; Departments of Psychology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Paes J, de Oliveira L, Pereira MG, David I, Souza GGL, Sobral AP, Machado-Pinheiro W, Mocaiber I. The Perception of Aversiveness of Surgical Procedure Pictures Is Modulated by Personal/Occupational Relevance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160582. [PMID: 27518897 PMCID: PMC4982615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that emotions are organized around two motivational systems: the defensive and the appetitive. Individual differences are relevant factors in emotional reactions, making them more flexible and less stereotyped. There is evidence that health professionals have lower emotional reactivity when viewing scenes of situations involving pain. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the rating of pictures of surgical procedure depends on their personal/occupational relevance. Fifty-two female Nursing (health discipline) and forty-eight Social Work (social science discipline) students participated in the experiment, which consisted of the presentation of 105 images of different categories (e.g., neutral, food), including 25 images of surgical procedure. Volunteers judged each picture according to its valence (pleasantness) and arousal using the Self-Assessment Manikin scale (dimensional approach). Additionally, the participants chose the word that best described what they felt while viewing each image (discrete emotion perspective). The average valence score for surgical procedure pictures for the Nursing group (M = 4.57; SD = 1.02) was higher than the score for the Social Work group (M = 3.31; SD = 1.05), indicating that Nursing students classified those images as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did. Additionally, the majority of Nursing students (65.4%) chose "neutral" as the word that best described what they felt while viewing the pictures. In the Social Work group, disgust (54.2%) was the emotion that was most frequently chosen. The evaluation of emotional stimuli differed according to the groups' personal/occupational relevance: Nursing students judged pictures of surgical procedure as less unpleasant than the Social Work students did, possibly reflecting an emotional regulation skill or some type of habituation that is critically relevant to their future professional work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Paes
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Garcia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel David
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Behavior, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guerra Leal Souza
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Sobral
- Department of Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Walter Machado-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mocaiber
- Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Humanities and Health, Federal Fluminense University, Rio das Ostras, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Increased anticipatory contingent negative variation in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychol 2016; 117:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Intensified vmPFC surveillance over PTSS under perturbed microRNA-608/AChE interaction. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e801. [PMID: 27138800 PMCID: PMC5070052 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma causes variable risk of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) owing to yet-unknown genome-neuronal interactions. Here, we report co-intensified amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) emotional responses that may overcome PTSS in individuals with the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17228616 in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene. We have recently shown that in individuals with the minor rs17228616 allele, this SNP interrupts AChE suppression by microRNA (miRNA)-608, leading to cortical elevation of brain AChE and reduced cortisol and the miRNA-608 target GABAergic modulator CDC42, all stress-associated. To examine whether this SNP has effects on PTSS and threat-related brain circuits, we exposed 76 healthy Israel Defense Forces soldiers who experienced chronic military stress to a functional magnetic resonance imaging task of emotional and neutral visual stimuli. Minor allele individuals predictably reacted to emotional stimuli by hyperactivated amygdala, a hallmark of PTSS and a predisposing factor of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this, minor allele individuals showed no difference in PTSS levels. Mediation analyses indicated that the potentiated amygdala reactivity in minor allele soldiers promoted enhanced vmPFC recruitment that was associated with their limited PTSS. Furthermore, we found interrelated expression levels of several miRNA-608 targets including CD44, CDC42 and interleukin 6 in human amygdala samples (N=7). Our findings suggest that miRNA-608/AChE interaction is involved in the threat circuitry and PTSS and support a model where greater vmPFC regulatory activity compensates for amygdala hyperactivation in minor allele individuals to neutralize their PTSS susceptibility.
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Bastos AF, Vieira AS, Oliveira JM, Oliveira L, Pereira MG, Figueira I, Erthal FS, Volchan E. Stop or move: Defensive strategies in humans. Behav Brain Res 2016; 302:252-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lobo I, Portugal LC, Figueira I, Volchan E, David I, Garcia Pereira M, de Oliveira L. EEG correlates of the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms: A systematic review of the dimensional PTSD literature. J Affect Disord 2015; 183:210-20. [PMID: 26025367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, it is crucial to investigate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a spectrum that ranges from normal to pathological. This dimensional approach is especially important to aid early PTSD detection and to guide better treatment options. In recent years, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to investigate PTSD; however, reviews regarding EEG data related to PTSD are lacking, especially considering the dimensional approach. This systematic review examined the literature regarding EEG alterations in trauma-exposed people with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) to identify putative EEG biomarkers of PTSS severity. METHOD A systematic review of EEG studies of trauma-exposed participants with PTSS that reported dimensional analyses (e.g., correlations or regressions) between PTSS and EEG measures was performed. RESULTS The literature search yielded 1178 references, of which 34 studies were eligible for inclusion. Despite variability among the reviewed studies, the PTSS severity was often associated with P2, P3-family event-related potentials (ERPs) and alpha rhythms. LIMITATIONS The search was limited to articles published in English; no information about non-published studies or studies reported in other languages was obtained. Another limitation was the heterogeneity of studies, which made meta-analysis challenging. CONCLUSIONS EEG provides promising candidates to act as biomarkers, although further studies are required to confirm the findings. Thus, EEG, in addition to being cheaper and easier to implement than other central techniques, has the potential to reveal biomarkers of PTSS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Lobo
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Piresde Mello, 101, Niterói 24210130, Brazil.
| | - Liana Catarina Portugal
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Piresde Mello, 101, Niterói 24210130, Brazil.
| | - Ivan Figueira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Venceslau Brás, 71, Rio de Janeiro 22290140, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro 21941902, Brazil.
| | - Isabel David
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Piresde Mello, 101, Niterói 24210130, Brazil.
| | - Mirtes Garcia Pereira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Piresde Mello, 101, Niterói 24210130, Brazil.
| | - Leticia de Oliveira
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Hernani Piresde Mello, 101, Niterói 24210130, Brazil.
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