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Herrero OM, Alvarez HM. Fruit residues as substrates for single-cell oil production by Rhodococcus species: physiology and genomics of carbohydrate catabolism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:61. [PMID: 38177966 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Strains belonging to R. opacus, R. jostii, R. fascians, R. erythropolis and R. equi exhibited differential ability to grow and produce lipids from fruit residues (grape marc and apple pomace), as well as single carbohydrates, such as glucose, gluconate, fructose and sucrose. The oleaginous species, R. opacus (strains PD630 and MR22) and R. jostii RHA1, produced higher yields of biomass (5.1-5.6 g L-1) and lipids (38-44% of CDW) from apple juice wastes, in comparison to R. erythropolis DSM43060, R. fascians F7 and R. equi ATCC6939 (4.1-4.3 g L-1 and less than 10% CDW of lipids). The production of cellular biomass and lipids were also higher in R. opacus and R. jostii (6.8-7.2 g L-1 and 33.9-36.5% of CDW of lipids) compared to R. erythropolis, R. fascians, and R. equi (3.0-3.6 g L-1 and less than 10% CDW of lipids), during cultivation of cells on wine grape waste. A genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of rhodococci indicated that oleaginous species possess a complete set of genes/proteins necessary for the efficient utilization of carbohydrates, whereas genomes from non-oleaginous rhodococcal strains lack relevant genes coding for transporters and/or enzymes for the uptake, catabolism and assimilation of carbohydrates, such as gntP, glcP, edd, eda, among others. Results of this study highlight the potential use of the oleaginous rhodococcal species to convert sugar-rich agro-industrial wastes, such as apple pomace and grape marc, into single-cell oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Marisa Herrero
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco y CONICET, Km 4-Ciudad Universitaria, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Héctor M Alvarez
- Instituto de Biociencias de la Patagonia (INBIOP), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco y CONICET, Km 4-Ciudad Universitaria, 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina.
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2
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Kim B, Oh SJ, Hwang JH, Kim HJ, Shin N, Bhatia SK, Jeon JM, Yoon JJ, Yoo J, Ahn J, Park JH, Yang YH. Polyhydroxybutyrate production from crude glycerol using a highly robust bacterial strain Halomonas sp. YLGW01. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123997. [PMID: 36907298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based plastics are hardly biodegradable and a major cause of environmental pollution, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is attracting attention as an alternative due to its similar properties. However, the cost of PHB production is high and is considered the greatest challenge for its industrialization. Here, crude glycerol was used as a carbon source for more efficient PHB production. Among the 18 strains investigated, Halomonas taeanenisis YLGW01 was selected for PHB production due to its salt tolerance and high glycerol consumption rate. Furthermore, this strain can produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-co-3 HV)) with 17 % 3 HV mol fraction when a precursor is added. PHB production was maximized through medium optimization and activated carbon treatment of crude glycerol, resulting in 10.5 g/L of PHB with 60 % PHB content in fed-batch fermentation. Physical properties of the produced PHB were analyzed, i.e., weight average molecular weight (6.8 × 105), number average molecular weight (4.4 × 105), and the polydispersity index (1.53). In the universal testing machine analysis, the extracted intracellular PHB showed a decrease in Young's modulus, an increase in Elongation at break, greater flexibility than authentic film, and decreased brittleness. This study confirmed that YLGW01 is a promising strain for industrial PHB production using crude glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungchan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jin Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jeon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- Green & Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehung Yoo
- GRIBIO Co. Ltd, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungoh Ahn
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Park
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Valorization of Low-Cost Substrates for the Production of Odd Chain Fatty Acids by the Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) have recently gained interest as target compounds in microbial production due to their diverse applications in the medical, pharmaceutical and chemical industries for the production of biofuels. Yarrowia lipolytica is a promising oleaginous yeast that has the ability to accumulate high quantities of fatty acids. However, the use of Y. lipolytica oils is still under research, in order to decrease the production costs related to the fermentation process and improve economic feasibility. In this work, sugar beet molasses (10–50 g/L) and crude glycerol (30 g/L) were used as the main carbon sources to reduce the processing costs of oil production from a genetically engineered Y. lipolytica strain. The effects of medium composition were studied on biomass production, lipid content, and OCFAs profile. Lipid production by yeast growing on molasses (20 g/L sucrose) and crude glycerol reached 4.63 ± 0.95 g/L of culture medium. OCFAs content represented 58% of the total fatty acids in lipids, which corresponds to ≈2.69 ± 0.03 g/L of culture medium. The fermentation was upscaled to 5 L bioreactors and fed-batch co-feeding increased OCFA accumulation in Y. lipolytica by 56% compared to batch cultures.
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Singh S, Pandey D, Saravanabhupathy S, Daverey A, Dutta K, Arunachalam K. Liquid wastes as a renewable feedstock for yeast biodiesel production: Opportunities and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112100. [PMID: 34619127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids (bacterial, yeast, or algal) production and its utilization as a feedstock for biodiesel production in a sustainable and economical way along with waste degradation is a promising technology. Oleaginous yeasts have demonstrated multiple advantages over algae and bacteria such as high lipid yields, lipid similarity to vegetable oil, and requirement of lesser area for cultivation. Oleaginous yeasts grown on lignocellulosic solid waste as renewable feedstocks have been widely reported and reviewed. Recently, industrial effluents and other liquid wastes have been evaluated as feedstocks for biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts. The idea of the utilization of wastewater for the growth of oleaginous yeasts for simultaneous wastewater treatment and lipid production is gaining attention among researchers. However, the detailed knowledge on the economic aspects of different process involved during the conversion of oleaginous yeast into lipids hinders its large-scale application. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of yeast-derived biodiesel production by utilizing industrial effluents and other liquid wastes as feedstocks. Various technologies for biomass harvesting, lipid extraction and the economic aspects specifically focused on yeast biodiesel production were also analyzed and reported in this review. The utilization of liquid wastes and the incorporation of cost-efficient harvesting and lipid extraction strategy would facilitate large-scale commercialization of biodiesel production from oleaginous yeasts in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Singh
- National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Deepshikha Pandey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | | | - Achlesh Daverey
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India.
| | - Kasturi Dutta
- National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Kusum Arunachalam
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India
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5
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Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B. Potential use of industrial by-products as promising feedstock for microbial lipid and lipase production and direct transesterification of wet yeast into biodiesel by lipase and acid catalysts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126742. [PMID: 35065222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work attempted the conversion of crude glycerol to lipid and lipase by Yarrowia lipolytica and the direct transesterification of wet yeast by its lipase into biodiesel via response surface methodology to enhance the cost-effectiveness of biodiesel production from the lipids. The yeast grew better and accumulated a high amount of lipids on the waste combined with fish waste hydrolysate, but only exhibited high lipase activity on the waste supplemented with surfactants (i.e., gum Arabic, Tween 20, Tween 80). However, the combination of both wastes and Tween 80 further improved growth, lipid productivity, and lipase activity. More importantly, lipase-direct transesterification under optimal conditions (wet cell concentration of 17.97 mg-DCW, methanol loading of 8.21 µL, and hexane loading of 10.26 µL) followed by acid-catalyst transesterification (0.4 M H2SO4), offered high FAME yields (>90%), showing the efficiency of the process when applied for the industrialization of biodiesel production from microbial lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmi Louhasakul
- Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala 95000, Thailand.
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
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Phosphorus and Nitrogen Limitation as a Part of the Strategy to Stimulate Microbial Lipid Biosynthesis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids called a sustainable alternative to traditional vegetable oils invariably capture the attention of researchers. In this study, the effect of limiting inorganic phosphorus (KH2PO4) and nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) sources in lipid-rich culture medium on the efficiency of cellular lipid biosynthesis by Y. lipolytica yeast has been investigated. In batch cultures, the carbon source was rapeseed waste post-frying oil (50 g/dm3). A significant relationship between the concentration of KH2PO4 and the amount of lipids accumulated has been revealed. In the shake-flask cultures, storage lipid yield was correlated with lower doses of phosphorus source in the medium. In bioreactor culture in mineral medium with (g/dm3) 3.0 KH2PO4 and 3.0 (NH4)2SO4, the cellular lipid yield was 47.5% (w/w). Simultaneous limitation of both phosphorus and nitrogen sources promoted lipid accumulation in cells, but at the same time created unfavorable conditions for biomass growth (0.78 gd.m./dm3). Increased phosphorus availability with limited cellular access to nitrogen resulted in higher biomass yields (7.45 gd.m./dm3) than phosphorus limitation in a nitrogen-rich medium (4.56 gd.m./dm3), with comparable lipid yields (30% and 32%). Regardless of the medium composition, the yeast preferentially accumulated oleic and linoleic acids as well as linolenic acid up to 8.89%. Further, it is crucial to determine the correlation between N/P molar ratios, biomass growth and efficient lipid accumulation. In particular, considering the contribution of phosphorus as a component of coenzymes in many metabolic pathways, including lipid biosynthesis and respiration processes, its importance as a factor in the cultivation of the oleaginous microorganisms was highlighted.
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Abeln F, Chuck CJ. The history, state of the art and future prospects for oleaginous yeast research. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:221. [PMID: 34876155 PMCID: PMC8650507 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based biofuels, such as biodiesel and hydroprocessed esters, are a central part of the global initiative to reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector. The vast majority of production is currently from first-generation feedstocks, such as rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oils. However, the increased exploitation of soybean oil and palm oil has led to vast deforestation, smog emissions and heavily impacted on biodiversity in tropical regions. One promising alternative, potentially capable of meeting future demand sustainably, are oleaginous yeasts. Despite being known about for 143 years, there has been an increasing effort in the last decade to develop a viable industrial system, with currently around 100 research papers published annually. In the academic literature, approximately 160 native yeasts have been reported to produce over 20% of their dry weight in a glyceride-rich oil. The most intensively studied oleaginous yeast have been Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus (20% of publications), Rhodotorula toruloides (19%) and Yarrowia lipolytica (19%). Oleaginous yeasts have been primarily grown on single saccharides (60%), hydrolysates (26%) or glycerol (19%), and mainly on the mL scale (66%). Process development and genetic modification (7%) have been applied to alter yeast performance and the lipids, towards the production of biofuels (77%), food/supplements (24%), oleochemicals (19%) or animal feed (3%). Despite over a century of research and the recent application of advanced genetic engineering techniques, the industrial production of an economically viable commodity oil substitute remains elusive. This is mainly due to the estimated high production cost, however, over the course of the twenty-first century where climate change will drastically change global food supply networks and direct governmental action will likely be levied at more destructive crops, yeast lipids offer a flexible platform for localised, sustainable lipid production. Based on data from the large majority of oleaginous yeast academic publications, this review is a guide through the history of oleaginous yeast research, an assessment of the best growth and lipid production achieved to date, the various strategies employed towards industrial production and importantly, a critical discussion about what needs to be built on this huge body of work to make producing a yeast-derived, more sustainable, glyceride oil a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abeln
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Maroa S, Inambao F. A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:790-824. [PMID: 34899118 PMCID: PMC8638282 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biodiesel through chemical production processes of transesterification reaction depends on suitable catalysts to hasten the chemical reactions. Therefore, the initial selection of catalysts is critical although it is also dependent on the quantity of free fatty acids in a given sample of oil. Earlier forms of biodiesel production processes relied on homogeneous catalysts, which have undesirable effects such as toxicity, high flammability, corrosion, by-products such as soap and glycerol, and high wastewater. Heterogeneous catalysts overcome most of these problems. Recent developments involve novel approaches using biomass and bio-waste resource derived heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are renewable, non-toxic, reusable, offer high catalytic activity and stability in both acidic and base conditions, and show high tolerance properties to water. This review work critically reviews biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, especially those utilized in sustainable production of biofuel and biodiesel. This review examines the sustainability of these catalysts in literature in terms of small-scale laboratory and industrial applications in large-scale biodiesel and biofuel production. Furthermore, this work will critically review natural heterogeneous biomass waste and bio-waste catalysts in relation to upcoming nanotechnologies. Finally, this work will review the gaps identified in the literature for heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass and other biocatalysts with a view to identifying future prospects for heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semakula Maroa
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Freddie Inambao
- College of Agriculture Science and EngineeringDiscipline of Mechanical EngineeringGreen Energy GroupUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
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Yang L, Kong W, Yang W, Li D, Zhao S, Wu Y, Zheng S. High D-arabitol production with osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation by Yarrowia lipolytica and proteomic analysis under nitrogen source perturbation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 152:109936. [PMID: 34715526 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
D-arabitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, is widely used in food and pharmacy industry as a lower calorie sweetener or intermediate. Appropriate osmotic pressure was confirmed to facilitate polyol production by an osmophilic yeast strain of Yarrowia lipolytica with glycerol. In this study, an osmotic pressure control fed-batch fermentation strategy was used for high D-arabitol producing by Y. lipolytica ARA9 with crude glycerol. Glycerol was added to the broth quantitatively not only as a substrate but also as an osmotic agent. Meanwhile, NH3·H2O was fed as a nitrogen source and pH regulator. The maximum D-arabitol production reached 118.5 g/L at 108 h with the yield of 0.49 g/g and productivity of 1.10 g/L/h, respectively. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis was used to study the cellular responses under excess and deficient nitrogen sources. Thirty-one differentially expressed protein spots belonging to seven different biological processes were identified. Excess nitrogen source enhanced gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathways, both of which were involved in arabitol synthesis. In addition, cell growth was facilitated by increased expression of nucleotide and structural proteins. Enhanced energy and NADPH biosynthesis were employed to create a reductive environment and quell reactive oxygen species, improving D-arabitol production. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in cell rescue and stress response mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species elimination and heat shock protein response. The identified differentially expressed proteins provide information to reveal the mechanisms of the cellular responses under nitrogen source perturbation, and also provide guidance to improve D-arabitol production in metabolic engineering or process optimization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiBo Yang
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Wei Kong
- The First Department of General Surgery, Handan Central Hospital, 59 Congtai North Road, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Weina Yang
- Handan Blood Center, 18 Dongliu West Road, Handan, Hebei 056001, China
| | - Danpeng Li
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Yucui Wu
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China
| | - Suyue Zheng
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, 19 Taiji Road, Handan, Hebei 056038, China.
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Bajželj B, Laguzzi F, Röös E. The role of fats in the transition to sustainable diets. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e644-e653. [PMID: 34508684 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with protein, dietary fat receives little attention in the food system sustainability literature, although we calculate that the average consumption of fats in many populous regions of the world is below nutritional recommendations. Animal products are the major source of dietary fat, particularly in regions with excess fat consumption. We estimate that an additional 45 Mt of dietary fat per year need to be produced and consumed for the global population to reach recommended levels of fat consumption, and we review different strategies to fill this gap sustainably. These strategies include diverting oils currently used for energy production to human consumption, increasing palm oil and peanut oil yields while avoiding further deforestation, developing sustainable cropping systems for the production of rapeseed and soybean oils, increasing the consumption of whole soybeans and derived products, and expanding the use of animal fats already produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Bajželj
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Röös
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Thangavelu K, Sundararaju P, Srinivasan N, Uthandi S. Bioconversion of sago processing wastewater into biodiesel: Optimization of lipid production by an oleaginous yeast, Candida tropicalis ASY2 and its transesterification process using response surface methodology. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:167. [PMID: 34446015 PMCID: PMC8394618 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biodiesel is an eco-friendly and renewable energy source and a valuable substitute for petro-diesel. Sago processing wastewater (SWW), a by-product of the cassava processing industry, has starch content ranging from 4 to 7 g L-1 and serves as an outstanding source for producing microbial lipids by the oleaginous microorganisms. In the present study, Candida tropicalis ASY2 was employed to optimize single-cell oil (SCO) production using SWW and subsequent transesterification by response surface methodology. Variables such as starch content, yeast extract, airflow rate, pH, and temperature significantly influenced lipid production in a preliminary study. The lipid production was scaled up to 5 L capacity airlift bioreactor and its optimization was done by response surface methodology. The dried yeast biomass obtained under optimized conditions from 5 L bioreactor was subjected to a direct transesterification process. Biomass: methanol ratio, catalyst concentration, and time were the variables used to attain higher FAME yield in the transesterification optimization process. RESULTS Under optimized conditions, the highest lipid yield of 2.68 g L-1 was obtained with 15.33 g L-1 of starch content, 0.5 g L-1 of yeast extract, and 5.992 L min-1 of airflow rate in a bioreactor. The optimized direct transesterification process yielded a higher FAME yield of 86.56% at 1:20 biomass: methanol ratio, 0.4 M catalyst concentration, and a time of 6.85 h. CONCLUSIONS Thus, this optimized process rendered the microbial lipids derived from C. tropicalis ASY2 as potentially alternative oil substitutes for sustainable biodiesel production to meet the rising energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - Pugalendhi Sundararaju
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - Naganandhini Srinivasan
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Waste-Derived Green Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production: Kinetic-Mechanism Deduction and Optimization Studies. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13115849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on deducing the kinetic mechanism for biodiesel production catalyzed by a CaO nanocatalyst derived from waste cockle shells via thermal hydration–dehydration treatment. In addition, the CaO nanocatalyst preparation method via thermal hydration–dehydration-related parameters (hydration duration, recalcination temperature, and recalcination duration) was studied and optimized. The transesterification reaction catalyzed by the CaO nanocatalyst followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism with surface reaction as the rate-limiting step. The relatively low activation energy (3786.7 J/mol) for a transesterification reaction offered by the CaO nanocatalyst enhanced the reaction rate to 27.3% FAME yield/hr. The optimal conditions for the thermal hydration–dehydration treatment used to develop the nano CaO catalyst were 6 h of hydration duration, 650 °C of recalcination temperature, and 3 h of recalcination duration. Of biodiesel yield, 94.13% was obtained at a moderate temperature of 60 °C and 3 h reaction time during the transesterification of palm oil catalyzed by the nano-CaO. SEM, BET, and TPD results proved that the CaO nanocatalyst had a large surface area (13.9113 m2/g) and high pore volume (0.0318 cm3/g) that were rich in active sites (1046.46 μmol CO2/g), and the pore diameter (33.17 nm) was accessible to reactants and products.
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Madani M, Rezahasani R, Hoveida L, Ghojavand S, Enshaeieh M. Two-step optimization process for grass hydrolysate application as biodiesel feedstock with novel quality characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39354-39364. [PMID: 32642901 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle to biodiesel commercialization is supplying feedback which increases production costs. The potential of some oleaginous yeast for conversion of waste materials to biodiesel feedstock can overcome this problem. In this study, a potential oleaginous yeast strain was used for single-cell oil (SCO) production. Two sets of experiments were designed for the optimization process. According to the results obtained from the first experiment, lipid production and lipid content of this strain increased from 1.96 g/L and 22.6% to 3.85 g/L and 35.18% by optimization of grass hydrolysis, respectively. The results of the second experiment indicate an increase in SCO production and lipid content to 7.28 g/L and 56.39%, respectively. These results were obtained when HNO3 was used for substrate pre-treatment. Lipid analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed a suitable and high potential of fatty acid profile for biodiesel production, which was then confirmed by evaluating the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel obtained in compliance with the US and EU standards. Consumption of microbial oil and low-cost substrate can compensate the high costs of feedstock in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Madani
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezahasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Hoveida
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Solmaz Ghojavand
- Department of Microbiology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marjan Enshaeieh
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Application of Simultaneous Oil Extraction and Transesterification in Biodiesel Fuel Synthesis: A Review. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are leading to increased production and use of biofuels. The industrial development of biodiesel production and the use of biodiesel in the EU transport sector have been ongoing for almost two decades. Compared to mineral diesel production, the process of producing biodiesel is quite complex and expensive, and the search for new raw materials and advanced technologies is needed to maintain production value and expand the industrial production of biodiesel. The purpose of this article is to review the application possibilities of one of the new technologies—simultaneous extraction of oil from oily feedstock and transesterification (in situ)—and to evaluate the effectiveness of the abovementioned process under various conditions.
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16
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Lipid Production from Sugarcane Top Hydrolysate and Crude Glycerol with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis using a Two-Stage Batch-Cultivation Strategy with Separate Optimization of Each Stage. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030453. [PMID: 32210119 PMCID: PMC7143989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from oleaginous microorganisms, including oleaginous yeasts, are recognized as feedstock for biodiesel production. A production process development of these organisms is necessary to bring lipid feedstock production up to the industrial scale. This study aimed to enhance lipid production of low-cost substrates, namely sugarcane top and biodiesel-derived crude glycerol, by using a two-stage cultivation process with Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis DMKU-SP314. In the first stage, sugarcane top hydrolysate was used for cell propagation, and in the second stage, cells were suspended in a crude glycerol solution for lipid production. Optimization for high cell mass production in the first stage, and for high lipid production in the second stage, were performed separately using a one-factor-at-a-time methodology together with response surface methodology. Under optimum conditions in the first stage (sugarcane top hydrolysate broth containing; 43.18 g/L total reducing sugars, 2.58 g/L soy bean powder, 0.94 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.39 g/L KH2PO4 and 2.5 g/L MgSO4 7H2O, pH 6, 200 rpm, 28 °C and 48 h) and second stage (81.54 g/L crude glycerol, pH 5, 180 rpm, 27 °C and 196 h), a high lipid concentration of 15.85 g/L, a high cell mass of 21.07 g/L and a high lipid content of 73.04% dry cell mass were obtained.
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17
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Thangavelu K, Sundararaju P, Srinivasan N, Muniraj I, Uthandi S. Simultaneous lipid production for biodiesel feedstock and decontamination of sago processing wastewater using Candida tropicalis ASY2. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32158499 PMCID: PMC7057646 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without sufficient alternatives to crude oil, as demand continues to rise, the global economy will undergo a drastic decline as oil prices explode. Dependence on crude oil and growing environmental impairment must eventually be overcome by creating a sustainable and profitable alternative based on renewable and accessible feedstock. One of the promising solutions for the current and near-future is the substitution of fossil fuels with sustainable liquid feedstock for biofuel production. Among the different renewable liquid feedstock's studied, wastewater is the least explored one for biodiesel production. Sago wastewater is the byproduct of the cassava processing industry and has starch content ranging from 4 to 7%. The present investigation was aimed to produce microbial lipids from oleaginous yeast, Candida tropicalis ASY2 for use as biodiesel feedstock and simultaneously decontaminate the sago processing wastewater for reuse. Initial screening of oleaginous yeast to find an efficient amylolytic with maximum lipid productivity resulted in a potent oleaginous yeast strain, C. tropicalis ASY2, that utilizes SWW as a substrate. Shake flask experiments are conducted over a fermentation time of 240 h to determine a suitable fatty acid composition using GC-FID for biodiesel production with simultaneous removal of SWW pollutants using ASY2. RESULTS The maximum biomass of 0.021 g L-1 h-1 and lipid productivity of 0.010 g L-1 h-1 was recorded in SWW with lipid content of 49%. The yeast strain degraded cyanide in SWW (79%) and also removed chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO3), ammoniacal (NH4), and phosphate (PO4) ions (84%, 92%, 100%, 98%, and 85%, respectively). GC-FID analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) revealed high oleic acid content (41.33%), which is one of the primary fatty acids for biodiesel production. CONCLUSIONS It is evident that the present study provides an innovative and ecologically sustainable technology that generates valuable fuel, biodiesel using SWW as a substrate and decontaminates for reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - Pugalendhi Sundararaju
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - Naganandhini Srinivasan
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - Iniyakumar Muniraj
- Department of Crop Management, Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
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18
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Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Treu L, Kougias PG, Angelidaki I. Metagenomic insights into bioaugmentation and biovalorization of oily industrial wastes by lipolytic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica during successive batch fermentation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:1020-1029. [PMID: 31880341 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The lipolytic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica was used in the bioaugmentation and biovalorization of oily industrial wastes during successive-batch fermentation. Five cycles of nonsterile successive batch fermentation with 70% medium replacement achieved the highest oil removal of 68.1 ± 5.60% and produced biomass and lipid yields of 0.213 ± 0.07 g/g-COD and 146.2 ± 46.5 mg/g-COD, respectively. The cell-bound lipase activity observed in the system was 170.74 ± 32 U/L. The auto-flocculation efficiency of the biomass was >90% within 60 Min. The microbial community changes between Y. lipolytica and indigenous microorganisms were monitored by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions for yeasts and 16S rRNA gene for bacteria. Ylipolytica lipolytica was retained in the consortium together with other indigenous strains until the fifth cycle. Other minor oleaginous yeasts such as Kodamaea ohmeri and Candida tropicalis as well as polyhydroxyalkanoate-accumulating bacteria were found and are likely to have participated in lipid production. This study has shown the robustness of Y. lipolytica in nonsterile successive batch fermentation and its use could contribute greatly to the practical valorization of industrial wastes for lipids and lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmi Louhasakul
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Soil and Water Resources Institute, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
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19
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Kundrat V, Matouskova P, Marova I. Facile Preparation of Porous Microfiber from Poly-3-(R)-Hydroxybutyrate and Its Application. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010086. [PMID: 31877992 PMCID: PMC6981871 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we described the development of a simplified wet spinning method of the production of a novel type of porous continuous fiber based on poly-3-(R)-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The principle of this method is precipitation of PHB dissolved in chloroform solution into the ethanol precipitation bath. The influence of various PHB concentrations and feed rates on specific surface area (measured by nitrogen absorption method) was studied. Materials were also characterized by SEM. Surface areas of fibers achieved by wet spinning were in the range of tens of m2.g-1, and the biggest surface area value was 55 m2.g-1. The average diameter of fibers was in the range of 20-120 μm and was dependent on both PHB concentration and feed rate. Optimum conditions for reaching stable fibers of high surface area were 3-5 % w.t. of PHB and feed rate 0.5-3 ml.h-1. Fibers were functionalized by adsorption of some natural plant extracts. The incorporation of active substances into fibers was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. High antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of PHB-fibers with cloves extract was found, as well as excellent long-term stability and optimal dynamics of the release of active compounds. The newly produced material would be applicable in pharmacy, cosmetics, and wound healing.
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20
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Xu J, Zhang M, He T, Luo H, Peng K, Huang X, Liu J. Application of de-lignified cellulose to enhance intracellular and extracellular lipid production from oleaginous yeast using acetic acid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122032. [PMID: 31491647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two de-lignified cellulose of loofah sponge and sawdust were applied in two ways to enhance the lipid production from oleaginous yeast using acetic acid. When 30 g/L of acetic acid was used as a carbon source, direct addition of de-lignified loofah sponge or sawdust increased the extracellular lipid content to 33.94% and 53.25%, respectively. The latter reduced the energy input of lipid extraction process from 0.86 to 0.57 GJ per ton of biodiesel production. To relieve the inhibition caused by 40 g/L acetic acid, immobilization of oleaginous yeast on de-lignified sawdust increased the lipid concentration and yield from 3.83 g/L, 0.18 g/g C to 7.15 g/L, 0.20 g/g C, respectively. These improvements occurred due to the cell-immobilized sawdust which play an important role in the loading of cells and adsorption of acetic acid. Immobilized cultivation also increased the fatty acid proportion of C18:1, thereby improving biodiesel performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengli Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tuo He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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21
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Study of Metabolic Adaptation of Red Yeasts to Waste Animal Fat Substrate. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110578. [PMID: 31752339 PMCID: PMC6920810 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenogenic yeasts are non-conventional oleaginous microorganisms capable of utilizing various waste substrates. In this work, four red yeast strains (Rhodotorula, Cystofilobasidium, and Sporobolomyces sp.) were cultivated in media containing crude, emulsified, and enzymatically hydrolyzed animal waste fat, compared with glucose and glycerol, as single C-sources. Cell morphology (cryo-SEM (cryo-scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy)), production of biomass, lipase, biosurfactants, lipids (gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, GC/FID) carotenoids, ubiquinone, and ergosterol (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC/PDA) in yeast cells was studied depending on the medium composition, the C source, and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. All studied strains are able to utilize solid and processed fat. Biomass production at C/N = 13 was higher on emulsified/hydrolyzed fat than on glucose/glycerol. The production of lipids and lipidic metabolites was enhanced for several times on fat; the highest yields of carotenoids (24.8 mg/L) and lipids (54.5%/CDW (cell dry weight)) were found in S. pararoseus. Simultaneous induction of lipase and biosurfactants was observed on crude fat substrate. An increased C/N ratio (13-100) led to higher biomass production in fat media. The production of total lipids increased in all strains to C/N = 50. Oppositely, the production of carotenoids, ubiquinone, and ergosterol dramatically decreased with increased C/N in all strains. Compounds accumulated in stressed red yeasts have a great application potential and can be produced efficiently during the valorization of animal waste fat under the biorefinery concept.
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22
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Tsakona S, Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N, Kachrimanidou V, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas A. Development of a Circular Oriented Bioprocess for Microbial Oil Production Using Diversified Mixed Confectionery Side-Streams. Foods 2019; 8:E300. [PMID: 31370368 PMCID: PMC6723147 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversified mixed confectionery waste streams were utilized in a two-stage bioprocess to formulate a nutrient-rich fermentation media for microbial oil production. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for the production of crude enzyme consortia to be subsequently applied in hydrolytic reactions to break down starch, disaccharides, and proteins into monosaccharides, amino acids, and peptides. Crude hydrolysates were evaluated in bioconversion processes using the red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 4444 both in batch and fed-batch mode. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, during fed-batch cultures, the concentration of microbial lipids reached 16.6-17 g·L-1 with the intracellular content being more than 40% (w/w) in both hydrolysates applied. R. toruloides was able to metabolize mixed carbon sources without catabolite repression. The fatty acid profile of the produced lipids was altered based on the substrate employed in the bioconversion process. Microbial lipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid being the major fatty acid (61.7%, w/w). This study showed that mixed food side-streams could be valorized for the production of microbial oil with high unsaturation degree, pointing towards the potential to produce tailor-made lipids for specific food applications. Likewise, the proposed process conforms unequivocally to the principles of the circular economy, as the entire quantity of confectionery by-products are implemented to generate added-value compounds that will find applications in the same original industry, thus closing the loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tsakona
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, 28100 Argostoli, Greece
| | | | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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23
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Sitepu EK, Jones DB, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Leterme SC, Heimann K, Raston CL, Zhang W. Turbo thin film continuous flow production of biodiesel from fungal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:431-438. [PMID: 30466021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct biodiesel production from wet fungal biomass may significantly reduce production costs, but there is a lack of fast and cost-effective processing technology. A novel thin film continuous flow process has been applied to study the effects of its operational parameters on fatty acid (FA) extraction and FA to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion efficiencies. Single factor experiments evaluated the effects of catalyst concentration and water content of biomass, while factorial experimental designs determined the interactions between catalyst concentration and biomass to methanol ratio, flow rate, and rotational speed. Direct transesterification (DT) of wet Mucor plumbeus biomass at ambient temperature and pressure achieved a FA to FAME conversion efficiency of >90% using 3 wt/v % NaOH concentration, if the water content was ≤50% (w/w). In comparison to existing DT methods, this continuous flow processing technology has an estimated 90-94% reduction in energy consumption, showing promise for up-scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eko K Sitepu
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Darryl B Jones
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Zhanying Zhang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Sophie C Leterme
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia; Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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24
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Evaluation of Yarrowia lipolytica Oil for Biodiesel Production: Land Use Oil Yield, Carbon, and Energy Balance. J Lipids 2018; 2018:6393749. [PMID: 30510804 PMCID: PMC6230387 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6393749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oils from yeasts have emerged as a suitable alternative raw material to produce biodiesel, due to their similar composition to common raw materials such as vegetable oils. Additionally, they have the advantage of not competing with human or animal feed, and, furthermore, they do not compete for arable land. In this work, a carbon and energy balance was evaluated for Yarrowia lipolytica as a model yeast, using crude glycerol from biodiesel as the only carbon source, which improves biodiesel overall yield by 6%. The process presented a positive energy balance. Feasibility of yeast oil as biodiesel substrate was also evaluated by determination of the lipid fatty acid profile and cetane number. Moreover, a comparison of oil yields, in terms of land use, between vegetable, microalgae, and yeast oils is also presented. The results showed that Y. lipolytica oil yield is considerably higher than vegetable oils (767 times) and microalgae (36 times).
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25
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Singh G, Sinha S, Bandyopadhyay KK, Lawrence M, Prasad R, Paul D. Triauxic growth of an oleaginous red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides on waste 'extract' for enhanced and concomitant lipid and β-carotene production. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:182. [PMID: 30454058 PMCID: PMC6240951 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetable 'mandi' (road-side vegetable market) waste was converted to a suitable fermentation medium for cultivation of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides by steaming under pressure. This cultivation medium derived from waste was found to be a comparatively better source of nutrients than standard culture media because it provided more than one type of usable carbon source(s) to yeast. RESULTS HPLC results showed that the extract contained glucose, xylose and glycerol along with other carbon sources, allowing triauxic growth pattern with preferably usage of glucose, xylose and glycerol resulting in enhanced growth, lipid and carotenoid production. Presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (C14-20) in the lipid profile showed that the lipid may be transesterified for biodiesel production. CONCLUSION Upscaling these experiments to fermenter scale for the production of lipids and biodiesel and other industrially useful products would lead to waste management along with the production of value added commodities. The technique is thus environment friendly and gives good return upon investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sec 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Sweta Sinha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sec 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - K K Bandyopadhyay
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sec 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Mark Lawrence
- Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | | | - Debarati Paul
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sec 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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26
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Patel A, Matsakas L, Pruthi PA, Pruthi V. Potential of aquatic oomycete as a novel feedstock for microbial oil grown on waste sugarcane bagasse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33443-33454. [PMID: 30264348 PMCID: PMC6245008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel production from vegetable oils is not sustainable and economical due to the food crisis worldwide. The development of a cost-effective non-edible feedstock is essential. In this study, we proposed to use aquatic oomycetes for microbial oils, which are cellulolytic fungus-like filamentous eukaryotic microorganisms, commonly known as water molds. They differ from true fungi as cellulose is present in their cell wall and chitin is absent. They show parasitic as well as saprophytic nature and have great potential to utilize decaying animal and plant debris in freshwater habitats. To study the triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the aquatic oomycetes, the isolated water mold Achlya diffusa was cultivated under semi-solid-state conditions on waste sugarcane bagasse, which was compared with the cultivation in Czapek (DOX) medium. A. diffusa grown on waste sugarcane bagasse showed large lipid droplets in its cellular compartment and synthesized 124.03 ± 1.93 mg/gds cell dry weight with 50.26 ± 1.76% w/w lipid content. The cell dry weight and lipid content of this water mold decreased to 89.54 ± 1.21 mg/gds and 38.82% w/w, respectively, when cultivated on standard medium Czapek-Dox agar (CDA). For the fatty acid profile of A. diffusa grown in sugarcane bagasse and CDA, in situ transesterification (IST) and indirect transesterification (IDT) approaches were evaluated. The lipid profile of this mold revealed the presence of C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, and C21:0 fatty acids, which is similar to vegetable oils. The biodiesel properties of the lipids obtained from A. diffusa satisfied the limits as determined by international standards ASTM-D6751 and EN-14214 demonstrating its suitability as a fuel for diesel engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden.
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Parul A Pruthi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT-R), Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Louhasakul Y, Cheirsilp B, Maneerat S, Prasertsan P. Direct transesterification of oleaginous yeast lipids into biodiesel: Development of vigorously stirred tank reactor and process optimization. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ma Y, Gao Z, Wang Q, Liu Y. Biodiesels from microbial oils: Opportunity and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:631-641. [PMID: 29759818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although biodiesel has been extensively explored as an important renewable energy source, the raw materials-associated cost poses a serious challenge on its large-scale commercial production. The first and second generations of biodiesel are mainly produced from usable raw materials, e.g. edible oils, crops etc. Such a situation inevitably imposes higher demands on land and water usage, which in turn compromise future food and water supply. Obviously, there is an urgent need to explore alternative feedstock, e.g. microbial oils which can be produced by many types of microorganisms including microalgae, fungi and bacteria with the advantages of small footprint, high lipid content and efficient uptake of carbon dioxide. Therefore, this review offers a comprehensive picture of microbial oil-based technology for biodiesel production. The perspectives and directions forward are also outlined for future biodiesel production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqun Ma
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Zhen Gao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Herrero OM, Villalba MS, Lanfranconi MP, Alvarez HM. Rhodococcus bacteria as a promising source of oils from olive mill wastes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:114. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yellapu SK, Kaur R, Kumar LR, Tiwari B, Zhang X, Tyagi RD. Recent developments of downstream processing for microbial lipids and conversion to biodiesel. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:515-528. [PMID: 29472122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With increasing global population and depleting resources, there is an apparent demand for radical unprecedented innovation to satisfy the basal needs of lives. Hence, non-conventional renewable energy resources like biodiesel have been worked out in past few decades. Biofuel (e.g. Biodiesel) serves to be the most sustainable answer to solve "food vs. fuel crisis". In biorefinery process, lipid extraction from oleaginous microbial lipids is an integral part as it facilitates the release of fatty acids. Direct lipid extraction from wet cell-biomass is favorable in comparison to dry-cell biomass because it eliminates the application of expensive dehydration. However, this process is not commercialized yet, instead, it requires intensive research and development in order to establish robust approaches for lipid extraction that can be practically applied on an industrial scale. This review aims for the critical presentation on cell disruption, lipid recovery and purification to support extraction from wet cell-biomass for an efficient transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravan Kumar Yellapu
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Lalit R Kumar
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, PR China
| | - Rajeshwar D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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31
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Microbial Biodiesel Production by Direct Transesterification of Rhodotorula glutinis Biomass. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Koh CMJ, Yap SA, Du M, Hlaing MM, Ji L. Identification of novel genes in the carotenogenic and oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides through genome-wide insertional mutagenesis. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:14. [PMID: 29466942 PMCID: PMC5822628 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhodotorula toruloides is an outstanding producer of lipids and carotenoids. Currently, information on the key metabolic pathways and their molecular basis of regulation remains scarce, severely limiting efforts to engineer it as an industrial host. Results We have adapted Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) as a gene-tagging tool for the identification of novel genes in R. toruloides. Multiple factors affecting transformation efficiency in several species in the Pucciniomycotina subphylum were optimized. The Agrobacterium transfer DNA (T-DNA) showed predominantly single-copy chromosomal integrations in R. toruloides, which were trackable by high efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (hiTAIL-PCR). To demonstrate the application of random T-DNA insertions for strain improvement and gene hunting, 3 T-DNA insertional libraries were screened against cerulenin, nile red and tetrazolium violet respectively, resulting in the identification of 22 mutants with obvious phenotypes in fatty acid or lipid metabolism. Similarly, 5 carotenoid biosynthetic mutants were obtained through visual screening of the transformants. To further validate the gene tagging strategy, one of the carotenoid production mutants, RAM5, was analyzed in detail. The mutant had a T-DNA inserted at the putative phytoene desaturase gene CAR1. Deletion of CAR1 by homologous recombination led to a phenotype similar to RAM5 and it could be genetically complemented by re-introduction of the wild-type CAR1 genome sequence. Conclusions T-DNA insertional mutagenesis is an efficient forward genetic tool for gene discovery in R. toruloides and related oleaginous yeast species. It is also valuable for metabolic engineering in these hosts. Further analysis of the 27 mutants identified in this study should augment our knowledge of the lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis, which may be exploited for oil and isoprenoid metabolic engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1151-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Liu
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore.
| | - Chong Mei John Koh
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Sihui Amy Yap
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Minge Du
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Mya Myintzu Hlaing
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Lianghui Ji
- Biomaterials and Biocatalysts Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Lopes M, Gomes AS, Silva CM, Belo I. Microbial lipids and added value metabolites production by Yarrowia lipolytica from pork lard. J Biotechnol 2018; 265:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bharathiraja B, Sridharan S, Sowmya V, Yuvaraj D, Praveenkumar R. Microbial oil - A plausible alternate resource for food and fuel application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:423-432. [PMID: 28314666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have recourse to low-priced substrates like agricultural wastes and industrial efflux. A pragmatic approach towards an emerging field- the exploitation of microbial oils for biodiesel production, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, food additives, biopolymer production will be of immense remunerative significance in the near future. Due to high free fatty acid, nutritive content and simpler solvent extraction processes of microbial oils with plant oil, microbial oils can back plant oils in food applications. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the opulence of lipid production in native and standard micro-organisms and also to emphasize the vast array of applications including food and fuel by obtaining maximum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bharathiraja
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Sridevi Sridharan
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - V Sowmya
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - R Praveenkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai 606603, India.
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35
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Khot M, Ghosh D. Lipids ofRhodotorula mucilaginosaIIPL32 with biodiesel potential: Oil yield, fatty acid profile, fuel properties. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:345-352. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Khot
- Biotechnology Conversion Area, Bio Fuels Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum; Dehradun Uttarakhand India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Biotechnology Conversion Area, Bio Fuels Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum; Dehradun Uttarakhand India
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36
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Jung JM, Lee J, Oh JI, Kim HW, Kwon EE. Estimating total lipid content of Camelina sativa via pyrolysis assisted in-situ transesterification with dimethyl carbonate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:121-126. [PMID: 27888728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct derivatization of C. sativa seed into FAMEs without lipid extraction was conducted for the quantification of lipid analysis via in-situ thermal methylation with dimethyl carbonate as an acyl acceptor on silica (SiO2). The introduced method had an extraordinarily high tolerance against impurities such as pyrolytic products and moisture. To ensure the technical completeness of in-situ methylation, thermal cracking of FAMEs transformed from C. sativa seed was also explored. Thermal cracking of unsaturated FAMEs such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:1 occurred at temperatures higher than 365°C due to their thermal instability. Thus, experimental findings in this study suggests not only that qualitative analysis of fatty acid profile in C. sativa seed via in-situ methylation using SiO2 could be achieve, but also that the total lipid content (42.65wt.%) in C. sativa seed could be accurately estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land & Housing Institute, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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37
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Di Leonardo R, Mazzola A, Cundy AB, Tramati CD, Vizzini S. Trace element storage capacity of sediments in dead Posidonia oceanica mat from a chronically contaminated marine ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:49-58. [PMID: 27346051 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica mat is considered a long-term bioindicator of contamination. Storage and sequestration of trace elements and organic carbon (Corg ) were assessed in dead P. oceanica mat and bare sediments from a highly polluted coastal marine area (Augusta Bay, central Mediterranean). Sediment elemental composition and sources of organic matter have been altered since the 1950s. Dead P. oceanica mat displayed a greater ability to bury and store trace elements and Corg than nearby bare sediments, acting as a long-term contaminant sink over the past 120 yr. Trace elements, probably associated with the mineral fraction, were stabilized and trapped despite die-off of the overlying P. oceanica meadow. Mat deposits registered historic contamination phases well, confirming their role as natural archives for recording trace element trends in marine coastal environments. This sediment typology is enriched with seagrass-derived refractory organic matter, which acts mainly as a diluent of trace elements. Bare sediments showed evidence of inwash of contaminated sediments via reworking; more rapid and irregular sediment accumulation; and, because of the high proportions of labile organic matter, a greater capacity to store trace elements. Through different processes, both sediment typologies represent a repository for chemicals and may pose a risk to the marine ecosystem as a secondary source of contaminants in the case of sediment dredging or erosion. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:49-58. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Leonardo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzola
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Palermo, Italy
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Meo A, Priebe XL, Weuster-Botz D. Lipid production with Trichosporon oleaginosus in a membrane bioreactor using microalgae hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2017; 241:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee J, Tsang YF, Jung JM, Oh JI, Kim HW, Kwon EE. In-situ pyrogenic production of biodiesel from swine fat. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:442-447. [PMID: 27611027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In-situ production of fatty acid methyl esters from swine fat via thermally induced pseudo-catalytic transesterification on silica was investigated in this study. Instead of methanol, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as acyl acceptor to achieve environmental benefits and economic viability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of swine fat reveals that swine fat contains 19.57wt.% of water and impurities. Moreover, the fatty acid profiles obtained under various conditions (extracted swine oil+methanol+NaOH, extracted swine oil+DMC+pseudo-catalytic, and swine fat+DMC+pseudo-catalytic) were compared. These profiles were identical, showing that the introduced in-situ transesterification is technically feasible. This also suggests that in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification has a high tolerance against impurities. This study also shows that FAME yield via in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification of swine fat reached up to 97.2% at 380°C. Therefore, in-situ pseudo-catalytic transesterification can be applicable to biodiesel production of other oil-bearing biomass feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Environmental Energy Division, Land & Housing Institute, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Technical difficulties and solutions of direct transesterification process of microbial oil for biodiesel synthesis. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 39:13-23. [PMID: 27659031 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial oils are considered as alternative to vegetable oils or animal fats as biodiesel feedstock. Microalgae and oleaginous yeast are the main candidates of microbial oil producers' community. However, biodiesel synthesis from these sources is associated with high cost and process complexity. The traditional transesterification method includes several steps such as biomass drying, cell disruption, oil extraction and solvent recovery. Therefore, direct transesterification or in situ transesterification, which combines all the steps in a single reactor, has been suggested to make the process cost effective. Nevertheless, the process is not applicable for large-scale biodiesel production having some difficulties such as high water content of biomass that makes the reaction rate slower and hurdles of cell disruption makes the efficiency of oil extraction lower. Additionally, it requires high heating energy in the solvent extraction and recovery stage. To resolve these difficulties, this review suggests the application of antimicrobial peptides and high electric fields to foster the microbial cell wall disruption.
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Tinoi J, Rakariyatham N. Optimization of pineapple pulp residue hydrolysis for lipid production by Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR5159 using as biodiesel feedstock. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1641-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1177444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The higher lipid productivity of Rhodotorula glutinis TISTR5159 was achieved by optimizing the pineapple pulp hydrolysis for releasing the high sugars content. The sequential simplex method operated by varied; solid-to-liquid ratio, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, and hydrolysis time were successfully applied and the highest sugar content (83.2 g/L) evaluated at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10.8, 3.2% sulfuric acid, 105 °C for 13.9 min. Moreover, the (NH4)2SO4 supplement enhanced the lipid productivity and gave the maximum yields of biomass and lipid of 15.2 g/L and 9.15 g/L (60.2%), respectively. The C16 and C18 fatty acids were found as main components included oleic acid (55.8%), palmitic acid (16.6%), linoleic acid (11.9%), and stearic acid (7.8%). These results present the possibility to convert the sugars in pineapple pulp hydrolysate to lipids. The fatty acid profile was also similar to vegetable oils. Thus, it could be used as potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapha Tinoi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuansri Rakariyatham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Health Science, Nation University, Lampang, Thailand
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Canonico L, Ashoor S, Taccari M, Comitini F, Antonucci M, Truzzi C, Scarponi G, Ciani M. Conversion of raw glycerol to microbial lipids by new Metschnikowia and Yarrowia lipolytica strains. ANN MICROBIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-016-1228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Lopes VRO, Farias MA, Belo IMP, Coelho MAZ. NITROGEN SOURCES ON TPOMW VALORIZATION THROUGH SOLID STATE FERMENTATION PERFORMED BY Yarrowia lipolytica. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160332s20150146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dobrowolski A, Mituła P, Rymowicz W, Mirończuk AM. Efficient conversion of crude glycerol from various industrial wastes into single cell oil by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:237-43. [PMID: 26890799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crude glycerol from various industries was used to produce lipids via wild type Yarrowia lipolytica A101. We tested samples without any prior purification from five different waste products; each contained various concentrations of glycerol (42-87%) as the sole carbon source. The best results for lipid production were obtained for medium containing glycerol from fat saponification. This reached 1.69gL(-1) (25% of total cell dry weight) with a biomass yield of 0.17gg(-1) in the flasks experiment. The batch cultivation in a bioreactor resulted in enhanced lipid production-it achieved 4.72gL(-1) with a biomass yield 0.21gg(-1). Moreover, the properly selected batch of crude glycerol provides a defined fatty acid composition. In summary, this paper shows that crude glycerol from soap production could be efficiently converted to single cell oil without any prior purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Dobrowolski
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Paweł Mituła
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq 24, Wrocław 50-363, Poland
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Mirończuk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, Wrocław 51-630, Poland.
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Jansuriyakul S, Somboon P, Rodboon N, Kurylenko O, Sibirny A, Soontorngun N. The zinc cluster transcriptional regulator Asg1 transcriptionally coordinates oleate utilization and lipid accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4549-60. [PMID: 26875874 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterize a new function for activator of stress response genes (Asg1) in fatty acid utilization. Asg1 is required for full activation of genes in several pathways, including β-oxidation (POX1, FOX2, and POT1), gluconeogenesis (PCK1), glyoxylate cycle (ICL1), triacylglycerol breakdown (TGL3), and peroxisomal transport (PXA1). In addition, the transcriptional activator Asg1 is found to be enriched on promoters of genes in β-oxidation and gluconeogenesis pathways, suggesting that Asg1 is directly involved in the control of fatty acid utilizing genes. In agreement, impaired growth on non-fermentable carbons such as fatty acids and oils and increased sensitivity to some oxidative agents are found for the Δasg1 strain. The lipid class profile of the Δasg1 cells grown in oleate displays approximately 3-fold increase in free fatty acid (FFA) content in comparison to glucose-grown cells, which correlates with decreased expression of β-oxidation genes. The ∆asg1 strain grown in glucose also exhibits higher accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) during log phase, reaching levels typically observed in stationary phase cells. Altered TAG accumulation is partly due to the inability of the Δasg1 cells to efficiently break down TAGs, which is consistent with lowered expression of TGL3 gene, encoding triglycerol lipase. Overall, these results highlight a new role of the transcriptional regulator Asg1 in coordinating expression of genes involved in fatty acid utilization and its role in regulating cellular lipid accumulation, thereby providing an attractive approach to increase FFAs and TAGs content for the production of lipid-derived biofuels and chemicals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripat Jansuriyakul
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tianthalay Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Pichayada Somboon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tianthalay Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Napachai Rodboon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tianthalay Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Olena Kurylenko
- NAS of Ukraine, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Sibirny
- NAS of Ukraine, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street, 14/16, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine.,Department of Bioetchnology and Microbiology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza Street, 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Nitnipa Soontorngun
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 49 Tianthalay Road, Tha Kham, Bangkhuntian, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand.
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Kakkad H, Khot M, Zinjarde S, RaviKumar A, Ravi Kumar V, Kulkarni BD. Conversion of dried Aspergillus candidus mycelia grown on waste whey to biodiesel by in situ acid transesterification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:502-507. [PMID: 26362462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports optimization of the transesterification reaction step on dried biomass of an oleaginous fungus Aspergillus candidus grown on agro-dairy waste, whey. Acid catalyzed transesterification was performed and variables affecting esterification, viz., catalyst methanol and chloroform concentrations, temperature, time, and biomass were investigated. Statistical optimization of the transesterification reaction using Plackett-Burman Design showed biomass to be the predominant factor with a 12.5-fold increase in total FAME from 25.6 to 320mg. Studies indicate that the transesterification efficiency in terms of conversion is favored by employing lower biomass loadings. A. candidus exhibited FAME profiles containing desirable saturated (30.2%), monounsaturated (31.5%) and polyunsaturated methyl esters (38.3%). The predicted and experimentally determined biodiesel properties (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, cetane number, TAN, water content, total and free glycerol) were in accordance with international (ASTM D6751, EN 14214) and national (IS 15607) standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Kakkad
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Mahesh Khot
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ameeta RaviKumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India.
| | - V Ravi Kumar
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411008, India
| | - B D Kulkarni
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411008, India
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Liu HH, Ji XJ, Huang H. Biotechnological applications of Yarrowia lipolytica: Past, present and future. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1522-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Marjakangas JM, Lakaniemi AM, Koskinen PE, Chang JS, Puhakka JA. Lipid production by eukaryotic microorganisms isolated from palm oil mill effluent. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Herrero OM, Alvarez HM. Whey as a renewable source for lipid production byRhodococcusstrains: Physiology and genomics of lactose and galactose utilization. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Marisa Herrero
- Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut Argentina
- Oil m&s; Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut Argentina
| | - Héctor M. Alvarez
- Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Científico Tecnológico, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia; San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut Argentina
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