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Li Y, Xia D, Tao L, Xu Z, Yu D, Jin Q, Lin F, Huang H. Hydrothermally Assisted Conversion of Switchgrass into Hard Carbon as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28461-28472. [PMID: 38780280 PMCID: PMC11163401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a viable alternative to lithium-ion batteries, reducing the reliance on scarce transition metals. Converting agricultural biomass into SIB anodes can remarkably enhance sustainability in both the agriculture and battery industries. However, the complex and costly synthesis and unsatisfactory electrochemical performance of biomass-derived hard carbon have hindered its further development. Herein, we employed a hydrothermally assisted carbonization process that converts switchgrass to battery-grade hard carbon capable of efficient Na-ion storage. The hydrothermal pretreatment effectively removed hemicellulose and impurities (e.g., lipids and ashes), creating thermally stable precursors suitable to produce hard carbon via carbonization. The elimination of hemicellulose and impurities contributes to a reduced surface area and lower oxygen content. With the modifications, the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cycling stability are improved concurrently. The optimized hard carbon showcased a high reversible specific capacity of 313.4 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1, a commendable ICE of 84.8%, and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 308.4 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. In short, this research introduces a cost-effective method for producing anode materials for SIBs and highlights a sustainable pathway for biomass utilization, underscoring mutual benefits for the energy and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Virginia
Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dawei Xia
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Lei Tao
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Virginia
Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dajun Yu
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Virginia
Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Qing Jin
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Virginia
Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- School
of
Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, 5763 Rogers Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, 1040 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Haibo Huang
- Department
of Food Science and Technology, Virginia
Tech, 1230 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Han X, Tang S, Ma X, Liu W, Yang R, Zhang S, Wang N, Song X, Fu C, Yang R, Cao X. Blocking miR528 function promotes tillering and regrowth in switchgrass. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:712-721. [PMID: 37929781 PMCID: PMC10893936 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs have been reported to be the key regulators involving a wide range of biological processes in diverse plant species, but their functions in switchgrass, an important biofuel and forage crop, are largely unknown. Here, we reported the novel function of miR528, which has expanded to four copies in switchgrass, in controlling biomass trait of tillering number and regrowth rate after mowing. Blocking miR528 activity by expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) increased tiller number and regrowth rate after mowing. The quadruple pvmir528 mutant lines derived from genome editing also showed such improved traits. Degradome and RNA-seq analysis, combined with in situ hybridization assay revealed that up-regulation of two miR528 targets coding for Cu/Zn-SOD enzymes, might be responsible for the improved traits of tillering and regrowth in pvmir528 mutant. Additionally, natural variations in the miR528-SOD interaction exist in C3 and C4 monocot species, implying the distinct regulatory strength of the miR528-SOD module during monocot evolution. Overall, our data illuminated a novel role of miR528 in controlling biomass traits and provided a new target for genetic manipulation-mediated crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Han
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanjie Tang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wenwen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Shuaibin Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xianwei Song
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdaoChina
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdaoChina
| | - Rongxin Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering in Jiangxi Province, College of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityJiangxiChina
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Deshmukh M, Pathan A. Transformations of bamboo into bioethanol through biorefinery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3343-3360. [PMID: 38103136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy has prompted scholars to research alternative energy sources. Bamboo is a species of woody perennial grass that belongs to the Gramineae family and the Bambuseae subfamily. It could be considered a possible lignocellulosic substrate for the production of bioethanol due to its favourable environmental effects and increased yearly biomass yield. Non-renewable fossil fuels cannot provide enough energy to meet the needs of contemporary societies. Among the various alternative energy sources, bioethanol has drawn a lot of attention from people all around the world. This paper reviews the cost and process parameters for the synthesis of bioethanol from bamboo. This review aims to increase the effectiveness of the entire ethanol production process by focusing on pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. The emphasis of this review is on the efficient process for producing bioethanol while maintaining environmental sustainability. When compared to other NaOH pretreatment techniques, bamboo substrates prepared with NaOH and ultra-high-pressure explosion (UHPE) exhibit higher enzymatic hydrolyzability when processed under optimal conditions, such as 100 MPa, 121 °C, and 70 rpm for 2 h, yielding 89.7-95.1% ethanol after 24 h. The article lists the bamboo species responsible for creating each product, making it straightforward for producers to study and select the species based on whatever value-added product they wish to produce bioethanol with different parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Deshmukh
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India
| | - Aadil Pathan
- School of Petroleum Engineering, MIT World Peace University, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India.
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Vickram S, Manikandan S, Deena SR, Mundike J, Subbaiya R, Karmegam N, Jones S, Kumar Yadav K, Chang SW, Ravindran B, Kumar Awasthi M. Advanced biofuel production, policy and technological implementation of nano-additives for sustainable environmental management - A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129660. [PMID: 37573978 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This review article critically evaluates the significance of adopting advanced biofuel production techniques that employ lignocellulosic materials, waste biomass, and cutting-edge technology, to achieve sustainable environmental stewardship. Through the analysis of conducted research and development initiatives, the study highlights the potential of these techniques in addressing the challenges of feedstock supply and environmental impact and implementation policies that have historically plagued the conventional biofuel industry. The integration of state-of-the-art technologies, such as nanotechnology, pre-treatments and enzymatic processes, has shown considerable promise in enhancing the productivity, quality, and environmental performance of biofuel production. These developments have improved conversion methods, feedstock efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts. They aid in creating a greener and sustainable future by encouraging the adoption of sustainable feedstocks, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerating the shift to cleaner energy sources. To realize the full potential of these techniques, continued collaboration between academia, industry representatives, and policymakers remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Vickram
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S R Deena
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105. Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jhonnah Mundike
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Mines & Mineral Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside Jambo Drive, PO Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - R Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - N Karmegam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumathi Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, BIHER, Chennai, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China.
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5
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Crosby JR, Laemthong T, Bing RG, Zhang K, Tanwee TNN, Lipscomb GL, Rodionov DA, Zhang Y, Adams MWW, Kelly RM. Biochemical and Regulatory Analyses of Xylanolytic Regulons in Caldicellulosiruptor bescii Reveal Genus-Wide Features of Hemicellulose Utilization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0130222. [PMID: 36218355 PMCID: PMC9642015 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01302-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caldicellulosiruptor species scavenge carbohydrates from runoff containing plant biomass that enters hot springs and from grasses that grow in more moderate parts of thermal features. While only a few Caldicellulosiruptor species can degrade cellulose, all known species are hemicellulolytic. The most well-characterized species, Caldicellulosiruptor bescii, decentralizes its hemicellulase inventory across five different genomic loci and two isolated genes. Transcriptomic analyses, comparative genomics, and enzymatic characterization were utilized to assign functional roles and determine the relative importance of its six putative endoxylanases (five glycoside hydrolase family 10 [GH10] enzymes and one GH11 enzyme) and two putative exoxylanases (one GH39 and one GH3) in C. bescii. Two genus-wide conserved xylanases, C. bescii XynA (GH10) and C. bescii Xyl3A (GH3), had the highest levels of sugar release on oat spelt xylan, were in the top 10% of all genes transcribed by C. bescii, and were highly induced on xylan compared to cellulose. This indicates that a minimal set of enzymes are used to drive xylan degradation in the genus Caldicellulosiruptor, complemented by hemicellulolytic inventories that are tuned to specific forms of hemicellulose in available plant biomasses. To this point, synergism studies revealed that the pairing of specific GH family proteins (GH3, -11, and -39) with C. bescii GH10 proteins released more sugar in vitro than mixtures containing five different GH10 proteins. Overall, this work demonstrates the essential requirements for Caldicellulosiruptor to degrade various forms of xylan and the differences in species genomic inventories that are tuned for survival in unique biotopes with variable lignocellulosic substrates. IMPORTANCE Microbial deconstruction of lignocellulose for the production of biofuels and chemicals requires the hydrolysis of heterogeneous hemicelluloses to access the microcrystalline cellulose portion. This work extends previous in vivo and in vitro efforts to characterize hemicellulose utilization by integrating genomic reconstruction, transcriptomic data, operon structures, and biochemical characteristics of key enzymes to understand the deployment and functionality of hemicellulases by the extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Furthermore, comparative genomics of the genus revealed both conserved and divergent mechanisms for hemicellulose utilization across the 15 sequenced species, thereby paving the way to connecting functional enzyme characterization with metabolic engineering efforts to enhance lignocellulose conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Crosby
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tunyaboon Laemthong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan G. Bing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of the Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kinston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tania N. N. Tanwee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Gina L. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of the Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kinston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert M. Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Giannoulis KD, Bartzialis D, Skoufogianni E, Gintsioudis I, Danalatos NG. Could a Legume-Switchgrass Sod-Seeding System Increase Forage Productivity? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2970. [PMID: 36365422 PMCID: PMC9655220 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the lack of cattle feed, particularly green fodder, has become a key limiting factor in the agricultural economy. Switchgrass appears to offer a viable solution to the feed shortage. An improved cultivation practice might be needed to boost switchgrass forage production all season long. This study was conducted to quantify the positive effects of introducing different legume crops (vetch and pea), optimally fertilized, on the production and quality of mixed harvested switchgrass-legumes hay in late spring (May) and switchgrass hay harvested once more in early fall (September). The studied intercropping systems, independently of the legume species used, increased forage productivity (almost threefold), reaching 7.5 t ha-1 and quality characteristics, with protein content almost rising threefold, reaching 12.5%. The aforementioned practice can assist the perennial crop (switchgrass) in providing a high hay production during the early fall harvest, even without fertilization. The overall annual economic benefit for the farmers may be increased by 90-720 € per ha, depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Overall, it may be concluded that the suggested cropping system produces a significantly higher yield of cattle feed compared to traditional monocultures, improving the agricultural economy while reducing the negative effects of modern agriculture on the environment.
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7
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Kulyk MI, Rozhko II. Introduced and registered switchgrass varieties (Panicum virgatum L.) as a source material for breeding for biomass productivity. PLANT VARIETIES STUDYING AND PROTECTION 2022. [DOI: 10.21498/2518-1017.18.2.2022.265181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. On the basis of multi-year research on the complex of economically valuable characteristics, the best switchgrass varieties (Panicum virgatum L.) ‘Patfinder’, ‘Carthage’, ‘Blackwell’, ‘Morozko’, ‘Liadovske’ and ‘Zoriane’ were singled out as a source material for breeding for productivity.
Methods. The research was conducted during 2017–2021 on the basis of the Poltava State Agrarian University. The soils of the experimental site of the “Energy Crops” collection are typical chernozems with a humus content of 3.4%. Plots were planted with randomized placement of options in four-fold repetition according to the methods of experimental work in agronomy. Also, approved scientific-practical and methodical recommendations for growing energy crops were applied. To confirm the significant difference between the studied varieties, dispersion analysis using Excel and Statistica programs was used.
Results. Switchgrass varieties were grouped according to the duration of the growing season into: early- (up to 160 days), medium- (161–171 days) and late ripening (more than 170 days). The complex resistance of switchgrass varieties to drought, frost and plant lodging: ‘Cave-in-Rock’, ‘Zoriane’, ‘Morozko’ and ‘Liadovske’ was revealed. It was determined that economically valuable characteristics depend to a greater extent on varietal characteristics than on growing conditions. The yield of ground vegetative mass based on dry residue for the studied varieties varied from 12.1 to 15.6 t/ha.
Сonclusions. The varieties ‘Cave-in-Rock’, ‘Zoriane’, ‘Morozko’, ‘Liadovske’ were the most adaptable to growing conditions. The switchgrass varieties ‘Kanlow’ and ‘Cave-in-rock’ provided the highest plant stand and switchgrass variety ‘Dacotah’ provided the lowest plant stand. Varieties ‘Pathfinder’, ‘Blackwell’, ‘Shelter’, ‘Carthage’ and ‘Zoriane’ were singled out according to the number of stems and productivity. The latter, together with the Ukrainian variety ‘Zoriane’, are recommended to be used as starting material for crop selection based on biomass productivity.
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Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.
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Tiedge K, Destremps J, Solano-Sanchez J, Arce-Rodriguez ML, Zerbe P. Foxtail mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:71. [PMID: 35644680 PMCID: PMC9150325 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genome for the allotetraploid bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) has been established, limitations in mutant resources have hampered in planta gene function studies toward crop optimization. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a versatile technique for transient genetic studies. Here we report the implementation of foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV)-mediated gene silencing in switchgrass in above- and below-ground tissues and at different developmental stages. RESULTS The study demonstrated that leaf rub-inoculation is a suitable method for systemic gene silencing in switchgrass. For all three visual marker genes, Magnesium chelatase subunit D (ChlD) and I (ChlI) as well as phytoene desaturase (PDS), phenotypic changes were observed in leaves, albeit at different intensities. Gene silencing efficiency was verified by RT-PCR for all tested genes. Notably, systemic gene silencing was also observed in roots, although silencing efficiency was stronger in leaves (~ 63-94%) as compared to roots (~ 48-78%). Plants at a later developmental stage were moderately less amenable to VIGS than younger plants, but also less perturbed by the viral infection. CONCLUSIONS Using FoMV-mediated VIGS could be achieved in switchgrass leaves and roots, providing an alternative approach for studying gene functions and physiological traits in this important bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Tiedge
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, USA.
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, USA
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Hoang AT, Nizetic S, Ong HC, Chong CT, Atabani AE, Pham VV. Acid-based lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery for bioenergy production: Advantages, application constraints, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113194. [PMID: 34243094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of chemicals and fuels from renewable biomass with the primary aim of reducing carbon footprints has recently become one of the central points of interest. The use of lignocellulosic biomass for energy production is believed to meet the main criteria of maximizing the available global energy source and minimizing pollutant emissions. However, before usage in bioenergy production, lignocellulosic biomass needs to undergo several processes, among which biomass pretreatment plays an important role in the yield, productivity, and quality of the products. Acid-based pretreatment, one of the existing methods applied for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, has several advantages, such as short operating time and high efficiency. A thorough analysis of the characteristics of acid-based biomass pretreatment is presented in this review. The environmental concerns and future challenges involved in using acid pretreatment methods are discussed in detail to achieve clean and sustainable bioenergy production. The application of acid to biomass pretreatment is considered an effective process for biorefineries that aim to optimize the production of desired products while minimizing the by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Sandro Nizetic
- University of Split, FESB, Rudjera Boskovica 32, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - A E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratroy (AFRL), Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Van Viet Pham
- Institute of Maritime, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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11
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Naji SZ, Tye CT, Abd AA. State of the art of vegetable oil transformation into biofuels using catalytic cracking technology: Recent trends and future perspectives. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Tian D, Tang J, Luo L, Zhang Z, Du K, Larkin RM, Shi X, Zheng B. Influence of Switchgrass TDIF-like Genes on Arabidopsis Vascular Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:737219. [PMID: 34630487 PMCID: PMC8496505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) family, the dodecapeptide tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) has a major impact on vascular development in plants. However, the influence of polymorphisms in the TDIF peptide motif on activity remains poorly understood. The model plant, Arabidopsis provides a fast and effective tool for assaying the activity of TDIF homologs. Five TDIF homologs from a group of 93 CLE genes in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial biomass crop, named PvTDIF-like (PvTDIFL) genes were studied. The expression levels of PvTDIFL1, PvTDIFL3 MR3, and PvTDIFL3 MR2 were relatively high and all of them were expressed at the highest levels in the rachis of switchgrass. The precursor proteins for PvTDIFL1, PvTDIFL3MR3, and PvTDIFL3MR2 contained one, three, and two TDIFL motifs, respectively. Treatments with exogenous PvTDIFL peptides increased the number of stele cells in the hypocotyls of Arabidopsis seedlings, with the exception of PvTDIFL_4p. Heterologous expression of PvTDIFL1 in Arabidopsis strongly inhibited plant growth, increased cell division in the vascular tissue of the hypocotyl, and disrupted the cellular organization of the hypocotyl. Although heterologous expression of PvTDIFL3 MR3 and PvTDIFL3 MR2 also affected plant growth and vascular development, PvTDIFL activity was not enhanced by the multiple TDIFL motifs encoded by PvTDIFL3 MR3 and PvTDIFL3 MR2. These data indicate that in general, PvTDIFLs are functionally similar to Arabidopsis TDIF but that the processing and activities of the PvTDIFL peptides are more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingwen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kebing Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wang X, Li G, Sun Y, Qin Z, Feng P. Genome-wide analysis and characterization of GRAS family in switchgrass. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6096-6114. [PMID: 34477486 PMCID: PMC8806906 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicum virgatum, a model plant of cellulosic ethanol conversion, not only has high large biomass and strong adaptability to soil, but also grows well in marginal soil and has the advantage of improving saline-alkali soil. GRAS transcription factor gene family play important roles in individual environment adaption, and these vital functions has been proved in several plants, however, the research of GRAS in the development of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were limited. A comprehensive study was investigated to explore the relationship between GRAS gene family and resistance. According to the phylogenetic analysis, a total of 144 GRAS genes were identified and renamed which were classified into eight subfamilies. Chromosome distribution, tandem and segmental repeats analysis indicated that gene duplication events contributed a lot to the expansion of GRAS genes in the switchgrass genome. Sixty-six GRAS genes in switchgrass were identified as having orthologous genes with rice through gene duplication analysis. Most of these GRAS genes contained zero or one intron, and closely related genes in evolution shared similar motif composition. Interaction networks were analyzed including DELLA and ten interaction proteins that were primarily involved in gibberellin acid mediated signaling. Notably, online analysis indicated that the promoter regions of the identified PvGRAS genes contained many cis-elements including light responsive elements, suggesting that PvGRAS might involve in light signal cross-talking. This work provides key insights into resistance and bioavailability in switchgrass and would be helpful to further study the function of GRAS and GRAS-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongyu Qin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Feng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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14
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Banana Pseudostem Hydrolysate to Produce Bioethanol. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5543104. [PMID: 34335778 PMCID: PMC8294991 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana pseudostem (BPS) is an agricultural waste with a high holocellulose content, which, upon hydrolysis, releases fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. Different pretreatment methods, namely, 3% (w/v) NaOH, 5% (v/v) H2SO4, and liquid hot water, applied on the BPS resulted in the availability of 52%, 48%, and 25% cellulose after treatment, respectively. Saccharification of the pretreated BPS with 10 FPU/g dry solids (29.3 mg protein/g d.s) crude enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 at 50°C and a substrate loading of 10 to 15% released 3.8 to 21.8 g/L and from T. longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 released 5.4 to 43.5 g/L glucose to the biomass. Ethanol was produced through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of alkaline pretreated BPS hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae UL01 at 30°C and 100 rpm. Highest ethanol produced was 17.6 g/L. Banana pseudostem was shown as a potentially cheap substrate for bioethanol production.
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15
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Galán G, Martín M, Grossmann IE. Integrated Renewable Production of Sorbitol and Xylitol from Switchgrass. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:5558-5573. [PMID: 34795467 PMCID: PMC8592025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with the design of integrated facilities for the production of xylitol and sorbitol from lignocellulosic biomass. Xylitol can be obtained from xylose via fermentation or catalytic hydrogenation. Sorbitol is obtained from glucose, but preferably from fructose, and also via fermentation or catalytic hydrogenation. Fructose can be obtained from glucose via isomerization. Thus, a superstructure of alternatives is formulated to process switchgrass, corn stover, miscanthus, and other agricultural and forestry residues. Different pretreatments, such as dilute acid or ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), for the fractionation of the biomass are evaluated. Next, after hydrolysis, the C5 and C6 sugars are processed separately for which a catalytic or a fermentation stage are considered. Glucose has to be isomerized before it can be processed. Finally, crystallization in a multistage evaporator system is used for purification. The optimization of the system is done by the use of dilute acid and the catalytic system. A system of 3 crystallizers is selected. For a facility that produces 145 kt/yr of xylitol and 157.6 kt/yr of sorbitol, the investment adds up to 120.74 M€ for a production cost of 0.28 €/kg products. The inverse engineering of biomass was also performed resulting in a composition of 15% water, 20% cellulose, 40% hemicellulose, 15% lignin, and 5% ash. The closest biomass corresponds to Sargassum (brown algae), which is capable of producing 230.5 kt/yr of xylitol and 116 kt/yr of sorbitol with investment and production costs of 120.5 M€ and 0.25 €/kg products, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Galán
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plz Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plz Caidos 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Grossmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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16
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Anand G, Leibman-Markus M, Elkabetz D, Bar M. Method for the Production and Purification of Plant Immuno-Active Xylanase from Trichoderma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4214. [PMID: 33921693 PMCID: PMC8073006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants lack a circulating adaptive immune system to protect themselves against pathogens. Therefore, they have evolved an innate immune system based upon complicated and efficient defense mechanisms, either constitutive or inducible. Plant defense responses are triggered by elicitors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). These components are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which include plant cell surface receptors. Upon recognition, PRRs trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Ethylene Inducing Xylanase (EIX) is a fungal MAMP protein from the plant-growth-promoting fungi (PGPF)-Trichoderma. It elicits plant defense responses in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), making it an excellent tool in the studies of plant immunity. Xylanases such as EIX are hydrolytic enzymes that act on xylan in hemicellulose. There are two types of xylanases: the endo-1, 4-β-xylanases that hydrolyze within the xylan structure, and the β-d-xylosidases that hydrolyze the ends of the xylan chain. Xylanases are mainly synthesized by fungi and bacteria. Filamentous fungi produce xylanases in high amounts and secrete them in liquid cultures, making them an ideal system for xylanase purification. Here, we describe a method for cost- and yield-effective xylanase production from Trichoderma using wheat bran as a growth substrate. Xylanase produced by this method possessed xylanase activity and immunogenic activity, effectively inducing a hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and ROS burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
| | - Dorin Elkabetz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 91905, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 50250, Israel; (G.A.); (M.L.-M.); (D.E.)
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17
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Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030753. [PMID: 33535536 PMCID: PMC7867074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels has increased during the last few decades, the search for sustainable and renewable alternative sources has gained growing interest. Enzymatic hydrolysis in bioethanol production presents an important step, where sugars that are fermented are obtained in the final fermentation process. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, more and more new effective enzymes are being researched to ensure a more cost-effective process. There are many different enzyme strategies implemented in hydrolysis protocols, where different lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood feedstocks, different agricultural wastes, and marine algae are being used as substrates for an efficient bioethanol production. This review investigates the very recent enzymatic hydrolysis pathways in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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18
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Tiedge K, Muchlinski A, Zerbe P. Genomics-enabled analysis of specialized metabolism in bioenergy crops: current progress and challenges. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2020; 5:ysaa005. [PMID: 32995549 PMCID: PMC7445794 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce a staggering diversity of specialized small molecule metabolites that play vital roles in mediating environmental interactions and stress adaptation. This chemical diversity derives from dynamic biosynthetic pathway networks that are often species-specific and operate under tight spatiotemporal and environmental control. A growing divide between demand and environmental challenges in food and bioenergy crop production has intensified research on these complex metabolite networks and their contribution to crop fitness. High-throughput omics technologies provide access to ever-increasing data resources for investigating plant metabolism. However, the efficiency of using such system-wide data to decode the gene and enzyme functions controlling specialized metabolism has remained limited; due largely to the recalcitrance of many plants to genetic approaches and the lack of 'user-friendly' biochemical tools for studying the diverse enzyme classes involved in specialized metabolism. With emphasis on terpenoid metabolism in the bioenergy crop switchgrass as an example, this review aims to illustrate current advances and challenges in the application of DNA synthesis and synthetic biology tools for accelerating the functional discovery of genes, enzymes and pathways in plant specialized metabolism. These technologies have accelerated knowledge development on the biosynthesis and physiological roles of diverse metabolite networks across many ecologically and economically important plant species and can provide resources for application to precision breeding and natural product metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Tiedge
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew Muchlinski
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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19
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Chemical and Bioenergetic Characterization of Biofuels from Plant Biomass: Perspectives for Southern Europe. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The global demand for and, therefore, the production of primary energy is continuously increasing. Consequently, the need to intervene with appropriate measures has arisen in order to achieve sustainable economic, social, and environmental objectives. The reduction of fuel and electricity consumption, the containment of atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (like carbon dioxide, methane, other hydrocarbons, and nitrous oxide), and the improvement of environmental quality in urban centers can be considered to be among these objectives. The search for efficient measures for the overall improvement of the environment is directed towards the replacement of traditional fossil fuels with the production of bioenergy (also known as green energy) from different materials and biomasses obtained from specific agricultural activities and/or plant residues. These materials have physico-chemical and biological characteristics of interest regarding their use as sources of renewable energy. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the chemical and bioenergetic characteristics of biofuels, the main techniques and processes employed for their production, and the characteristics of the different feedstock materials, especially potential energy crops.
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20
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Effect of Biogas Digestate and Mineral Fertilisation on the Soil Properties and Yield and Nutritional Value of Switchgrass Forage. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a three-year application of digestate from an agricultural biogas plant on the physicochemical properties of highly acidic pHKCl 4.4 ± 0.23, silty loam soils with low macronutrient content and on the yield and nutritional value of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass harvested for green fodder. The experiment included the following treatments: (1) O (control)—no fertilisation, (2) NPK—mineral fertilisation with (in kg ha−1) 150 N, 53.0 P and 105 K, (3) biogas digestate at 30 m3 ha−1 and (4) biogas digestate at 60 m3 ha−1. The higher application rate of biogas digestate significantly reduced soil acidity to pHKCl 4.9 ± 0.18 and improved its sorption properties. It also increased the soil organic matter content from 5.6 ± 0.21 to 6.4 ± 0.22 g Corg kg−1 and of K and Zn. The higher level of biogas digestate significantly increased switchgrass yield to 5.15 ± 0.26 t ha−1. The lower application rate of biogas digestate resulted in forage yield of 4.30 ± 0.20 t ha−1 comparable to that obtained after mineral fertilisation (4.33 ± 0.22 t ha−1). Following application of mineral fertilisers and the higher level of biogas digestate, the number of panicles per plant (150 ± 2.49–157 ± 0.6.17), panicle height (107 ± 1.98–114 ± 2.08), crude ash content (61.2 ± 0.43–65.5 ± 0.38) and protein content (106 ± 0.59–92 ± 1.11) in the switchgrass biomass from the first cut were higher than in the case of unfertilised soil (110 ± 3.81, 93 ± 1.32, 55.5 ± 0.40, 80.3 ± 0.37). The use of mineral fertilisers and biogas digestate increased the content of protein, P and Mg in biomass from the second cut. The results suggest that the use of digestate improved the physicochemical properties of highly acidic soil and increased the yield of switchgrass forage without diminishing its nutritional value.
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21
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Deconstruction of plant biomass by a Cellulomonas strain isolated from an ultra-basic (lignin-stripping) spring. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1077-1084. [PMID: 32030461 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant material falling into the ultra-basic (pH 11.5-11.9) springs within The Cedars, an actively serpentinizing site in Sonoma County, California, is subject to conditions that mimic the industrial pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. We sought to obtain hemicellulolytic/cellulolytic bacteria from The Cedars springs that are capable of withstanding the extreme alkaline conditions wherein calcium hydroxide-rich water removes lignin, making cell wall polysaccharides more accessible to microorganisms and their enzymes. We enriched for such bacteria by adding plant debris from the springs into a synthetic alkaline medium with ground tissue of the biofuel crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as the sole source of carbon. From the enrichment culture we isolated the facultative anaerobic bacterium Cellulomonas sp. strain FA1 (NBRC 114238), which tolerates high pH and catabolizes the major plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. Strain FA1 in monoculture colonized the plant material and degraded switchgrass at a faster rate than the community from which it was derived. Cells of strain FA1 could be acclimated through subculturing to grow at a maximal concentration of 13.4% ethanol. A strain FA1-encoded β-1, 4-endoxylanase expressed in E. coli was active at a broad pH range, displaying near maximal activity at pH 6-9. Discovery of this bacterium illustrates the value of extreme alkaline springs in the search for microorganisms with potential for consolidated bioprocessing of plant biomass to biofuels and other valuable bio-inspired products.
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22
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Ighalo JO, Adeniyi AG. Modelling of thermochemical energy recovery processes for switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum). Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1711535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua O. Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adewale George Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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23
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Guan C, Cui X, Liu HY, Li X, Li MQ, Zhang YW. Proline Biosynthesis Enzyme Genes Confer Salt Tolerance to Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) in Cooperation With Polyamines Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:46. [PMID: 32117384 PMCID: PMC7033549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of proline metabolism necessitates the suppression of two Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase enzyme (P5CS) genes performed in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The results reveal that overexpressing PvP5CS1 and PvP5CS2 increased salt tolerance. Additionally, transcript levels of spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) synthesis and metabolism related genes were upregulated in PvP5CS OE-transgenic plants and downregulated in the PvP5CS RNAi transformants. According to salt stress assay and the measurement of transcript levels of Polyamines (PAs) metabolism-related genes, P5CS enzyme may not only be the key regulator of proline biosynthesis in switchgrass, but it may also indirectly affect the entire subset of pathway for ornithine to proline or to putrescine (Put). Furthermore, application of proline prompted expression levels of Spd and Spm synthesis and metabolism-related genes in both PvP5CS-RNAi and WT plants, but transcript levels were even lower in PvP5CS-RNAi compared to WT plants under salt stress condition. These results suggested that exogenous proline could accelerate polyamines metabolisms under salt stress. Nevertheless, the enzymes involved in this process and the potential functions remain poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study is to reveal how proline functions with PAs metabolism under salt stress in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-yue Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-qi Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-wei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China
- Beijing Sure Academy of Biosciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-wei Zhang,
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24
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Ahamed F, Song HS, Ooi CW, Ho YK. Modelling heterogeneity in cellulose properties predicts the slowdown phenomenon during enzymatic hydrolysis. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Guan C, Huang YH, Cen HF, Cui X, Tian DY, Zhang YW. Overexpression of the Lolium perenne L. delta1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthase (LpP5CS) gene results in morphological alterations and salinity tolerance in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219669. [PMID: 31310632 PMCID: PMC6634860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, Δ1-pyrroline- 5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis. In this study, we introduced the LpP5CS (Lolium perenne L.) gene into switchgrass by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic lines (TG) were classified into two groups based on their phenotypes and proline levels. The group I lines (TG4 and TG6) had relatively high proline levels and improved biomass yield. The group II lines (TG1 and TG2) showed low proline levels, severely delayed flowering, stunted growth and reduced biomass yield. Additionally, we used RNA-seq analysis to detect the most significant molecular changes, and we analyzed differentially expressed genes, such as flowering-related and CYP450 family genes. Moreover, the biomass yield, physiological parameters, and expression levels of reactive oxygen species scavenger-related genes under salt stress all indicated that the group I plants exhibited significantly increased salt tolerance compared with that of the control plants, in contrast to the group II plants. Thus, genetic improvement of switchgrass by overexpressing LpP5CS to increase proline levels is feasible for increasing plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Cen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Yang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China
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26
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Sombatpraiwan S, Junyusen T, Treeamnuk T, Junyusen P. Optimization of microwave‐assisted alkali pretreatment of cassava rhizome for enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield. Food Energy Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sakaya Sombatpraiwan
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Tiraporn Junyusen
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Tawarat Treeamnuk
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
| | - Payungsak Junyusen
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Engineering Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand
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Costa ACD, Cavalheiro GF, Vieira ERDQ, Gandra JR, Goes RHDTEBD, Paz MFD, Fonseca GG, Leite RSR. Catalytic properties of xylanases produced by Trichoderma piluliferum and Trichoderma viride and their application as additives in bovine feeding. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Muthuvelu KS, Rajarathinam R, Kanagaraj LP, Ranganathan RV, Dhanasekaran K, Manickam NK. Evaluation and characterization of novel sources of sustainable lignocellulosic residues for bioethanol production using ultrasound-assisted alkaline pre-treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:368-374. [PMID: 31109537 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research is focused on finding a sustainable and eco-friendly lignocellulosic biomass for the effective production of bioethanol to meet the world's energy demand. The present study investigates the bioethanol production potential of four different lignocellulosic biomass residues viz., Saccharum arundinaceum (hardy sugar cane), Arundo donax (giant reed), Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaved cattail), and Ipomoea carnea (pink morning glory). The maximum reducing sugar release showed 185.00 ± 1.57, 213.73 ± 3.47, 187.57 ± 2.14, 294.08 ± 3.98 mg/g and fermentation efficiency of 72.60 ± 8.17%, 82.59 ± 7.42%, 77.45 ± 7.35%, and 85.04 ± 8.37% which was analyzed by estimating the percentage of bioethanol yield were achieved for Saccharum arundinaceum, Arundo donax, Typha angustifolia, and Ipomoea carnea, respectively. The chemical composition of biomass was characterized using National Renewable Energy Limited (NREL) protocol. The effect of ultrasound (US)-assisted alkaline pre-treatment on the four biomasses was characterized by different techniques. The cavitation phenomena of US-assisted alkaline pre-treatment was evident from the decreased value of lignin percentage, increased surface porosity and area, changes in crystallinity index (CrI) values and in the functional groups of biomass. The results revealed that all the four lignocellulosic biomass residues could be utilized as an effective and sustainable source for the production of bioethanol using US-assisted sodium hydroxide as a pre-treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirupa Sankar Muthuvelu
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravikumar Rajarathinam
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Logu Prasanth Kanagaraj
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakhesh Vaasan Ranganathan
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthiharan Dhanasekaran
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Manickam
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rego ASC, Valim IC, Vieira AAS, Vilani C, Santos BF. Optimization of sugarcane bagasse pretreatment using alkaline hydrogen peroxide through ANN and ANFIS modelling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:634-641. [PMID: 30059943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares the optimization using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in the sugarcane bagasse delignification process using Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide (AHP). Two variables were assessed experimentally: temperature (25-45 °C) and hydrogen peroxide concentration (1.5-7.5%(w/v)). The Klason Method was used to measure the amount of insoluble lignin, the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the glucose and xylose concentrations and the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to identify oxidized lignin structure in the samples. The analytical results were used for training and testing of ANN and ANFIS models. The statistical quality of the models was significant due to the low values of the errors indices (RMSE) and determination coefficient R2 between experimental and calculated values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur S C Rego
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Isabelle C Valim
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Anna A S Vieira
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Cecília Vilani
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Brunno F Santos
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225 - Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil.
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Zuo C, Tang Y, Fu H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao B, Xu Y. Elucidation and analyses of the regulatory networks of upland and lowland ecotypes of switchgrass in response to drought and salt stresses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204426. [PMID: 30248119 PMCID: PMC6152977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass is an important bioenergy crop typically grown in marginal lands, where the plants must often deal with abiotic stresses such as drought and salt. Alamo is known to be more tolerant to both stress types than Dacotah, two ecotypes of switchgrass. Understanding of their stress response and adaptation programs can have important implications to engineering more stress tolerant plants. We present here a computational study by analyzing time-course transcriptomic data of the two ecotypes to elucidate and compare their regulatory systems in response to drought and salt stresses. A total of 1,693 genes (target genes or TGs) are found to be differentially expressed and possibly regulated by 143 transcription factors (TFs) in response to drought stress together in the two ecotypes. Similarly, 1,535 TGs regulated by 110 TFs are identified to be involved in response to salt stress. Two regulatory networks are constructed to predict their regulatory relationships. In addition, a time-dependent hidden Markov model is derived for each ecotype responding to each stress type, to provide a dynamic view of how each regulatory network changes its behavior over time. A few new insights about the response mechanisms are predicted from the regulatory networks and the time-dependent models. Comparative analyses between the network models of the two ecotypes reveal key commonalities and main differences between the two regulatory systems. Overall, our results provide new information about the complex regulatory mechanisms of switchgrass responding to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunman Zuo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., Ardmore, OK, United States of America
| | - Hao Fu
- North Automatic Control Technology Institute, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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31
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Chen Z, Reznicek WD, Wan C. Deep eutectic solvent pretreatment enabling full utilization of switchgrass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:40-48. [PMID: 29729540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an acidified, aqueous DES comprising choline chloride: glycerol (ChCl:Gly) was used to fractionate switchgrass into three major streams under a relatively mild condition: cellulose-rich pulp, lignin, and xylose-rich liquor. The pulp showed good digestibility with about 89% glucose yield. The solvent can be recycled successfully and reused for at least four more pretreatment cycles while maintaining its pretreatment capability. The solvent recycling also improved the lignin recovery from the pretreatment liquor. Lignin recovered from different pretreatment cycles had the β-O-4 bonds preserved, and shared similar structures with native lignin. Using the pretreatment liquor as a substrate, the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides produced 18.7 g/L biomass with lipid and carotenoid titers of 8.1 g/L and 15.0 mg/L, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated a green process integrating chemical and biological methods toward full utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Wesley D Reznicek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Hu M, Yu H, Li Y, Li A, Cai Q, Liu P, Tu Y, Wang Y, Hu R, Hao B, Peng L, Xia T. Distinct polymer extraction and cellulose DP reduction for complete cellulose hydrolysis under mild chemical pretreatments in sugarcane. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 202:434-443. [PMID: 30287020 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, liquid hot water (LHW) and chemical (H2SO4, NaOH, CaO) pretreatments were performed in Saccharum species including sugarcane bagasse. In comparison, the LHW and CaO pretreatments significantly enhanced biomass enzymatic hydrolysis, leading to much high bioethanol yield obtained at 19% (% dry matter) with an almost complete hexoses-ethanol conversion in the desirable So5 bagasse sample. Despite the LHW and CaO are distinctive for extracting hemicellulose and lignin, both pretreatments largely reduced cellulose degree of polymerization for enhanced lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification. Further chemical analysis indicated that the pretreated So5 sample had much lower cellulose crystalline index, hemicellulosic Xyl/Ara and lignin S/H ratio than those of other biomass samples, which explained that the So5 had the highest bioethanol yield among Saccharum species. Therefore, a mechanism model was proposed to elucidate how mild pretreatments could enhance biomass enzymatic saccharification for a high bioethanol production in the desirable sugarcane bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hua Yu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Guangdong Provincial Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Ao Li
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiuming Cai
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yanting Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ruofei Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province 441053, China.
| | - Bo Hao
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Xia
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Guan C, Huang YH, Cui X, Liu SJ, Zhou YZ, Zhang YW. Overexpression of gene encoding the key enzyme involved in proline-biosynthesis (PuP5CS) to improve salt tolerance in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1187-1199. [PMID: 29802436 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement through overexpressing PuP5CS in switchgrass is feasible for enhancing plant salt stress tolerance. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has developed into a dedicated bioenergy crop. To improve the biomass production of switchgrass grown on different types of soil, abiotic stress tolerance traits are considered for its genetic improvement. Proline accumulation is a widespread response when plants are subjected to abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and salinity. In plants, P5CS gene encodes the key regulatory enzyme that plays a crucial role in proline biosynthesis. Here, we introduced the PuP5CS gene (from Puccinellia chinampoensis) into switchgrass by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic lines overexpressing the PuP5CS gene showed phenotypic advantages, in leaf width, internode diameter, internode length, tiller numbers and precocious flowering under normal conditions, and the transgenic lines displayed better regenerative capacity in forming more tillers after harvest. Moreover, the PuP5CS gene enhanced the salt tolerance of transgenic switchgrass by altering a wide range of physiological responses. In accordance with the physiological results, histological analysis of cross sections through the leaf blade showed that the areas of bulliform cells and bundle sheath cells were significantly increased in PuP5CS-overexpressing leaves. The expression levels of ROS scavenging-associated genes in transgenic plants were higher than in control plants under salt stress. The results show that genetic improvement through overexpressing PuP5CS in switchgrass is feasible for enhancing plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan-Hua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yun-Zhuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yun-Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Mingyuan Xi Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass (NECB), Beijing, China.
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34
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Cizeikiene D, Juodeikiene G, Damasius J. Use of wheat straw biomass in production of L-lactic acid applying biocatalysis and combined lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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35
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Hu G, Liu Y, Duo T, Zhao B, Cui G, Ji J, Kuang X, Ervin EH, Zhang X. Antioxidant metabolism variation associated with alkali-salt tolerance in thirty switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199681. [PMID: 29940015 PMCID: PMC6016911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major factor limiting crop growth and development in many areas. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important warm-season grass species used for biofuel production. The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant metabolism, proline,and protein variation associated with alkali-salt tolerance among 30 switchgrass lines and identify metabolic markers for evaluating alkali-salt tolerance of switchgrass lines. The grass lines were transplanted into plastic pots containing fine sand. When the plants reached E5 developmental stage, they were subjected to either alkali-salt stress treatment (150 mM Na+ and pH of 9.5) or control (no alkali-salt stress) for 20 d. The 30 switchgrass lines differed in alkali-salt tolerance as determined by the level of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activity [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], proline and protein. Alkali-salt stress increased MDA, proline, SOD, reduced CAT activity, but its effect on protein and APX varied depending on lines. Wide variations in the five parameters existed among the 30 lines. In general, the lines with higher CAT activity and lower proline content under alkali-salt stress had less MDA, exhibiting better alkali-salt tolerance. Among the five parameters, CAT can be considered as valuable metabolic markers for assessment of switchgrass tolerance to alkali-salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Danzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Duo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Erik H Ervin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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36
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Zuo C, Blow M, Sreedasyam A, Kuo RC, Ramamoorthy GK, Torres-Jerez I, Li G, Wang M, Dilworth D, Barry K, Udvardi M, Schmutz J, Tang Y, Xu Y. Revealing the transcriptomic complexity of switchgrass by PacBio long-read sequencing. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:170. [PMID: 29951114 PMCID: PMC6009963 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important bioenergy crop widely used for lignocellulosic research. While extensive transcriptomic analyses have been conducted on this species using short read-based sequencing techniques, very little has been reliably derived regarding alternatively spliced (AS) transcripts. RESULTS We present an analysis of transcriptomes of six switchgrass tissue types pooled together, sequenced using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecular long-read technology. Our analysis identified 105,419 unique transcripts covering 43,570 known genes and 8795 previously unknown genes. 45,168 are novel transcripts of known genes. A total of 60,096 AS transcripts are identified, 45,628 being novel. We have also predicted 1549 transcripts of genes involved in cell wall construction and remodeling, 639 being novel transcripts of known cell wall genes. Most of the predicted transcripts are validated against Illumina-based short reads. Specifically, 96% of the splice junction sites in all the unique transcripts are validated by at least five Illumina reads. Comparisons between genes derived from our identified transcripts and the current genome annotation revealed that among the gene set predicted by both analyses, 16,640 have different exon-intron structures. CONCLUSIONS Overall, substantial amount of new information is derived from the PacBio RNA data regarding both the transcriptome and the genome of switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunman Zuo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- BESC BioEnergy Research Center, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA
| | - Matthew Blow
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
| | | | - Rita C. Kuo
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
| | | | | | - Guifen Li
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
| | - David Dilworth
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
| | | | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- BESC BioEnergy Research Center, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK USA
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- BESC BioEnergy Research Center, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA
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Yang M, Xu M, Nan Y, Kuittinen S, Kamrul Hassan M, Vepsäläinen J, Xin D, Zhang J, Pappinen A. Influence of size reduction treatments on sugar recovery from Norway spruce for butanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:113-120. [PMID: 29494838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the effectiveness of pretreatment is limited by a size reduction of Norway spruce wood in biobutanol production. The spruce was milled, chipped, and mashed for hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAC) and dilute acid (DA) pretreatment. Sugar recoveries from chipped and mashed spruce after enzymatic hydrolysis were higher than from milled spruce, and the recoveries were not correlated with the spruce fiber length. HPAC pretreatment resulted in almost 100% glucose and 88% total reducing sugars recoveries from chipped spruce, which were apparently higher than DA pretreatment, demonstrating greater effectiveness of HPAC pretreatment on sugar production. The butanol and ABE yield from chipped spruce were 126.5 and 201.2 g/kg pretreated spruce, respectively. The yields decreased with decreasing particle size due to biomass loss in the pretreatment. The results suggested that Norway spruce chipped to a 20 mm length is applicable to the production of platform sugars for butanol fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China; School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Minyuan Xu
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Yufei Nan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Suvi Kuittinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Md Kamrul Hassan
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Donglin Xin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, 712100 Yangling, China.
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI80101 Joensuu, Finland
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38
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Yin H, Liu L, Wang X, Wang T, Zhou Y, Liu B, Shan Y, Wang L, Lü X. A novel flocculant prepared by lignin nanoparticles-gelatin complex from switchgrass for the capture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Xu W, Liu W, Ye R, Mazarei M, Huang D, Zhang X, Stewart CN. A profilin gene promoter from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) directs strong and specific transgene expression to vascular bundles in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:587-597. [PMID: 29340787 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A switchgrass vascular tissue-specific promoter (PvPfn2) and its 5'-end serial deletions drive high levels of vascular bundle transgene expression in transgenic rice. Constitutive promoters are widely used for crop genetic engineering, which can result in multiple off-target effects, including suboptimal growth and epigenetic gene silencing. These problems can be potentially avoided using tissue-specific promoters for targeted transgene expression. One particularly urgent need for targeted cell wall modification in bioenergy crops, such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), is the development of vasculature-active promoters to express cell wall-affective genes only in the specific tissues, i.e., xylem and phloem. From a switchgrass expression atlas we identified promoter sequence upstream of a vasculature-specific switchgrass profilin gene (PvPfn2), especially in roots, nodes and inflorescences. When the putative full-length (1715 bp) and 5'-end serial deletions of the PvPfn2 promoter (shortest was 413 bp) were used to drive the GUS reporter expression in stably transformed rice (Oryza sativa L.), strong vasculature-specificity was observed in various tissues including leaves, leaf sheaths, stems, and flowers. The promoters were active in both phloem and xylem. It is interesting to note that the promoter was active in many more tissues in the heterologous rice system than in switchgrass. Surprisingly, all four 5'-end promoter deletions, including the shortest fragment, had the same expression patterns as the full-length promoter and with no attenuation in GUS expression in rice. These results indicated that the PvPfn2 promoter variants are new tools to direct transgene expression specifically to vascular tissues in monocots. Of special interest is the very compact version of the promoter, which could be of use for vasculature-specific genetic engineering in monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Xu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rongjian Ye
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Debao Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Gyamerah M, Ampaw-Asiedu M, Mackey J, Menezes B, Woldesenbet S. Effect of Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride on growth and co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose by Zymomonas mobilis AX101. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:549-557. [PMID: 29573262 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of large-scale lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis to fermentable sugars using ionic liquids has increased interest in this green chemistry route to fermentation for fuel-ethanol production. The ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride compared to other reported ionic liquids has the advantage of hydrolysing lignocellulosic biomass to reducing sugars at catalytic concentrations (≤0·032 mol l-1 ) in a single step. However, effects of this ionic liquid on co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose to ethanol by recombinant Zymomonas mobilisAX101 has not been studied. Authentic glucose, xylose and arabinose were used to formulate fermentation media at varying catalytic 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride concentrations for batch co-fermentation of the sugars using Z. mobilisAX101. The results showed that at 0·008, 0·016 and 0·032 mol l-1 ionic liquid in the culture medium, cell growth decreased by 10, 27 and 67% respectively compared to the control. Ethanol yields were 62·6, 61·8, 50·5 and 23·1% for the control, 0·008, 0·016 and 0·032 mol l-1 ionic liquid respectively. The results indicate that lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysed using 0·008 mol l-1 of 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride would eliminate an additional separation step and provide a ready to use fermentation substrate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This is the first reported study of the effect of the Brönsted acidic ionic liquid 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride on growth and co-fermentation of glucose, xylose and arabinose by Zymomonas mobilisAX101 in batch culture. Growth on and co-fermentation of the sugars by Z. mobilisAX 101 with no significant inhibition by the ionic liquid at the same catalytic amounts of 0·008 mol l-1 used to hydrolyse lignocellulosic biomass to reducing sugars overcome two major hurdles that adversely affect the process economics of large-scale industrial cellulosic fuel ethanol production; the energy-intensive hydrolysis and ionic liquid separation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyamerah
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - M Ampaw-Asiedu
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - J Mackey
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - B Menezes
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
| | - S Woldesenbet
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A& M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
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Wu W, Rondon V, Weeks K, Pullammanappallil P, Ingram LO, Shanmugam KT. Phosphoric acid based pretreatment of switchgrass and fermentation of entire slurry to ethanol using a simplified process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:171-180. [PMID: 29274857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Alamo) was pretreated with phosphoric acid (0.75 and 1%, w/w) at three temperatures (160, 175 and 190 °C) and time (5, 7.5 and 10 min) using a steam gun. The slurry after pretreatment was liquefied by enzymes and the released sugars were fermented in a simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation process to ethanol using ethanologenic Escherichia coli strain SL100. Among the three variables in pretreatment, temperature and time were critical in supporting ethanol titer and yield. Enzyme hydrolysis significantly increased the concentration of furans in slurries, apparently due to release of furans bound to the solids. The highest ethanol titer of 21.2 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol obtained at the pretreatment condition of 190-1-7.5 (temperature-acid concentration-time) and 10% solids loading accounted for 190 ± 2.9 g ethanol/kg of raw switch grass. This converts to 61.7 gallons of ethanol per ton of dry switchgrass, a value that is comparable to other published pretreatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Vanessa Rondon
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Kalvin Weeks
- Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | | | - Lonnie O Ingram
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Stan Mayfield Biorefinery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - K T Shanmugam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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42
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Changes in Lignin Chemistry of Switchgrass due to Delignification by Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Yang M, Tian X, You F. Manufacturing Ethylene from Wet Shale Gas and Biomass: Comparative Technoeconomic Analysis and Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minbo Yang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xueyu Tian
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Fengqi You
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Bundhoo ZMA, Mohee R. Ultrasound-assisted biological conversion of biomass and waste materials to biofuels: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:298-313. [PMID: 28946428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound irradiation has been gaining increasing interests over the years to assist biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials to biofuels. As such, this study reviewed the different effects of sonication on pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials prior to biofuel production. The mechanisms of ultrasound irradiation as a pre-treatment technique were initially described and the impacts of sonication on disruption of lignocellulosic materials, alteration of the crystalline lattice structure of cellulose molecules, solubilisation of organic matter, reducing sugar production and enzymatic hydrolysis were then reviewed. Subsequently, the influences of ultrasound irradiation on bio-methane, bio-hydrogen and bio-ethanol production were re-evaluated, with most studies reporting enhanced biofuel production from anaerobic digestion or fermentation processes. Nonetheless, despite its positive impacts on biofuel production, sonication was found to be energetically inefficient based on the lab-scale studies reviewed. To conclude, this study reviewed some of the challenges of ultrasound irradiation for enhanced biofuel production while outlining some areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumar M A Bundhoo
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.
| | - Romeela Mohee
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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Schluttenhofer C, Yuan L. Challenges towards Revitalizing Hemp: A Multifaceted Crop. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:917-929. [PMID: 28886910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hemp has been an important crop throughout human history for food, fiber, and medicine. Despite significant progress made by the international research community, the basic biology of hemp plants remains insufficiently understood. Clear objectives are needed to guide future research. As a semi-domesticated plant, hemp has many desirable traits that require improvement, including eliminating seed shattering, enhancing the quantity and quality of stem fiber, and increasing the accumulation of phytocannabinoids. Methods to manipulate the sex of hemp plants will also be important for optimizing yields of seed, fiber, and cannabinoids. Currently, research into trait improvement is hindered by the lack of molecular techniques adapted to hemp. Here we review how addressing these limitations will help advance our knowledge of plant biology and enable us to fully domesticate and maximize the agronomic potential of this promising crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Schluttenhofer
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; The Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; The Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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46
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Bioavailability of Carbohydrate Content in Natural and Transgenic Switchgrasses for the Extreme Thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor bescii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28625990 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00969-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving access to the carbohydrate content of lignocellulose is key to reducing recalcitrance for microbial deconstruction and conversion to fuels and chemicals. Caldicellulosiruptor bescii completely solubilizes naked microcrystalline cellulose, yet this transformation is impeded within the context of the plant cell wall by a network of lignin and hemicellulose. Here, the bioavailability of carbohydrates to C. bescii at 70°C was examined for reduced lignin transgenic switchgrass lines COMT3(+) and MYB Trans, their corresponding parental lines (cultivar Alamo) COMT3(-) and MYB wild type (WT), and the natural variant cultivar Cave-in-Rock (CR). Transgenic modification improved carbohydrate solubilization by C. bescii to 15% (2.3-fold) for MYB and to 36% (1.5-fold) for COMT, comparable to the levels achieved for the natural variant, CR (36%). Carbohydrate solubilization was nearly doubled after two consecutive microbial fermentations compared to one microbial step, but it never exceeded 50% overall. Hydrothermal treatment (180°C) prior to microbial steps improved solubilization 3.7-fold for the most recalcitrant line (MYB WT) and increased carbohydrate recovery to nearly 50% for the least recalcitrant lines [COMT3(+) and CR]. Alternating microbial and hydrothermal steps (T→M→T→M) further increased bioavailability, achieving carbohydrate solubilization ranging from 50% for MYB WT to above 70% for COMT3(+) and CR. Incomplete carbohydrate solubilization suggests that cellulose in the highly lignified residue was inaccessible; indeed, residue from the T→M→T→M treatment was primarily glucan and inert materials (lignin and ash). While C. bescii could significantly solubilize the transgenic switchgrass lines and natural variant tested here, additional or alternative strategies (physical, chemical, enzymatic, and/or genetic) are needed to eliminate recalcitrance.IMPORTANCE Key to a microbial process for solubilization of plant biomass is the organism's access to the carbohydrate content of lignocellulose. Economically viable routes will characteristically minimize physical, chemical, and biological pretreatment such that microbial steps contribute to the greatest extent possible. Recently, transgenic versions of plants and trees have been developed with the intention of lowering the barrier to lignocellulose conversion, with particular focus on lignin content and composition. Here, the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor bescii was used to solubilize natural and genetically modified switchgrass lines, with and without the aid of hydrothermal treatment. For lignocellulose conversion, it is clear that the microorganism, plant biomass substrate, and processing steps must all be considered simultaneously to achieve optimal results. Whether switchgrass lines engineered for low lignin or natural variants with desirable properties are used, conversion will depend on microbial access to crystalline cellulose in the plant cell wall.
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Dumitrache A, Natzke J, Rodriguez M, Yee KL, Thompson OA, Poovaiah CR, Shen H, Mazarei M, Baxter HL, Fu C, Wang Z, Biswal AK, Li G, Srivastava AC, Tang Y, Stewart CN, Dixon RA, Nelson RS, Mohnen D, Mielenz J, Brown SD, Davison BH. Transgenic switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) targeted for reduced recalcitrance to bioconversion: a 2-year comparative analysis of field-grown lines modified for target gene or genetic element expression. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:688-697. [PMID: 27862852 PMCID: PMC5425389 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Panicum virgatum L. silencing (KD) or overexpressing (OE) specific genes or a small RNA (GAUT4-KD, miRNA156-OE, MYB4-OE, COMT-KD and FPGS-KD) was grown in the field and aerial tissue analysed for biofuel production traits. Clones representing independent transgenic lines were established and senesced tissue was sampled after year 1 and 2 growth cycles. Biomass was analysed for wall sugars, recalcitrance to enzymatic digestibility and biofuel production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation. No correlation was found between plant carbohydrate content and biofuel production pointing to overriding structural and compositional elements that influence recalcitrance. Biomass yields were greater for all lines in the second year as plants establish in the field and standard amounts of biomass analysed from each line had more glucan, xylan and less ethanol (g/g basis) in the second- versus the first-year samples, pointing to a broad increase in tissue recalcitrance after regrowth from the perennial root. However, biomass from second-year growth of transgenics targeted for wall modification, GAUT4-KD, MYB4-OE, COMT-KD and FPGS-KD, had increased carbohydrate and ethanol yields (up to 12% and 21%, respectively) compared with control samples. The parental plant lines were found to have a significant impact on recalcitrance which can be exploited in future strategies. This summarizes progress towards generating next-generation bio-feedstocks with improved properties for microbial and enzymatic deconstruction, while providing a comprehensive quantitative analysis for the bioconversion of multiple plant lines in five transgenic strategies.
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Malmierca S, Díez-Antolínez R, Paniagua AI, Martín M. Technoeconomic Study of Biobutanol AB Production. 1. Biomass Pretreatment and Hydrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Malmierca
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plz. Caídos 1.5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Center
of Biofuels and Bioproducts, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 24358 Villarejo
de Órbigo, León, Spain
| | - Rebeca Díez-Antolínez
- Center
of Biofuels and Bioproducts, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 24358 Villarejo
de Órbigo, León, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Paniagua
- Center
of Biofuels and Bioproducts, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 24358 Villarejo
de Órbigo, León, Spain
| | - Mariano Martín
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Salamanca, Plz. Caídos 1.5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Poudel S, Giannone RJ, Rodriguez M, Raman B, Martin MZ, Engle NL, Mielenz JR, Nookaew I, Brown SD, Tschaplinski TJ, Ussery D, Hettich RL. Integrated omics analyses reveal the details of metabolic adaptation of Clostridium thermocellum to lignocellulose-derived growth inhibitors released during the deconstruction of switchgrass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:14. [PMID: 28077967 PMCID: PMC5223564 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium thermocellum is capable of solubilizing and converting lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol. Although much of the work-to-date has centered on characterizing this microbe's growth on model cellulosic substrates, such as cellobiose, Avicel, or filter paper, it is vitally important to understand its metabolism on more complex, lignocellulosic substrates to identify relevant industrial bottlenecks that could undermine efficient biofuel production. To this end, we have examined a time course progression of C. thermocellum grown on switchgrass to assess the metabolic and protein changes that occur during the conversion of plant biomass to ethanol. RESULTS The most striking feature of the metabolome was the observed accumulation of long-chain, branched fatty acids over time, implying an adaptive restructuring of C. thermocellum's cellular membrane as the culture progresses. This is undoubtedly a response to the gradual accumulation of lignocellulose-derived inhibitory compounds as the organism deconstructs the switchgrass to access the embedded cellulose. Corroborating the metabolomics data, proteomic analysis revealed a corresponding time-dependent increase in various enzymes, including those involved in the interconversion of branched amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine to iso- and anteiso-fatty acid precursors. Additionally, the metabolic accumulation of hemicellulose-derived sugars and sugar alcohols concomitant with increased abundance of enzymes involved in C5 sugar metabolism/pentose phosphate pathway indicates that C. thermocellum shifts glycolytic intermediates to alternate pathways to modulate overall carbon flux in response to C5 sugar metabolites that increase during lignocellulose deconstruction. CONCLUSIONS Integrated omic platforms provided complementary systems biological information that highlight C. thermocellum's specific response to cytotoxic inhibitors released during the deconstruction and utilization of switchgrass. These additional viewpoints allowed us to fully realize the level to which the organism adapts to an increasingly challenging culture environment-information that will prove critical to C. thermocellum's industrial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Poudel
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | | | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Babu Raman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
| | - Madhavi Z. Martin
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | - Nancy L. Engle
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
| | | | - Intawat Nookaew
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Steven D. Brown
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | | | - David Ussery
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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50
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Armah-Agyeman G, Gyamerah M, Biney PO, Woldesenbet S. Extraction and characterization of triglycerides from coffeeweed and switchgrass seeds as potential feedstocks for biodiesel production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4390-4397. [PMID: 26805469 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although switchgrass has been developed as a biofuel feedstock and its potential for bioethanol and bio-oil from fast pyrolysis reported in the literature, the use of the seeds of switchgrass as a source of triglycerides for biodiesel production has not been reported. Similarly, the potential for extracting triglycerides from coffeeweed (an invasive plant of no current economic value) needs to be investigated to ascertain its potential economic use for biodiesel production. RESULTS The results show that coffeeweed and switchgrass seeds contain known triglycerides which are 983 and 1000 g kg(-1) respectively of the fatty acids found in edible vegetable oils such as sunflower, corn and soybean oils. In addition, the triglyceride yields of 53-67 g kg(-1) of the seed samples are in the range of commercial oil-producing seeds such as corn (42 g kg(-1) ). CONCLUSION The results also indicate that the two non-edible oils could be used as substitutes for edible oil for biodiesel production. In addition, the use of seeds of switchgrass for non-edible oil production (as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel) further increases the total biofuel yield when switchgrass is cultivated for use as energy feedstock for pyrolysis oil and biodiesel production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Armah-Agyeman
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, PO Box 519, MS 2500, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, 122 Rockland Lane, SUNY-Cobleskill, Cobleskill, NY, 12043, USA
| | - Michael Gyamerah
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, PO Box 519, MS 2500, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 519, MS 2505, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
| | - Paul O Biney
- NSF CREST Center for Energy & Environmental Sustainability, Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, PO Box 519, MS 2500, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PO Box 519, MS 2525, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
| | - Selamawit Woldesenbet
- Cooperative Agricultural Research Center, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA
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