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Hammerschmiedt T, Kintl A, Holatko J, Mustafa A, Vitez T, Malicek O, Baltazar T, Elbl J, Brtnicky M. Assessment of digestates prepared from maize, legumes, and their mixed culture as soil amendments: Effects on plant biomass and soil properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017191. [PMID: 36582636 PMCID: PMC9793090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Digestate prepared from anaerobic digestion can be used as a fertilizer, as it contains ample amounts of plant nutrients, mainly nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. In this regard, digestates produced from mixed intercropped cereal and legume biomass have the potential to enrich soil and plants with nutrients more efficiently than monoculture-based digestates. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different types of digestates applied at a rate of 40 t·ha-1 of fresh matter on soil properties and crop yield in a pot experiment with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a test crop. Anaerobic digestion of silages was prepared from the following monocultures and mixed cultures: broad bean, maize, maize and broad bean, maize and white sweet clover, and white sweet clover. Anaerobic digestion was performed in an automatic custom-made system and applied to the soil. Results revealed that fresh and dry aboveground biomass as well as the amount of nitrogen in plants significantly increased in all digestate-amended variants in comparison to control. The highest content of soil total nitrogen (+11% compared to the control) and urease (+3% compared to control) were observed for maize digestate amendment. Broad bean digestate mediated the highest oxidizable carbon (+48%), basal respiration (+46%), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-, L-alanine-, and L-lysine-induced respiration (+22%, +35%, +22%) compared to control. Moreover, maize and broad bean digestate resulted in the highest values of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β -glucosidase (+35% and +39%), and maize and white sweet clover digestate revealed the highest value of arylsulfatase (+32%). The observed differences in results suggest different effects of applied digestates. We thus concluded that legume-containing digestates possibly stimulate microbial activity (as found in increased respiration rates), and might lead to increased nitrogen losses if the more quickly mineralized nitrogen is not taken up by the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonín Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czechia
| | - Tomas Vitez
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Elbl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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Nordell E, Björn A, Waern S, Shakeri Yekta S, Sundgren I, Moestedt J. Thermal post-treatment of digestate in order to increase biogas production with simultaneous pasteurization. J Biotechnol 2021; 344:32-39. [PMID: 34929206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production by anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes is important for the transition to fossil free fuels in both the transport sector, industries and shipping. The aim of this study was to target the residual organic matter in the outgoing residue from the AD process, so called digestate, with different thermal treatment methods in order to improve digestate degradability and biogas potential upon post-digestion. The thermal treatment was performed at 55 °C in 24 h, 70 °C in 1 h and by thermal hydrolysis process (THP; 165 °C, 8 bar in 0.33 h), and were carefully selected to offer a simultaneous possibility for pasteurization of the digestate according to the regulations in Sweden. Digestates from ten full-scale biogas plants were collected, with different substrate profiles including wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), food waste digestion, agriculture digestion and manure digestion. The results showed that all thermal treatment methods caused increased dissolved organic carbon concentration (DOC). Four of the thermal treated digestates with the highest increase in DOC were subsequently tested for the bio-methane potential. Thermal treatments at 70 °C and THP, respectively, resulted in the highest increase in bio-methane potentials, with an increase of 15-39% for one WWTP, 38 - 40% for digestate from an agriculture digestion plant and 20 - 22% for digestate from a co-digestion plant treating food waste. Interestingly, the bio-methane potential from digestate treated with the energy-intense THP method, did not show any significant difference compared to thermal treatment at 70 °C for 1 h. The outcomes of this study suggest that placing a pasteurization unit between a main digester and a post digester, when applying two-step digestion allows for a combined pasteurization and increased biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nordell
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, Department of Biogas R &D, Box 1500, Linköping SE-581 15, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - A Björn
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - S Waern
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, Department of Biogas R &D, Box 1500, Linköping SE-581 15, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - S Shakeri Yekta
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - I Sundgren
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - J Moestedt
- Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, Department of Biogas R &D, Box 1500, Linköping SE-581 15, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies-Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden.
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Basinas P, Rusín J, Chamrádová K. Dry anaerobic digestion of the fine particle fraction of mechanically-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste in laboratory and pilot reactor. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:83-92. [PMID: 34653853 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-solid anaerobic digestion of the very small particle fraction of mechanically-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was examined in mesophilic digestion tests in a conventional laboratory (0.013 m3) and a pilot (0.300 m3) reactor. The non-biodegradable and recalcitrant molecules together with the low protein and starch contents of the small-particles of OFMSW limited the methane generation potential of substrate. In the conventional AD system, methane yields remained low at 0.139 m3kgVS-1 due to formation of a non-reacting layer on digestate surface, which restricted utilization of the available in OFMSW digestible organics. The absence of surface solid crust in the pilot unit favoured consumption of a greater proportion of volatile solids of the OFMSW. Dry AD was remarkably stable over the entire period and negligibly effected by the toxic H2S yields. Methane generation (0.167 m3kgVS-1) was increased 1.2-fold compared to the conventional system due to a better mixing of substrate and microorganisms achieved inside the pilot reactor, which led to an increase of the digested volatile organics. Digestate presented low stability and high heavy metal content, both of which restrain its implementation as soil conditioner or fertilizer in agriculture. A secondary co-digestion treatment may be required for the neutralization of digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Basinas
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rusín
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Chamrádová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic.
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Mall AK, Misra V, Santeshwari, Pathak AD, Srivastava S. Sugar Beet Cultivation in India: Prospects for Bio-Ethanol Production and Value-Added Co-Products. SUGAR TECH : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUGAR CROPS & RELATED INDUSTRIES 2021; 23:1218-1234. [PMID: 34248307 PMCID: PMC8261398 DOI: 10.1007/s12355-021-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet is an important crop in the advent of COVID 19 as it has a high potential for ethanol production in less growth span. The life cycle of this crop is of five to six months with a root yield of 60-80 t ha-1 and sugar content of 15-17%. Sugar beet is known as a temperate crop of short duration grown in the month of September to October and harvested in April and May, but successful efforts have been made in establishing this crop for Indian agro-climatic conditions. India stands to gain from capitalizing on the potential of sugar beet for sugar, ethanol, and fodder. It offers the increment in the farmer's income especially hill farmers with respect to seed production of this crop in India The crop has been bestowed with a natural endowment of reclaiming saline soils which will help in cultivating the Indian saline areas. The crop is full of carbohydrates content which is being used for multiple purposes giving value addition to the crop. The green top and, wet and dry pulp are a good source of fodder material for lactating animals like cattle. Beet pulp is another good source as silage feed and as an adhesive in beauty products as well as in printing ink. An amount of 5250 L of ethanol per hectare crop can be produced. Due to 30% galacturonic acid content, the dry beet pulp can also be used as a source of Vitamin C. Lactic acid is also being produced from the juice of sugar beet through fermentation. The pectin content of this crop is useful in paper and board manufacturing industries as a raw material and also in dishwashing detergents and leather production. The fiber content works as dietary fibers which are used in meat and baking industries as important ingredients in food commodities. The vinasse produced as an industrial by-product is useful as a fertilizer. Sugar beet tails and other parts have also been used in biogas production in some countries. Intercropping of this crop with other crops is an added benefit of this crop. New prospects are also available for this crop in pharmaceutical industries and material sciences in times to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar Mall
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002 U.P. India
| | - Varucha Misra
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002 U.P. India
| | - Santeshwari
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002 U.P. India
| | - A. D. Pathak
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002 U.P. India
| | - Sangeeta Srivastava
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226 002 U.P. India
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Basinas P, Rusín J, Chamrádová K. Assessment of high-solid mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of mechanically-separated municipal solid waste. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110202. [PMID: 32931788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was tested to determine its biogas and biomethane generation efficiency. Methane production capability of OFMSW was examined in biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. The factors affecting the high-solid anaerobic digestion (AD) of feedstock were investigated in a series of long-term semi-continuous digestion tests performed at dry mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in a continuously rotating drum reactor with working volume of 0.013 m3. OFMSW presented low biogas and methane generation capacity due to its contained non-biodegradable components and the low proteins and starch proportions. Dry mesophilic AD allowed only a relatively limited fraction of OFMSW volatile solids to be consumed for biogas and methane production. Reducing particle size favoured utilization of higher proportions of the available digestible organic substances, and concurrently promoted biogas and biomethane generation rate. Stability of methane generation was also significantly improved by particle downsizing. Small particles compensated the limited mass transfer and restricted distribution of methane production intermediate metabolites caused by water absence in the dry AD system. Dry thermophilic AD converted sufficient quantity of OFMSWs biodegradable content. The average methane released from dry thermophilic AD (0.176 m3kgVS-1) was higher than that of dry mesophilic AD of fine particles (0.148 m3kgVS-1) and much higher than that of dry mesophilic AD of same grain size (0.114 m3kgVS-1). High temperature proved more suitable for anaerobically digesting mechanically-sorted OFMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Basinas
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rusín
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Chamrádová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic.
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Rusín J, Chamrádová K, Basinas P. Two-stage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste: Comparison to conventional single-stage mesophilic process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:172-182. [PMID: 33068884 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food waste collected exclusively from University restaurant was tested under anaerobic digestion (AD) conditions to determine its biomethane generation potential. The digestion characteristics of food waste were evaluated in BMP tests and in a conventional single-stage mesophilic CST Reactor. The suitability of psychrophilic two-stage AD to convert food waste was investigated by using a novel two-stage psychrophilic semi-continuous reactor, consisted of a vertically-oriented cylindrical reactor and a coaxially incorporated vertical tube able to spatially separate acidification from methanogenesis. Food waste presented significant methane generation performance under mesophilic conditions. Relatively high amounts of H2S released during process evolution did not have a significant effect on biogas production. For psychrophilic two-stage AD, H2S generated during start-up provoked reactor's instability only for a few days. The system was stable and operated at steady-state conditions over the course of the main AD. Higher amount of biogas was produced by the two-stage psychrophilic reactor (0.800 m3 kgVS-1) than the mesophilic single-stage system (0.751 m3 kgVS-1). However, the average methane quantities generated by the two systems were remarkably similar (0.444 and 0.440 m3 kgVS-1). Psychrophilic process was more efficient in utilizing higher proportions of volatile organics contained in substrate for methane generation than mesophilic operation. The low-temperature two-stage reactor was more energy-efficient than the mesophilic CSTR for digestion of food waste. Two-stage anaerobic digestion system operating under psychrophilic conditions might be an economically feasible option for efficiently digesting food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Rusín
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Chamrádová
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Panagiotis Basinas
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 15/2172, Ostrava, Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
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7
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Quality of Sugar Beets under the Effects of Digestate Application to the Soil. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of digestate from production of biogas has a great environmental importance. One of feedstock for biogas generation is beet pulp, a side product of sugar beet processing plant. In the paper a closed loop of beet pulp utilization at sugar beet plantation is presented. Effects of soil application of digestate obtained from digestion of sugar beet pulp were compared with standard mineral fertilizers. The field experiment was performed in three successive growing seasons. The studies were concentrated on quality of sugar beets grown under effects of two fertilization treatments—soil application of digestate cv. standard mineral fertilizers. It was found that some important quality indices (weight of single sugar beet root, content of sucrose in root tissues) were higher for beet harvested from digestate treatment compared to standard mineral fertilization (control). The concentration of harmful component (amide nitrogen) in sugar beets grown under conditions of digestate soil application was lower than in the control. It can be concluded that soil application of digestate from processing of sugar beet pulp can be treated as environmentally sound and effective method of its management.
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Cai Y, Hu K, Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Guo S, Zhao X, Cui Z, Wang X. Effects of adding EDTA and Fe 2+ on the performance of reactor and microbial community structure in two simulated phases of anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:183-191. [PMID: 30590204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of trace elements can be impeded by precipitation in the presence of carbonates and sulfates. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) enhances the performance of anaerobic digestion by forming dissolved complexes with Fe2+. Batch experiments were performed in this study and acidogenic and methanogenic phases were artificially simulated. EDTA was added to both of phases to examine its effects on Fe bioavailability, metabolic parameters and microbial community structure. The results showed that EDTA significantly accelerated the digestion process in both phases because its addition changed the Fe sorption law and increased Fe-bioavailability. The microbial community structure changed following by the change of Fe-fractions which was determined by EDTA. This study demonstrated that EDTA as ligand could increase the Fe-bioavailability and then reduced or replaced the addition of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafan Cai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kai Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehui Zheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zongjun Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/Biomass Engineering Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li C, Zhou Y, Lu W, Nges IA. Enhancement of the solid-state anaerobic digestion of rice straw by liquor supplementation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jagadabhi PS, Kaparaju P, Väisänen A, Rintala J. Effect of macro- and micro-nutrients addition during anaerobic mono-digestion of grass silage in leach-bed reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:418-429. [PMID: 29032726 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1393462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of macro- (NH4Cl) (set I) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Ni, Co and Mo) (set II) addition on chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilisation during anaerobic mono-digestion of grass silage was investigated in two sets of leach bed reactor experiments at 35°C. Results showed that addition of NH4Cl and micro-nutrients improved COD solubilisation by 18% (0.56 g SCOD g-1 volatile solids) and 7% (0.45 g SCOD g-1 VS), respectively than control. About 20-50% of the added micro-nutrients were bioavailable in the produced leachates, while the rest (50-80%) were adsorbed onto the grass silage. Results of biological methane potential assays showed that, specific methane yields of grass silage were improved by 17% (0.36 ± 0.02 m3 CH4 kg-1 VSadded) when NH4Cl was supplemented while Fe, Ni, Co and Mo addition improved methane yields by 15% (0.33 ± 0.005 m3 CH4 kg-1 VSadded) when compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Shanthi Jagadabhi
- a International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Prasad Kaparaju
- b Griffith School of Engineering, Environment 1 Building , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Ari Väisänen
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- d Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Tampere University of Technology , Tampere , Finland
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Cao W, Wang M, Liu M, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Miao Y, Sun C, Hu C. The chemical and dynamic distribution characteristics of iron, cobalt and nickel in three different anaerobic digestates: Effect of pH and trace elements dosage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:363-374. [PMID: 30199774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the bioavailability and process controllability of trace elements (TEs) addition is of significance to improve the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance. In order to understand the bioavailability of TEs, the chemical form distribution patterns of endogenous/exogenous Fe, Ni and Co with different dosage (Fe: 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg; Ni and Co: 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and different pH condition (6.5; 7.5 and 8.5) were investigated in three different anaerobic digestates. The results showed that the exogenous TEs dosage exerted no obvious effects on the TEs distribution patterns. The chemical fractionation of TEs was more affected by pH, redox potential, AD process and digestate resource. Under pH 6.5 and with redox potential rising, the acid-extractable and reducible fractions and of Fe, Ni and Co were increased while the oxidizable fractions were decreased, which enhanced the bioavailability of TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Cao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zhining Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Zixiang Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yang Miao
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Changwei Hu
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Bougrier C, Dognin D, Laroche C, Cacho Rivero JA. Use of trace elements addition for anaerobic digestion of brewer's spent grains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:101-107. [PMID: 29906674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The brewery industry generates a large amount of by-products and notably Brewer's Spent Grain (BSG) which seems an attractive substrate for anaerobic digestion. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown risk of inhibition in the mono-digestion of lignocellulosic substrates. One way to stabilize the reaction is the addition of trace elements. The current study evaluates and compares the stability of BSG anaerobic mono-digestion with and without addition of trace elements for several BSG samples. Based on the average composition of the BSG, two levels of nutrients addition were defined and tested on 4 different BSG samples. Control reactors, without addition of nutrients, showed signs of instability after 3 months or less of operation, with a decrease in performance and even collapse. On the contrary, supplemented reactors led to a COD removal rate of 60-65% and a methane production ranged between 220 and 350 NL CH4.kg-1 VSadded, depending on the sample. According to these results, guidelines for nutrients solution addition adapted to BSG degradation were defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bougrier
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay, 78520, France.
| | - Delphine Dognin
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay, 78520, France
| | - Cécile Laroche
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay, 78520, France
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Bougrier C, Dognin D, Laroche C, Gonzalez V, Benali-Raclot D, Cacho Rivero JA. Anaerobic digestion of Brewery Spent Grains: Trace elements addition requirement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1193-1196. [PMID: 28918347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluates and compares the stability of anaerobic digestion of Brewery Spent Grains (BSG) with and without addition of nutrients. Based on the composition of the BSG two levels of nutrients addition were defined. Control reactor, without addition of nutrients, showed signs of instability after 3months of operation and collapsed. On the contrary, supplemented reactors led to a COD removal rate of 60% and a methane production of 280NLCH4.kg-1 VSadded. According to these results, it was possible to define an additive solution adapted to BSG degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bougrier
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay 78520, France.
| | - Delphine Dognin
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay 78520, France
| | - Cécile Laroche
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay 78520, France
| | - Valérie Gonzalez
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay 78520, France
| | - Dalel Benali-Raclot
- Veolia Recherche & Innovation, 291 Avenue Dreyfous Ducas, Limay 78520, France
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14
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Co-Digestion of Sugar Beet Silage Increases Biogas Yield from Fibrous Substrates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2147513. [PMID: 27807538 PMCID: PMC5078813 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2147513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that the easily degradable carbohydrates of the sugar beet silage (S) will improve the anaerobic digestion of grass silage (G) more profoundly compared to co-digestion of sugar beet silage with maize silage (M). M : S and G : S mixtures were tested in two continuous laboratory-scale AD experiments at volatile solid ratios of 1 : 0, 6 : 1, 3 : 1, and 1 : 3 at organic loading rates of 1.5 kgVS m−3 day−1. While the sugar beet effects in mixtures with maize silage were negligible, co-digestion with grass silage showed a beneficial performance. There, the specific methane production rate was 0.27 lN kg−1VS h−1at G : S ratio of 6 : 1 compared to G : S 1 : 0 with 0.14 lN kg−1VS h−1. In comparison to G : S 1 : 0, about 44% and 62% higher biogas yields were obtained at G : S 6 : 1 and 3 : 1, respectively. Also, the highest methane concentration was found in G : S at ratio of 1 : 3. Synergistic increase of methane yield was found in co-digestion in both experiments, but higher effect was realized in G : S, independently of the amount of sugar beet silage. The findings of this study emphasize the improvement of AD of grass silage by even low addition of sugar beet silage.
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Moestedt J, Nordell E, Shakeri Yekta S, Lundgren J, Martí M, Sundberg C, Ejlertsson J, Svensson BH, Björn A. Effects of trace element addition on process stability during anaerobic co-digestion of OFMSW and slaughterhouse waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 47:11-20. [PMID: 25827257 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study used semi-continuous laboratory scale biogas reactors to simulate the effects of trace-element addition in different combinations, while degrading the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and slaughterhouse waste. The results show that the combined addition of Fe, Co and Ni was superior to the addition of only Fe, Fe and Co or Fe and Ni. However, the addition of only Fe resulted in a more stable process than the combined addition of Fe and Co, perhaps indicating a too efficient acidogenesis and/or homoacetogenesis in relation to a Ni-deprived methanogenic population. The results were observed in terms of higher biogas production (+9%), biogas production rates (+35%) and reduced VFA concentration for combined addition compared to only Fe and Ni. The higher stability was supported by observations of differences in viscosity, intraday VFA- and biogas kinetics as well as by the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA of the methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moestedt
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - E Nordell
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - S Shakeri Yekta
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Lundgren
- Department of R&D Biogas, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, SE-581 15 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Martí
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - C Sundberg
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Ejlertsson
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB, SE-111 60 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B H Svensson
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Björn
- Department of Thematic Studies, Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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Nkemka VN, Marchbank DH, Hao X. Anaerobic digestion of paunch in a CSTR for renewable energy production and nutrient mineralization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:123-129. [PMID: 26037058 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study investigated the anaerobic digestion of paunch in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the recovery of biogas and mineralization of nutrients. At an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.8gVSL(-1)day(-1) with a 30-day hydraulic retention time (HRT), a CH4 yield of 0.213Lg(-1)VS and CH4 production rate of 0.600LL(-1)day(-1) were obtained. Post-anaerobic digestion of the effluent from the CSTR for 30days at 40°C recovered 0.067Lg(-1)VS as CH4, which was 21% of the batch CH4 potential. Post-digestion of the effluent from the digestate obtained at this OLR is needed to meet the stable effluent criteria. Furthermore, low levels of soluble ions such as K(+), Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were found in the liquid fraction of the digestate and the remainder could have been retained in the solid digestate fraction. This study demonstrates the potential of biogas production from paunch in providing renewable energy. In addition, recovery of plant nutrients in the digestate is important for a sustainable agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Nkongndem Nkemka
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiying Hao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Ave S. Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Evranos B, Demirel B. The impact of Ni, Co and Mo supplementation on methane yield from anaerobic mono-digestion of maize silage. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1556-1562. [PMID: 25495753 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.997297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experimental study was to demonstrate the impact of trace metal supplementation, namely nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo), on the methane yields obtained from batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion of maize silage as mono-substrate. The maize silage used in this experimental work initially lacked Ni and Co. Trace metal concentration selected was 0.1 and 0.5 mg/L for Ni and Co, respectively, while it was 0.05 and 0.25 mg/L for Mo. The supplementation by Ni, Co and Mo, individually or in combination at different doses, seemed to improve the methane yields for mono-digestion of maize silage and particularly, the highest methane yield of 0.429 L CH4/g VSadded was obtained, when Ni, Co and Mo were supplemented together at concentrations of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Evranos
- a Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University , Bebek, 34342 Istanbul , Turkey
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18
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Nges IA, Wang B, Cui Z, Liu J. Digestate liquor recycle in minimal nutrients-supplemented anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mönch-Tegeder M, Lemmer A, Hinrichs J, Oechsner H. Development of an in-line process viscometer for the full-scale biogas process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 178:278-284. [PMID: 25190297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An in-line viscometer was developed to determine the rheological properties of biogas slurries at a full-scale biogas plant. This type of viscometer allows the investigation of flow characteristics without additional pretreatment and has many advantageous aspects in contrast to the rotational viscometer. Various effects were studied: alterations in the feedstock structure, increasing total solid (TS) of the slurry and the disintegration of the feedstock on the rheological properties. The results indicate that the Power-Law model is sufficient for the description of the flow curve of biogas slurries. Furthermore, the use of more fibrous materials increases in viscosity. The increase in TS of 10.1-15.1% resulted in a sharp increase of the viscosity. The mechanical disintegration of the feedstock positively influenced the rheological properties, but the effects were more apparent at higher TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mönch-Tegeder
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Lemmer
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- University of Hohenheim, Dairy Science and Technology, Garbenstraße 21, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- University of Hohenheim, State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, Garbenstraße 9, 70 599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Fermoso FG, van Hullebusch ED, Guibaud G, Collins G, Svensson BH, Carliell-Marquet C, Vink JPM, Esposito G, Frunzo L. Fate of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Digestion. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 151:171-95. [PMID: 26337848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21993-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A challenging, and largely uncharted, area of research in the field of anaerobic digestion science and technology is in understanding the roles of trace metals in enabling biogas production. This is a major knowledge gap and a multifaceted problem involving metal chemistry; physical interactions of metal and solids; microbiology; and technology optimization. Moreover, the fate of trace metals, and the chemical speciation and transport of trace metals in environments--often agricultural lands receiving discharge waters from anaerobic digestion processes--simultaneously represents challenges for environmental protection and opportunities to close process loops in anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Fermoso
- Instituto de La Grasa, C.S.I.C., Campus Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera Km.1, 41013, Seville, Spain,
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Process diagnosis using methanogenic Archaea in maize-fed, trace element depleted fermenters. Anaerobe 2014; 29:22-8. [PMID: 24747819 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mesophilic maize-fed pilot-scale fermenter was severely acidified due to trace element (TE) deficiency. Mainly cobalt (0.07 mg * kg(-1) fresh mass (FM)), selenium (0.007 mg * kg(-1) FM) and sodium (13 mg * kg(-1) FM) were depleted. From this inoculum, three lab-scale flow-through fermenters were operated to analyse micronutrient deficiencies and population dynamics in more detail. One fermenter was supplemented with selenium, one with cobalt, and one served as control. After starvation and recovery of the fermenters, the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased. In parallel, the concentration (Real-Time PCR) of methanogens and their population composition (amplicon sequencing) was determined at the DNA and mRNA level. The parameters Metabolic Quotient (MQ) and cDNA/DNA were calculated to assess the activity of the methanogens. The control without TE supplementation acidified first at an OLR of 4.0 kg volatile solids (VS) * m(-3) * d(-1) while the singular addition of selenium and of cobalt positively influenced the fermenter stability up to an OLR of 4.5 or 5.0 kg VS * m(-3) * d(-1), respectively. In the stable process, the methanogenic populations were dominated by probably residual hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus sp. (DNA-level), but representatives of versatile Methanosarcina sp. were most active (cDNA-level). When the TE supplemented fermenters began to acidify, Methanosarcina spp. were dominant in the whole (DNA-level) and the active (cDNA-level) community. The acidified control fermenter was dominated by Methanobacteriaceae genus IV. Until acidification, the concentration of methanogens increased with higher OLRs. The MQ indicated stress metabolism approximately one month before the TVA/TIC ratio reached a critical level of 0.7, demonstrating its suitability as early warning parameter of process acidification. The development of the cDNA/DNA ratio also reflected the increasing methanogenic activity with higher OLRs. Highest cDNA/DNA values (ca. 2) were obtained at metabolic strain of the methanogens, at the onset of acidification.
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Peng X, Börner RA, Nges IA, Liu J. Impact of bioaugmentation on biochemical methane potential for wheat straw with addition of Clostridium cellulolyticum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:567-71. [PMID: 24355075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrolysis is usually the rate-limited step for methane production from lignocellulosic substrate. Two bioaugmentation strategies, using the cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria Clostridium cellulolyticum, were adopted to enhance the hydrolysis of wheat straw with the purpose of improving the biochemical methane potential (BMP). Namely, the 24-h-incubated seed (C24S) with cellobiose as carbon source and the 60-h-incubated seed (WS60S) with wheat straw as carbon source were respectively used as the bioaugmentation agents. As a result, the BMPs were respectively 342.5 and 326.3 ml g(-1) VS of wheat straw, with an increase of 13.0% and 7.6% comparing to the no-bioaugmentation BMP of 303.3 ml g(-1) VS. The result indicates that the anaerobic digestion efficiency can be improved by bioaugmentation, which therefore may be a promising method for improving methane production from lignocellulosic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Rosa Aragão Börner
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ivo Achu Nges
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Bioprocess Control AB, Scheelevägen 22, SE-22363 Lund, Sweden.
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Brulé M, Bolduan R, Seidelt S, Schlagermann P, Bott A. Modified batch anaerobic digestion assay for testing efficiencies of trace metal additives to enhance methane production of energy crops. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2047-2058. [PMID: 24350458 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.808251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Batch biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays to evaluate the methane yield of biogas substrates such as energy crops are usually carried out with undiluted inoculum. A BMP assay was performed on two energy crops (green cuttings and grass silage). Anaerobic digestion was performed both with and without supplementation of three commercial additives containing trace metals in liquid, solid or adsorbed form (on clay particles). In order to reveal positive effects of trace metal supplementation on the methane yield, besides undiluted inoculum, 3-fold and 10-fold dilutions of the inoculum were applied for substrate digestion. Diluted inoculum variants were supplemented with both mineral nutrients and pH-buffering substances to prevent a collapse of the digestion process. As expected, commercial additives had no effect on the digestion process performed with undiluted inoculum, while significant increases of methane production through trace element supplementation could be observed on the diluted variants. The effect of inoculum dilution may be twofold: (1) decrease in trace metal supplementation from the inoculum and (2) reduction in the initial number of bacterial cells. Bacteria require higher growth rates for substrate degradation and hence have higher trace element consumption. According to common knowledge of the biogas process, periods with volatile fatty acids accumulation and decreased pH may have occurred in the course ofanaerobic digestion. These effects may have led to inhibition, not only ofmethanogenes and acetogenes involved in the final phases of methane production, but also offibre-degrading bacterial strains involved in polymer hydrolysis. Further research is required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Brulé
- European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rainer Bolduan
- European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan Seidelt
- European Institute for Energy Research (EIFER), Karlsruhe, Germany
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Barta Z, Kreuger E, Björnsson L. Effects of steam pretreatment and co-production with ethanol on the energy efficiency and process economics of combined biogas, heat and electricity production from industrial hemp. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:56. [PMID: 23607263 PMCID: PMC3651413 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study presented here has used the commercial flow sheeting program Aspen Plus™ to evaluate techno-economic aspects of large-scale hemp-based processes for producing transportation fuels. The co-production of biogas, district heat and power from chopped and steam-pretreated hemp, and the co-production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power from steam-pretreated hemp were analysed. The analyses include assessments of heat demand, energy efficiency and process economics in terms of annual cash flows and minimum biogas and ethanol selling prices (MBSP and MESP). RESULTS Producing biogas, heat and power from chopped hemp has the highest overall energy efficiency, 84% of the theoretical maximum (based on lower heating values), providing that the maximum capacity of district heat is delivered. The combined production of ethanol, biogas, heat and power has the highest energy efficiency (49%) if district heat is not produced. Neither the inclusion of steam pretreatment nor co-production with ethanol has a large impact on the MBSP. Ethanol is more expensive to produce than biogas is, but this is compensated for by its higher market price. None of the scenarios examined are economically viable, since the MBSP (EUR 103-128 per MWh) is higher than the market price of biogas (EUR 67 per MWh). The largest contribution to the cost is the cost of feedstock. Decreasing the retention time in the biogas process for low solids streams by partly replacing continuous stirred tank reactors by high-rate bioreactors decreases the MBSP. Also, recycling part of the liquid from the effluent from anaerobic digestion decreases the MBSP. The production and prices of methane and ethanol influence the process economics more than the production and prices of electricity and district heat. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the production cost of ethanol and biogas from biomass, the use of feedstocks that are cheaper than hemp, give higher output of ethanol and biogas, or combined production with higher value products are primarily suggested. Further, practical investigations on increased substrate concentration in biogas and ethanol production, recycling of the liquid in anaerobic digestion and separation of low solids flows into solid and a liquid fraction for improved reactor applications deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Barta
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellérttér 4, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Emma Kreuger
- Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Björnsson
- Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
- Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
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