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Ennaceri H, Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR. Nano-clay modified membranes: A promising green strategy for microalgal antifouling filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166479. [PMID: 37611702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major challenge which limits the sustainable application of membrane filtration-based microalgal harvesting at industrial level. Membrane fouling leads to increased operational and maintenance costs and represents a major obstacle to microalgal downstream processing. Nano-clays are promising naturally occurring nanoparticles in membrane fabrication due to their low-cost, facile preparation, and their superior properties in terms of surface hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and resistance against chemicals. The membrane surface modification using nano-clays is a sustainable promising approach to improve membranes mechanical properties and their fouling resistance. However, the positive effects of nano-clay particles on membrane fouling are often limited by aggregation and poor adhesion to the base polymeric matrix. This review surveys the recent efforts to achieve anti-fouling behavior using membrane surface modification with nano-clay fillers. Further, strategies to achieve a better incorporation of nano-clay in the polymer matrix of the membrane are summarised, and the factors that govern the membrane fouling, stability, adhesion, agglomeration and leaching are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ennaceri
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Victor Okorie Mkpuma
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
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2
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Popa DG, Lupu C, Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Oancea F. Humic Substances as Microalgal Biostimulants—Implications for Microalgal Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050327. [PMID: 35621978 PMCID: PMC9143693 DOI: 10.3390/md20050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) act as biostimulants for terrestrial photosynthetic organisms. Their effects on plants are related to specific HS features: pH and redox buffering activities, (pseudo)emulsifying and surfactant characteristics, capacity to bind metallic ions and to encapsulate labile hydrophobic molecules, ability to adsorb to the wall structures of cells. The specific properties of HS result from the complexity of their supramolecular structure. This structure is more dynamic in aqueous solutions/suspensions than in soil, which enhances the specific characteristics of HS. Therefore, HS effects on microalgae are more pronounced than on terrestrial plants. The reported HS effects on microalgae include increased ionic nutrient availability, improved protection against abiotic stress, including against various chemical pollutants and ionic species of potentially toxic elements, higher accumulation of value-added ingredients, and enhanced bio-flocculation. These HS effects are similar to those on terrestrial plants and could be considered microalgal biostimulant effects. Such biostimulant effects are underutilized in current microalgal biotechnology. This review presents knowledge related to interactions between microalgae and humic substances and analyzes the potential of HS to enhance the productivity and profitability of microalgal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Gabriela Popa
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Lupu
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Mărăști Blv, No. 59, Sector 1, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Bioproducts Team, Bioresources Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, Splaiul Independenței No. 202, Sector 6, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.C.-A.); (F.O.)
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3
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Barta DG, Coman V, Vodnar DC. Microalgae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biotechnological aspects. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Valeriano González MT, Orta Ledesma MT, Velasquez-Orta SB, Monje Ramírez I. Harvesting microalgae using ozone-air flotation for recovery of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3267-3277. [PMID: 32109198 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1725144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study a novel ozone-air flotation microalgae harvesting method and evaluate its effect on the recovery of biomass and biocomponents (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins). Best processing conditions were established using a response surface methodology (RSM). Microalgae separation and biocomponent recovery were evaluated according to changes in gas concentration (13, 18 and 25 mgO3/L), ozone dose (0.04, 0.09 and 0.16 mg O3/mg biomass) and airflow rate (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L/min). More than 95% of the biomass was recovered from wastewater at an ozone-air combination of 0.09 mgO3/mg biomass and 1.5 L air/min. Using ozone-air represented a reduction of 59% in the ozone dose compared to the flotation process solely using ozone (0.22 mgO3/mg biomass). In addition, there was an improved yield in the recovery of all microalgae biocomponents. A maximum yield of 0.18 mg lipids/mg biomass was achieved at: 0.16 mg O3/mg biomass, 25 mg gas O3/L and 1.5 L air/min. In conclusion, combining the use of ozone-air for separation of microalgae reduces ozone requirement and enhances lipids and proteins post-extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Valeriano González
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Monje Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico
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Wibisono Y, Agung Nugroho W, Akbar Devianto L, Adi Sulianto A, Roil Bilad M. Microalgae in Food-Energy-Water Nexus: A Review on Progress of Forward Osmosis Applications. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9120166. [PMID: 31817329 PMCID: PMC6950520 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays the world is facing vulnerability problems related to food, energy and water demands. The challenges in those subsystems are intertwined and thus require inter-discipline approaches to address them. Bioresources offer promising solutions of the dilemma. Microalgae biomass is expected to become a superfood and a favorable energy feedstock and assist in supplying clean water and treat wastewater. Efficient mass production of microalgae, both during upstream and downstream processes, is thus a key process for providing high quality and affordable microalgae biomass. This paper covers recent progress in microalgae harvesting and dewatering by using osmotic driven membrane process, i.e., forward osmosis. Critical factors during forward osmosis process for microalgae harvesting and dewatering are discussed. Finally, perspective on further research directions and implementation scenarios of the forward osmosis are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Enginering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Luhur Akbar Devianto
- Environmental Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia; (L.A.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Akhmad Adi Sulianto
- Environmental Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia; (L.A.D.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;
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Matho C, Schwarzenberger K, Eckert K, Keshavarzi B, Walther T, Steingroewer J, Krujatz F. Bio-compatible flotation of Chlorella vulgaris: Study of zeta potential and flotation efficiency. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Lee YJ, Lei Z. Microalgal-bacterial aggregates for wastewater treatment: A mini-review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Oliveira GA, Monje-Ramirez I, Carissimi E, Rodrigues RT, Velasquez-Orta SB, Mejía ACC, Orta Ledesma MT. The effect of bubble size distribution on the release of microalgae proteins by ozone-flotation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulker D. Keris-Sen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Unal Sen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mirat D. Gurol
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Ma Y, Gao Z, Wang Q, Liu Y. Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:631-641. [PMID: 29759818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although biodiesel has been extensively explored as an important renewable energy source, the raw materials-associated cost poses a serious challenge on its large-scale commercial production. The first and second generations of biodiesel are mainly produced from usable raw materials, e.g. edible oils, crops etc. Such a situation inevitably imposes higher demands on land and water usage, which in turn compromise future food and water supply. Obviously, there is an urgent need to explore alternative feedstock, e.g. microbial oils which can be produced by many types of microorganisms including microalgae, fungi and bacteria with the advantages of small footprint, high lipid content and efficient uptake of carbon dioxide. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive picture of microbial oil-based technology for biodiesel production. The perspectives and directions forward are also outlined for future biodiesel production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhen Gao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Singh G, Patidar SK. Microalgae harvesting techniques: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:499-508. [PMID: 29631239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae with wide range of commercial applications have attracted a lot of attention of the researchers in the last few decades. However, microalgae utilization is not economically sustainable due to high cost of harvesting. A wide range of solid - liquid separation techniques are available for microalgae harvesting. The techniques include coagulation and flocculation, flotation, centrifugation and filtration or a combination of various techniques. Despite the importance of harvesting to the economics and energy balance, there is no universal harvesting technique for microalgae. Therefore, this review focuses on assessing technical, economical and application potential of various harvesting techniques so as to allow selection of an appropriate technology for cost effectively harvesting of microalgae from their culture medium. Various harvesting and concentrating techniques of microalgae were reviewed to suggest order of suitability of the techniques for four main microalgae applications i.e biofuel, human and animal food, high valued products, and water quality restoration. For deciding the order of suitability, a comparative analysis of various harvesting techniques based on the six common criterions (i.e biomass quality, cost, biomass quantity, processing time, species specific and toxicity) has been done. Based on the order of various techniques vis-a-vis various criteria and preferred order of criteria for various applications, order of suitability of harvesting techniques for various applications has been decided. Among various harvesting techniques, coagulation and flocculation, centrifugation and filtration were found to be most suitable for considered applications. These techniques may be used alone or in combination for increasing the harvesting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
| | - S K Patidar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
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12
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Oliveira GA, Carissimi E, Monje-Ramírez I, Velasquez-Orta SB, Rodrigues RT, Ledesma MTO. Comparison between coagulation-flocculation and ozone-flotation for Scenedesmus microalgal biomolecule recovery and nutrient removal from wastewater in a high-rate algal pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:334-342. [PMID: 29574313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The removal of nutrients by Scenedesmus sp. in a high-rate algal pond, and subsequent algal separation by coagulation-flocculation or flotation with ozone to recover biomolecules, were evaluated. Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. in wastewater resulted in complete NH3-H removal, plus 93% total nitrogen and 61% orthophosphate removals. Ozone-flotation obtained better water quality results than coagulation-flocculation for most parameters (NH3-N, NTK, nitrate and nitrite) except orthophosphate. Ozone-flotation, also produced the highest recovery of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins which were 0.32 ± 0.03, 0.33 ± 0.025 and 0.58 ± 0.014 mg/mg of biomass, respectively. In contrast, there was a low lipid extraction of 0.21 mg of lipids/mg of biomass and 0.12-0.23 mg of protein/mg of biomass in the coagulation-flocculation process. In terms of biomolecule recovery and water quality, ozone showed better results than coagulation-flocculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislayne Alves Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Centro de Tecnologias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Departamento de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Centro de Tecnologias, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ignacio Monje-Ramírez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Sharon B Velasquez-Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Rafael Teixeira Rodrigues
- Departamento de Engenharia de Minas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, CP. 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
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13
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Magnesium Aminoclay-Fe3O4 (MgAC-Fe3O4) Hybrid Composites for Harvesting of Mixed Microalgae. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Badalians Gholikandi G, Zakizadeh N, Masihi H. Application of peroxymonosulfate-ozone advanced oxidation process for simultaneous waste-activated sludge stabilization and dewatering purposes: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:523-531. [PMID: 29127924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the efficiency of the Peroxymonosulfate-ozone (PMS+O3) advanced oxidation process in lab scale by the aim of stabilization and dewatering the biological excess sludge was investigated and the results were compared with persulfate-ozone (PS+O3), hydrogen peroxide-ozone (H2O2+O3) and ozonation (O3) processes. The results show that the PMS+O3 is more effective than other mentioned procedures. Therefore, under optimized conditions (pH = 11, PMS/O3 = 0.06 and Dose O3 = 12.5 mmol), VS (Volatile solids) and fecal coliforms reduced respectively 42% and 89% after 60 min and the stabilized sludge in term of pathogen reduction requirements was class B. Furthermore, time to filter (TTF) of sludge decreased 70% relative to the raw sludge. In order to demonstrate the dewatering conditions' improvement, the variations of particle size distribution, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and zeta potential were evaluated. Overall, the results show that the PMS+O3 has the capability of stabilizing and dewatering the sludge simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazanin Zakizadeh
- Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, A.C., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Masihi
- Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, A.C., Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Show PL, Tang MSY, Nagarajan D, Ling TC, Ooi CW, Chang JS. A Holistic Approach to Managing Microalgae for Biofuel Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010215. [PMID: 28117737 PMCID: PMC5297844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae contribute up to 60% of the oxygen content in the Earth’s atmosphere by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen during photosynthesis. Microalgae are abundantly available in the natural environment, thanks to their ability to survive and grow rapidly under harsh and inhospitable conditions. Microalgal cultivation is environmentally friendly because the microalgal biomass can be utilized for the productions of biofuels, food and feed supplements, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. The cultivation of microalgal also can complement approaches like carbon dioxide sequestration and bioremediation of wastewaters, thereby addressing the serious environmental concerns. This review focuses on the factors affecting microalgal cultures, techniques adapted to obtain high-density microalgal cultures in photobioreactors, and the conversion of microalgal biomass into biofuels. The applications of microalgae in carbon dioxide sequestration and phycoremediation of wastewater are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
| | - Malcolm S Y Tang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chien-Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline and Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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16
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Atiku H, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi AA, Wurochekke AA, Kassim AHM. Harvesting of microalgae biomass from the phycoremediation process of greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24624-24641. [PMID: 27544526 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of microalgae in the field of wastewater treatment and bioenergy source has improved research studies in the past years. Microalgae represent a good source of biomass and bio-products which are used in different medical and industrial activities, among them the production of high-valued products and biofuels. The present review focused on greywater treatment through the application of phycoremediation technique with microalgae and presented recent advances in technologies used for harvesting the microalgae biomass. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. The microbiological aspects of production, harvesting and utilization of microalgae biomass are viewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauwa Atiku
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - R M S R Mohamed
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - A A Al-Gheethi
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A A Wurochekke
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Amir Hashim M Kassim
- Micro-pollution Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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Ndikubwimana T, Chang J, Xiao Z, Shao W, Zeng X, Ng IS, Lu Y. Flotation: A promising microalgae harvesting and dewatering technology for biofuels production. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:315-26. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Ndikubwimana
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Jingyu Chang
- College of Energy; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Wenyao Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
- The Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
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18
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Wei D, Tao Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhang X. Effect of in-situ ozonation on ceramic UF membrane fouling mitigation in algal-rich water treatment. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Bai MD, Chen CY, Lu WC, Wan HP, Ho SH, Chang JS. Enhancing the oil extraction efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris with cell-disruptive pretreatment using active extracellular substances from Bacillus thuringiensis ITRI-G1. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Zhu X, Yang J, Xu N, Chen G, Yang Z. Combined effects of nitrogen levels and Daphnia culture filtrate on colony size of Scenedesmus obliquus. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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22
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Ren HY, Liu BF, Kong F, Zhao L, Ren NQ. Improved Nile red staining of Scenedesmus sp. by combining ultrasonic treatment and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Yang S, Liu G, Meng Y, Wang P, Zhou S, Shang H. Utilization of xylose as a carbon source for mixotrophic growth of Scenedesmus obliquus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:180-185. [PMID: 25261865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mixotrophic cultivation is one potential mode for microalgae production, and an economically acceptable and environmentally sustainable organic carbon source is essential. The potential use of xylose for culturing Scenedesmus obliquus in a mixotrophic mode and physiological features of xylose-grown S. obliquus were studied. S. obliquus had a certain xylose tolerance, and was capable of utilizing xylose for growth. At a xylose concentration of 4gL(-1), the maximal cell density was 2.2gL(-1), being 2.9-fold of that under photoautotrophic condition and arriving to the level of mixotrophic growth using 4gL(-1) glucose. No changes in cellular morphology of the cells grown with or without xylose were detected. Fluorescence emission from photosystem II (PS II) relative to photosystem I (PS I) was decreased in mixotrophic cells, implying that the PSII activity was decreased. The biomass lipid content was enhanced and carbohydrate concentration was decreased, in relation to photoautotrophic controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Yang
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Guijun Liu
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Youting Meng
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Hongzhong Shang
- Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100015, PR China
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24
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Komolafe O, Velasquez Orta SB, Monje-Ramirez I, Yáñez Noguez I, Harvey AP, Orta Ledesma MT. Biodiesel production from indigenous microalgae grown in wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:297-304. [PMID: 24412481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a process for producing biodiesel sustainably from microalgae grown in wastewater, whilst significantly reducing the wastewater's nutrients and total coliform. Furthermore, ozone-flotation harvesting of the resultant biomass was investigated, shown to be viable, and resulted in FAMEs of greater oxidation stability. Desmodesmus sp. and two mixed cultures were successfully grown on wastewater. Desmodesmus sp. grew rapidly, to a higher maximum biomass concentration of 0.58 g/L. A native mixed culture dominated by Oscillatoria and Arthrospira, reached 0.45 g/L and exhibited the highest lipid and FAME yield. The FAME obtained from ozone-flotation exhibited the greatest oxidative stability, as the degree of saturation was high. In principle ozone could therefore be used as a combined method of harvesting and reducing FAME unsaturation. During microalgae treatment, the total nitrogen in wastewater was reduced by 55.4-83.9%. More importantly, total coliform removal was as high as 99.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Komolafe
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Sharon B Velasquez Orta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Ignacio Monje-Ramirez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico
| | - Isaura Yáñez Noguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico
| | - Adam P Harvey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - María T Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán 04510, DF, Mexico.
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25
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Kim J, Ryu BG, Lee YJ, Han JI, Kim W, Yang JW. Continuous harvest of marine microalgae using electrolysis: effect of pulse waveform of polarity exchange. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:1249-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Li Z, Jiang F, Li Y, Zhang X, Tan T. Simultaneously concentrating and pretreating of microalgae Chlorella spp. by three-phase partitioning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:286-291. [PMID: 24121370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a recent simple separation technique, three-phase partitioning (TPP), was used for concentrating microalgae Chlorella spp. for the first time. More than 91.7% of the biomass precipitated in the interlayer of the system in 10 min. Temperature, initial concentration and ratio of ethanol to dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (DKP) were observed to negatively correlate with concentration factor while pH showed no significant influences. Using this method, biomass could be concentrated with much lower energy consumption and concentrated biomass could be conveniently collected. Besides, together with concentrating, TPP concentrated microalgae cells showed 26.3% increase in lipid extraction yield. Additionally, similarities in fatty acid profile indicated the avoidance of influence on lipid quality from chemicals. This study demonstrated the feasibility of TPP for microalgae biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubo Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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27
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Kim J, Yoo G, Lee H, Lim J, Kim K, Kim CW, Park MS, Yang JW. Methods of downstream processing for the production of biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:862-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Abdelaziz AEM, Leite GB, Hallenbeck PC. Addressing the challenges for sustainable production of algal biofuels: II. Harvesting and conversion to biofuels. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1807-36. [PMID: 24350436 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.831487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to ensure the sustainability of algal biofuel production, a number of issues need to be addressed. Previously, we reviewed some of the questions in this area involving algal species and the important challenges of nutrient supply and how these might be met. Here, we take up issues involving harvesting and the conversion ofbiomass to biofuels. Advances in both these areas are required if these third-generation fuels are to have a sufficiently high net energy ratio and a sustainable footprint. A variety of harvesting technologies are under investigation and recent studies in this area are presented and discussed. A number of different energy uses are available for algal biomass, each with their own advantages as well as challenges in terms of efficiencies and yields. Recent advances in these areas are presented and some of the especially promising conversion processes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E M Abdelaziz
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Gustavo B Leite
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
| | - Patrick C Hallenbeck
- Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada PQ H3C 3J7
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29
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Yen HW, Hu IC, Chen CY, Ho SH, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Microalgae-based biorefinery--from biofuels to natural products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:166-174. [PMID: 23206809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The potential for biodiesel production from microalgal lipids and for CO2 mitigation due to photoautotrophic growth of microalgae have recently been recognized. Microalgae biomass also has other valuable components, including carbohydrates, long chain fatty acids, pigments and proteins. The microalgae-based carbohydrates consist mainly of cellulose and starch without lignin; thus they can be ready carbon source for the fermentation industry. Some microalgae can produce long chain fatty acids (such as DHA and EPA) as valuable health food supplements. In addition, microalgal pigments and proteins have considerable potential for many medical applications. This review article presents comprehensive information on the current state of these commercial applications, as well as the utilization and characteristics of the microalgal components, in addition to the key factors and challenges that should be addressed during the production of these materials, and thus provides a useful report that can aid the development of an efficient microalgae-based biorefinery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Yen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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30
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Show KY, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Algal biomass dehydration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 135:720-9. [PMID: 22939595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels are viewed as promising alternatives to conventional fossil fuels because they have the potential to eliminate major environmental problems created by fossil fuels. Among the still developing biofuel technologies, biodiesel production from algae offers a greater prospect for large-scale practical use, as algae are capable of producing much more yield than other biofuels. While research on algae-based biofuel is still in its developing stage, extensive work on laboratory- and pilot-scale algae harvesting systems with promising prospects has been reported. This paper presented a discussion of the literature review on recent advances in algae separation, harvesting and drying for biofuel production. The review and discussion focus on destabilization of algae, algae harvesting technologies and algae drying processes. Challenges and prospects of algae harvesting are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yeow Show
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan University, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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31
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Lee YC, Kim B, Farooq W, Chung J, Han JI, Shin HJ, Jeong SH, Park JY, Lee JS, Oh YK. Harvesting of oleaginous Chlorella sp. by organoclays. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 132:440-445. [PMID: 23422219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In microalgae-based biorefinement, one of the highest practical priorities is to reduce the costs of downstream processes. As one potential solution, microalgae harvesting by organoclays has received particularly keen research interest. In the present study, cationic charged aluminum- and magnesium-backboned organoclays were synthesized and solubilized in aqueous solution due to their high-density of amino sites. Each, within 30 min of its injection into 1.7 g/L-concentration microalgal feedstocks, effected harvesting efficiencies of almost 100% at concentrations above 0.6 g/L while maintaining a neutral pH. Conclusively, organoclays, if recycled efficiently, can be uniquely effective microalgae harvesting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (BK21 Program), KAIST, 291 Daehakno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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32
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Nguyen TL, Lee DJ, Chang JS, Liu JC. Effects of ozone and peroxone on algal separation via dispersed air flotation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:246-50. [PMID: 23376751 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of pre-oxidation on algal separation by dispersed air flotation were examined. Ozone (O3) and peroxone (O3 and H2O2) could induce cell lysis, release of intracellular organic matter (IOM), and mineralization of organic substances. Separation efficiency of algal cells improved when pre-oxidized. Total of 76.4% algal cells was separated at 40 mg/L of N-cetyl-N-N-N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), while 95% were separated after 30-min ozonation. Pre-oxidation by ozone and peroxone also enhanced flotation separation efficiency of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), polysaccharide, and protein, in which peroxone process exerted more significantly than O3. Two main mechanisms were involved in flotation separation of unoxidized algal suspension, namely hydrophobic cell surface and cell flocculation resulting from CTAB adsorption. However, flocculation by CTAB was hindered for pre-oxidized algal suspensions. It implied that the compositional changes in extracellular organic matter (EOM) by pre-oxidation were more determined for flotation separation of pre-oxidized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Linh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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33
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Lee DJ, Chen GY, Chang YR, Lee KR. Harvesting of chitosan coagulated Chlorella vulgaris using cyclic membrane filtration-cleaning. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Lee DJ, Liao GY, Chang YR, Chang JS. Coagulation-membrane filtration of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 108:184-189. [PMID: 22261659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Filtration-based separation of Chlorella vulgaris, a species with excellent potential for CO(2) capture and lipid production, was investigated using a surface-modified hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. Coagulation using polyaluminum chloride (PACl) attained maximum turbidity removal at 200 mg L(-1) as Al(2)O(3). The membrane filtration flux at 1 bar increased as the PACl dose increased, regardless of overdosing in the coagulation stage. The filtered cake at the end of filtration tests peaked in solid content at 10 mg L(-1) as Al(2)O(3), reaching 34% w/w, roughly two times that of the original suspension. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests demonstrate that the cake with minimum water-solid binding strength produced the driest filter cake. Coagulation using 10 mg L(-1) PACl as Al(2)O(3), followed by PTFE membrane filtration at 1 bar, is an effective process for harvesting C. vulgaris from algal froth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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35
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Cheng YL, Juang YC, Liao GY, Ho SH, Yeh KL, Chen CY, Chang JS, Liu JC, Lee DJ. Dispersed ozone flotation of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:9092-6. [PMID: 20675123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Flotation separation of Chlorella vulgaris, a species with excellent potential for CO(2) capture and lipid production, was studied using dispersed ozone gas. Pure oxygen aeration did not yield flotation. Conversely, applying ozone effectively separation algae from broth through flotation. The ozone dose applied for sufficient algal flotation is <0.05 mg/g biomass, much lower than those used in practical drinking waterworks (0.1-0.3 mg/g suspended solids). Main products, lipid C16:0, was effectively collected in the flotage phase. The algae removal rate, surface charge, and hydrophobicity of algal cells, and proteins and polysaccharides contents of algogenic organic matter (AOM) were determined. Certain quantities of proteins were present in the cultivated algal suspension, hence, minimal quantity of ozone was required to release intracellular proteins as surfactants to lead to effective flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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36
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Ho SH, Chen CY, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Perspectives on microalgal CO₂-emission mitigation systems--a review. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 29:189-98. [PMID: 21094248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The problem of climate change arising mainly from CO₂ emission is currently a critical environmental issue. Biofixation using microalgae has recently become an attractive approach to CO₂ capture and recycling with additional benefits of downstream utilization and applications of the resulting microalgal biomass. This review summarizes the history and strategies of microalgal mitigation of CO₂ emissions, photobioreactor systems used to cultivate microalgae for CO₂ fixation, current microalgae harvesting methods, as well as applications of valuable by-products. It is of importance to select appropriate microalgal species to achieve an efficient and economically feasible CO₂-emission mitigation process. The desired microalgae species should have a high growth rate, high CO₂ fixation ability, low contamination risk, low operation cost, be easy to harvest and rich in valuable components in their biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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