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Caamal-Herrera I, Erreguin-Isaguirre MB, León-Buitimea A, Morones-Ramírez JR. Synthesis and Design of a Synthetic-Living Material Composed of Chitosan, Calendula officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract, and Yeast with Applications as a Biocatalyst. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12716-12729. [PMID: 37065078 PMCID: PMC10099135 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of materials that couple synthetic and living components allow taking advantage of the complexity of biological systems within a controlled environment. However, their design and fabrication represent a challenge for material scientists since it is necessary to synthesize synthetic materials with highly specialized biocompatible and physicochemical properties. The design of synthetic-living materials (vita materials) requires materials capable of hosting cell ingrowth and maintaining cell viability for extended periods. Vita materials offer various advantages, from simplifying product purification steps to controlling cell metabolic activity and improving the resistance of biological systems to external stress factors, translating into reducing bioprocess costs and diversifying their industrial applications. Here, chitosan sponges, functionalized with Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract, were synthesized using the freeze-drying method; they showed small pore sizes (7.58 μm), high porosity (97.95%), high water absorption (1695%), and thermal stability, which allows the material to withstand sterilization conditions. The sponges allowed integration of 58.34% of viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, and the cell viability was conserved 12 h post-process (57.14%) under storage conditions [refrigerating temperature (4 °C) and without a nutrient supply]. In addition, the synthesized vita materials conserved their biocatalytic activity after 7 days of the integration process, which was evaluated through glucose consumption and ethanol production. The results in this paper describe the synthesis of complex vita materials and demonstrate that biochemically modified chitosan sponges can be used as a platform material to host living and metabolically active yeast with diverse applications as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel
O. Caamal-Herrera
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
| | - Mariana B. Erreguin-Isaguirre
- School
of Chemical Engineering Pharmaceutics, Technological
University of San Juan del Rio, Av. La Palma No. 125, Col. Vista Hermosa, San Juan del Rio, Queretaro 76800, Mexico
| | - Angel León-Buitimea
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
| | - José R. Morones-Ramírez
- School
of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo
Leon (UANL), San Nicolas de los
Garza, Nuevo Leon 66455, Mexico
- Applied
Microbiology Department, NanoBiotechnology Research Group, Research
Center on Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, PIIT, Km 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Mariano
Escobedo, Apodaca, Nuevo
Leon 66629, Mexico
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Rambaldo L, Ávila H, Escolà Casas M, Guivernau M, Viñas M, Trobajo R, Pérez-Burillo J, Mann DG, Fernández B, Biel C, Rizzo L, Bayona JM, Matamoros V. Assessment of a novel microalgae-cork based technology for removing antibiotics, pesticides and nitrates from groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134777. [PMID: 35500629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution has increased in recent years due to the intensification of agricultural and livestock activities. This results in a significant reduction in available freshwater resources. Here, we have studied the long term assessment of a green technology (1-4 L/day) based on a photobioreactor (PBR) containing immobilised microalgae-bacteria in polyurethane foam (PF) followed by a cork filter (CF) for removing nitrates, pesticides (atrazine and bromacil), and antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and sulfacetamide) from groundwater. The prototype was moderately effective for removing nitrates (58%) at an HRT of 8 days, while its efficiency decreased at a HRT of 4 and 2 days (<20% removal). The combined use of PBR-CF enabled antibiotics and pesticides to be attenuated by up to 95% at an HRT of 8 days, but their attenuation decreased with shorter HRT, with pesticides being the compounds most affected (reducing from 97 to 98% at an HRT of 8 days to 23-45% at an HRT of 2 days). Pesticide transformation products were identified after the CF, supporting biodegradation as the main attenuation process. A gene-based metataxonomic assessment linked the attenuation of micropollutants to the presence of specific pesticide biodegradation species (e.g. genus Phenylobacterium, Sphingomonadaceae, and Caulobacteraceae). Therefore, the results highlighted the potential use of microalgae and cork to treat polluted groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rambaldo
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Ávila
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Torre Marimon, E-08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Viñas
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Torre Marimon, E-08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Trobajo
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Marine and Continental Waters Programme, Ctra de Poble Nou Km 5.5, E43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Burillo
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Marine and Continental Waters Programme, Ctra de Poble Nou Km 5.5, E43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain; Departament of Geography, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Joanot Martorell 15, E43500, Vila-seca, Catalonia, Spain
| | - David G Mann
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Marine and Continental Waters Programme, Ctra de Poble Nou Km 5.5, E43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, Spain; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK
| | - Belén Fernández
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Sustainability in Biosystems Programme, Torre Marimon, E-08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Biel
- IRTA-Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Sustainable Plant Protection Programme, Ctra. de Cabrils, Km 2, E08348, Cabrils, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Rizzo
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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Limrujiwat K, Suphan S, Sujarit K, Lomthong T, Khetkorn W. Optimizing parameters for the stability of alginate encapsulation to support microalgae growth and nutrient removal in shrimp wastewater using response surface methodology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Chitosan chemistry review for living organisms encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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Rhie MN, Hong K, Lee T. Effects of the induction of anoxia in photobioreactor on effective cultivation of Scenedesmus acuminatus under mixotrophic cultivation mode. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2359-2379. [PMID: 33475031 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1880487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimum conditions of several factors (i.e. types and concentration of acetate, aeration rate, pH control) for maximizing the mixotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus acuminatus using acetate as an organic carbon source. When acetate was used, dissolved oxygen (DO) was quickly consumed and resulted in an anoxic condition for 52 h. Then, DO increased quickly by photosynthetic reaction. Whenever we put acetate in a reactor after DO was recovered to higher than 7 mg/L, cells were quickly grown via cell respiration, which subsequently resulted in an anoxic condition. Compared to aeration, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate with aeration tests, the highest maximum biomass productivity of 0.73 g/L/d was obtained for pH control test with ammonium acetate dosage. From this study, we found that DO was essential for the fast assimilation of acetate and depleted DO was quickly regenerated for pH control test. From this fact, we found that pH control test with ammonium acetate dosage was the best cultivation method for Scenedesmus acuminatus under mixotrophic condition. These findings could be a useful reference for maximizing the cultivation of S. acuminatus in industrial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Rhie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- National Fishery Products Quality Service, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Mostafa EM, Abdelgawad MA, Musa A, Alotaibi NH, Elkomy MH, Ghoneim MM, Badawy MSEM, Taha MN, Hassan HM, Hamed AA. Chitosan Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Formation Using Endophytic Fungi as Powerful Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Potentialities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050668. [PMID: 35625312 PMCID: PMC9137737 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a new technology with encouraging innovations. Global antibiotic use has grown enormously, with antibiotic resistance increasing by about 80 percent. In view of this alarming situation, intensive research has been carried out into biogenic nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Many methods are available to enhance stability and dispersion via peroration of conjugate with a polymer, such as chitosan, and other bioactive natural products. Two marine fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp. via sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In this work, these strains were used to form the conjugation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Aspergillus sp. Silv2 extract and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Alternaria sp. Gol2 extracts with chitosan to prepare chitosan–AgNPs and chitosan–AuNP conjugates. A variety of imaging and analytical methods, such as UV–vis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize biogenic nanoparticles and conjugates. The biosynthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles along with the prepared conjugates were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Both chitosan–AgNP and AuNP showed powerful antimicrobial activities compared to the control. On the other hand, chitosan–AgNP conjugation had better antibacterial ctivity than chitosan–AuNPs, which exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus and very low activity against E. coli. Furthermore, the antibiofilm potentials of the prepared conjugates were tested against four biofilm-forming bacteria, including P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, E. coli, and S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that the chitosan–AgNP showed a promising anti-biofilm activities on all strains, especially S. aureus, while chitosan–AuNP conjugates showed moderate anti-biofilm against B. subtilis and weak activities against the other three strains. These results showed the superiority of chitosan–AgNP as a promising antibacterial as well as biofilm formation inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Elkomy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mona Shaban E. M. Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa N. Taha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62764, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hamed
- National Research Centre, Microbial Chemistry Department, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Vasilieva SG, Semenova LR, Selyakh IO, Chivkunova OB, Shcherbakov PN, Baulina OI, Gorelova OA, Lobakova ES. Immobilization of a Mixed Culture of Oxygenic Phototrophic Microorganisms on a Chitosan-Based Sorbent for Nutrient Bioremoval. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Reshad RAI, Jishan TA, Chowdhury NN. Chitosan and its Broad Applications: A Brief Review. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.29333/jcei/11268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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An evaluation into the biosorption and biodegradation of azo dyes by indigenous siderophores-producing bacteria immobilized in chitosan. Biodegradation 2021; 32:697-710. [PMID: 34550530 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation and biosorption efficiency of an indigenous siderophores-producing bacterial community on azo dyes with immobilization in chitosan beads was evaluated in this study. 13 bacterial strains were isolated from textile wastewater streams. The bacterial strains were tested for the production of siderophores as well as their ability to decolorize toxic azo dyes in aqueous solution. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, all of the strains displayed high siderophores productivity. Furthermore, they displayed remarkable decolorization efficiency for azo dyes (Acid Black 1 and Reactive Black 5) in both free and immobilized form. The immobilization process was found not only to enhance the decolorization but also the degradation of azo dyes by the bacterial isolates. In a SEM micrograph, bacterial strains were immobilized, and the pores in chitosan bead to be trapped and adsorbed for dyes from synthetic wastewater. The extent of dye compounds degradation were examined using UV-visible and FTIR spectrophotometers on treated water samples and dye absorbed beads. After 72 h of incubation, the UV-visible analysis revealed that the bacterial community could significantly reduce both azo dyes in wastewater by 90% at 300 mgL-1 dyes initial concentration. FTIR study confirmed the bonds of these dyes were broken to form less toxic chemicals via the bacterial community immobilized in chitosan beads. The immobilized bacterial community thus demonstrated effective approach of azo dye biosorption and biodegradation.
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A Hybrid Biological-Adsorption Approach for the Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater Using Immobilized Nanoclay-Algae Mixtures. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mixing the Scenedesmus species with nanoclay and immobilizing in sodium alginate was evaluated as a sustainable treatment method for removing nitrate, atrazine, and metals from groundwater. Gel beads containing the hybrid mixture removed 100% of 10 mg/L N nitrate and 98% of 100 µg/L atrazine from synthetic groundwater in three days. The optimal amount of nanoclay was found to be 0.30 mg per bead. The experimental data fit well into a Freundlich adsorption isotherm and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. When tested in actual groundwater, 91% of nitrate and 100% of Cr, Se, and V were eliminated in three days without need for any nutrients or carbon source. Immobilizing algal beads embedded with nanoclay is a natural, low-cost alternative for groundwater treatment. The gel beads can be reused for at least two cycles without a compromise in performance. They are water-insoluble, easy to harvest, and offer high removal efficiency.
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Mohsenpour SF, Hennige S, Willoughby N, Adeloye A, Gutierrez T. Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142168. [PMID: 33207512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving the ecological status of water sources is a growing focus for many developed and developing nations, in particular with reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater effluent. In recent years, mixotrophic micro-algae have received increased interest in implementing them as part of wastewater treatment. This is based on their ability to utilise organic and inorganic carbon, as well as inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in wastewater for their growth, with the desired results of a reduction in the concentration of these substances in the water. The aim of this review is to provide a critical account of micro-algae as an important step in wastewater treatment for enhancing the reduction of N, P and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, whilst utilising a fraction of the energy demand of conventional biological treatment systems. Here, we begin with an overview of the various steps in the treatment process, followed by a review of the cellular and metabolic mechanisms that micro-algae use to reduce N, P and COD of wastewater with identification of when the process may potentially be most effective. We also describe the various abiotic and biotic factors influencing micro-algae wastewater treatment, together with a review of bioreactor configuration and design. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the current state-of-the-art in the use of micro-algae in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohsenpour
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian Hennige
- School of Geosciences, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Adebayo Adeloye
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Zhao R, Cui Z, Pan B, Li Y, Chen Y, Qu J, Jin P, Zheng Z. Enhanced stability and nitrogen removal efficiency of Klebsiella sp. entrapped in chitosan beads applied in the domestic sewage system. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41078-41087. [PMID: 35519206 PMCID: PMC9057698 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous denitrifying bacteria have been isolated and characterized, their capacity is seriously compromised by traditional inoculant addition and environmental stress in open bioreactors for wastewater treatment. In this study, a biocompatible material, chitosan, was used as a carrier to immobilize a simultaneously heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacterium Klebsiella sp., KSND, for continuous nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater in an open purification tank. The results showed that immobilization had no significant effect on cell viability and was beneficial for the reproduction and adhesion of cells. The entrapped KSND exhibited a slightly higher nitrogen removal efficiency of 90.09% than that of free KSND (87.69%). Subsequently, repeated batch cultivation experiments and analysis of the effects of organic contaminants and metal ions were performed using artificial wastewater and domestic wastewater. The findings revealed that the immobilized KSND beads presented desirable biophysical properties with good mechanical stability, cell viability, and enrichment, remarkable stability in organic contaminants and metal ions, and high efficiency nitrogen removal capacity. In conclusion, the developed immobilized denitrifying bacteria system has great potential for continuous wastewater treatment in open bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojin Zhao
- School of Environmental & Resource, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Zhiwen Cui
- School of Environmental & Resource, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Biwen Pan
- Zhejiang Shuangliang Sunda Environment co, Ltd Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Zhejiang Shuangliang Sunda Environment co, Ltd Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Yinyan Chen
- School of Environmental & Resource, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Jin Qu
- School of Environmental & Resource, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Zhanwang Zheng
- School of Environmental & Resource, Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou 311300 China
- Zhejiang Shuangliang Sunda Environment co, Ltd Hangzhou 310000 China
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Emparan Q, Harun R, Sing Jye Y. Efficiency of pollutants removal in treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) using different concentrations of sodium alginate-immobilized Nannochloropsis sp. cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:454-461. [PMID: 32976718 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1825327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) has high chemical oxygen demand (COD), thus requires effective treatments to environmentally benign levels before discharge. In this study, immobilized microalgae cells are used for removing pollutants in treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME). Different ratios of microalgae beads to TPOME concentration were examined at 1:2.5, 1:5, and 1:10. The biomass concentration and COD removal were measured through a standard method. The color of the cultivated microalgae beads changed from light green to darker green after the POME treatment for 9 days, hence demonstrating that microalgae cells were successfully grown inside the beads with pH up to 9.84. The immobilized cells cultivated in the POME at 1:10 achieved a higher biomass concentration of 1.268 g/L and a COD removal percentage of 72% than other treatment ratios. The increment of the ratio of microalgae cells beads to POME concentration did not cause any improvement in COD removal efficiency. This was due to the inhibitory effect of self-shading resulting in the slow growth rate of microalgae cells which responsible for low COD removal. Therefore, this system could be a viable technology for simultaneous biomass production and POME treatment. This will contribute to research efforts toward the development of new and improved technologies in treating POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin Emparan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Razif Harun
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Yew Sing Jye
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Wang R, Li F, Ruan W, Tai Y, Cai H, Yang Y. Removal and degradation pathway analysis of 17β-estradiol from raw domestic wastewater using immobilised functional microalgae under repeated loading. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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An assessment of heterotrophy and mixotrophy in Scenedesmus and its utilization in wastewater treatment. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Wollmann F, Dietze S, Ackermann J, Bley T, Walther T, Steingroewer J, Krujatz F. Microalgae wastewater treatment: Biological and technological approaches. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:860-871. [PMID: 32624978 PMCID: PMC6999062 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current global environmental issues raise unavoidable challenges for our use of natural resources. Supplying the human population with clean water is becoming a global problem. Numerous organic and inorganic impurities in municipal, industrial, and agricultural waters, ranging from microplastics to high nutrient loads and heavy metals, endanger our nutrition and health. The development of efficient wastewater treatment technologies and circular economic approaches is thus becoming increasingly important. The biomass production of microalgae using industrial wastewater offers the possibility of recycling industrial residues to create new sources of raw materials for energy and material use. This review discusses algae-based wastewater treatment technologies with a special focus on industrial wastewater sources, the potential of non-conventional extremophilic (thermophilic, acidophilic, and psychrophilic) microalgae, and industrial algae-wastewater treatment concepts that have already been put into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wollmann
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Stefan Dietze
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/ChemistryDresden University of Applied SciencesDresdenGermany
| | - Jörg‐Uwe Ackermann
- Faculty of Agriculture/Environment/ChemistryDresden University of Applied SciencesDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials TechnologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
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18
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Biodiesel production by lipases co-immobilized on the functionalized activated carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Gan Y, Zhao Q, Ye Z. Denitrification performance and microbial diversity of immobilized bacterial consortium treating nitrate micro-polluted water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:351-358. [PMID: 30831514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A heterotrophic denitrification process using bacterial consortium immobilized by polyurethane foams carriers to treat nitrate micro-polluted water was investigated. Nitrate reduction and nitrite accumulation were studied under several factors including initial COD/NO3--N concentration ratio, initial pH, initial NO2--N/NO3--N concentration ratio and inlet NO3--N concentration. Batch denitrification experiments showed that nitrate was completely removed at 5 h without nitrite accumulation under the optimum conditions of COD/NO3--N concentration ratio of 5.0-5.5 and initial pH of 7.2 ± 0.1. High initial NO2--N/NO3--N ratio enhanced denitrification rate mainly by accelerating nitrite reduction. Denitrification processes followed zero-order reaction kinetics at different initial NO3--N concentrations and obtained higher denitrification rate at higher inlet nitrate. High-throughput sequencing results showed that microbial community structure differed between the surface and interior space of polyurethane foams carriers while the dominant population in the inner zone of carriers was Pseudoxanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Gan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Quanlin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengfang Ye
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China.
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20
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Ekins-Coward T, Boodhoo KVK, Velasquez-Orta S, Caldwell G, Wallace A, Barton R, Flickinger MC. A Microalgae Biocomposite-Integrated Spinning Disk Bioreactor (SDBR): Toward a Scalable Engineering Approach for Bioprocess Intensification in Light-Driven CO 2 Absorption Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Ekins-Coward
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Kamelia V. K. Boodhoo
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Velasquez-Orta
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Caldwell
- Marine Science, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Ridley Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 7RU
| | - Adam Wallace
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ryan Barton
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael C. Flickinger
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Engineering Building 1, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, BTEC, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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21
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22
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Bracharz F, Helmdach D, Aschenbrenner I, Funck N, Wibberg D, Winkler A, Bohnen F, Kalinowski J, Mehlmer N, Brück TB. Harvest of the Oleaginous Microalgae Scenedesmus obtusiusculus by Flocculation From Culture Based on Natural Water Sources. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:200. [PMID: 30619847 PMCID: PMC6305336 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvest and dewatering poses a significant economical burden for industrial algae biomass production. To mitigate these effects, energy efficient techniques for these process steps have to be developed. Flocculation of the microalgae Scenedesmus obtusiusculus in salt based medium was induced by pH-shift and alternatively by addition of two biological flocculants, chitosan, and the commercial tannin CFL-PT. This is the first time that CFL-PT is used as an algae flocculant particularly focusing on harvesting of halophilic strains. The method was characterized and subsequently optimized. In comparison to biological flocculants, induction by pH shift is far cheaper, but due to buffering effects of the brackish cultivation medium infeasible amounts of base are required to raise the pH-value. tannin appears to be superior compared to chitosan not only in the absence of algae organic matter (AOM), but tannin-based harvest is also more robust regarding culture pH in presence of AOM. A higher flocculant-demand for modified tannin compared to chitosan is offset by the lower price. Given the employed strain and cultivation conditions, cultivation time had no pronounced effect on flocculation efficiencies (FE) while algae zeta-potential and bacterial communities also remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Helmdach
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Aschenbrenner
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Funck
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology-CeBiTec, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas B Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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23
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Potential of Zeolite and Algae in Biomass Immobilization. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6563196. [PMID: 30643814 PMCID: PMC6311242 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6563196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The interest in utilizing algae for wastewater treatment has been increased due to many advantages. Algae-wastewater treatment system offers a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional treatment processes such as electrocoagulation and flocculation. In this biosystem, algae can assimilate nutrients in the wastewater for their growth and simultaneously capture the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis resulting in a decrease in the greenhouse gaseousness. Furthermore, the algal biomass obtained from the treatment process could be further converted to produce high value-added products. However, the recovery of free suspended algae from the treated effluent is one of the most important challenges during the treatment process as the current methods such as centrifugation and filtration are faced with the high cost. Immobilization of algae is a suitable approach to overcome the harvesting issue. However, there are some drawbacks with the common immobilization carriers such as alginate and polyacrylamide related to low stability and toxicity, respectively. Hence, it is necessary to apply a new carrier without the mentioned problems. One of the carriers that can be a suitable candidate for the immobilization is zeolite. To date, various types of zeolite have been used for the immobilization of cells of bacteria and yeast. If there is any possibility to apply them for the immobilization of algae, it needs to be considered in further studies. This article reviews cell immobilization technique, biomass immobilization onto zeolites, and algal immobilization with their applications. Furthermore, the potential application of zeolite as an ideal carrier for algal immobilization has been discussed.
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Saravanakumar K, Chelliah R, MubarakAli D, Jeevithan E, Oh DH, Kathiresan K, Wang MH. Fungal enzyme-mediated synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles and its biocompatibility, antioxidant and bactericidal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1542-1549. [PMID: 30170364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles (T-CSNPs) using the fungal enzyme of Trichoderma harzianum and its biocompatibility, antioxidant and bactericidal properties. The T-CSNPs synthesis was confirmed by absorbance at 280 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. T-CSNPs were of spherical shape, as evident by field emission transmission electron microscopic (FETEM) analysis, and the average size of T-CSNPs was 90.8 nm, as calculated using particle size analyzer (PSA). The functional groups showed modifications of chitosan in T-CSNPs as evident by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. T-CSNPs were found soluble at the wide range of pH, showing 100% solubility at pH 1-3 and 72% at pH 10. The T-CSNPs exhibited antioxidant property in a dose-dependent manner with pronounced activity at 100 mg·mL-1. The T-CSNPs also showed bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium by causing detrimental effects on bacterial cells. The T-CSNPs (50 μg·mL-1) did not display any cytotoxic effect on murine fibroblast NIH-3T3 cells, as evident by cell viability and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining assays, which confirmed biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. This work suggested further investigations on the utilization of the mycosynthesized nanochitosan in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Davoodbasha MubarakAli
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (DBT, Govt. of India), Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Elango Jeevithan
- Department of Marine Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Biotechnology and Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kandasamy Kathiresan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Kube M, Jefferson B, Fan L, Roddick F. The impact of wastewater characteristics, algal species selection and immobilisation on simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Rajmohan KS, Gopinath M, Chetty R. Bioremediation of Nitrate-Contaminated Wastewater and Soil. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7485-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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Muthu M, Wu HF, Gopal J, Sivanesan I, Chun S. Exploiting Microbial Polysaccharides for Biosorption of Trace Elements in Aqueous Environments-Scope for Expansion via Nanomaterial Intervention. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E721. [PMID: 30966021 PMCID: PMC6418523 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With pollution sounding high alarms all around us, there is an immediate necessity for remediation. In most cases, the remediation measures require further remediation-the anti-pollutants themselves cause pollution. In this correspondence, the search deepens towards natural biogenic components that can be used for bioremediation. Polysaccharide and biosorption have been themes in discussion for quite some time, where a slow decline in the enthusiasm in this area has been observed. This review revisits the importance of using polysaccharide based materials for biosorption. The need for polysaccharide-based nanocomposites, which hold better promise for greater deliverables, is emphasized as a means of rejuvenating the future perspectives in this area of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Hui-Fen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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28
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Shen Y, Gao J, Li L. Municipal wastewater treatment via co-immobilized microalgal-bacterial symbiosis: Microorganism growth and nutrients removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:905-913. [PMID: 28738545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic microalgal-bacterial system may be an optional technology for wastewater treatment. In this study, co-immobilized of a bacterium isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (Pseudomonas putida) and a microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was used in the study of cell growth and nutrient removal during wastewater treatment under batch and continuous culture conditions. Under batch culture conditions, co-immobilization treatment significantly increased the cell density of C. vulgaris and P. putida compared with other treatments. The co-immobilized treatment also showed higher removal of ammonium, phosphate and COD than any single treatment, indicating that the nutrient uptake capability of C. vulgaris and P. Putida was mutually enhanced mutually. When tested in continuous mode, the treatment with a hydraulic retention time of 24h at the organic load rate of 1159.2mgCODL-1d-1 was most appropriate for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingqing Gao
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Linshuai Li
- Zhengzhou University Multi-Functional Design and Research Academy Co, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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29
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Burut-Archanai S, Powtongsook S. Identification of negative regulator for phosphate-sensing system in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120: A target gene for developing phosphorus removal. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Agbovi HK, Wilson LD, Tabil LG. Biopolymer Flocculants and Oat Hull Biomass To Aid the Removal of Orthophosphate in Wastewater Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry K. Agbovi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Lee D. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Lope G. Tabil
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A9, Canada
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31
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Removal and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol by Four Freshwater Microalgae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13121239. [PMID: 27983663 PMCID: PMC5201380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) by four freshwater microalgae, including three green algae (Scendesmus quadriauda, Chlorella vulgaris, and Ankistrodesmus acicularis) and one cyanobacterium (Chroococcus minutus) were studied in bacteria-free cultures exposed to different concentrations of NP for 5 days. All four algal species showed a rapid and high ability to remove NP (including bioaccumulation and biodegradation). Among these species, A. acicularis (Ankistrodesmus acicularis) had the highest NP removal rate (83.77%) at 120 h when exposed to different NP treatments (0.5–2.5 mg·L−1), followed by C. vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris) (80.80%), S. quadriauda (Scendesmus quadriauda) (70.96%) and C. minutus (Chroococcus minutus) (64.26%). C. vulgaris had the highest NP biodegradation percentage (68.80%) at 120 h, followed by A. acicularis (65.63%), S. quadriauda (63.10%); and C. minutus (34.91%). The extracellular NP contents were lower than the intracellular NP contents in all tested algae. The ratio of the extracellular NP content and the intracellular NP content ranged from 0.04 to 0.85. Therefore, the removal of NP from the medium was mainly due to the algal degradation. These results indicate that A. acicularis and C. vulgaris are more tolerant to NP and could be used for treatment of NP contaminated aqueous systems effectively by bioremoval and biodegradation.
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Solé A, Matamoros V. Removal of endocrine disrupting compounds from wastewater by microalgae co-immobilized in alginate beads. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:516-523. [PMID: 27619062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae systems have been found to be efficient for removing microcontaminants from wastewater effluents, but the effectiveness of immobilized microalgae for removing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) has not yet been addressed. This paper assesses the effect of free and immobilized microalgae on removal efficiency for 6 EDCs by mixing them in 2.5 L reactors with treated wastewater. The experimental design also included control reactors without microalgae. After 10 days of incubation, 64 and 89% of the NH4-N and 90 and 96% of total phosphorous (TP) had been eliminated in the free microalgae and immobilized microalgae reactors, respectively, while the control reactors eliminated only 40% and 70% of the NH4-N and TP, respectively. Both the free and immobilized microalgae reactors were able to remove up to 80% of most of the studied EDCs within 10 days of incubation. Free microalgae were found to increase the kinetic removal rate for bisphenol A, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and 4-octylphenol (25%, 159%, and 41%, respectively). Immobilizing the microalgae in alginate beads additionally enhanced the kinetic removal rate for bisphenol AF, bisphenol F, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. This study shows that the use of co-immobilized microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems increases the removal efficiency for nutrients and some EDCs from wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Solé
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Application of Microalgae and Fungal-Microalgal Associations for Wastewater Treatment. FUNGAL APPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42852-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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34
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Marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials as a novel source of nanobiotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 82:315-27. [PMID: 26523336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials is emerging in nanobiotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water treatment. Important properties of the marine polysaccharides include biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and abundance. Most of the marine polysaccharides are derived from natural sources such as fucoidan, alginates, carrageenan, agarose, porphyran, ulvan, mauran, chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharide. Marine polysaccharides are very important biological macromolecules that widely exist in marine organisms. Marine polysaccharides exhibit a vast variety of structures and are still under-exploited and thus should be considered as a novel source of natural products for drug discovery. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. Marine polysaccharides have been shown to have a variety of biological and biomedical properties. Recently, research and development of marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials have received considerable attention as one of the major resources for nanotechnological applications. This review highlights the recent research on marine polysaccharide-based nanomaterials for biotechnological and biomedical applications.
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35
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Aburai N, Sumida D, Abe K. Effect of light level and salinity on the composition and accumulation of free and ester-type carotenoids in the aerial microalga Scenedesmus sp. (Chlorophyceae). ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Steele MM, Anctil A, Ladner DA. Integrating algaculture into small wastewater treatment plants: process flow options and life cycle impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2014; 16:1387-1399. [PMID: 24834441 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Algaculture has the potential to be a sustainable option for nutrient removal at wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of this study was to compare the environmental impacts of three likely algaculture integration strategies to a conventional nutrient removal strategy. Process modeling was used to determine life cycle inventory data and a comparative life cycle assessment was used to determine environmental impacts. Treatment scenarios included a base case treatment plant without nutrient removal, a plant with conventional nutrient removal, and three other cases with algal unit processes placed at the head of the plant, in a side stream, and at the end of the plant, respectively. Impact categories included eutrophication, global warming, ecotoxicity, and primary energy demand. Integrating algaculture prior to activated sludge proved to be most beneficial of the scenarios considered for all impact categories; however, this scenario would also require primary sedimentation and impacts of that unit process should be considered for implementation of such a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel M Steele
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Court, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
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37
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Attached culture of Nannochloropsis oculata for lipid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1743-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang T, Jin X, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Green synthesis of Fe nanoparticles using eucalyptus leaf extracts for treatment of eutrophic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:210-3. [PMID: 23895784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through a one-step room-temperature biosynthetic route using eucalyptus leaf extracts (EL-Fe NPs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirmed the successful synthesis of the spheroidal iron nanoparticles. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that some polyphenols are bound to the surfaces of EL-Fe NPs as a capping/stabilizing agent. Reactivity of EL-Fe NPs was evaluated for the treatment of swine wastewater and results indicated that 71.7% of total N and 84.5% of COD were removed, respectively. This demonstrated the tremendous potential of EL-Fe NPs for in situ remediation of eutrophic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
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Pires JCM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Martins FG, Simões M. Wastewater treatment to enhance the economic viability of microalgae culture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5096-5105. [PMID: 23673923 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae culture is still not economically viable and it presents some negative environmental impacts, concerning water, nutrient and energy requirements. In this context, this study aims to review the recent advances on microalgal cultures in wastewaters to enhance their economic viability. We focused on three different culture concepts: (1) suspended cell systems, (2) cell immobilization, and (3) microalgae consortia. Cultures with suspended cells are the most studied. The nutrient removal efficiencies are usually high for wastewaters of different sources. However, biomass harvesting is difficult and a costly process due to the small cell size and lower culture density. On the other hand, the cell immobilization systems showed to be the solution for this problem, having as main limitation the nutrient diffusion from bulk to cells, which results in a reduced nutrient removal efficiency. The consortium between microalgae and bacteria enhances the growth of both microorganisms. This culture concept showed to be a promising technology to improve wastewater treatment, regarding not only nutrient removal but also biomass harvesting by bioflocculation. The aggregation mechanism must be studied in depth to find the process parameters that would lead to an effective and cheap harvesting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C M Pires
- LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
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Burut-Archanai S, Eaton-Rye JJ, Incharoensakdi A, Powtongsook S. Phosphorus removal in a closed recirculating aquaculture system using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strain lacking the SphU regulator of the Pho regulon. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shukla SK, Mishra AK, Arotiba OA, Mamba BB. Chitosan-based nanomaterials: a state-of-the-art review. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:46-58. [PMID: 23608103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript briefly reviews the extensive research as well as new developments on chitosan based nanomaterials for various applications. Chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer having immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modification to generate novel properties and functions in different fields especially in the biomedical field. Over the last era, research in functional biomaterials such as chitosan has led to the development of new drug delivery system and superior regenerative medicine, currently one of the most quickly growing fields in the area of health science. Chitosan is known as a biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic properties. These properties clearly point out that chitosan has greater potential for future development in different fields of science namely drug delivery, gene delivery, cell imaging, sensors and also in the treatment as well as diagnosis of some diseases like cancer. Chitosan based nanomaterials have superior physical and chemical properties such as high surface area, porosity, tensile strength, conductivity, photo-luminescent as well as increased mechanical properties as comparison to pure chitosan. This review highlights the recent research on different aspect of chitosan based nanomaterials, including their preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheesh K Shukla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lertsutthiwong P, Boonpuak D, Pungrasmi W, Powtongsook S. Immobilization of nitrite oxidizing bacteria using biopolymeric chitosan media. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:262-267. [PMID: 23596944 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chitosan characteristics including the degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, particle size, pH pretreatment and immobilization time on the immobilization of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) on biopolymeric chitosan were investigated. Nitrite removal efficiency of immobilized NOB depended on the degree of deacetylation, particle size, pH pretreatment on the surface of chitosan and immobilization time. Scanning electron microscope characterization illustrated that the number of NOB cells attached to the surface of chitosan increased with an increment of immobilization time. The optimal condition for NOB immobilization on chitosan was achieved during a 24-hr immobilization period using chitosan with the degree of deacetylation larger than 80% and various particle size ranges between 1-5 mm at pH 6.5. In general, the NOB immobilized on chitosan flakes has a high potential to remove excess nitrite from wastewater and aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranee Lertsutthiwong
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Shilton AN, Powell N, Guieysse B. Plant based phosphorus recovery from wastewater via algae and macrophytes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:884-9. [PMID: 22889679 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, resource recovery by irrigation of wastewater to plants is usually driven by the value of the water resource rather than phosphorus recovery. Expanded irrigation for increased phosphorus recovery may be expected as the scarcity and price of phosphorus increases, but providing the necessary treatment, storage and conveyance comes at significant expense. An alternative to taking the wastewater to the plants is instead to take the plants to the wastewater. Algal ponds and macrophyte wetlands are already in widespread use for wastewater treatment and if harvested, would require less than one-tenth of the area to recover phosphorus compared to terrestrial crops/pastures. This area could be further decreased if the phosphorus content of the macrophytes and algae biomass was tripled from 1% to 3% via luxury uptake. While this and many other opportunities for plant based recovery of phosphorus exist, e.g. offshore cultivation, much of this technology development is still in its infancy. Research that enhances our understanding of how to maximise phosphorus uptake and harvest yields; and further add value to the biomass for reuse would see the recovery of phosphorus via plants become an important solution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Shilton
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Achieving a Green Solution: Limitations and Focus Points for Sustainable Algal Fuels. ENERGIES 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/en5051613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gao QT, Wong YS, Tam NFY. Removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol by immobilized Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10230-10238. [PMID: 21944284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) by alginate-immobilized cells of Chlorella vulgaris were compared with their respective free cultures. The effects of four cell densities of 10(4) per algal bead were investigated, as were the four algal bead concentrations, with regard to the removal and biodegradation of NP. Although immobilization significantly decreased the growth rate and NP's biodegradation efficiency of C. vulgaris, NP removal over a short period was enhanced. The NP removal mechanism by immobilized cells was similar to that by free cells, including adsorption onto alginate matrix and algal cells, absorption within cells and cellular biodegradation. The optimal cell density and bead concentration for the removal and biodegradation of NP was 50-100×10(4) cells algal bead(-1) and 2-4 beads ml(-1) of wastewater, respectively. These results demonstrated that immobilized C. vulgaris cells under optimal biomass and photoautotrophic conditions are effective in removing NP from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Gao
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ho SH, Chen CY, Yeh KL, Chen WM, Lin CY, Chang JS. Characterization of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation ability of indigenous Scenedesmus obliquus isolates. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hannon M, Gimpel J, Tran M, Rasala B, Mayfield S. Biofuels from algae: challenges and potential. BIOFUELS 2010; 1:763-784. [PMID: 21833344 PMCID: PMC3152439 DOI: 10.4155/bfs.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Algae biofuels may provide a viable alternative to fossil fuels; however, this technology must overcome a number of hurdles before it can compete in the fuel market and be broadly deployed. These challenges include strain identification and improvement, both in terms of oil productivity and crop protection, nutrient and resource allocation and use, and the production of co-products to improve the economics of the entire system. Although there is much excitement about the potential of algae biofuels, much work is still required in the field. In this article, we attempt to elucidate the major challenges to economic algal biofuels at scale, and improve the focus of the scientific community to address these challenges and move algal biofuels from promise to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hannon
- San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, Division of Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Javier Gimpel
- San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, Division of Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miller Tran
- San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, Division of Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Beth Rasala
- San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, Division of Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Mayfield
- San Diego Center for Algal Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, Division of Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 858 822 7745;
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Xiangli Q, Zhe L, Zhiwei L, Yinglin Z, Zhengjia Z. Immobilization of activated sludge in poly(ethylene glycol) by UV technology and its application in micro-polluted wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de-Bashan LE, Bashan Y. Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants: review of practical aspects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1611-27. [PMID: 19931451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes the state-of-the-art of a specific niche in biological wastewater treatment that uses immobilized eukaryotic microalgae (and several prokaryotic photosynthetic cyanobacteria), with emphasis on removing nutrients with the support of microalgae growth-promoting bacteria. Removal of other pollutants by this technology, such as heavy metals and industrial pollutants, and technical aspects related to this specific subfield of wastewater treatment are also presented. We present a general perspective of the field with most known examples from common literature, emphasizing a practical point of view in this technologically oriented topic. The potential venues of future research in this field are outlined and a critical assessment of the failures, limitations, and future of immobilized microalgae for removal of pollutants is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz E de-Bashan
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Northwestern Center for Biological Research, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
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