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Gaur VK, Gautam K, Vishvakarma R, Sharma P, Pandey U, Srivastava JK, Varjani S, Chang JS, Ngo HH, Wong JWC. Integrating advanced techniques and machine learning for landfill leachate treatment: Addressing limitations and environmental concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 354:124134. [PMID: 38734050 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This review article explores the challenges associated with landfill leachate resulting from the increasing disposal of municipal solid waste in landfills and open areas. The composition of landfill leachate includes antibiotics (0.001-100 μg), heavy metals (0.001-1.4 g/L), dissolved organic and inorganic components, and xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (10-25 μg/L). Conventional treatment methods, such as biological (microbial and phytoremediation) and physicochemical (electrochemical and membrane-based) techniques, are available but face limitations in terms of cost, accuracy, and environmental risks. To surmount these challenges, this study advocates for the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to strengthen treatment efficacy through predictive analytics and optimized operational parameters. It critically evaluates the risks posed by recalcitrant leachate components and appraises the performance of various treatment modalities, both independently and in tandem with biological and physicochemical processes. Notably, physicochemical treatments have demonstrated pollutant removal rates of up to 90% for various contaminants, while integrated biological approaches have achieved over 95% removal efficiency. However, the heterogeneous nature of solid waste composition further complicates treatment methodologies. Consequently, the integration of advanced ML algorithms such as Support Vector Regression, Artificial Neural Networks, and Genetic Algorithms is proposed to refine leachate treatment processes. This review provides valuable insights for different stakeholders specifically researchers, policymakers and practitioners, seeking to fortify waste disposal infrastructure and foster sustainable landfill leachate management practices. By leveraging AI and ML tools in conjunction with a nuanced understanding of leachate complexities, a promising pathway emerges towards effectively addressing this environmental challenge while mitigating potential adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Upasana Pandey
- Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201010, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun-248 007, Uttarakhand, India; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW - 2007, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Xu H, Chen TH, Zhu G, Peng MQ, Zhan LT. Semi-quantitative study on the secondary compression characteristics of municipal solid waste in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:74-84. [PMID: 38266477 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Aeration plays a crucial role in accelerating the secondary compression of municipal solid waste (MSW) for the scientific implementation of aerobic bioreactor technology. There are few comparative reports on the secondary compaction characteristics of MSW in aerobic and anaerobic bioreactors. In this study, six long-term compression tests were conducted to analyze the impact of aeration on MSW compression characteristics, considering two degradation conditions (i.e. aerobic and anaerobic conditions) and three overburden stresses (i.e. 30, 50 and 100 kPa). Model-fitting analysis was employed to examine the data from the tests and exiting literatures. The results showed that aeration effectively increased the rate of secondary compression, and slightly enhanced the steady-state secondary compression strain. In addition, these enhancements tended to decrease with increasing stresses. The increment ratio of the secondary compression rate constant (Rk) was concentrated in the range of 25 % to 100 %, and increases with the increase of aeration rate. The increment ratio of the steady-state secondary compression strain (Rε) ranged from 10 % to 90 %, for the MSW with higher content of paper and wood exhibited higher Rε. The advance ratio of the secondary compression stabilization time (Rt) fell within the range of 20-50 %, and Rt is higher when the moisture content is in the range of 50-65 %. These findings provide valuable guidance on the accelerated stabilization in aerobic bioreactors, providing practical references for the application of aerobic technology to informal landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tian-Hao Chen
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ming-Qing Peng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Liang-Tong Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Gunarathne V, Phillips AJ, Zanoletti A, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Di Maria F, Pivato A, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E. Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169026. [PMID: 38056656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The improper management of solid waste, particularly the dumping of untreated municipal solid waste, poses a growing global challenge in both developed and developing nations. The generation of leachate is one of the significant issues that arise from this practice, and it can have harmful impacts on both the environment and public health. This paper presents an overview of the primary waste types that generate landfill leachate and their characteristics. This includes examining the distribution of waste types in landfills globally and how they have changed over time, which can provide valuable insights into potential pollutants in a given area and their trends. With a lack of specific regulations and growing concerns regarding environmental and health impacts, the paper also focuses on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the environmental and ecological impacts of leachate, along with associated health risks, are analyzed. The potential applications of landfill leachate, suggested interventions and future directions are also discussed in the manuscript. Finally, this work addresses future research directions in landfill leachate studies, with attention, for the first time to the potentialities that artificial intelligence can offer for landfill leachate management, studies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ankur J Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR5 Laboratory, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DICEA - Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Shao Y, Liu M, Ma X, Wang S, Guo J, Liu D, Zheng X. Investigation on the microbial community of an accelerating stabilization landfill by aeration engineering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94878-94889. [PMID: 37542688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbial community of the landfill undergoing aerobic stabilization process by aeration engineering was investigated. The municipal solid wastes (MSWs) were sampled from two aeration well sites with different landfill temperatures (65.5°C and 41.7°C) under higher and lower stabilization level. The physical component, chemical property, and microbial population of MSWs were analyzed and compared. The result showed that the phylum Firmicutes was dominant in the aerobic landfill; and the genus Weissella and Syntrophaceticus were more abundant in high, and low temperature site, respectively. The bacterial distribution showed difference on two temperature sites and four landfill depths, mainly affected by the ammonia-nitrogen and moisture content of MSWs. The ecological profiles of the microorganisms responded the aeration engineering were predicted. The anaerobic hydrolytic and acetogenic microorganisms were decreased in abundance, while the facultative Lactobacillus increased when the landfill under a higher stabilization level. The function abundances of methane oxidation, sulfide oxidation, and aerobic chemoheterotrophy were enriched by aeration engineering, which was the microbial mechanism for accelerating the stabilization process of landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 27, Xisanhuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 27, Xisanhuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xiaochun Ma
- Beijing No. 4 Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., No. 2, Baianzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Senjie Wang
- Beijing No. 4 Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., No. 2, Baianzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- Beijing No. 4 Municipal Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing Municipal Construction Group Co., Ltd., No. 2, Baianzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 27, Xisanhuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, No. 27, Xisanhuanbei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100095, China.
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Nhung TC, Ramesh B, Srinivasan S, Rangasamy G. A review on biological methodologies in municipal solid waste management and landfilling: Resource and energy recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136630. [PMID: 36181855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization growth combined with increased population has aggravated the issue of municipal solid waste generation. MSW has been accounted for contributing tremendously to the improvement of sustainable sources and safe environment. Biological processing of MSW followed by biogas and biomethane generation is one of the innumerable sustainable energy source choices. In the treatment of MSW, biological treatment has some attractive benefits such as reduced volume in the waste material, adjustment of the waste, economic aspects, obliteration of microorganisms in the waste material, and creation of biogas for energy use. In the anaerobic process the utilizable product is energy recovery. The current review discusses about the system for approaching conversion of MSW to energy and waste derived circular bioeconomy to address the zero waste society and sustainable development goals. Biological treatment process adopted with aerobic and anaerobic processes. In the aerobic process the utilizable product is compost. These techniques are used to convert MSW into a reasonable hotspot for resource and energy recovery that produces biogas, biofuel and bioelectricity and different results in without risk and harmless to the ecosystem. This review examines the suitability of biological treatment technologies for energy production, giving modern data about it. It likewise covers difficulties and points of view in this field of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Cam Nhung
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - B Ramesh
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Moutushi T, Tupsakhare SS, Castaldi MJ. Abiotic decomposition of municipal solid waste under elevated temperature landfill conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153685. [PMID: 35134411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic decomposition of simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was investigated for thermal reactions that impact landfill gas components such as methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The gas composition and temperature were monitored as a function of heating rate and time. The tests were conducted at 483 kPa (70 psig), 55 wt% moisture, and 30 to 60 W controlled heat input in the presence of biological inhibitors. The gas composition trends show that for heat inputs higher than 46 W, the CH4/CO2 ratio diverges from the initial value of 1.0 to as low as 0.2, correlated to a decrease in CH4 concentration. Major findings of the study include that the primary gas composition ratio (CH4/CO2) starts to reduce from the baseline value of 1.0 as the heating rate is increased from 30 W to 51 W and further declines at significantly higher rates beyond 51 W. The hydrogen evolution was directly proportional to the amount of CH4 available in the system. Low levels of CH4 (<25%) correspond to decreased H2 levels in the system (<5%) whereas injection of CH4 gas in the system correspond with a renewed H2 generation The study provides insights into the operational conditions such as available heat and moisture leading to changes in landfill gas ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnuva Moutushi
- Chemical Engineering Department, The City College of New York, CUNY, N.Y, NY 10031, United States of America
| | - Swanand S Tupsakhare
- Chemical Engineering Department, The City College of New York, CUNY, N.Y, NY 10031, United States of America
| | - Marco J Castaldi
- Chemical Engineering Department, The City College of New York, CUNY, N.Y, NY 10031, United States of America.
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Ergene D, Aksoy A, Dilek Sanin F. Comprehensive analysis and modeling of landfill leachate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 145:48-59. [PMID: 35512555 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate data compiled from 220 different landfills from 46 countries in Europe, Middle East, Asia, Africa, and America was analysed by multivariate statistical approaches. Data pre-treatment procedure such as handling of outliers, completion of missing data, and standardization of data was applied to prepare the raw data matrix for the complex statistical analyses including cluster and principal component analyses (PCA). Regression modeling was conducted to estimate leachate parameter values. Results show that usually inorganic parameters, if included in the PCA, dominated the first components indicating the highest correlations as well as accounting for majority of the variation in the data. Those highly correlated parameters in landfill leachate could be important in evaluation of their pathways into leachate in terms of transport and biodegradation mechanisms as well as their elimination potential from sampling and analytical procedures during monitoring activities at landfills. Some leachate parameters having significantly high concentrations, such as organics, salts, and some inorganics, impacted the formation of components in PCA. This in turn provides important information about the specific characteristics of leachate samples and the landfills to which they belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didar Ergene
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayşegül Aksoy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - F Dilek Sanin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Pivato A, Raga R, Marzorati S, Cerminara G, Lavagnolo MC, Schievano A. Mitigating long-term emissions of landfill aftercare: Preliminary results from experiments combining microbial electrochemical technologies and in situ aeration. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:596-606. [PMID: 33407038 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20983895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfills still represent the main option for waste disposal in many parts of the world. Anyway, they often pose a significant pollution risk and contribute to potential environmental and human health impacts via gaseous and liquid (leachate) emission pathways if not properly managed. Some innovative technologies can help to reduce these emissions, such as in situ aeration and the application of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs). METs are an emerging field that open the possibility to control microbial reactions, enhancing electron flows from electron donors towards electron acceptors. To this end, several materials with different electrochemically-active properties are used, such as electrical conductivity, capacitance, surface electroactivity and charge. The present project named LA-LA-LAND (Landfill electron-Lapping for a LANDscape requalification) was aimed to apply METs to treat leachate-saturated zones in old landfills. A MET prototype was constructed using a granular anode (graphite) and a cylindrical air-cathode (electroactive biochar). The METs were integrated to three identical laboratory-scale landfill bioreactors coupled with the in situ aeration technique, while three control reactors run without MET. The maximum values of current and power density obtained were 0.015 A·m-2 and 0.00035 W·m-2. The influence of the MET system on the organic matter removal was evident in two reactors, where this technology was applied, with respect to the control ones: total organic carbon decreased on average 13%, while it reduced less than 5% in the control reactors. This preliminary experiment pointed out some critical aspects of MET configuration, such as the weakness of the cathode architecture, which was prone to be flooded by leachate, blocking the aeration flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pivato
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, ICEA, Padova, Italy
| | - R Raga
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, ICEA, Padova, Italy
| | - S Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policies, eBioCenter, Milano, Italy
| | - G Cerminara
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, ICEA, Padova, Italy
| | - M C Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, ICEA, Padova, Italy
| | - A Schievano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policies, eBioCenter, Milano, Italy
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Conceptualization of Bioreactor Landfill Approach for Sustainable Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Finding a sustainable approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) management is becoming paramount. However, as with many urban areas in developing countries, the approach applied to MSW management in Karachi is neither environmentally sustainable nor suitable for public health. Due to adoption of an inefficient waste management system, society is paying intangible costs such as damage to public health and environment quality. In order to minimize the environmental impacts and health issues associated with waste management practices, a sustainable waste management and disposal strategy is required. The aim of this paper is to present a concept for the development of new bioreactor landfills for sustainable waste management in Karachi. Furthermore, this paper contributes to estimation of methane (CH4) emissions from waste disposal sites by employing the First Order Decay (FOD) Tier 2 model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and determining of the biodegradation rate constant (k) value. The design and operational concept of bioreactor landfills is formulated for the study area, including estimation of land requirement, methane production, power generation, and liquid required for recirculation, along with a preliminary sketch of the proposed bioreactor landfill. This study will be helpful for stockholders, policy makers, and researchers in planning, development, and further research for establishment of bioreactor landfill facilities, particularly in the study area as well as more generally in regions with a similar climate and MSW composition.
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Municipal Solid Waste Management through Sustainable Landfilling: In View of the Situation in Karachi, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020773. [PMID: 35055594 PMCID: PMC8775808 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Open disposal is the most common technique used for municipal solid waste (MSW) management due to the absence of sanitary landfills in Pakistan. The major cities and small towns in Pakistan have become a showcase of negligence and mismanagement of MSW, which results in deterioration of the environmental and social-life quality. Moreover, research has proved that inefficient handling (disposal) of MSW results in uncontrolled emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), mainly methane, and adds a significant share in global climate change. This study aims to estimate methane emissions from MSW disposed of at dumpsites and compare the GHG mitigation potential of different landfill strategies in specific climate and waste compositions in Karachi. The GHG estimations are based on lab-scale investigations conducted by simulating landfill conditions through the landfill simulation reactor (LSR) experiment. The synthetic MSW sample representing the composition of MSW generated in Karachi was used in the LSR experiment. Environmental sustainability and GHG mitigation potential of different landfilling strategies was evaluated by analyzing gas formation potential (GP21) and respiration activity (RI4) at the end of the experiment. This study revealed that the quantity of solid waste annually disposed of at dumpsites in Karachi possesses the potential to release about 3.9 Mt CO2-eq. methane (with specific methane potential of 1.8 tCO2-eq./tonne DM disposed) due to the biological decomposition of the organic fraction. Results show that the fresh waste disposed of at landfill sites in Karachi possesses about 92% and 94% higher GP21 and RI4, respectively, than the German allocated criteria for mechanically and biologically treated (MBT) waste for landfills Furthermore, sanitary landfills with post-aeration conditions showed higher GHG mitigation potential and low biological activity in the waste. The second highest GHG mitigation potential and lowest biological activity of the waste was noticed from bioreactor landfills with post-aeration conditions. The third number in GHG mitigation and reduced waste activity was noticed in the waste sampled from bioreactors without aftercare approach. The least GHG mitigation potential was noticed from the uncontrolled waste dumping (existing) approach with high residual gas potential and respiration index level. This lab-scale landfill simulation study can provide baseline data for further research and planning the development of new sustainable landfills in Karachi, Pakistan and in the region.
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Chu YX, Wang J, Tian G, He R. Reduction in VOC emissions by intermittent aeration in bioreactor landfills with gas-water joint regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118059. [PMID: 34488158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfill mining and reclamation is a new strategy for addressing the lack of space available for new landfills and realizing the sustainable development of landfills. A gas-water joint bioreactor landfill is regulated by injecting water and/or recirculating leachate, and a blasting aeration system to optimize waste stabilization. In this study, four landfill reactors were constructed to investigate the effects of ventilation methods, including continuous (20 h d-1) and intermittent aeration (4 h d-1 in continuous or 2-h aeration per 12 h, twice a day), on the degradation of organic matter and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in comparison with traditional landfills. A total of 62 VOCs were detected in the landfill reactors. Among them, halogenated compounds had the highest abundance (39.8-65.4 %), followed by oxygenated compounds, alkanes and alkenes, and aromatic compounds. Both intermittent and continuous aeration could accelerate the degradation of landfilled waste and increase the volatilization rate of VOCs. Compared with intermittent aeration, the degradation of landfilled waste was more quickly in the landfill reactor with continuous aeration. However, intermittent aeration could create anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic conditions, which were conducive to the growth and metabolism of anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms in landfills and thereby reduced more than 63.4 % of total VOC emissions from the landfill reactor with continuous aeration. Moreover, intermittent aeration could reduce the ventilation rate and decrease the cost of aeration by 80 % relative to continuous aeration. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes predominated in the landfill reactors. The environmental variables including organic matter and VOCs concentrations had significant influences on microbial community structure in the landfilled waste. These findings indicated that intermittent aeration was an effective way to accelerate the stabilization of landfilled waste and reduce the cost and environmental risks in bioreactor landfills with gas-water joint regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruo He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China; College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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12
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Mohammad A, Osinski P, Koda E, Singh DN. A case study on establishing the state of decomposition of municipal solid waste in a bioreactor landfill in India. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:1375-1388. [PMID: 34541971 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211045607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of temporal changes undergone by municipal solid waste (MSW) in its physico-chemico-geomechanical properties in a bioreactor landfill (BLF) is essential for: (i) efficient landfilling, (ii) establishing the state of decomposition of MSW with time and (iii) deciding upon the appropriate time to initiate landfill mining. To achieve this, a series of destructive (DTs) and non-destructive tests (NDTs) can be conducted on the MSW samples in the BLF. With this in view, several DTs were conducted on these samples retrieved from different depths of the two cells of a fully operational BLF in Mumbai, India. Subsequently, the physical and chemical properties of these samples such as composition, moisture content, volatile solids (VS), elemental content, lignocellulosic content (i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content) and bio-methanation potential, were determined by following the laboratory testing, as a function of time. Also, NDTs such as cone penetration test and multichannel analysis of surface waves were conducted on these cells of BLF to obtain geomechanical parameters (viz. cone resistance, sleeve resistance, friction ratio and shear wave velocity) of the MSW. Based on the data obtained from these tests, and reported in the literature, it has been observed that the VS, elemental content, lignocellulosic content and bio-methanation potential of MSW exhibits very well-defined trends, as compared to the geomechanical parameters, with time. Furthermore, it has been observed that the VS, hydrogen-, carbon- and nitrogen-content reduce significantly (≈62%, 70%, 50% and 30%, respectively), following an exponential decay, until the critical time (tcr) (≈4 years) has been achieved. As, beyond tcr these parameters remain practically unchanged, which corresponds to the 'stabilized MSW', mining of the BLF can be initiated without further delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mohammad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piotr Osinski
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Koda
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sughosh P, Sivakumar Babu GL. The Role of Bioreactor Landfill Concept in Waste Management in India. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Cheng H, Zhou J, Hong PY. Attached-growth configuration outperforms continuously stirred tank anaerobic membrane bioreactors in alleviating membrane biofouling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111272. [PMID: 33989627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling impedes the performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR). Two reactors, one as an up-flow attachment-growth AnMBR (UA-AnMBR) configuration, and the other, as a continuously stirred AnMBR (CS-AnMBR) were evaluated for differences in membrane fouling rate. TMP increment in UA-AnMBR was slower than CS-AnMBR, although both reactors had similar COD removal efficiency (ca. > 96%). Slower fouling rate for UA-AnMBR was related to lower total and viable cells, and thereby microbial activity compared to that in CS-AnMBR. Acinetobacter and Methanobacterium that played keystone roles in anaerobic biofilm formation were not consistently prevalent on the membranes connected to UA-AnMBR. This is in contrast to both Acinetobacter and Methanobacterium consistently prevalent on the membranes connected to CS-AnMBR. The findings suggest that UA-AnMBR can alleviate membrane biofouling through changes in microbial activity and profile dynamics, and would be a suitable reactor configuration to adopt to achieve an efficient AnMBR for municipal wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianqiang Zhou
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Ying Hong
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Sohoo I, Ritzkowski M, Kuchta K. Influence of moisture content and leachate recirculation on oxygen consumption and waste stabilization in post aeration phase of landfill operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145584. [PMID: 33582327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable completion of municipal solid waste landfills requires post-closure care after a time when utilization of landfill gas produced from biodecomposition of organic waste be not possible/or economically feasible. Research proved that in-situ aeration is a promising approach employed for landfill aftercare. The application of post aeration operation is targeted to achieve accelerated waste stabilization to avoid long term environmental and public health impacts from landfills. In in-situ aeration operation, consumption of supplied oxygen has significant influence on biological stabilization of solid waste placed in the landfills. The consumption of oxygen is regulated by operation parameters of landfill - one of the important is presence of moisture in landfill ecosystem. This research aims to assess the influence of moisture content and leachate recirculation on the oxygen consumption during post aeration phase of landfill operation. The effect of oxygen consumption on the extent of waste stabilization achieved after experiment was also assessed. Three lab-scale landfill simulation reactors (LSRs) were used - in two of three reactors (LSR-1 and LSR-3) operation was carried out in two phases: Anaerobic and post-aeration. One reactor (LSR-2) was operated under anaerobic condition throughout the experiment and used as control. To compare the oxygen consumption, conventional landfill (CLF) conditions without excess water addition and leachate recirculation were simulated in LSR-1 and the bioreactor landfill conditions (BRLF) with excess water injection and leachate recirculation were simulated in LSR-3. In CLF 46.4% of supplied oxygen was consumed during post aeration phase while in BRLF only 0.96% of oxygen consumption was noticed. In result of higher oxygen consumption, biostabilization rate of waste in CLF was 7% higher than BRLF at the end of experiment. This study demonstrated that, in presence of low moisture in landfill ecosystem optimal air distribution can be realized which results in enhanced waste oxidization and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsanullah Sohoo
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Energy and Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Technology, New M.A Jinnah Road, 74800 Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Marco Ritzkowski
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Sustainable Resource and Waste Management, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstr. 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Liu C, Shi J, Lv Y, Shao G. A modified stability analysis method of landfills dependent on gas pressure. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:784-794. [PMID: 32731810 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20944479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive gas pressure (GP) in landfills is a potential triggering mechanism for slope failure, which is rarely considered in analytical models. This paper presents a modified analytical model for landfill stability dependent on GP. A two-layered GP model is established to describe the GP above and below the leachate level. The distribution of GP is then used to calculate the factor of safety (FS) using a modified wedge stability analysis method. It is found that the lack of consideration of the GP in landfill stability analysis leads to serious overestimation of the FS. In addition, the GP gas pressure within the landfill accelerates the critical interface of a multilayer liner system shifting from one to another. A new estimation criterion for FS is proposed. The proposed criterion can directly estimate the stability of the landfill by the field-tested pore pressure. Finally, the proposed method is applied to estimate the slope failure of Xiaping landfill in Shenzhen, and the results verify the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Lv
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Shao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wangyao K, Sutthasil N, Chiemchaisri C. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from shallow windrow piles for biostabilisation of municipal solid waste. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:650-660. [PMID: 33481686 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1880498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shallow windrow piles were applied as a low-cost option for biostabilisation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) prior to their utilization as refuse-derived fuel (RDF). A considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be emitted during the biostabilisation of MSW, especially when in operation under high moisture conditions such as there are in tropical Asia. This study investigated the emission of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from shallow windrow piles - with heights of 0.5-1.0 m - for the stabilization of MSW at a full-scale facility in Thailand. Measurements of CH4, CO2, and N2O emissions using the static-chamber method revealed high spatial heterogeneity characteristics in all zones with different waste ages. Peak methane emissions were observed after four months of biostabilisation. The average spatial methane emissions from the waste piles ranged from 7.33 to 26.88 g m-2 d-1 (14.86 g m-2 d-1, on average). The CH4 generation-rate constant was within the range of 3.3 to 4.0 yr-1, which is higher than that reported - about 2.20-3.50 yr-1 - from a deep windrow pile (3.5-4.0 m height). The spatial distribution of N2O emissions was in the range of 4.51-199.14 mg N2O t-1dry wt.d-1 (6.6-111.7 mg N2O m-2 d-1), similar to those previously studied from landfill operations. This shallow windrow pile technique can be applied as low-cost technology for biostabilisation of MSW in developing countries, where land area is available.Implications: Shallow windrow pile was applied as a low-cost option for biological treatment of municipal solid waste in developing countries where land area is available. This study evaluated the greenhouse gas emission characteristics during the operation of windrow pile. The findings suggest that the emission rates were varied spatially with waste ages in different zones. Higher methane generation rate constant was derived from shallow window pile as compared to deep windrow pile. The methane and nitrous oxide emission factors were derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komsilp Wangyao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), PERDO, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppharit Sutthasil
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chart Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Feng SJ, Wu SJ, Zheng QT. Design method of a modified layered aerobic waste landfill divided by coarse material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2182-2197. [PMID: 32870431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the weaknesses of traditional landfills, a modified aerobic landfill concept with intermediate covers of coarse material between waste layers functioning as facilities of drainage and aeration has been proposed recently. In this study, a one-dimensional coupled model, including aerobic biodegradation, oxygen diffusion, and advection, is proposed to describe oxygen distribution in this new type of landfill. Homotopy analysis method and perturbation method are applied to solve this model at passive aeration and active aeration, respectively. The model has six input variables, that is, oxygen diffusion coefficient, gas permeability, maximum oxygen consumption rate, layer thickness of waste, and injection pressure and extraction pressure. A combination of their typical values gives rise to over 700,000 scenarios which can be calculated by the proposed solution. The coupled effect of the above variables on oxygen migration is quantitatively investigated, followed by an estimation formula of the minimum oxygen concentration in waste layer. The maximum waste layer thickness is defined as a function of other variables for a given aeration target of oxygen volume concentration larger than 5%. A generalized design method of waste layer thickness, injection pressure, and extraction pressure is then developed for the newly proposed modified layered aerobic landfill, which can promote its popularization and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shao-Jie Wu
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qi-Teng Zheng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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19
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Ma J, Liu L, Xue Q, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Fei X. A systematic assessment of aeration rate effect on aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste based on leachate chemical oxygen demand removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128218. [PMID: 33297175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aeration is one mainstream technique to accelerate municipal solid waste (MSW) degradation in landfills. The determination of an appropriate aeration rate is critical to the design and operation of a landfill aeration system. In this study, we analyze 132 waste degradation tests reported in forty one studies in the literature. We use L min-1 kg-1 dry organic matter (L min-1 kg-1 DOM) as the uniform unit to quantify the aeration rates in all tests. The first order rate coefficient for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in leachate (kCOD) is selected as the parameter to characterize MSW degradation process. We further divide aerobic tests into five aerobic groups base on the respective aeration rates, i.e., <0.02, 0.02-0.1, 0.1-0.3, 0.3-1, and >1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM. With an increase in the aeration rate, the kCOD increases first and then decreases. The aeration rate between 0.1 and 0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM has the best enhancement on the kCOD. The kCOD values are not much higher than the anaerobic and semi-aerobic tests when the aeration rates are <0.1 L min-1 kg-1 DOM, because such aeration rates may be lower than the actual oxygen consumption rates. An aeration rate >0.3 L min-1 kg-1 DOM reduces the kCOD likely due to excess water evaporation and ventilation cooling. Among the analyzed results, the aeration rate is the most related to the kCOD in principal component analysis than the other factors, including liquid recirculation and addition, waste total density, waste degradation level, and waste initial temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Qiang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; IRSM-CAS/HK PolyU Joint Laboratory on Solid Waste Science, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sludge and Soil Science and Engineering, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing Engineering Technique Research Center for Exploration and Utilization of Non-Conventional Water Resources and Water Use Efficiency, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore.
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20
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Tan W, Wang S, Liu N, Xi B. Tracing bacterial and fungal necromass dynamics of municipal sludge in landfill bioreactors using biomarker amino sugars. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140513. [PMID: 32887002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of microbial necromass of municipal solid waste over long-term landfill remain unknown. This study presents the first investigation on the dynamics of bacterial and fungal necromass of municipal sludge in non-aeration versus alternating aeration landfill bioreactors by using amino sugar biomarkers. Results showed that under non-aeration treatment, the decomposition rate of muramic acid derived from bacteria is higher than that of fungal-derived glucosamine. The relative change in glucosamine and muramic acid in the early period of landfills under the alternating aeration treatment is consistent with that under non-aeration treatment. However, with the increase in alternating aeration cycles, bacterial necromass muramic acid exerts a lower decomposition rate than fungal necromass glucosamine. Throughout the entire landfill period, galactosamine is the amino sugar with the slowest decomposition rate under non-aeration mode but the amino sugar with the fastest decomposition rate under alternating aeration mode. The present work fills the knowledge gap of microbial necromass dynamics of municipal solid waste in landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Niankai Liu
- Department of the History of Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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21
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Shi R, Han Z, Li H, Wang S, Guo N, Zhang Y. Carbon emission and energy potential of a novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor for domestic waste treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:115-123. [PMID: 32659684 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biogas generation mechanism and its utilization potential in a novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (STASAB) system with three activated bioreactors (C1, C2 and C3) was analyzed. Methane generation potential was obtained by measurements and estimation methods with similar values of 23.38 and 27.79 kg CH4/t waste, respectively. CH4 and CO2 production was quickly achieved in the STASAB, and the total amount of CH4 and CO2 was low due to the mixed leachate-recirculation operation process among bioreactors, which were at different stages of operation. The microbial communities in different bioreactors were diverse. The leachate-recirculation operation was a critical parameter to effectively enhance the microbial community structure in the STASAB, which can regulate CH4, CO2 and N2O production with global warming potential of 7.479 kg CO2e/(t·d). The STASAB had higher energy potential of 1.011 kWh/(t·d) compared with that of conventional landfills and sequentially anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactors. Moreover, direct electricity production in the STASAB is recommended for energy utilization with 38.38% GHG emission reduction, and with 131.43 million CNY (Chinese Yuan) benefit per year for national rural waste disposal via utilization of biogas from the STASAB for power generation. Hence, the STASAB shows a notable potential for treating domestic waste in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Shuangchao Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Nanfei Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
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van Turnhout AG, Oonk H, Scharff H, Heimovaara TJ. Optimizing landfill aeration strategy with a 3-D multiphase model. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:499-509. [PMID: 31760195 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the environmental and financial burden for future generations, approaches are needed to shorten aftercare of landfills. Aeration of the waste-body is a promising approach, however, the poor understanding of transport of gas and water through a waste-body makes it difficult to design an effective aeration strategy. The aim of this study is to develop a tool to determine the optimal aeration strategy for landfills. This study presents a comparison of aeration strategies based on the air distribution they generate with a 3-D multiphase model. The implemented theory is based on parameter values obtained from (laboratory) experiments performed under conditions which are similar to those in a full scale landfill. Calibration with field scale gas extraction data from the Dutch pilot site Wieringermeer shows that the model gives a good description of the average gas flow under extraction. Scenario analyses for the case study landfill indicate that injection strategies reach a larger volume fraction of waste with a higher air flow compared with extraction strategies, especially at the bottom of the landfill. Extraction, however, supplies oxygen more homogeneously through-out the waste. An import design criterion is also the distance between the wells. Too large distances lead to ineffective treatment because too large volumes of waste/leachate remain untreated. In addition to the comparison of aeration strategies, an optimal aeration strategy for the pilot site is presented. A combination of (alternating) injection and extraction wells which are maximum 20m apart seems to be the optimal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G van Turnhout
- Geoscience & Engineering Department, Faculty of CiTG, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Hans Oonk
- Oonkay!, Fabianusstraat 12, 7333 BD Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Heijo Scharff
- NV Afvalzorg Holding, PO Box 2, 1566 PB Assendelft, Netherlands
| | - Timo J Heimovaara
- Geoscience & Engineering Department, Faculty of CiTG, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, Netherlands
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23
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Qiu Z, Li M, Zhang L, Zhao R, Li M. Effect of waste compaction density on stabilization of aerobic bioreactor landfills. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4528-4535. [PMID: 31788730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Landfill stabilization contributes to the safe operation and maintenance of landfills. This study used a simulated aerobic bioreactor landfill to investigate the impact of different compaction densities on its stabilization to provide a basis for optimal parameter selection during landfill design. Samples of municipal solid waste were tested with compaction densities of 450, 500, 550, 600, and 650 kg/m3 during the experiment. The optimum compaction density was obtained by periodically monitoring the temperature of the waste pile, the water quality of leachate, and the composition of the waste. The impacts of waste compaction density on waste pile temperature and leachate were investigated and coupled with the analysis of waste composition to discuss the possible reaction mechanism. Results showed that the most complete waste degradation occurred at 550 kg/m3 compaction density, which was effective at accelerating stabilization of the simulated aerobic bioreactor landfill. Limitations of the experiment are given to lay foundations for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Luziping Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
| | - Min Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
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24
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Leachate characterizations and pollution indices of active and closed unlined landfills in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Semitela S, Pirra A, Braga FG. Impact of mesophilic co-composting conditions on the quality of substrates produced from winery waste activated sludge and grape stalks: Lab-scale and pilot-scale studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121622. [PMID: 31200284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different amounts of a mixture of winery waste activated sludge and grape stalks were co-composted for 8 weeks, at lab-scale under different temperatures and aeration rates, and at pilot-scale. None of the experiments showed the occurrence of a thermophilic stage, even when the composting temperature was kept at 34 °C, which might suggest biological suppression by the acclimated mesophilic microorganisms ubiquitous to the winery waste activated sludge. The composted substrates were fully characterized by physicochemical analysis, plant growth tests and germination indexes using parsley (Petroselinum crispum) seedlings and seeds. Surprisingly, despite the higher volume reduction at lab-scale, it was the initial mixture and the mixture composted outdoors which presented the best horticultural qualities, with seedling survival rates of 88.9% and 87.0% and modified germination indexes of 54% and 161%, respectively. These findings shed some light on previous contradictory results and allow the development of new recycling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Semitela
- Centro de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Pirra
- Centro de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando G Braga
- Centro de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Treatment of Low Biodegradability Leachates in a Serial System of Aged Refuse-Filled Bioreactors. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a technology based on the use of aged refuse that has proven to be highly effective in the treatment of low biodegradability leachates. The tests were developed using two filled bioreactors arranged in series and operated at steady state. The aged refuse used as filling material was extracted from a city located in the southeast of Mexico and characterized by particle size, humidity, volatile solids, and volumetric weight. On the other hand, bacterial characterization made it possible to identify the presence of species related to the degradation and mineralization of organic compounds, as well as to processes of nitrification or reduction of phosphates and Cr (VI). The bioreactor system was operated under four hydraulic loads (10, 20, 35, and 50 L/m3·d). Maximum removal efficiencies of 85, 86.1, 87.9, 98.6, 97.8, and 97.4% were achieved in COD, BOD5, Color, TP, TN, and N-NH3, respectively, complying with Mexican regulations (NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996). The system also proved to be stable against shock loads, such as organic load fluctuations in the influent or pH variations. The results of this study show that, in countries such as Mexico, aged refuse extracted from landfills represents a promising option as a sustainable alternative for leachate treatment.
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Bae W, Kim S, Lee J, Chung J. Effect of leachate circulation with ex situ nitrification on waste decomposition and nitrogen removal for early stabilization of fresh refuse landfill. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:721-727. [PMID: 30901724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We determined the effects of ex situ biological wastewater treatment on landfill stabilization under continuous circulation of leachate. Specifically, the waste composition and nitrogen in the leachate during leachate circulation (LC) alone was compared with that in a nitrified leachate circulation (NLC) system. An ex situ sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was applied in the NLC system to oxidize the ammonium to nitrite or nitrate, which was then circulated to landfill for denitrification to nitrogen gas. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the leachate was low by NLC versus LC, because in the NLC system, ammonium was oxidized to nitrite/nitrate in the ex situ SBR, and aerobic decomposition and denitrification occurred simultaneously in the landfill, suggesting that the NLC system significantly improves the waste decomposition rate and accelerates landfill stabilization. Because denitrification in the landfill was activated in the NLC system and nitrite/nitrate was reduced to nitrogen gas, the proportion of nitrogen in the gas was higher compared with LC. LC, combined with an SBR, might have value in removing the nitrogen that is discharged from the leachate and in accelerating landfill stabilization, because landfill waste was used as the carbon source for denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookeun Bae
- Deparment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa 3-Dong, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Kim
- Deparment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa 3-Dong, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghun Lee
- Deparment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Sa 3-Dong, Sangnok-Gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-Do, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwook Chung
- R&D Center, Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd., 415-10 Woncheon-Dong, Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 443-823, Republic of Korea.
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Mönkäre T, Palmroth MRT, Sormunen K, Rintala J. Scaling up the treatment of the fine fraction from landfill mining: Mass balance and cost structure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:464-471. [PMID: 31109547 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of the fine fraction (FF) obtained from landfill mining is necessary in order to reduce the amount of organic matter and biological activity in FF, thus increasing its potential to be utilized after landfill mining. This paper suggests the scaled up anaerobic and aerobic treatment of FF, with or without continuous irrigation, and presents the mass balance and cost structure of such treatment based on two hypothetical landfills. The physical treatment structure for the treatment of FF should prevent emissions, and in this paper, it includes suitable bottom and top liners as well as the collection and treatment of the gaseous and leachate emissions formed during the treatment. Methane produced in anaerobic treatments could either be utilized for energy recovery or be flared. The cost of the anaerobic and aerobic treatment of FF, including investments and operation costs, are 20-65 €/t FF, depending on size of the landfill. The costs of anaerobic treatment and passive aeration are similar, and active aeration is slightly more expensive, but the cost of the continuous irrigation is the most significant, as it multiplies the leachate treatment costs. The overall cost of treatment could be lowered by reducing the treatment time and utilizing existing landfill structures. The results of this paper can be used in planning and estimating the cost of the biological treatment of FF when evaluating landfill mining projects, as the fate of FF may have a major impact on the economics of landfill mining projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Mönkäre
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Marja R T Palmroth
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Kai Sormunen
- Mustankorkea Ltd. Waste Management Company, Ronsuntaipaleentie 204, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 527, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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29
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Han Z, Zeng D, Mou Z, Shi G, Zhang Y, Lou Z. A novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor for domestic solid waste treatment in rural areas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 86:97-105. [PMID: 30902244 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirements of domestic solid waste treatment and technological upgrading of bioreactors, a spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (STASAB) was designed. The STASAB took full advantages of anaerobic and semi-aerobic bioreactors by the sequential alternation of anaerobic and semi-aerobic operation and by recirculation of mixed leachate from different-stage bioreactors. Results indicated that after the start-up stage, the pH of leachate in the STASAB always remained higher than 6.88, even in the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stage. The maximum total nitrogen concentration in the STASAB was 1461 mg·L-1, which was merely half that of the sequentially anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (SASAB) and had no adverse effects on the anaerobic process. Nitrogen removal in the STASAB reached 92.3%-95.5% when operated in the semi-aerobic phase and even reached 49.4% when operated in the anaerobic phase. The peak concentration of chemical oxygen demand was much lower and the anaerobic digestion lag time was much shorter in the STASAB than in the SASAB. The period of rapid biogas production in the STASAB was double that of the SASAB, which resulted in a 70% increase in biogas generation. Moreover, leachate could be exhausted by evaporation in just 3-5 months during the semi-aerobic phase. Therefore, the STASAB can eliminate acidogenic and ammonia inhibition during solid waste treatment, enhance the rate and extent of organic waste decomposition, rapidly initiate methanogenesis, enhance methane generation, and achieve zero leachate discharge (excluding rainfall infiltration). The STASAB is an efficient and feasible technique for treating domestic solid waste in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- Science School of Tibet University, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Zishen Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Guozhong Shi
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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30
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Ahmadi F, Lee YH, Lee WH, Oh YK, Park KK, Kwak WS. Preservation of fruit and vegetable discards with sodium metabisulfite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:113-121. [PMID: 30031916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two series of experiments were performed to investigate the aerobic preservation of fruit and vegetable discards (FVD) using sodium metabisulfite (SMB). In Exp. 1, metabisulfite was applied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/kg FVD for 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d. Metabisulfite treatment at 6 and 8 g/kg FVD was highly effective in controlling putrefaction and preserving the nutrient components for 6 and 9 d, respectively. In the pilot-scale experiment (Exp. 2), SMB was applied at 0 and 8 g/kg FVD in a 600-L bucket for 0, 6, and 9 d in an outdoor environment. The SMB treatment was highly effective in maintaining the integrity and freshness of FVD, suppressing microbial proliferation, and preserving the nutrient constituents. Under the conditions of this study, SMB effectively preserved FVD in an aerobic environment, enabling their more efficient long-term recycling through livestock feed or development of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmadi
- College of Medical Life Sciences & College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- College of Medical Life Sciences & College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Lee
- College of Medical Life Sciences & College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Oh
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju County, 565-851, Jeon-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Park
- College of Medical Life Sciences & College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Kwak
- College of Medical Life Sciences & College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Di Addario M, Ruggeri B. Experimental simulation and fuzzy modelling of landfill biogas production from low-biodegradable MBT waste under leachate recirculation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2568-2582. [PMID: 28758571 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1362035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the perspective of a sustainable waste management, biodegradable waste destined to landfilling should be reduced. This work aims to study a combination of waste pretreatments and leachate recirculation. A lab-scale experiment and fuzzy-modelling were chosen to predict cumulative methane production from low-biodegradable waste (LBW) under leachate recirculation. Thanks to moisture increase, the degradation of LBW was reactivated and the cumulative methane production reached 28 NL CH4 kg-1 after 442 days. The organic fraction was stabilized with a final chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 81 mg L-1. Fuzzy model was proposed as an alternative to the common deterministic models, affected by high uncertainties. Eleven inputs (pH, Redox potential, COD, volatile fatty acids, ammonium content, age, temperature, moisture content, organic fraction concentration, particle size and recirculation flow rate) were identified as antecedent, and two outputs, or consequents, were chosen: methane production rate and methane fraction in biogas. Antecedents and consequents were linked by 84 IF-THEN rules in a linguistic form. The model was also tested on six literature studies chosen to test different operational conditions and waste qualities. The model outputs fitted the experimental data reasonably well, confirming the potential use of fuzzy macro-approach to model sustainable landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Addario
- a Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT) , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Bernardo Ruggeri
- a Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT) , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy
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32
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Li W, Sun Y, Wang H, Wang YN. Improving leachate quality and optimizing CH 4 and N 2O emissions from a pre-aerated semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill using different pre-aeration strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:839-847. [PMID: 30114732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Landfill aeration efficiently accelerates municipal solid waste (MSW) stabilization. This method also impacts methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during aeration. In this study, the effects of three pre-aeration strategies on leachate quality variations and CH4 and N2O emissions from three lab-scale pre-aerated semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills, which were filled with MSW, were investigated: low frequency and high frequency intermittent aeration (LIA and HIA) and continuous micro-aeration (CMA). Experimental results showed that these three strategies effectively reduced organic and N-based pollutants concentration in leachate. Compared with intermittent aeration (IA), CMA increased cumulative CH4 emissions (9234.3 mg) and resulted in a longer emission period (95 days). HIA generated the least cumulative CH4 emissions (4297.6 mg) and shortest emission period (65 days) due to organic matter loss during aeration. N2O emissions were present at low levels in early stages for each bioreactor, and then, increased by 1-3 orders of magnitude in the later stages due to low influent carbon-nitrogen ratio. HIA resulted in maximum cumulative N2O emissions (2884.6 mg) and experienced a longer emission period (179 days) compared to CMA (2281.6 mg; 151 days). LIA had the longest N2O emission period (209 days), but had the lowest cumulative N2O emissions (1486.3 mg). CH4 and N2O emissions mainly occurred in the early and later stages of landfill stabilization, respectively. Therefore, the study proposes an optimized pre-aeration strategy for practical landfill aeration management: early CMA may promote rapid organic matter removal and effective CH4 recovery; and late LIA may reduce N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China.
| | - Huawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, China
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Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment Using Submerged Fibers in an Attached Growth Sequential Batch Reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081734. [PMID: 30104522 PMCID: PMC6121406 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sequential batch reactor (SBR) with different types of fibers was employed for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. Three types of fibers, namely, juite fiber (JF), bio-fringe fiber (BF), and siliconised conjugated polyester fiber (SCPF), were used. Four SBR experiments were conducted, using the fibers in different reactors, while the fourth reactor used a combination of these fibers. The treatment efficiency of the different reactors with and without fibers on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), phosphorus (P), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), total suspended solids (TSS), and oil-grease were evaluated. The removal efficiency for the reactors with fibers was higher than that of the reactor without fibers for all pollutants. The treated effluent had 40 mg/L BOD5 and 45 mg/L COD with an average removal efficiency of 96% and 93%, respectively, which meet the discharge limits stated in the Environmental Quality Act in Malaysia.
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Nag M, Shimaoka T, Komiya T. Influence of operations on leachate characteristics in the Aerobic-Anaerobic Landfill Method. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:698-707. [PMID: 32559962 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Landfill aeration is an effective technique for the controlled and sustainable conversion of conventional anaerobic landfills into a biologically stabilized state associated with a significantly lowered or the near elimination of the landfill gas emission potential. For in-situ leachate treatment recycling back the generated leachate in the bioreactor is also a promising technique for reducing pollutants and cost of ex-situ treatment as well. This research has been conducted to ascertain the in-situ treatment of leachate in Aerobic Anaerobic Landfill Method (AALM) compared with aerobic landfill and evaluated the impacts of various leachate recirculation regimes on MSW degradation and to provide data for successful operation in landfill sites. The experiment was conducted using six Plexiglass® landfill simulation reactors with a height of 100 cm and a diameter of 15 cm. Air was injected at the rates of 1.6 l/kg DM/h (Low aeration rate) for reactors R-LA, R-LAA (recirculatory) and LAA (non-recirculatory) and 4.8 l/kg DM/h (High aeration rate) in R-HA, R-HAA (recirculatory), and HAA (non-recirculatory) until day 242. It has been evaluated that R-HAA at high aeration rate achieved higher leachate quantity reduction (36.9%) than low aeration rate reactor R-LAA (19.6%) and AALM provides a better solution to control the temperature within the landfill body. The final NH4+-N concentration in R-HA (214.5 mg/l) was eight times lower than in the R-LA (1741.0 mg/l) reactor, and R-HAA (842.5 mg/l) was about three times lower than R-LAA (2315.4 mg/l) reactor on day 242. The change in leachate recirculation amount at varying moisture content positively affected the stabilization process and in-situ leachate treatment efficiency. The combination of both technologies (intermittent aeration and leachate recirculation) is a feasible way for in-situ leachate treatment, decrease the cost of further ex-situ leachate treatment as well as a viable and cost-saving alternative to continuous aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Nag
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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35
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Er XY, Seow TW, Lim CK, Ibrahim Z, Mat Sarip SH. Biological treatment of closed landfill leachate treatment by using Brevibacillus panacihumi strain ZB1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Wang H, Fan X, Wang YN, Li W, Sun Y, Zhan M, Wu G. Comparative leaching of six toxic metals from raw and chemically stabilized MSWI fly ash using citric acid. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 208:15-23. [PMID: 29245145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The leaching behavior of six typical toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni) from raw and chemically stabilized (phosphate and chelating agent) municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were investigated using citric acid. Leaching tests indicated that phosphate stabilization can effectively decrease the leaching of Zn, Cd and Cr; whereas chelating agent stabilization shows a strong ability to lower the release of Pb, Cd and Cu, but instead increases the solubility of Zn and Cr at low pH conditions. Sequential extraction results suggested that the leaching of Pb, Zn and Cd in both the stabilized MSWI fly ash samples led to the decrease in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and the increase in exchangeable and carbonate fractions. The leaching of Cr was due to the decrease in exchangeable, carbonate and Fe/Mn oxide fractions in phosphate-stabilized and chelating agent-stabilized MSWI fly ash. The leaching of Cu in both stabilized MSWI fly ash was greatly ascribed to the decrease in Fe/Mn oxide and oxidisable fractions. Moreover, predicted curves by geochemical model indicated that both stabilized MSWI fly ash have the risk of releasing toxic metals under strong acid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Xinxiu Fan
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Meili Zhan
- Qingdao MSW Management & Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266041, PR China
| | - Guizhi Wu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
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Blanford WJ, Pecoraro MP, Heinrichs R, Boving TB. Enhanced reductive de-chlorination of a solvent contaminated aquifer through addition and apparent fermentation of cyclodextrin. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2018; 208:68-78. [PMID: 29289350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a field study, aqueous cyclodextrin (CD) was investigated for its ability to extract chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOC), such as trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and dichloroethene (DCE) through in-situ flushing of a sandy aquifer. After cessation of aquifer flushing, a plume of CD was left. Changes in CD, cVOC, and inorganic terminal electron acceptors (TEAs) (DO, nitrate, sulfate, iron) were monitored in four rounds of wellwater sampling (20, 210, 342, and 425days after cessation of active pumping). Post-CD flushing VOC levels rebounded (850% for TCE, 190% for TCA, and 53% for DCE) between the first two sampling rounds, apparently due to rate-limited desorption from aquifer media and dissolution from remaining NAPL. However, substantial reduction in the mass of TCE (6.3 to 0.11mol: 98%) and TCA (2.8 to 0.73mol: 74%) in groundwater was observed between 210 and 425days. DCE should primarily be produced from the degradation of TCE and is expected to subsequently degrade to chloroethene. Since DCE levels decreased only slightly (0.23 to 0.17mol: 26%), its degradation rate should be similar to that produced from the decaying TCE. Cyclodextrin was monitored starting from day 210. The mass of residual CD (as measured by Total Organic Carbon) decreased from 150mol (day 210) to 66 (day 425) (56% decrease). The naturally anaerobic zone within the aquifer where residual CD mass decreased coincided with a loss of other major potential TEAs: nitrate (97% loss), sulfate (31%) and iron (31%). In other studies, TCE and 1,1,1-TCA have been found to be more energetically favorable TEAs than sulfate and iron and their degradation via reductive dechlorination has been found to be enhanced by the fermentation of carbohydrates. Such processes can explain these observations, but more investigation is needed to evaluate whether residual levels of CD can facilitate the anaerobic degradation of chlorinated VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Blanford
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
| | - Michael Philip Pecoraro
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Rebecca Heinrichs
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Thomas Bernhard Boving
- Department of Geosciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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van Turnhout AG, Brandstätter C, Kleerebezem R, Fellner J, Heimovaara TJ. Theoretical analysis of municipal solid waste treatment by leachate recirculation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:246-254. [PMID: 29017871 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Long-term emissions of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfills are a burden for future generations because of the required long-term aftercare. To shorten aftercare, treatment methods have to be developed that reduce long-term emissions. A treatment method that reduces emissions at a lysimeter scale is re-circulation of leachate. However, its effectiveness at the field scale still needs to be demonstrated. Field scale design can be improved by theoretical understanding of the processes that control the effectiveness of leachate recirculation treatment. In this study, the simplest and most fundamental sets of processes are distilled that describe the emission data measured during aerobic and anaerobic leachate recirculation in lysimeters. A toolbox is used to select essential processes with objective performance criteria produced by Bayesian statistical analysis. The controlling processes indicate that treatment efficiency is mostly affected by how homogeneously important reactants are spread through the MSW during treatment. A more homogeneous spread of i.e. oxygen or methanogens increases the total amount of carbon degraded. Biodegradable carbon removal is highest under aerobic conditions, however, the hydrolysis rate constant is lower which indicates that hydrolysis is not enhanced intrinsically in aerobic conditions. Controlling processes also indicate that nitrogen removal via sequential nitrification and denitrification is plausible under aerobic conditions as long as sufficient biodegradable carbon is present in the MSW. Major removal pathways for carbon and nitrogen are indicated which are important for monitoring treatment effectiveness at a field scale. Optimization strategies for field scale application of treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G van Turnhout
- Geoscience & Engineering Department, Faculty of CiTG, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, Netherlands.
| | - Christian Brandstätter
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna Technical University, Austria
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- Environmental Technology Group, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Johann Fellner
- Institute for Water Quality, Resource and Waste Management, Vienna Technical University, Austria
| | - Timo J Heimovaara
- Geoscience & Engineering Department, Faculty of CiTG, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, Netherlands
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Wei H, Wang J, Hassan M, Han L, Xie B. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation-denitrification synergistic interaction of mature landfill leachate in aged refuse bioreactor: Variations and effects of microbial community structures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:1149-1158. [PMID: 28764129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, anammox-denitrification process was verified by 15N stable isotopic tracing methods and variations and effects of microbial community structures were studied using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The results showed that higher nitrogen removal efficiency and richer microbial consortia was observed at hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 15L/m3·d, BOD5/TN ratio of 0.4:1, respectively. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the anamox-denitrification biomass. The number of amx gene changed significantly during the HLR downshift and BOD5/TN ratio upshift period. The obtained results enhance understanding regarding the microbial community structures of anammox-denitrification bacteria in aged refuse, leading to a more effective controlling of anammox-denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wei
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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40
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Morello L, Raga R, Lavagnolo MC, Pivato A, Ali M, Yue D, Cossu R. The S.An.A.® concept: Semi-aerobic, Anaerobic, Aerated bioreactor landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 67:193-202. [PMID: 28499797 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid Bioreactor Landfills are designed to enhance and speed up biological processes, aiming at reducing the duration of post operational phase until landfill completion. S.An.A.® (Semi-aerobic, Anaerobic, Aerated) concept consists in a Hybrid Bioreactor featuring a first semi-aerobic phase to enhance the methane production occurring in the following anaerobic step and a forced aeration for the abatement of the residual emissions. At the end of the last step, semi-aerobic conditions are restored and flushing applied for leaching residual non-biodegradable compounds. Results of the application of S.An.A.® concept to a lab scale bioreactor system showed that pre-aeration was effective in controlling the concentration of VFA, increasing pH and stimulating methane production during anaerobic phase; in particular with intermittent airflow the methane potential was 50% higher respect to control reactors. Forced aeration reduced organic compounds and nitrogen concentration in leachate of an order of magnitude, better performing in low airflow reactors. S.An.A.® Hybrid bioreactors proved to be an efficient system both for increasing methane production and reaching landfill completion in shorter time, suggesting that with proper landfill management, the duration of post-closure care might be reduced by 25-35%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morello
- ICEA, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Raga
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Munawar Ali
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongbei Yue
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Raffaello Cossu
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Ke H, Hu J, Xu XB, Wang WF, Chen YM, Zhan LT. Evolution of saturated hydraulic conductivity with compression and degradation for municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 65:63-74. [PMID: 28412096 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste (MSW) specimens were created from synthetic fresh MSW degraded in a laboratory scale enhanced degradation reactor. The degree of degradation and saturated hydraulic conductivity ks were measured to study the effects of compression and degradation on ks of MSW. The degree of degradation was characterized through the ratio of cellulose content to lignin content (i.e., C/L) and the loss ratio of volatile solid (i.e., DOD). ks of MSW specimens with different degrees of degradation was measured through triaxial permeameter tests under different confining pressures. It was found that, when the degradation time increased from 0month to 18months, ks decreased less than 1 order of magnitude for specimens with the same porosity (i.e., n=0.63 or 0.69). However, for specimens with the same degradation time, the decrease of ks could reach 2 orders of magnitude with n decreasing from 0.8 to 0.6. It indicates that compression has much greater influence on the reduction of ks than that of degradation. Based on the Kozeny-Carman model and first-order kinetics, a prediction model related to n and C/L (or DOD) of MSW was proposed to analyze the evolution of ks with compression and biodegradation. The methods to determine the values of model parameters were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ke
- Yuhangtang Road 866#, MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Hu
- Yuhangtang Road 866#, MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao Bing Xu
- Chaowang Road 18#, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Wen Fang Wang
- Wuyishan Road 341#, Qingdao Port Group Co., LTD, Qingdao 266011, China.
| | - Yun Min Chen
- Yuhangtang Road 866#, MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Liang Tong Zhan
- Yuhangtang Road 866#, MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lakshmikanthan P, Sughosh P, White J, Sivakumar Babu GL. Experimental and modelling studies on a laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactor treating mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:700-708. [PMID: 28553756 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17705722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of an anaerobic bioreactor in treating mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste was investigated using experimental and modelling techniques. The key parameters measured during the experimental test period included the gas yield, leachate generation and settlement under applied load. Modelling of the anaerobic bioreactor was carried out using the University of Southampton landfill degradation and transport model. The model was used to simulate the actual gas production and settlement. A sensitivity analysis showed that the most influential model parameters are the monod growth rate and moisture. In this case, pH had no effect on the total gas production and waste settlement, and only a small variation in the gas production was observed when the heat transfer coefficient of waste was varied from 20 to 100 kJ/(m d K)-1. The anaerobic bioreactor contained 1.9 kg (dry) of mechanically biologically treated waste producing 10 L of landfill gas over 125 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Sughosh
- 1 Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - James White
- 2 University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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43
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Yazici Guvenc S, Alan B, Adar E, Bilgili MS. The impact of nanoparticles on aerobic degradation of municipal solid waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2017; 35:426-436. [PMID: 28367755 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x17695884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The amount of nanoparticles released from industrial and consumer products has increased rapidly in the last decade. These products may enter landfills directly or indirectly after the end of their useful life. In order to determine the impact of TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles on aerobic landfilling processes, municipal solid waste was loaded to three pilot-scale aerobic landfill bioreactors (80 cm diameter and 350 cm height) and exposed to TiO2 (AT) and Ag (AA) nanoparticles at total concentrations of 100 mg kg-1 of solid waste. Aerobic landfill bioreactors were operated under the conditions about 0.03 L min-1 kg-1 aeration rate for 250 days, during which the leachate, solid waste, and gas characteristics were measured. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in the leachate characteristics, gas constituents, solid quality parameters, and temperature variations, which are the most important indicators of landfill operations, and overall aerobic degradation performance between the reactors containing TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles, and control (AC) reactor. The data also indicate that the pH levels, ionic strength, and the complex formation capacity of nanoparticles with Cl- ions can reduce the toxicity effects of nanoparticles on aerobic degradation processes. The results suggest that TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 mg kg-1 of solid waste do not have significant impacts on aerobic biological processes and waste management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Alan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elanur Adar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Bilgili
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wu C, Shimaoka T, Nakayama H, Komiya T, Chai X. Stimulation of waste decomposition in an old landfill by air injection. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 222:66-74. [PMID: 27710908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three pilot-scale lysimeters were operated for 4.5years to quantify the change in the carbon and nitrogen pool in an old landfill under various air injection conditions. The results indicate that air injection at the bottom layer facilitated homogeneous distribution of oxygen in the waste matrix. Substantial total organic carbon (TOC) decomposition and methane generation reduction were achieved. Considerable amount of nitrogen was removed, suggesting that in situ nitrogen removal via the effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification mechanism is viable. Moreover, material mass change measurements revealed a slight mass reduction of aged MSW (by approximately 4.0%) after 4.5years of aeration. Additionally, experiments revealed that intensive aeration during the final stage of the experiment did not further stimulate the degradation of the aged MSW. Therefore, elimination of the labile fraction of aged MSW should be considered the objective of in situ aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakayama
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Teppei Komiya
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaoli Chai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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45
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Ko JH, Ma Z, Jin X, Xu Q. Effects of aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste in simulated hybrid bioreactor landfills. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2016; 66:1245-1256. [PMID: 27629922 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1209596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research has been conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement in simulated hybrid landfill bioreactors. Four laboratory-scale reactors were constructed and operated for about 10 months to simulate different bioreactor operations, including one anaerobic bioreactor and three hybrid bioreactors with different aeration frequencies (one, two, and four times per day). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) reduced more than 96% of the initial concentrations in all aerated bioreactors. The differences of COD and BOD5 reductions among tested aeration frequencies were relatively small. For ammonia nitrogen, the higher aeration frequency (two or four times per day) resulted in the quicker reduction. Overall, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn) decreased over time except Cd and Pb. The reduction of redox-sensitive metal concentrations (Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) was greater in aerated bioreactors than in anaerobic bioreactor. Settlement of municipal solid waste (MSW) was enhanced with higher frequency of aeration events (four times per day). IMPLICATIONS In recent years, hybird bioreactor landfill technology has gained a lot of attention. Appropriate aeration rate is crucial for hybrid bioreactor operation, but few studies have been done and different results were obtained. Research was conducted to investigate the effects of daily aeration frequency on leachate quality and waste settlement. Results indicated that aeration can effectively accelerate waste stabilization and remove organic carbon concentration and total nitrogen in the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hac Ko
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Ma
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- a Key Laboratory for Eco-Efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
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46
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Bartholameuz EM, Hettiaratchi JPA, Kumar S. Enhanced performance of the aerobic landfill reactor by augmentation of manganese peroxidase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:46-52. [PMID: 27347797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work discussed in this article was to determine the ability of an MnP augmented aerobic waste cell to reach stable conditions rapidly in terms of gas production, nutrient content and cellulose and hemicellulose to lignin ratio (C+H/L). Two types of experiments were conducted; small batch and laboratory scale lysimeter experiments. Results from batch experiments showed that enzyme added treatments have the capability to reach a stable C+H/L and lower gas production rates, faster than the treatments without enzyme addition. Enzyme enhancement of the lysimeter increased the rate of biodegradability of the waste; gas production increased more than two times and there was clear evidence of increase in nutrients (nitrogen, dissolved carbon, biological oxygen demand) in the lysimeter leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bartholameuz
- Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J P A Hettiaratchi
- Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education (CEERE), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - S Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, India
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47
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Pellera FM, Pasparakis E, Gidarakos E. Consecutive anaerobic-aerobic treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and lignocellulosic materials in laboratory-scale landfill-bioreactors. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:181-189. [PMID: 27497587 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The scope of this study is to evaluate the use of laboratory-scale landfill-bioreactors, operated consecutively under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, for the combined treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with two different co-substrates of lignocellulosic nature, namely green waste (GW) and dried olive pomace (DOP). According to the results such a system would represent a promising option for eventual larger scale applications. Similar variation patterns among bioreactors indicate a relatively defined sequence of processes. Initially operating the systems under anaerobic conditions would allow energetic exploitation of the substrates, while the implementation of a leachate treatment system ultimately aiming at nutrient recovery, especially during the anaerobic phase, could be a profitable option for the whole system, due to the high organic load that characterizes this effluent. In order to improve the overall effectiveness of such a system, measures towards enhancing methane contents of produced biogas, such as substrate pretreatment, should be investigated. Moreover, the subsequent aerobic phase should have the goal of stabilizing the residual materials and finally obtain an end material eventually suitable for other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantseska-Maria Pellera
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, 73100 Chania, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil Pasparakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, 73100 Chania, Greece.
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48
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Xu Q, Tian Y, Kim H, Ko JH. Comparison of biogas recovery from MSW using different aerobic-anaerobic operation modes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:190-195. [PMID: 27426021 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeration pretreatment was demonstrated as an efficient technology to promote methane recovery from a bioreactor landfill with high food waste content. In this study, a short-term experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of aerobic-anaerobic operation modes on biogas recovery. Three landfill-simulated columns (anaerobic control (A1), a constant aeration (C1) and a gradually reduced aeration (C2)) were constructed and operated for 130days. The aeration frequency was adjusted by oxygen consumption in an aerated MSW landfill. After aerobic pretreatment was halted, the methanogenic phase was rapidly developed in both the C1 and C2 columns, reducing the volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and increasing pH. The methane volumes per dry MSW produced from the C1 and C2 columns were approximately 62L/kg VS and 75L/kg VS, respectively, while methane produced from the A1 column was almost negligible. The result clearly showed that aerobic pretreatment with gradual reduction of aeration rates could not only improve methane recovery from waste decomposition, but also enhance leachate COD and VFA removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hwidong Kim
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gannon University, Erie, PA 16541, USA
| | - Jae Hac Ko
- Key Laboratory for Eco-efficient Polysilicate Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong 518055, China.
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49
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Cossu R, Morello L, Raga R, Cerminara G. Biogas production enhancement using semi-aerobic pre-aeration in a hybrid bioreactor landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:83-92. [PMID: 26531047 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling continues to be one of the main methods used in managing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Although in many countries national legislation aims to reduce this practice as much as possible, landfill is a necessary and unavoidable step in closing the material cycle. The need for innovative waste management techniques to improve landfill management and minimize the adverse environmental impact produced has resulted in an increasing interest in innovative systems capable of accelerating waste stabilization. Landfill bioreactors allow decomposition kinetics to be increased and post-operational phase to be shortened; in particular, hybrid bioreactors combine the benefits afforded by both aerobic and anaerobic processes. Six bioreactor simulators were used in the present study: four managed as hybrid, with an initial semi-aerobic phase and a second anaerobic phase, and two as anaerobic control bioreactors. The main goal of the first aerated phase is to reduce Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) in order to increase pH and enhance methane production during the anaerobic phase; for this reason, air injection was stopped only when these parameters reached the optimum range for methanogenic bacteria. Biogas and leachate were constantly monitored throughout the entire methanogenic phase with the aim of calibrating a Gompertz Model and evaluating the effects of pre-aeration on subsequent methane production. The results showed that moderate and intermittent pre-aeration produces a positive effect both on methane potential and in the kinetics of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaello Cossu
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Morello
- ICEA, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Raga
- DII, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerminara
- ICEA, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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50
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Fei X, Zekkos D, Raskin L. Quantification of parameters influencing methane generation due to biodegradation of municipal solid waste in landfills and laboratory experiments. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 55:276-287. [PMID: 26525969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The energy conversion potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed of in landfills remains largely untapped because of the slow and variable rate of biogas generation, delayed and inefficient biogas collection, leakage of biogas, and landfill practices and infrastructure that are not geared toward energy recovery. A database consisting of methane (CH4) generation data, the major constituent of biogas, from 49 laboratory experiments and field monitoring data from 57 landfills was developed. Three CH4 generation parameters, i.e., waste decay rate (k), CH4 generation potential (L0), and time until maximum CH4 generation rate (tmax), were calculated for each dataset using U.S. EPA's Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEM). Factors influencing the derived parameters in laboratory experiments and landfills were investigated using multi-linear regression analysis. Total weight of waste (W) was correlated with biodegradation conditions through a ranked classification scheme. k increased with increasing percentage of readily biodegradable waste (Br0 (%)) and waste temperature, and reduced with increasing W, an indicator of less favorable biodegradation conditions. The values of k obtained in the laboratory were commonly significantly higher than those in landfills and those recommended by LandGEM. The mean value of L0 was 98 and 88L CH4/kg waste for laboratory and field studies, respectively, but was significantly affected by waste composition with ranges from 10 to 300L CH4/kg. tmax increased with increasing percentage of biodegradable waste (B0) and W. The values of tmax in landfills were higher than those in laboratory experiments or those based on LandGEM's recommended parameters. Enhancing biodegradation conditions in landfill cells has a greater impact on improving k and tmax than increasing B0. Optimizing the B0 and Br0 values of landfilled waste increases L0 and reduces tmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchang Fei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States
| | - Dimitrios Zekkos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States.
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, United States
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