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Li K, Zhang L, Zhou F, Yang K, Zhan M, Su Y, Wu D, Xie B. Revealing mechanisms of NH 3 and N 2O emissions reduction in the rapid bio-drying of food waste: Insights from organic nitrogen composition and microbial activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173353. [PMID: 38795999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Inevitably, aerobic biological treatment processes generate emissions of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). The rapid bio-drying process (RBD) for food waste (FW) alleviates issues arising from its substantial growth. However, its emissions of NH3 and N2O remain unknown, and the correlation with nitrogen components in the substrate remains unclear, significantly impeding its widespread adoption. Here, the nitrogen loss and its mechanisms in RBD were investigated, and the results are as follows: The total emission of NH3 and N2O were1.42 and 1.16 mg/kg FW (fresh weight), respectively, achieving a 98 % reduction compared to prior studies. Structural equation modeling demonstrates that acid ammonium nitrogen (AN) decomposition chiefly generates NH3 in compost (p < 0.001). Strong correlation (p < 0.001) exists between amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and AN. In-depth analysis of microbial succession during the process reveals that the enrichment of Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Fastidiosipila, Lactobacillus, Mycobacterium, Peptoniphilus, and Truepera, are conducive to reducing the accumulation of AN and AAN in the substrate, minimizing NH3 emissions (p < 0.05). While Pseudomonas, Denitrobacterium, Nitrospira, and Bacillus are identified as key species contributing to N2O emissions during the process. Correlation analysis between physicochemical conditions and microbial succession in the system indicates that the moisture content and NO3- levels during the composting process provide suitable conditions for the growth of bacteria that contribute to NH3 and N2O emissions reduction, these enrichment in RBD process minimizing NH3 and N2O emissions. This study can offer crucial theoretical and data support for the resource utilization process of perishable organic solid waste, mitigating NH3 and GHGs emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Liangmao Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
| | - Kai Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Min Zhan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China; School of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Pratap V, Kumar S, Yadav BR. Sewage sludge management and enhanced energy recovery using anaerobic digestion: an insight. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 90:696-720. [PMID: 39141030 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is a potential source of bioenergy, yet its management is a global concern. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is applied to effectively valorize SS by reclaiming energy in the form of methane. However, the complex floc structure of SS hinders hydrolysis during AD process, thus resulting in lower process efficiency. To overcome the rate-limiting hydrolysis, various pre-treatment methods have been developed to enhance AD efficiency. This review aims to provide insights into recent advancements in pre-treatment technologies, including mechanical, chemical, thermal, and biological methods. Each technology was critically evaluated and compared, and its relative worth was summarized based on full-scale applicability, along with economic benefits, AD performance improvements, and impact on digested sludge. The paper illuminates the readers about existing research gaps, and the future research needed for successful implementation of these approaches at full scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Pratap
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Bholu Ram Yadav
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India E-mail:
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Yu B, Fu L, Chen T, Zheng G, Yang J, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Huang X. Environmental impacts of cement kiln co-incineration sewage sludge biodried products in a scale-up trial. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:24-33. [PMID: 38290345 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The biodrying technology as a pretreatment technology can overcome the limitations of cement kilns co-incineration sewage sludge (SS) on energy consumption. But the impact of SS biodried products on cement kilns and the route carbon reduction potential of biodrying + cement kilns have not been studied. In this study, SS biodrying and cement kiln co-incineration biodried product trials were conducted to highlight the matrix combustion characteristics, and the impact of biodried products on cement kilns (clinker capacity, coal consumption, and pollutant discharge). The carbon emissions of the four scenarios were assessed based on these results. The results showed that water removal rate reached 65.5 % after 11-day biodrying, and the wet-based lower heating value of the biodried product increased by 76.0 % compared with the initial matrix. Comprehensive combustibility index of the biodried product (0.745 × 10-7 %2℃-3min-2) was better than that of SS (0.433 × 10-7 %2℃-3min-2) although a portion of the organic matter was degraded. Cement kiln co-incineration of biodried products (150 t/d) resulted in per tonne of clinker saved 5.61 kg of coal due to the heat utilization efficiency of biodried products reached to 93.7 %. However, it led to an increase in the emission concentrations of NOX and SO2. Assessment results indicated that the biodrying + cement kiln pathway reduced CO2 emissions by 385.7 kg/t SS. Biodried products have greater potential to reduce emissions as alternative fuels than as fertilizers. This study indicated the advantages of SS biodrying + cement kiln co-incineration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lili Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
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Kumar V, Verma P. Pulp-paper industry sludge waste biorefinery for sustainable energy and value-added products development: A systematic valorization towards waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120052. [PMID: 38244409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The pulp-paper industry is one of the main industrial sectors that produce massive amounts of residual sludge, constituting an enormous environmental burden for the industries. Traditional sludge management practices, such as landfilling and incineration, are restricted due to mounting environmental pressures, complex regulatory frameworks, land availability, high costs, and public opinion. Valorization of pulp-paper industry sludge (PPS) to produce high-value products is a promising substitute for traditional sludge management practices, promoting their reuse and recycling. Valorization of PPIS for biorefinery beneficiation includes biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel production for renewable energy generation. Additionally, the various thermo-chemical technologies can be utilized to synthesize bio-oil, hydrochar, biochar, adsorbent, and activated carbon, signifying potential for value-added generation. Moreover, PPIS can be recycled as a byproduct by incorporating it into nanocomposites, cardboard, and construction materials development. This paper aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of PPIS management approaches and thermo-chemical technologies utilized for the development of platform chemicals in industry. Substitute uses of PPIS, such as making building materials, developing supercapacitors, and making cardboard, are also discussed. In addition, this article deeply discusses recent developments in biotechnologies for valorizing PPIS to yield an array of valuable products, such as biofuels, lactic acids, cellulose, nanocellulose, and so on. This review serves as a roadmap for future research endeavors in the effective handling of PPIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Karmann C, Mágrová A, Jeníček P, Bartáček J, Kouba V. Advances in nitrogen removal and recovery technologies from reject water: Economic and environmental perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129888. [PMID: 37914052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This review critically assesses nitrogen removal technologies applied in the reject water treatment, across different stages of technological development, with a focus on their economic and environmental impacts. The prevalent use of biological processes raises concerns due to potential environmental impacts caused by N2O emissions. However, partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation demonstrated economic benefits and the potential for positive environmental outcomes when properly operated and controlled. Furthermore, reject water, in many cases, provides sufficient nitrogen concentrations for nitrogen recovery processes, such as ammonia stripping, substituting production of industrial fertilizers and contributing to a circular economy. Nonetheless, their financial competitiveness is subject to various conditions, including the nitrogen concentration or reject water flow. As the environmental benefits of bioprocesses and economic benefits of nitrogen recovery processes may vary, it is crucial to further optimize both and investigate novel promising technologies such as electrochemical systems, denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation or direct ammonia oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Karmann
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Mágrová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Jeníček
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Bartáček
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtěch Kouba
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic.
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Yu B, Chen T, Wang X, Yang J, Zheng G, Fu L, Huang X, Wang Y. Insights into the effect mechanism of back-mixing inoculation on sewage sludge biodrying process: Biodrying characteristics and microbial community succession. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159460. [PMID: 36257443 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Back mixing was frequently used to replace conventional bulking agenting, however, however, the internal effect mechanism was unclear. This study compared four bulking agents: mushroom residue (MR), MR + primary BM (BM-P), BM-P, and secondary BM (BM-S). The effect mechanism of back mixing (BM) inoculation was assessed based on biodrying performance and microbial community succession. Four trials (Trial A, Trial B, Trial C, and Trial D) reached maximum temperatures of 61.9, 68.8, 73.7, and 69.9 °C on days 6, 3, 2, and 2, respectively. Application of BM increased pile warming rate and resulted in higher temperatures. Temperature changes and microbial competition lead to decline in microbial diversity and richness during the biodrying process. Microbial diversity increased of four biodried products. The number of microorganisms shared by Trial A, Trial B, Trial C, and Trial D were 90, 119, 224, and 300, respectively. The addition of BM improved microbial community stability, and facilitating the initiation of biodrying process. Microbial genera that played an important role in the biodrying process included Ureibacillus, Bacillus, Sphaerobacter, and Tepidimicrobium. Based on these results, it was concluded that BM was efficient method to enhanced the microbial activity and reduced the usage of bulking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiankai Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lili Fu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xue Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yagen Wang
- Beijing Greentech Technology Group Co.Ltd., Beijing 100080, China
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Yadav A, Rene ER, Sharma M, Jatain I, Mandal MK, Dubey KK. Valorization of wastewater to recover value-added products: A comprehensive insight and perspective on different technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113957. [PMID: 35932829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to rapid globalization and urbanization, the demand for fuels, energy, water and nutrients has been continuously increasing. To meet the future need of the society, wastewater is a prominent and emerging source for resource recovery. It provides an opportunity to recover valuable resources in the form of energy, fertilizers, electricity, nutrients and other products. The aim of this review is to elaborate the scientific literature on the valorization of wastewater using wide range of treatment technologies and reduce the existing knowledge gap in the field of resource recovery and water reuse. Several versatile, resilient environmental techniques/technologies such as ion exchange, bioelectrochemical, adsorption, electrodialysis, solvent extraction, etc. are employed for the extraction of value-added products from waste matrices. Since the last two decades, valuable resources such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), matrix or polymers, cellulosic fibers, syngas, biodiesel, electricity, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, enzymes and a wide range of platform chemicals have been recovered from wastewater. In this review, the aspects related to the persisting global water issues, the technologies used for the recovery of different products and/or by-products, economic sustainability of the technologies and the challenges encountered during the valorization of wastewater are discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Yadav
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Jatain
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Li X, Wang P, Chu S, Xu Y, Su Y, Wu D, Xie B. Short-term biodrying achieves compost maturity and significantly reduces antibiotic resistance genes during semi-continuous food waste composting inoculated with mature compost. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127915. [PMID: 34863571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) is important object of resource utilization and source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the effects of biodrying combined with inoculating mature compost (B&M) on the composting efficiency, succession of bacterial communities and their links with metabolism functions as well as the fate of ARGs during FW composting. The results showed that B&M could rapidly raise and maintain high relative abundance of Bacillaceae (66.59-94.44%) as well as composting temperature (45.86-65.86 ℃), so as to achieve the final maturity of FW composting in a short time by regulating microbial carbohydrate (14.02-15.31%) and amino acid metabolism (10.33-12.47%). Network analysis demonstrated that high temperature could effectively inhibit the proliferation and spread of potential bacterial hosts of ARGs and integrons including Lactobacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Leuconostocaceae and Corynebacteriaceae during the first two days of composting. As a result, B&M significantly reduced the absolute (72.09-99.47%) and relative abundances (0.31-2.44 logs) of nearly all ARGs especially ermB, tetM, blaCTX-M and blaOXA. Present study deepened the knowledge of ARGs variation, succession and metabolism functions of bacterial communities when B&M processes were used for FW composting, suggesting a promising technology for reducing the transmission risk of ARGs and reaching maturity of FW composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Panliang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Siqin Chu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yulu Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Dong Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Li Y, Song J, Liu T, Lv J, Jiang J. Influence of reusable polypropylene packing on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during sewage sludge composting-a lab-scale investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40653-40664. [PMID: 32827119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bulking agents are particularly important for sewage sludge composting. In this study, reusable polypropylene packing (RPP) was mixed with sawdust to improve composting. The effect of the mix ratio of sawdust and RPP on the physicochemical characteristics, nitrogen transformation, and emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as differences in the germination index values was detected in a lab-scale composting experiment. The results showed that the unique use of RPP as a bulking agent increased the moisture content over 70%, which resulted in poorer porosity and a less efficient O2 utilization environment and thus suppressed the degradation of organic matter. The highest CH4 9275.8 mg and lowest CO2 202.6 g emissions were detected after 25 days of composting in the treatment with RPP used as a bulking agent. When the mixing ratio of sawdust and RPP was 1:1, the temperature, oxygen supply, and dissolved organic carbon degradation were improved. The NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions were reduced by 32.2, 18.3, and 90.7% compared with a treatment with RPP as a unique bulking agent. The RPP had no effect on conserving nitrogen during sludge composting; the total nitrogen loss was reduced from 29.3 to 18.2% when sawdust was mixed with RPP in a ratio of 1:1. Therefore, mixing RPP and sawdust in the dry weight ratio of 1:1 (sawdust: RPP) can be potentially used for reducing composting cost and improving the sewage sludge composting by reducing the amount of sawdust mixed and mitigating GHG and NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Junli Song
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinghua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jishao Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China.
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Zhang X, Liu Y. Circular economy-driven ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater: State of the art, challenges and solutions forward. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 334:125231. [PMID: 33962161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In current biological nitrogen removal (BNR) processes, most of ammonium in municipal wastewater is biologically transformed to nitrogen gas, making ammonium recovery impossible. Thus, this article aims to provide a holistic review with in-depth discussions on (i) current BNR processes for municipal wastewater treatment, (ii) environmental and economic costs behind ammonium in municipal wastewater, (iii) state of the art of ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater including anaerobic membrane bioreactor turning municipal wastewater to a liquid fertilizer, capturing ammonium in phototrophic biomass, waste activated sludge for land application, bioelectrochemical systems, biological conversion of ammonium to nitrous oxide as a fuel oxidizer, and adsorption, (iv) feasibility and challenge of adsorption for ammonium recovery from municipal wastewater and (v) innovative municipal wastewater reclamation processes coupled with ammonium recovery. Moving forward, municipal wastewater reclamation and resource recovery should be addressed under the framework of circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Tian G, Shen Y, Hu X, Zhang T, Zhang L, Bian B. The change of water content and role of microbe in the sludge drying process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 286:112254. [PMID: 33676131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pure terephthalic acid sludge was treated by a drying process which was an economical and environmentally method. The water change and metabolic pathways for bacterial community function prediction were analyzed. The microbial community changes were studied by high-throughput sequencing to draw the dynamic succession model. Then multiple statistics was used to determine the key factors of the reduction. The results showed that the main stage of water loss in the PTA sludge drying process was the high temperature period where the water lost by evaporation accounted for more than 90% of the total removal. The main metabolic pathways for bacterial community function were amino acid (7.72%-8.71% of Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes relative abundance and 8.26%-9.51% of Cluster of orthologous groups of proteins relative abundance) and carbohydrate metabolism. The model describing the dynamic succession of microbial communities showed that the dominant bacteria changed from Nitrospira, Novosphingobium and Azohydromonas to Pseudomonas, Paeniglutamicibac and Pelotomaculum. The key factors for water loss were Gemmatimonas, Novosphingobium and Azohydromonas with the correlation coefficients of 0.887, 0.772, 0.783, respectively; the key factors for dry matter loss were Pelotomaculum, total organic matter, dissovlved organic carbon and carbon/nitrogen ratio; the key factors for toxic substance loss were Brevundimonas, Novosphingobium and Gemmatimonas. These results provided theoretical support for the application and demonstration for hazardous waste sludge reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganpei Tian
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yue Shen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiuren Hu
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Bo Bian
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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12
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Guerra-Gorostegi N, González D, Puyuelo B, Ovejero J, Colón J, Gabriel D, Sánchez A, Ponsá S. Biomass fuel production from cellulosic sludge through biodrying: Aeration strategies, quality of end-products, gaseous emissions and techno-economic assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 126:487-496. [PMID: 33838388 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the technological, environmental and economic feasibility of biodrying to valorise cellulosic sludge as a renewable energy source. Specifically, three different aeration strategies were compared in terms of biodrying performance, energetic consumption, gaseous emissions, quality of end-products and techno-economic analysis. These strategies were based on different combinations of convective drying with biogenic heat produced. Two innovative biodrying performance indicators (Energetic Biodrying Index and Biodrying Performance Index) were proposed to better assess the initial and operational conditions that favour the maximum energy process efficiency and the highest end-product quality. The end-products obtained consistently presented moisture contents below 40% and lower heating values above 9.4 MJ·kg-1. However, the best values achieved were 32.6% and 10.4 MJ·kg-1 for moisture content and lower heating value, respectively. Low N2O and CH4 emissions confirmed the effective aeration of all three strategies carried out, while NH4 and tVOCs were related either to temperature or biological phenomena. A techno-economic analysis proved the economic viability and attractiveness of the biodrying technology for cellulosic sludge in all the strategies applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guerra-Gorostegi
- BETA Technological Center, Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D González
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Group of Biological Treatment of Liquid and Gaseous Effluents (GENOCOV), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Puyuelo
- BETA Technological Center, Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ovejero
- BETA Technological Center, Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Colón
- BETA Technological Center, Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gabriel
- Group of Biological Treatment of Liquid and Gaseous Effluents (GENOCOV), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Sánchez
- Composting Research Group (GICOM), Dept. of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Ponsá
- BETA Technological Center, Science and Technology Faculty, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Aggarwal S, Hakovirta M. Supercritical carbon dioxide drying of municipal sewage sludge - Novel waste-to-energy valorization pathway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112148. [PMID: 33588163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eighty percent of the world's wastewater is discharged back into nature without reuse and further treatment and solid byproduct of wastewater is either spread on land or landfilled. The valorization of municipal sewage sludge for energy use is a major opportunity for sustainable energy applications. This includes effective dewatering and drying of the sludge in addition to producing biogas during the anaerobic digestion. Supercritical CO 2 extraction process was investigated for the purpose of drying municipal sewage sludge. Remarkably our results showed that after sCO2 processing the higher heating value (HHV) of sludge at wet basis moisture content of 52% was 14 MJ/kg and thus higher than the HHV of brown coal with similar moisture level (12 MJ/kg). Our research also shows that under specific conditions sCO2 extraction reduces the moisture content of the municipal sludge from 89% to 53% in 15 min. Although, more research is needed this dewatering process could be considerably less energy intensive than conventional thermal and other drying processes. Another benefit is extraction of micro pollutants by sCO2 treatment and thus making the dried sludge more useable in energy applications as per regulations. Our results show an alternative and novel pathway for highly effective dewatering and drying of municipal and other types of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aggarwal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - M Hakovirta
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.
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14
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Evaluation of Waste Blends with Sewage Sludge as a Potential Material Input for Pyrolysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In line with the requirements of the circular economy, the European Union’s waste management legislative changes also concern the treatment of sewage sludge. Although sewage sludge production cannot be prevented, its quantities may be reduced by the synergetic effect of energy recovery via choosing a proper technology. Sewage sludge is difficult to apply as fuel alone, because of its high moisture and ash content. However, its energy use will be increased by adding suitable waste materials (different types of plastics, waste tires and paper rejects). Most recently, the thermal utilization of sewage sludge via incineration or pyrolysis has grown in importance. This article describes the fuel parameters of particular waste materials and of their blends with sewage sludge in connection with laboratory-scale thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, for their potential use in a semi-pilot plant pyrolysis unit. For pyrolytic application, the results of thermogravimetric analysis are needed in order to know the maximal temperature of thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, maximal mass losses, and weight loss rates. The samples of different thermoplastics mixed with sewage sludge, and low-density polyethylene blends with sewage sludge, had the lowest residual masses (70–74%) and the highest weight loss rates (11–19%/min). On the other hand, the blend of polyester rejects from tire processing, paper rejects and sewage sludge had the second highest residual mass (60%) and the lowest weight loss rate (3%/min).
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15
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Hao X, Chen Q, van Loosdrecht MCM, Li J, Jiang H. Sustainable disposal of excess sludge: Incineration without anaerobic digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115298. [PMID: 31751893 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Handling excess sludge produced by wastewater treatment is a common problem worldwide. Due to limited space available in landfills, as well as difficulties involved in using excess sludge in agriculture, there is a need for alternative disposal methods. Although anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used in processing sludge, only partial energy recovery from methane and sludge volume reduction can be achieved, resulting in a substantial amount of sludge remaining, which needs to be disposed of. Direct incineration after sludge drying is one possible option, a practice that is already in place in some cities in China. A comparison between direct incineration and conventional AD (with or without pretreatment by thermal hydrolysis) has to be made with respect to the energy balance and investment & operational (I & O) costs. This comparison reveals direct incineration to have the lowest energy deficit and I & O costs. Therefore, it is expected that direct incineration without AD will become the preferred sustainable approach to handling sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ji Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Han Jiang
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
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16
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Biodrying of the Light Fraction from Anaerobic Digestion Pretreatment in Order to Increase the Total Recovery Rate. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two pilot-scale tests were carried out to assess if biodrying could be an effective process for the treatment of light fraction produced by an hydromechanical pre-treatment in an anaerobic digestion plant. The trials were performed using two pilot-scale stainless steel cylindrical reactors of 750 L capacity. Two tests were performed: in Test 1, only the light fraction was used; in Test 2, the light fraction was mixed with a bulking agent composed of garden and pruning waste. In Test 2, the highest temperature (71 °C) in a short time (8 days) was reached. An average water content reduction of 78% in Test 1 and 61% in Test 2 was measured, leading to similar reductions of weight (47–48%) and volume (27–29%). A high biological stability was measured on the final light fraction samples collected from both the tests. Furthermore, the lower heating value obtained after the biodrying treatment complies with the quality specification of the European standard on refuse-derived fuels.
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17
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Avelar NV, Ribeiro BC, Rezende AAP, Silva CM, Carneiro ADCO, Martins MA. Thermal drying of industrial sludge using forced aeration. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3297-3307. [PMID: 29701122 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1470679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated an industrial biosludge drying system using hot gases from a coal furnace, seeking to increase the solids content of the biosludge above 50% (w.b.), considered suitable for combustion in biomass boilers. Biosludge was collected from a paper mill activated sludge plant. Biosludge mixtures with eucalyptus chips and eucalyptus bark in two different proportions (15% and 25%) were placed into a drying chamber. Hot gases generated by the furnace, with a flowrate of 0.64 ± 0.02 m3 s-1 at 100 ± 20°C, were applied to the piles through a blowing system. The results demonstrated that the 75% biosludge/25% eucalyptus bark mixture achieved the best drying ratio, increasing the total solids content from 31% to 72%, over a 5-h drying period. Nevertheless, all other treatments involving the addition of a bulking agent achieved solids content above 50%, confirming the positive effect of adding dried material to the sludge. These results indicate a potential use of hot gases that are currently available and released into the atmosphere by paper mills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Vilela Avelar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa/MG , Brazil
| | | | | | - Cláudio Mudadu Silva
- Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa/MG , Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Arêdes Martins
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa/MG , Brazil
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18
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Lin F, Zhu X, Li J, Yu P, Luo Y, Liu M. Effect of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) conditioned by combined lysozyme and cationic polyacrylamide on the dewatering performance of activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:679-689. [PMID: 31279118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and the water within it account for about 80% of the total sludge mass, significantly correlated with sludge charge properties, particle size, and dewaterability, while their relation is still ambiguous. To clarify the effect of EPS characteristics on the activated sludge dewaterability, the sludge conditioned by cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and lysozyme alone or in combination was comparatively investigated by the means of the SPSS17 software incorporation with chemical analysis. According to the results, the combined conditioning increased both dewatering extent and dewatering rate with the water content as low as 57.79%. It was mainly attributed to the destruction of microbial cell wall and EPS structure by enzymatic conditioning, beneficial for the release of protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS), as well as the conversion of intracellular water and some bound water into free water. Additionally, Pearson's correlation and factor analysis confirmed the significant influence of EPS properties on sludge dewaterability and explored their detailed relationship. It was indicated the most crucial factors consisted of PNS (PN in S-EPS), PNL (PN in LB-EPS), PNT (PN in TB-EPS), and PST (PS in TB-EPS) accounted for 72.83% in all of the total variance for the contribution to the dewatered water content. Moreover, the high concentration of PNS and PNL led to the zeta potential rising to -9.74 mV, and the destruction of EPS structure was favorable for sludge to form smaller particle size and compact floc structure. All the results were confirmed by the microstructure changes of the sludge flocs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jigeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peiran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Gajewska T, Malinowski M, Szkoda M. The Use of Biodrying to Prevent Self-Heating of Alternative Fuel. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12183039. [PMID: 31546784 PMCID: PMC6766290 DOI: 10.3390/ma12183039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alternative fuels (refuse-derived fuels—RDF) have been a substitute for fossil fuels in cement production for many years. RDF are produced from various materials characterized by high calorific value. Due to the possibility of self-ignition in the pile of stored alternative fuel, treatments are carried out to help protect entrepreneurs against material losses and employees against loss of health or life. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the ability to self-heat this material. Three variants of materials (alternative fuel produced on the basis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and on the basis of bulky waste (mainly varnished wood and textiles) and residues from selective collection waste (mainly plastics and tires) were adopted for the analysis. The novelty of the proposed solution consists in processing the analyzed materials inside the innovative ecological waste apparatus bioreactor (EWA), which results in increased process efficiency and shortening its duration. The passive thermography technique was used to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the decrease in the self-heating ability of RDF. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was clear that the biodrying process inhibited the self-heating of alternative fuel. The temperature of the stored fuel reached over 60 °C before the biodrying process. However, after the biodrying process, the maximum temperatures in each of the variants were about 30 °C, which indicates a decrease in the activity of microorganisms and the lack of self-ignition risk. The maximum temperatures obtained (>71 °C), the time to reach them (≈4 h), and the duration of the thermophilic phase (≈65 h) are much shorter than in the studies of other authors, where the duration of the thermophilic phase was over 80 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gajewska
- Institute of Rail Vehicles, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Malinowski
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering, Energetics and Automatization. Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Cracow, ul. Balicka 116b, 30-149 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Szkoda
- Institute of Rail Vehicles, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, al. Jana Pawła II 37, 31-864 Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Zhang J, Sui Q, Lu T, Zhong H, Shen P, Wei Y. Sludge bio-drying followed by land application could control the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104906. [PMID: 31203029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of sludge bio-drying has been adopted in response to the increasing amount of residual sewage sludge. It has been demonstrated that sludge bio-drying effectively reduces both antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), whereas ermF, tetX, and sulII become enriched in response to the dynamic development of the microbial community. The present study further demonstrated that the land application of sludge bio-drying products under current application rate did not cause an increase in the abundance of quantified ARGs in the soil but the persistence of ARB should be paid attention. Although land application introduced ermF, tetX, and tetG into the soil, these soon decreased to control levels. Furthermore, the decay rate varied between soil types, with red soil being the most persistent based on kinetics modeling. The fate of ARGs could also be attributed to the dynamics of the microbial community during land application, and the genus Parasegetibacter, which can degrade extracellular DNA, might play a key role in the control of ARGs. In summary, sludge bio-drying following land application could constitute an effective means of controlling the spread of ARGs, and microbial community changes contributed the most to the fate of the ARGs during the entire treatment chain (residual sewage sludge → bio-drying process → land application).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Tiedong Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Peihong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.
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21
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Ma J, Zhang L, Mu L, Zhu K, Li A. Multivariate insights of bulking agents influence on co-biodrying of sewage sludge and food waste: Process performance, organics degradation and microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:18-27. [PMID: 31102814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a prerequisite additive, bulking agent played an essential role on organic wastes biodrying by affecting the organics degradation and microbial consortia. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the relationships among the type of bulking agents, organics degradation and microbial community evolution. In line with the excellent physiochemical properties, corncob was found to be more desirable for biodrying with more water removal (62.13% vs. 53.70% for sawdust and 51.72% for straw) and higher energy efficiency. Furthermore, different bulking agents showed different biodegradability and affected co-existed organics degradation. In detail, corncob upgraded the amylase and lipase activities, thus promoting the degradation of readily degradable carbohydrates and lipids in feedstocks, which accounted for >60% of the bio-heat sources for water evaporation. In addition, pyrosequencing analysis revealed that Bacillus (>50%) and Ochrobactrum (>40%) were the dominant genera in thermophilic and cooling phases, with degradation capacities of readily degradable substrate and lignocellulose, respectively. And the pathogens, e.g., E. coli and K. pneumonia, were seriously inhibited by high matrix temperatures in corncob trial. These results not only suggested the corncob was a promising bulking agent, but the potential microbial mechanisms for organics degradation were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lan Mu
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Kongyun Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Environmental Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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22
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Variations of organic matters and extracellular enzyme activities during biodrying of dewatered sludge with different bulking agents. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Winkler MK, Straka L. New directions in biological nitrogen removal and recovery from wastewater. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 57:50-55. [PMID: 30708205 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes strategies for biological nitrogen removal (BNR) and recovery from wastewater. The most commonly used BNR technology nitrification/denitrification is also the most energy intensive, even though there are lower energy options, including nitritation/denitritation and more efficient partial nitritation/Anammox; the latter is well demonstrated for side-stream treatment and progressing toward mainstream applications. Nitrogen recovery can be done through cell assimilation with phototrophs, but bottlenecks with solids separation and space requirements limit applications to tertiary treatment. Whereas, microbial electrochemical cells are energy efficient at recovering nitrogen from side streams, but not capable of achieving low effluent levels. The combined strengths of these emerging approaches will improve wastewater nitrogen removal by reducing energy consumption, minimizing effluent nitrogen, and maximizing nitrogen recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kh Winkler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA.
| | - Levi Straka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, 201 More Hall, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195-2700, USA
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Abstract
The increasing volume of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment facilities is becoming a prominent concern globally. The disposal of this sludge is particularly challenging and poses severe environmental hazards due to the high content of organic, toxic and heavy metal pollutants among its constituents. This study presents a simple review of four sewage to energy recovery routes (anaerobic digestion, combustion, pyrolysis and gasification) with emphasis on recent developments in research, as well as benefits and limitations of the technology for ensuring cost and environmentally viable sewage to energy pathway. This study focusses on the review of various commercially viable sludge conversion processes and technologies used for energy recovery from sewage sludge. This was done via in-depth process descriptions gathered from literatures and simplified schematic depiction of such energy recovery processes when utilised for sludge. Specifically, the impact of fuel properties and its effect on the recovery process were discussed to indicate the current challenges and recent scientific research undertaken to resolve these challenges and improve the operational, environmental and cost competitiveness of these technologies.
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25
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Wei SP, van Rossum F, van de Pol GJ, Winkler MKH. Recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from human urine by struvite precipitation, air stripping and acid scrubbing: A pilot study. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:1030-1037. [PMID: 30286532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and closed-loop nutrient cycling require the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater. Resource recovery from diluted wastewater streams is limited by diluted concentrations and unfavorable reaction kinetics. In comparison, source separated urine allows resource recovery from a highly concentrated nutrient stream, resulting in a more sustainable and efficient recovery practice. Different nutrient recovery methods from urine have been studied in lab-scale, but pilot or full-scale process evaluations remain sparse. In this study, recovery of struvite and ammonium sulfate from urine of pregnant women was demonstrated at a pilot-scale treatment facility by means of precipitation and air stripping/acid scrubbing. The system achieved 94% struvite precipitation efficiency but merely 55% of the crystals were removed and recovered. The low phosphorus recovery was due to the washout of small crystals that escaped the sieve and settling tank, hence requiring an improved method for crystals capture. The removal and recovery efficiencies for nitrogen were 93% and 85%, respectively. Composition analysis of the produced fertilizers indicated that struvite was the dominated precipitate and quality of the ammonium sulfate met European standards. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were added in the urine to measure the fate of pharmaceuticals in the treatment system. Very little of the spiked pharmaceuticals (<0.01%) accumulated in the produced struvite and ammonium sulfate. The overall energy demand of the pilot system was 1066 MJ per m3 urine processed or 198 MJ per kg N removed. Energy efficiency was not optimized and can be improved in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany P Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | - Mari-Karoliina Henriikka Winkler
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; GMB, Dalwagenseweg 51, 4043 MT Opheusden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Dai Q, Ma L, Ren N, Ning P, Guo Z, Xie L, Gao H. Investigation on extracellular polymeric substances, sludge flocs morphology, bound water release and dewatering performance of sewage sludge under pretreatment with modified phosphogypsum. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:337-346. [PMID: 29902677 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modified phosphogypsum (MPG) was developed to improve dewaterability of sewage sludge, and dewatering performance, properties of treated sludge, composition and morphology distribution of EPS, dynamic analysis and multiple regression model on bound water release were investigated. The results showed that addition of MPG caused extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) disintegration through charge neutralization. Destruction of EPS promoted the formation of larger sludge flocs and the release of bound water into supernatant. Simultaneously, content of organics with molecular weight between 1000 and 7000 Da in soluble EPS (SB-EPS) increased with increasing of EPS dissolved into the liquid phase. Besides, about 8.8 kg•kg-1DS of bound water was released after pretreatment with 40%DS MPG dosage. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model for bound water release was established, showing that lower loosely bond EPS (LB-EPS) content and specific resistance of filtration (SRF) may improve dehydration performance, and larger sludge flocs may be beneficial for sludge dewatering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quxiu Dai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Longgui Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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27
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Li Q, Lu X, Guo H, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhi S, Zhang K. Sewage sludge drying method combining pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering with subsequent bio-drying. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:94-102. [PMID: 29730523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering (PEOD) as a pretreatment process, instead of the conventional practice of adding bulking agents, for sewage sludge bio-drying was proposed. Initially, various parameters were optimized for obtaining dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), treated by an efficient, quick, and energy-saving PEOD process. The results show that the moisture content (MC) of sewage sludge could decrease from 83.41% to 60.0% within 7.5 min in the optimum conditions of the PEOD process. Subsequently, two DSS bio-drying tests were carried out to investigate the effects of inoculation. The highest temperature (68.1 °C) was obtained for T2 (inoculation), which was 3.6 °C higher than that for T1 (non- inoculation). The MC accumulative removal rate for T1 (41.49%) was slightly less than that for T2 (44.60%). Lastly, the volatile solid degradation dynamics model parameters were measured. The degradation rate constants (k) for T1 and T2 were 0.00501 and 0.00498, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Haigang Guo
- Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Zengjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yingte Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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28
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Dai Q, Ren N, Ma L, Ning P, Qu G, Guo Z, Xie L. Research on dewaterability and properties of sewage sludge under modified phosphogypsum and acetic acid pretreatments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:268-276. [PMID: 29852416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A combined modified phosphogypsum (MPG) and acetic acid (HAC) addition was performed to pretreat sewage sludge for better dewaterability, and dewatering performance, sludge flocs morphology, properties of treated sludge, composition and morphology distribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), bound water release dynamic were investigated. Results suggested that combined addition could highly improve sludge dewatering compared to single addition. Furthermore, after pretreatment, stable sludge network was disintegrated and massive loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were destroyed into supernatant, thus increasing amount of organics with molecular weight between 1000 and 7000 Da in soluble EPS (SB-EPS). Simultaneously, about 9.5 kg kg-1 DS (Dry solids) of bound water was released from sludge network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quxiu Dai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- Faculty of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Liping Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Longgui Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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29
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Cai L, Zheng SW, Shen YJ, Zheng GD, Liu HT, Wu ZY. Complete genome sequence provides insights into the biodrying-related microbial function of Bacillus thermoamylovorans isolated from sewage sludge biodrying material. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:141-149. [PMID: 29625286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To enable the development of microbial agents and identify suitable candidate used for biodrying, the existence and function of Bacillus thermoamylovorans during sewage sludge biodrying merits investigation. This study isolated a strain of B. thermoamylovorans during sludge biodrying, submitted it for complete genome sequencing and analyzed its potential microbial functions. After biodrying, the moisture content of the biodrying material decreased from 66.33% to 50.18%, and B. thermoamylovorans was the ecologically dominant Bacillus, with the primary annotations associated with amino acid transport and metabolism (9.53%) and carbohydrate transport and metabolism (8.14%). It contains 96 carbohydrate-active- enzyme-encoding gene counts, mainly distributed in glycoside hydrolases (33.3%) and glycosyl transferases (27.1%). The virulence factors are mainly associated with biosynthesis of capsule and polysaccharide capsule. This work indicates that among the biodrying microorganisms, B. thermoamylovorans has good potential for degrading recalcitrant and readily degradable components, thus being a potential microbial agent used to improve biodrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Sheng-Wei Zheng
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Guo-Di Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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30
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Hao Z, Yang B, Jahng D. Spent coffee ground as a new bulking agent for accelerated biodrying of dewatered sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 138:250-263. [PMID: 29605704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using spent coffee ground (SCG) as a new bulking agent for biodrying of dewatered sludge (DS) was investigated in comparison with two other frequently-used bulking agents, air-dried sludge (AS) and sawdust (SD). Results showed that the moisture contents (MC) of 16-day DS biodrying with AS (Trial A), SCG (Trial B) and SD (Trial C) decreased from 70.14 wt%, 68.25 wt% and 71.63 wt% to 59.12 wt%, 41.35 wt% and 57.69 wt%, respectively. In case of Trial B, the MC rapidly decreased to 46.16 wt% with the highest water removal (70.87%) within 8 days because of the longest high-temperature period (5.8 days). Further studies indicated that the abundant biodegradable volatile solids (BVS) and high dissolved organic matter (DOM) contents in SCG were the main driving forces for water removal. According to pyrosequencing data, Firmicutes, most of which were recognized as thermophiles, was rapidly enriched on Day 8 and became the dominant phylum in Trial B. Four thermophilic genera, Bacillus, Ureibacillus, Geobacillus and Thermobifida, which can produce thermostable hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, were the most abundant in Trial B, indicating that these thermophilic bacteria evolved during the long high-temperature period enhanced the biodegradation of BVS in SCG. The 8-day biodried product of Trial B was demonstrated to be an excellent solid fuel with low heating value (LHV) of 9284 kJ kg-1, which was 2.1 and 1.8 times those of biodried products with AS and SD, respectively. Thus SCG was found to be an excellent bulking agent accelerating DS biodrying and producing a solid fuel with a high calorific value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Hao
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido, 17058, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Zhang D, Luo W, Yuan J, Li G. Co-biodrying of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Role of mixing proportions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 77:333-340. [PMID: 29705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of co-biodrying sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) at different proportions. Cornstalk was added at 15% (of total wet weight) as the bulking agent. Results show that increasing OFMSW percentage promoted the biodegradation of organic matter, thus enhancing the temperature integration value and water removal to above 75% during sludge and OFMSW co-biodrying. In particular, adding more OFMSW accelerated the biodegradation of soluble carbohydrates, lignins, lipids, and amylums, resulting in more organic loss and thus lower biodrying index (3.3-3.7 for 55-85% OFMSW). Water balance calculation indicated that evaporation was the main mechanism for water removal. Heat used for water evaporation was 37.7-48.6% of total heat consumption during co-biodrying. Our results suggest that sludge and OFMSW should be mixed equally for their efficient co-biodrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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32
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Liu T, Cui C, He J, Tang J. Effect of different bulking agents on water variation and thermal balance and their respective contribution to bio-generated heat during long-term storage sludge biodrying process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17602-17610. [PMID: 29667053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodrying was first used for the post-treatment of long-term storage sludge with vinasse as bulking agents. The effect of different bulking agents on water and heat variation and their respective contributions to bio-generated heat during storage sludge biodrying were investigated. Three different bulking agents (beer lees and distillers grains, with conventional straw used for comparison) were mixed with storage sludge for biodrying for an 18-day period. The results revealed the treatment with beer lees as bulking agent achieved the best performance with the highest water removal capacity (658 g kg-1 initial water). The extent of organic degradation in the mixture was related to the degradation ability of the bulking agents. The degradation of C- and H-containing materials (e.g., carboxylic acid) accounted for volatile solids (VS) loss. Water and thermal analyses showed that evaporation was the main way of water loss (accounting for 90%), while evaporation heat was the main component of heat consumption (accounting for 56.67-60.62%).The biodegradation of bulking agents contributed a high proportion of the bio-generated heat consumed by water evaporation (82.35-86.67%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongwei Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo He
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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33
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Hroncová E, Ladomerský J, Musil J. Problematic issues of air protection during thermal processes related to the energetic uses of sewage sludge and other waste. Case study: Co-combustion in peaking power plant. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 73:574-580. [PMID: 28830722 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is necessary to deal with issues related to the emissions as there is a constantly increasing interest in combusting sludge from sewage treatment plants in the boilers for wood. An analysis of the energetic importance of the combustion of sewage sludge has already been carried out, but the effects of various treatments of the sludge are not always clear, e.g. composting and subsequent combustion to the air pollution. Investments in other thermal processes of energetic utilisation of sewage sludge and organic waste are not always successfully implemented. The objective of this paper is to point out some problematic cases for acceptance of thermal processes related to energetic use of waste in terms of the air protection. The other aim is to mention the experience with solutions of such issues in Slovakia. There are mentioned first results of the operational validation experiments during the energy generation in circulating fluidized bed boiler in peaking power plant (Power 110MW) with the addition of the so-called alternative fuel based on wood and sewage sludge to the main fuel - black coal (anthracite). And there has already been achieved the highest share of 12.4%w. (dry matter) of sewage sludge in form of compost in blend with black coal, which is technologically viable. Moreover analyzed the problems of the authorization and operation of the co-combustion of sewage sludge and of combustion of products of various kinds of pyrolysis waste - pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Hroncová
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Ladomerský
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Musil
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 97401 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia; INECO Ltd., Mladých budovateľov 2, 974 11 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
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34
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Hao Z, Yang B, Jahng D. Combustion characteristics of biodried sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:296-305. [PMID: 29153905 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of biodrying on the characteristics of sewage sludge and the subsequent combustion behavior were investigated. 7-Day of biodrying removed 49.78% of water and 23.17% of VS initially contained in the sewage sludge and increased lower heating value (LHV) by 37.87%. Meanwhile, mass contents of C and N decreased from 36.25% and 6.12% to 32.06% and 4.82%, respectively. Surface of the biodried sewage sludge (BDSS) appeared granulated and multi-porous, which was thought to facilitate air transfer during combustion. According to thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with mass spectrometer (MS) with a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 35 °C to 1000 °C, thermally-dried sewage sludge (TDSS) and BDSS lost 74.39% and 67.04% of the initial mass, respectively. In addition, combustibility index (S) of BDSS (8.67 × 10-8 min-2 K-3) was higher than TDSS. TG-MS analyses also showed that less nitrogenous gases were generated from BDSS than TDSS. It was again showed that the average CO and NO concentrations in exit gas from isothermal combustion of BDSS were lower than those from TDSS, especially at low temperatures (≤800 °C). Based on these results, it was concluded that biodrying of sewage sludge was an energy-efficient water-removal method with less emission of air pollutants when BDSS was combusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Hao
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Cai L, Krafft T, Chen TB, Lv WZ, Gao D, Zhang HY. New insights into biodrying mechanism associated with tryptophan and tyrosine degradations during sewage sludge biodrying. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:132-141. [PMID: 28779664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge biodrying is a treatment that uses bio-heat generated from organic degradation to remove water from sewage sludge. Dewatering is still limited during biodrying, due to the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in sludge. To study the biodrying mechanism associated with EPS compositions tryptophan and tyrosine degradations, this study investigated the microbial function in sludge biodrying material. This study conducted a taxonomic analysis of biodrying material; determined the most abundant genetic functions; analyzed the functional microorganisms involved in the degradations of tryptophan and tyrosine; and summarized the metabolic pathways. The results indicated efficient degradations of tryptophan and tyrosine were observed during the initial thermophilic phase; functional microorganisms were mainly from the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, enriched with genes involved in amino acid transport and metabolism. These findings highlight the potentially important microorganisms and typical pathways that may help improve dewaterability during biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wen-Zhou Lv
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Han-Yan Zhang
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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36
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Yu D, Yang M, Qi L, Liu M, Wang Y, Wei Y. Effects of aeration on matrix temperature by infrared thermal imager and computational fluid dynamics during sludge bio-drying. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 122:317-328. [PMID: 28614744 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aeration on the pile matrix temperature was investigated using thermocouples and Infrared Thermal Imager (IRI) for temperature sensing, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for modelling of temperature variation during aeration in a full-scale sludge biodrying plant. With aeration saving of 20%, the improved strategy speeded up biodrying from 21 days to 14 days, while achieving similar drying effect. A persistent thermocouple recorded the one-dimensional (1D) total temperature variation of all aeration strategies. The IRI captured the rapid two-dimensional (2D) pile temperature dropped from 72.5 °C to 30.3 °C during 6 min of aeration, which mechanism suggested as the latent heat of moisture evaporation and sensible heat of air exchange. The CFD three-dimensional (3D) CFD results highlight the importance of latent heat rather than sensible heat. Therefore, the pile temperature drop inferred is ΔT = 5.38 °C theoretically and ΔT = 5.17 ± 4.56 °C practically, per unit of MC removed. These findings also emphasize the possibility of a pile temperature valley, due to excessive aeration under unsaturated vapour conditions. Surface temperature monitored by IRI coupled with 3D temperature simulated by CFD rapidly gives a clear matrix temperature evolution, empowering biodrying by more accurate temperature and aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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37
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Lin DF, Luo HL, Lin KL, Liu ZK. Effects of waste glass and waste foundry sand additions on reclaimed tiles containing sewage sludge ash. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:1679-1688. [PMID: 28278768 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1296891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Applying sewage sludge ash (SSA) to produce reclaimed tiles is a promising recycling technology in resolving the increasing sludge wastes from wastewater treatment. However, performance of such reclaimed tiles is inferior to that of original ceramic tiles. Many researchers have therefore tried adding various industrial by-products to improve reclaimed tile properties. In this study, multiple materials including waste glass and waste foundry sand (WFS) were added in an attempt to improve physical and mechanical properties of reclaimed tiles with SSA. Samples with various combinations of clay, WFS, waste glass and SSA were made with three kiln temperatures of 1000°C, 1050°C, and 1100°C. A series of tests on the samples were next conducted. Test results showed that waste glass had positive effects on bending strength, water absorption and weight loss on ignition, while WFS contributed the most in reducing shrinkage, but could decrease the tile bending strength when large amount was added at a high kiln temperature. This study suggested that a combination of WFS from 10% to 15%, waste glass from 15% to 20%, SSA at 10% at a kiln temperature between 1000°C and 1050°C could result in quality reclaimed tiles with a balanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Fong Lin
- a Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Lin Luo
- a Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Liang Lin
- a Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhe-Kun Liu
- a Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung City , Taiwan, ROC
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38
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Putranto A, Chen XD. A new model to predict diffusive self-heating during composting incorporating the reaction engineering approach (REA) framework. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 232:211-221. [PMID: 28231539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During composting, self-heating may occur due to the exothermicities of the chemical and biological reactions. An accurate model for predicting maximum temperature is useful in predicting whether the phenomena would occur and to what extent it would have undergone. Elevated temperatures would lead to undesirable situations such as the release of large amount of toxic gases or sometimes would even lead to spontaneous combustion. In this paper, we report a new model for predicting the profiles of temperature, concentration of oxygen, moisture content and concentration of water vapor during composting. The model, which consists of a set of equations of conservation of heat and mass transfer as well as biological heating term, employs the reaction engineering approach (REA) framework to describe the local evaporation/condensation rate quantitatively. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental data of temperature during composting of sewage sludge is observed. The modeling indicates that the maximum temperature is achieved after some 46weeks of composting. Following this period, the temperature decreases in line with a significant decrease in moisture content and a tremendous increase in concentration of water vapor, indicating the massive cooling effect due to water evaporation. The spatial profiles indicate that the maximum temperature is approximately located at the middle-bottom of the compost piles. Towards the upper surface of the piles, the moisture content and concentration of water vapor decreases due to the moisture transfer to the surrounding. The newly proposed model can be used as reliable simulation tool to explore several geometry configurations and operating conditions for avoiding elevated temperature build-up and self-heating during industrial composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Putranto
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Material Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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39
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Liu HT, Wang YW, Liu XJ, Gao D, Zheng GD, Lei M, Guo GH, Zheng HX, Kong XJ. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from sludge biodrying instead of heat drying combined with mono-incineration in China. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2017; 67:212-218. [PMID: 27629354 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1227282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sludge is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both in the form of direct process emissions and as a result of indirect carbon-derived energy consumption during processing. In this study, the carbon budgets of two sludge disposal processes at two well-known sludge disposal sites in China (for biodrying and heat-drying pretreatments, both followed by mono-incineration) were quantified and compared. Total GHG emissions from heat drying combined with mono-incineration was 0.1731 tCO2e t-1, while 0.0882 tCO2e t-1 was emitted from biodrying combined with mono-incineration. Based on these findings, a significant reduction (approximately 50%) in total GHG emissions was obtained by biodrying instead of heat drying prior to sludge incineration. IMPLICATIONS Sludge treatment results in direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moisture reduction followed by incineration is commonly used to dispose of sludge in China; however, few studies have compared the effects of different drying pretreatment options on GHG emissions during such processes. Therefore, in this study, the carbon budgets of sludge incineration were analyzed and compared following different pretreatment drying technologies (biodrying and heat drying). The results indicate that biodrying combined with incineration generated approximately half of the GHG emissions compared to heat drying followed by incineration. Accordingly, biodrying may represent a more environment-friendly sludge pretreatment prior to incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Liu
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yan-Wen Wang
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiao-Jie Liu
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ding Gao
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Guo-di Zheng
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Mei Lei
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Guang-Hui Guo
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Hai-Xia Zheng
- a Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Xiang-Juan Kong
- b Centre of Science and Technology of Construction , Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China , Beijing , China
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Zhang J, Sui Q, Tong J, Buhe C, Wang R, Chen M, Wei Y. Sludge bio-drying: Effective to reduce both antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 106:62-70. [PMID: 27697685 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is considered as one of major contributors to the increased environmental burden of ARGs. Sludge bio-drying was increasingly adopted due to its faster sludge reduction compared with composting. The fate of ARGs during full-scale sludge bio-drying was investigated to determine whether it could effectively reduce ARGs, and the contributions of bacterial community, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and co-selection from heavy metals to ARGs profiles were discussed in detail. Two piles with different aeration strategies (Pile I, the improved and Pile II, the control) were operated to elucidate effects of aeration strategy on ARGs profiles. Results showed that sludge bio-drying could effectively reduce both most of targeted ARGs (0.4-3.1 logs) and MGEs (0.8-3.3 logs) by the improved aeration strategy, which also enhanced both the sludge bio-drying performance and ARGs reduction. The enrichment of ARGs including ermF, tetX and sulII could be well explained by the evolution of bioavailable heavy metals, not HGT through MGEs, and their potential host bacteria mainly existed in Bacteroidetes. Although changes of bacterial community contributed the most to ARGs profiles, HGT through MGEs should be paid more attention especially in the thermophilic stage of sludge bio-drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Tong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chulu Buhe
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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41
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Cai L, Krafft T, Chen TB, Gao D, Wang L. Structure modification and extracellular polymeric substances conversion during sewage sludge biodrying process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:414-421. [PMID: 27262096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodrying, an economical and energy-saving biomass waste treatment, removes water from waste using the biological heat generated by organic matter degradation. Technical limitations associated with dewatering complicate the biodrying of sewage sludge. This study investigated the sludge alteration associated with its water removal, focusing on sludge form, extracellular polymeric substances, and free water release. An auto-feedback control technology was used for the biodrying; a scanning electron microscope was used to record the morphological change; three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy was used to analyze extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) variation, and time domain reflectometry was used to assess the free water release. Over the 20-day biodrying, there was a 62% water removal rate during the first thermophilic phase. Biodrying created a hollow and stratified sludge structure. Aromatic proteins and soluble microbial byproducts in the EPS were significantly degraded. The thermophilic phase was the phase resulting in the greatest free water release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Krafft
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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42
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Alibardi L, Cossu R. Pre-treatment of tannery sludge for sustainable landfilling. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 52:202-211. [PMID: 27103400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater produced during tanning activities are commonly conveyed to centralised industrial wastewater treatment plants. Sludge from physical-chemical treatments (i.e. primary sedimentation) and waste activated sludge from biological treatment units are called tannery sludge. Tannery sludge is a solid waste that needs to be carefully managed and its disposal represents one of the major problems in tannery industry. Conventional treatment and disposal of tannery sludge are based mainly on incineration and landfilling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pre-treatment process composed of aerobic stabilisation, compaction and drying, for a sustainable landfilling of tannery sludge. The process produced a reduction of volume, mass and biodegradability of treated sludge. Results also demonstrated a reduced leachability of organic and inorganic compounds from treated sludge. The pre-treatment process could allow to extend landfill life time due to lower amounts of tannery sludge to be disposed off, minimise long terms landfill emissions and obtain a state of carbon sink for tannery sludge landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Alibardi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Raffaello Cossu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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43
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Han R, Liu J, Zhao C, Li Y, Chen A. Hydrogen-rich gas production via fast pyrolysis of biophysical dried sludge: Effect of particle size and moisture content on product yields and syngas composition. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:572-577. [PMID: 27118735 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16644518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After biophysical drying, a novel biophysical dried sludge particle was obtained. This work aims to investigate the function and effects of particle sizes and moisture contents on the fast pyrolysis of biophysical dried sludge particles. The results showed that large particles (>4 mm) favoured the oil generation with a maximum value of 19.0%, and small particles (<0.27 mm) favoured the char yield with a maximum value of 60.6%. Medium particle fractions (between 0.27 mm and 4 mm) benefited syngas production and induced higher H2 and CO emission, owing to the well-developed microstructure, enrichment of cellulose, and enhanced catalytic effects during the charring process. The introduction of proper moisture content (53.9% to 62.6%) to biophysical dried sludge was found to dramatically enhance syngas yield, hydrogen production, and carbon conversion efficiency. H2 molar concentration reached a maximum of 46.02% at a moisture content of 53.9%, which was attributed to the steam reforming and steam gasification accompanying the initial biophysical dried sludge pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
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44
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Cai L, Chen TB, Gao D, Yu J. Bacterial communities and their association with the bio-drying of sewage sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:44-51. [PMID: 26724438 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-drying is a technology that aims to remove water from a material using the microbial heat originating from organic matter degradation. However, the evolution of bacterial communities that are associated with the drying process has not been researched systematically. This study was performed to investigate the variations of bacterial communities and the relationships among bacterial communities, water evaporation, water generation, and organic matter degradation during the bio-drying of sewage sludge. High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to analyze the bacterial communities, while water evaporation and water generation were determined based on an in situ water vapor monitoring device. The values of water evaporation, water generation, and volatile solids degradation were 412.9 g kg(-1) sewage sludge bio-drying material (SSBM), 65.0 g kg(-1) SSBM, and 70.2 g kg(-1) SSBM, respectively. Rarefaction curves and diversity indices showed that bacterial diversity plummeted after the temperature of the bio-drying pile dramatically increased on d 2, which coincided with a remarkable increase of water evaporation on d 2. Bacterial diversity increased when the pile cooled. During the thermophilic phase, in which Acinetobacter and Bacillus were the dominant genera, the rates of water evaporation, water generation, and VS degradation peaked. These results implied that the elevated temperature reshaped the bacterial communities, which played a key role in water evaporation, and the high temperature also contributed to the effective elimination of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tong-Bin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ding Gao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- Faculty of Architectural, Civil Engineering and Environment, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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45
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Han R, Zhao C, Liu J, Chen A, Wang H. Thermal characterization and syngas production from the pyrolysis of biophysical dried and traditional thermal dried sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:276-282. [PMID: 26402870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for energy recycling from sewage sludge was developed through biophysical drying coupled with fast pyrolysis. Thermal decomposition properties of biophysical-dried sludge (BDS) and thermal-dried sludge (TDS) were characterized through thermogravimetric (TG) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. BDS exhibited typical peaks in each differential thermogravimetric (DTG) region and presented slower mass loss rates in H, C, and L regions (180-550°C) but remarkable weight loss in region I (>550°C) compared with TDS. The charring process centered at region I, was responsible for the prominent H2 emission from BDS. The pseudo multicomponent model showed that the Em values of BDS and TDS were 48.84 and 37.75 kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, fast pyrolysis of BDS was proven to facilitate syngas and char formation more than TDS. For the yielded syngas, the thermal conversion of BDS was characterized by high H2 and CH4 content beyond 700°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection & Pollution and Remediation of Water and Soil of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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46
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Effects of aeration strategy on the evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial community structure during sludge bio-drying. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:7321-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Chen T, Yang ZH, Huang J, Xu R, Xu HY, Song P, Cao L. Drying behavior and thermo-gravimetrical kinetic analysis of foam-pretreated sewage sludge. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative pretreatment technology, in which CaO was jointly added with NaOH followed by appropriate mechanical whipping, was investigated for the foaming and drying of sewage sludge (SS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Hai-yin Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Peipei Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
| | - Liang Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University)
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48
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Escherichia coli persistence kinetics in dairy manure at moderate, mesophilic, and thermophilic temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic environments. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:457-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Huiliñir C, Villegas M. Biodrying of pulp and paper secondary sludge: kinetics of volatile solids biodegradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 157:206-213. [PMID: 24561626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the kinetics of volatile solids (VS) biodegradation of the biodrying process using pulp and paper secondary sludge. The experiments were carried out with air-flow rates of 0.51, 1.61, 3.25 and 5.26L/minkgVS) and initial moisture content of 64-66% w.b. Using five kinetic models and a nonlinear regression method, kinetic parameters were estimated and the models were analyzed with two statistical indicators. Higher air-flow rates cause greater moisture content reduction, lower temperature in the matrix, and lower VS reduction. At an air-flow rate as high as 5.26L/minkgVS there is no biodrying but only convective drying. The kinetic models used successfully simulate the VS biodegradation under biodrying conditions, with a root mean square error (RMSE) between 0.007929 and 0.02744. In conclusion, we show for the first time that VS biodegradation in the biodrying process can be successfully modeled with a kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Villegas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 442, Correo 2, Santiago, Chile
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Lakshmanan R, Kuttuva Rajarao G. Effective water content reduction in sewage wastewater sludge using magnetic nanoparticles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 153:333-339. [PMID: 24378779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work compares the use of three flocculants for sedimentation of sludge and sludge water content from sewage wastewater i.e. magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MION), ferrous sulfate (chemical) and Moringa crude extract (protein). Sludge water content, wet/dry weight, turbidity and color were performed for, time kinetics and large-scale experiment. A 30% reduction of the sludge water content was observed when the wastewater was treated with either protein or chemical coagulant. The separation of sludge from wastewater treated with MION was achieved in less than 5min using an external magnet, resulted in 95% reduction of sludge water content. Furthermore, MION formed denser flocs and more than 80% reduction of microbial content was observed in large volume experiments. The results revealed that MION is efficient in rapid separation of sludge with very low water content, and thus could be a suitable alternative for sludge sedimentation and dewatering in wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Lakshmanan
- Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), School of Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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