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Uma VS, Usmani Z, Sharma M, Diwan D, Sharma M, Guo M, Tuohy MG, Makatsoris C, Zhao X, Thakur VK, Gupta VK. Valorisation of algal biomass to value-added metabolites: emerging trends and opportunities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 22:1-26. [PMID: 35250414 PMCID: PMC8889523 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Algal biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable production of a range of value-added compounds and products including food, feed, fuel. To further augment the commercial value of algal metabolites, efficient valorization methods and biorefining channels are essential. Algal extracts are ideal sources of biotechnologically viable compounds loaded with anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous and several therapeutic and restorative properties. Emerging technologies in biomass valorisation tend to reduce the significant cost burden in large scale operations precisely associated with the pre-treatment, downstream processing and waste management processes. In order to enhance the economic feasibility of algal products in the global market, comprehensive extraction of multi-algal product biorefinery is envisaged as an assuring strategy. Algal biorefinery has inspired the technologists with novel prospectives especially in waste recovery, carbon concentration/sequestration and complete utilisation of the value-added products in a sustainable closed-loop methodology. This review critically examines the latest trends in the algal biomass valorisation and the expansive feedstock potentials in a biorefinery perspective. The recent scope dynamics of algal biomass utilisation such as bio-surfactants, oleochemicals, bio-stimulants and carbon mitigation have also been discussed. The existing challenges in algal biomass valorisation, current knowledge gaps and bottlenecks towards commercialisation of algal technologies are discussed. This review is a comprehensive presentation of the road map of algal biomass valorisation techniques towards biorefinery technology. The global market view of the algal products, future research directions and emerging opportunities are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. S. Uma
- Radiological and Environmental Safety Group, Department of Atomic Energy, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Govt of India, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, 793101 India
| | - Deepti Diwan
- School of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, UP India
| | - Miao Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Maria G. Tuohy
- Molecular Glycobiotechnology Group, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute and MaREI, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College, Strand Campus, The Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Future Business Cambridge, Cambond Limited, Centre Kings Hedges Road, Cambridge, CB4 2HY UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), 248007 Dehradun, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
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Effects of Structural and Compositional Changes of Nanochloropsis oceania after Enzyme Treatment on EPA-Rich Lipids Extraction. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030160. [PMID: 35323459 PMCID: PMC8955213 DOI: 10.3390/md20030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved methods for the extraction of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an essential and economically important polyunsaturated fatty acid, are urgently required. However, lipid extraction rates using food-grade solvents such as ethanol are usually low. To improve the ethanol-based extraction rate, and to elucidate the relevant mechanisms, we used cellulase and laccase to treat powdered Nannochloropsis, one of the most promising microalgal sources of EPA. Cellulase and laccase synergistically increased lipid yields by 69.31% and lipid EPA content by 42.63%, by degrading the amorphous hemicellulose and cellulose, improving crystallinity, and promoting the release and extraction of lysodiacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cell morphology was substantially altered, with cell-wall rupture, loss of cell boundaries, and the release of intracellular substances. In conclusion, Nannochloropsis lipid yields may be directly linked to cell-wall hemicellulose structure, and enzymatic treatment to alter this may improve lipid yields.
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A cascade biorefinery for the valorization of microalgal biomass: biodiesel, biogas, fertilizers and high valuable compounds. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Elalami D, Oukarroum A, Barakat A. Anaerobic digestion and agronomic applications of microalgae for its sustainable valorization. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26444-26462. [PMID: 35480019 PMCID: PMC9037636 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04845g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered potential candidates in biorefinery processes, and due to their biochemical properties, they can be used in the production of biofuels such as biogas, as well as for bioremediation of liquid effluents. The objective of this review is to study the current status of microalgae anaerobic digestion and agricultural uses (as bio-stimulants and biofertilizers), starting from microalgae cultivation. Indeed, the efficiency of these processes necessarily depends on the evaluation of different biotic and abiotic factors that affect the growth of microalgae. However, the adaptation and the optimization of process parameters on a large scale is also limited by energy and economic constraints. Moreover, the integration of biogas production processes with microalgae cultivation allows a nutrients and CO2 virtuous loop, thus promoting the sustainability of the process. Finally, this paper provides a general overview of biogas and biofertilizers production combination, as well as the related challenges and recommended future research perspectives to complement the gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Elalami
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guérir Morocco
- IATE, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Agro Institut Montpellier 34060 France
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Sarma S, Sharma S, Rudakiya D, Upadhyay J, Rathod V, Patel A, Narra M. Valorization of microalgae biomass into bioproducts promoting circular bioeconomy: a holistic approach of bioremediation and biorefinery. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:378. [PMID: 34367870 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for alternative source of fuel has demanded the cultivation of 3rd generation feedstock which includes microalgae, seaweed and cyanobacteria. These phototrophic organisms are unique in a sense that they utilise natural sources like sunlight, water and CO2 for their growth and metabolism thereby producing diverse products that can be processed to produce biofuel, biochemical, nutraceuticals, feed, biofertilizer and other value added products. But due to low biomass productivity and high harvesting cost, microalgae-based production have not received much attention. Therefore, this review provides the state of the art of the microalgae based biorefinery approach to define an economical and sustainable process. The three major segments that need to be considered for economic microalgae biorefinery is low cost nutrient source, efficient harvesting methods and production of by-products with high market value. This review has outlined the use of various wastewater as nutrient source for simultaneous biomass production and bioremediation. Further, it has highlighted the common harvesting methods used for microalgae and also described various products from both raw biomass and delipidified microalgae residues in order to establish a sustainable, economical microalgae biorefinery with a touch of circular bioeconomy. This review has also discussed various challenges to be considered followed by a techno-economic analysis of the microalgae based biorefinery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamali Sarma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Shaishav Sharma
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Darshan Rudakiya
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Jinal Upadhyay
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Vinod Rathod
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Aesha Patel
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
| | - Madhuri Narra
- Bioconversion Technology Division, Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Post Box No. 2, Anand, Gujarat 388120 India
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Carrillo-Reyes J, Buitrón G, Arcila JS, López-Gómez MO. Thermophilic biogas production from microalgae-bacteria aggregates: biogas yield, community variation and energy balance. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129898. [PMID: 33667771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production through anaerobic mesophilic digestion is the most straightforward biofuel production route integrated into microalgae-bacteria wastewater treatment plants. Improvement of this biofuel route without adding pretreatment units is possible through the temperature increase. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the transitory effect of different temperatures (35 °C and 55 °C) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15 and 30 d on the long-term methane production using non-pretreated microalgae-bacteria aggregates as a feedstock. The thermophilic transition from mesophilic inoculum adapted to microalgae-bacteria aggregate increased 1.7-fold the methane production (0.41 m3CH4 kgVS-1) at HRT of 30 d. A substantial decrease in the microbial community's diversity present in the anaerobic reactor was observed when thermophilic conditions were applied, explaining the long adaptation period needed. The increase of the operative temperature condition promotes changes in the dominance pathway of methanogenesis from hydrogenotrophic to acetolactic. The energy balance assessment showed a positive net energy ratio when the digester was operated at an HRT of 30 d. A maximum net energy ratio of 1.5 was achieved at mesophilic temperature. This study demonstrated, based on experimental data, that microalgal digestion with an HRT of 30 d favors energy self-sustainability in microalgal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Carrillo-Reyes
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Germán Buitrón
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
| | - Juan Sebastián Arcila
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico; Research Group of Technological and Environmental Advances, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60 - 63, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Matías Orlando López-Gómez
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
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8
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Serna-García R, Borrás L, Bouzas A, Seco A. Insights into the biological process performance and microbial diversity during thermophilic microalgae co-digestion in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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The effect of the lipid extraction method used in biodiesel production on the integrated recovery of biodiesel and biogas from Nannochloropsis gaditana, Isochrysis galbana and Arthrospira platensis. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Chatterjee P, Granatier M, Ramasamy P, Kokko M, Lakaniemi AM, Rintala J. Microalgae grow on source separated human urine in Nordic climate: Outdoor pilot-scale cultivation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:119-127. [PMID: 30784859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human urine contributes approximately 80% of nitrogen and 50% of phosphorous in urban wastewaters while having a volume of only 1-1.5 L/d per capita compared to 150-200 L/d per capita of wastewater generated. There is interest to study source separation of urine and search methods to recover the nutrients form the urine. In this study, the objective was to use the nutrients in source separated urine for outdoor cultivation of microalgae in Nordic climate. A freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus was grown in different dilutions (1:20 and 1:15) of source separated human urine, in a semi-continuously operated outdoor raceway pond with a liquid volume of 2000 L, at hydraulic retention time of 15 d. The microalgae could remove 52% nitrogen and 38% phosphorus even at culture temperatures as low as 5 °C, while obtaining a biomass density of 0.34 g VSS/L. Harvested microalgal biomass could be used to produce methane with a yield of 285 L CH4/kg volatile solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chatterjee
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland.
| | - Marianna Granatier
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Praveen Ramasamy
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Marika Kokko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
| | | | - Jukka Rintala
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Finland
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11
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Bohutskyi P, Phan D, Spierling RE, Kopachevsky AM, Bouwer EJ, Lundquist TJ, Betenbaugh MJ. Production of lipid-containing algal-bacterial polyculture in wastewater and biomethanation of lipid extracted residues: Enhancing methane yield through hydrothermal pretreatment and relieving solvent toxicity through co-digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1377-1394. [PMID: 30759577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of generating a lipid-containing algal-bacterial polyculture biomass in municipal primary wastewater and enhancing biomethanation of lipid-extracted algal residues (LEA) through hydrothermal pretreatment and co-digestion with sewage sludge (SS) was investigated. In high-rate algal ponds, the polyculture of native algal and bacteria species demonstrated a monthly average net and gross biomass productivity of 30 ± 3 and 36 ± 3 gAFDW m-2 day-1 (summer season). The algal community was dominated by Micractinium sp. followed by Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella sp., pennate diatoms and Chlamydomonas sp. The polyculture metabolic activities resulted in average reductions of wastewater volatile suspended solids (VSS), carbonaceous soluble biochemical oxygen demand (csBOD5) and total nitrogen (Ntotal) of 63 ± 18%, 98 ± 1% and 76 ± 21%, respectively. Harvested biomass contained nearly 23% lipid content and an extracted blend of fatty acid methyl esters satisfied the ASTM D6751 standard for biodiesel. Anaerobic digestion of lipid extracted algal residues (LEA) demonstrated long lag-phase in methane production of 17 days and ultimate methane yield of 296 ± 2 mL/gVS (or ~50% of theoretical), likely because to its limited biodegradability and toxicity due to presence of the residual solvent (hexane). Hydrothermal pretreatment increased the ultimate methane yield and production rate by 15-30% but did not mitigate solvent toxicity effects completely leading to less substantial improvement in energy output of 5-20% and diminished Net Energy Ratio (NER < 1). In contrast, co-digestion of LEA with sewage sludge (10% to 90% ratio) was found to minimize solvent toxicity and improve methane yield enhancing the energy output ~4-fold, compared to using LEA as a single substrate, and advancing NER to 4.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Bohutskyi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3300 Stevens Dr., Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Duc Phan
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Cir San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruth E Spierling
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; MicroBio Engineering Inc, PO Box 15821, San Luis Obispo, CA 93406, USA
| | - Anatoliy M Kopachevsky
- Department of Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering, Academy of Construction and Architecture of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 4 Prospekt Vernadskogo, Simferopol 295007, Republic of Crimea; Water Technologies Research and Production Company, 7 Petropavlovskaya street, Simferopol 295000, Republic of Crimea; Water of the Crimea State Unitary Enterprise of the Republic of Crimea, 1а Kievskaya street, Simferopol 295053, Republic of Crimea
| | - Edward J Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA
| | - Trygve J Lundquist
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; MicroBio Engineering Inc, PO Box 15821, San Luis Obispo, CA 93406, USA
| | - Michael J Betenbaugh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA
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Ganesh Saratale R, Kumar G, Banu R, Xia A, Periyasamy S, Dattatraya Saratale G. A critical review on anaerobic digestion of microalgae and macroalgae and co-digestion of biomass for enhanced methane generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 262:319-332. [PMID: 29576518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biogas production using algal resources has been widely studied as a green and alternative renewable technology. This review provides an extended overview of recent advances in biomethane production via direct anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae, macroalgae and co-digestion mechanism on biomethane production and future challenges and prospects for its scaled-up applications. The effects of pretreatment in the preparation of algal feedstock for methane generation are discussed briefly. The role of different operational and environmental parameters for instance pH, temperature, nutrients, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on sustainable methane generation are also reviewed. Finally, an outlook on the possible options towards the scale up and enhancement strategies has been provided. This review could encourage further studies in this area, to intend and operate continuous mode by designing stable and reliable bioreactor systems and to analyze the possibilities and potential of co-digestion for the promotion of algal-biomethane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 38722, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | | | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Methodical Aspects of Biogas Production in Small-Volume Bioreactors in Laboratory Investigations. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Ghimire A, Kumar G, Sivagurunathan P, Shobana S, Saratale GD, Kim HW, Luongo V, Esposito G, Munoz R. Bio-hythane production from microalgae biomass: Key challenges and potential opportunities for algal bio-refineries. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:525-536. [PMID: 28601770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interest in microalgae for wastewater treatment and liquid bio-fuels production (i.e. biodiesel and bioethanol) is steadily increasing due to the energy demand of the ultra-modern technological world. The associated biomass and by-product residues generated from these processes can be utilized as a feedstock in anaerobic fermentation for the production of gaseous bio-fuels. In this context, dark fermentation coupled with anaerobic digestion can be a potential technology for the production of hydrogen and methane from these residual algal biomasses. The mixture of these gaseous bio-fuels, known as hythane, has superior characteristics and is increasingly regarded as an alternative to fossil fuels. This review provides the current developments achieved in the conversion of algal biomass to bio-hythane (H2+CH4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Ghimire
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, P.O. Box 6250, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group (GPBAE), Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Periyasamy Sivagurunathan
- Center for Materials Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Virapandianpatnam, Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh D Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University - Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincenzo Luongo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - Raul Munoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Doctor Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Moya D, Aldás C, López G, Kaparaju P. Municipal solid waste as a valuable renewable energy resource: a worldwide opportunity of energy recovery by using Waste-To-Energy Technologies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Doddapaneni TRKC, Praveenkumar R, Tolvanen H, Palmroth MRT, Konttinen J, Rintala J. Anaerobic batch conversion of pine wood torrefaction condensate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:299-307. [PMID: 27898321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic compound rich torrefaction condensate, owing to their high water content and acidic nature, have yet to be exploited for practical application. In this study, microbial conversion of torrefaction condensate from pine wood through anaerobic batch digestion (AD) to produce methane was evaluated. Torrefaction condensate exhibited high methane potentials in the range of 430-492mL/g volatile solids (VS) and 430-460mL/gVS under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, respectively. Owing to the changes in the composition, the methane yields differed with the torrefaction condensates produced at different temperatures (225, 275 and 300°C), with a maximum of 492±18mL/gVS with the condensate produced at 300°C under mesophilic condition. The cyclic batch AD experiments showed that 0.1VSsubstrate:VSinoculum is optimum, whereas the higher substrate loading (0.2-0.5) resulted in a reversible inhibition of the methane production. The results suggest that torrefaction condensate could be practically valorized through AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Praveenkumar
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik Tolvanen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Marja R T Palmroth
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Konttinen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Rintala
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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Yan P, Qin RC, Guo JS, Yu Q, Li Z, Chen YP, Shen Y, Fang F. Net-Zero-Energy Model for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1017-1023. [PMID: 27943674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A large external energy input prevents wastewater treatment from being environmentally sustainable. A net-zero-energy (NZE) wastewater treatment concept based on biomass energy recycling was proposed to avoid wasting resources and to promote energy recycling in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Simultaneously, a theoretical model and boundary condition based on energy balance were established to evaluate the feasibility of achieving NZE in WWTPs; the model and condition were employed to analyze data from 20 conventional WWTPs in China. A total of six WWTPs can currently export excess energy, eight WWTPs can achieve 100% energy self-sufficiency by adjusting the metabolic material allocation, and six municipal WWTPs cannot achieve net-zero energy consumption based on the evaluation of the theoretical model. The NZE model offset 79.5% of the electricity and sludge disposal cost compared with conventional wastewater treatment. The NZE model provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of material regulation for the effective utilization of organic energy from wastewater and promotes engineering applications of the NZE concept in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Rong-Cong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045, China
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18
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Innovation in biological production and upgrading of methane and hydrogen for use as gaseous transport biofuel. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:451-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Maurya R, Paliwal C, Ghosh T, Pancha I, Chokshi K, Mitra M, Ghosh A, Mishra S. Applications of de-oiled microalgal biomass towards development of sustainable biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:787-796. [PMID: 27161655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of commercialization of microalgal biofuel, the de-oiled microalgal biomass (DMB) is a surplus by-product in the biorefinery process that needs to be exploited to make the process economically attractive and feasible. This DMB, rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals, can be used as feed, fertilizer, and substrate for the production of bioethanol/bio-methane. Further, thermo-chemical conversion of DMB results into fuels and industrially important chemicals. Future prospects of DMB also lie with its conversion into novel biomaterials like nanoparticles and carbon-dot which have biomedical importance. The lowest valued application of DMB is to use it for adsorption of dyes and heavy metals from industrial effluents. This study reviews how DMB can be utilized for different applications and in the generation of valuable co-products. The value addition of DMB would thereby improve the overall cost economics of the microalgal bio-refinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahulkumar Maurya
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Chetan Paliwal
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Tonmoy Ghosh
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Imran Pancha
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kaumeel Chokshi
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhusree Mitra
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Division of Plant Omics, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G B Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.
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20
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Mendonça Costa MSSD, Lucas JD, Mendonça Costa LAD, Orrico ACA. A highly concentrated diet increases biogas production and the agronomic value of young bull's manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:521-527. [PMID: 26452426 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for animal protein has driven significant changes in cattle breeding systems, mainly in feedlots, with the use of young bulls fed on diets richer in concentrate (C) than in forage (F). These changes are likely to affect animal manure, demanding re-evaluation of the biogas production per kg of TS and VS added, as well as of its agronomic value as a biofertilizer, after anaerobic digestion. Here, we determined the biogas production and agronomic value (i.e., the macronutrient concentration in the final biofertilizer) of the manure of young bulls fed on diets with more (80% C+20% F; 'HighC' diet) or less (65% C+35% F; 'LowC' diet) concentrate, evaluating the effects of temperature (25, 35, and 40°C) and the use of an inoculum, during anaerobic digestion. A total of 24 benchtop reactors were used, operating in a semi-continuous system, with a 40-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). The manure from animals given the HighC diet had the greatest potential for biogas production, when digested with the use of an inoculum and at 35 or 40°C (0.6326 and 0.6207m(3)biogas/kg volatile solids, or VS, respectively). We observed the highest levels of the macronutrients N, P, and K in the biofertilizer from the manure of animals given HighC. Our results show that the manure of young bulls achieves its highest potential for biogas production and agronomic value when animals are fed diets richer in concentrate, and that biogas production increases if digestion is performed at higher temperatures, and with the use of an inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Parana State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, Jardim Universitário, 2069, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jorge de Lucas
- Department of Rural Engineering, São Paulo State University, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences at Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Parana State University, Agricultural Engineering Graduate Program, Rua Universitária, Jardim Universitário, 2069, 85.819-110 Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Mahdy A, Ballesteros M, González-Fernández C. Enzymatic pretreatment of Chlorella vulgaris for biogas production: Influence of urban wastewater as a sole nutrient source on macromolecular profile and biocatalyst efficiency. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:319-325. [PMID: 26338277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two biocatalysts, namely carbohydrases and proteases, were assessed for organic matter solubilisation and methane yield enhancement of microalgae biomass. This study evidenced Chlorella vulgaris carbohydrate accumulation (40% on VSS basis) when grown in urban wastewater. Despite of the carbohydrate prevailing fraction, protease pretreatment showed higher organic matter hydrolysis efficiency (54%). Microscopic observation revealed that carbohydrases affected slightly the cell wall while protease was not selective to wall constituents. Raw and pretreated biomass was digested at 1.5 kg tCOD m(-3) day(-1) organic loading rate (OLR1) and 20 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest methane yield (137 mL CH4 g COD in(-1)) was achieved in the reactor fed with protease pretreated C. vulgaris. Additionally, anaerobic digestion was conducted at OLR2 (3 kg tCOD m(-3) day(-1)) and HRT (15 days). When compared to raw biomass, methane yield increased 5- and 6.3-fold at OLR1 and OLR2, respectively. No inhibitors were detected during the anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahdy
- Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production Unit - IMDEA Energy, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mercedes Ballesteros
- Biotechnological Processes for Energy Production Unit - IMDEA Energy, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biofuels Unit - Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Effect of food to microbe ratio variation on anaerobic co-digestion of petrochemical wastewater with manure. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Kinnunen V, Ylä-Outinen A, Rintala J. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper industry biosludge-long-term reactor performance and effects of thermal pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 87:105-111. [PMID: 26397452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment processes produce large volumes of biosludge. Limited anaerobic degradation of lignocellulose has hindered the utilization of biosludge, but the processing of biosludge using anaerobic digestion has recently regained interest. In this study, biosludge was used as a sole substrate in long-term (400 d) mesophilic laboratory reactor trials. Nine biosludge batches collected evenly over a period of one year from a pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment plant had different solid and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus, trace elements) characteristics. Nutrient characteristics may vary by a factor of 2-11, while biomethane potentials (BMPs) ranged from 89 to 102 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS between batches. The BMPs were enhanced by 39-88% with thermal pretreatments at 105-134 °C. Despite varying biosludge properties, stable operation was achieved in reactor trials with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 14 d. Hydrolysis was the process limiting step, ceasing gas production when the HRT was shortened to 10 days. However, digestion with an HRT of 10 days was feasible after thermal pretreatment of the biosludge (20 min at 121 °C) due to enhanced hydrolysis. The methane yield was 78 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS for untreated biosludge and was increased by 77% (138 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS) after pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kinnunen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - A Ylä-Outinen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - J Rintala
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland.
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24
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Gonzalez-Fernandez C, Sialve B, Molinuevo-Salces B. Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass: Challenges, opportunities and research needs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:896-906. [PMID: 26454349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integration of anaerobic digestion (AD) with microalgae processes has become a key topic to support economic and environmental development of this resource. Compared with other substrates, microalgae can be produced close to the plant without the need for arable lands and be fully integrated within a biorefinery. As a limiting step, anaerobic hydrolysis appears to be one of the most challenging steps to reach a positive economic balance and to completely exploit the potential of microalgae for biogas and fertilizers production. This review covers recent investigations dealing with microalgae AD and highlights research opportunities and needs to support the development of this resource. Novel approaches to increase hydrolysis rate, the importance of the reactor design and the noteworthiness of the microbial anaerobic community are addressed. Finally, the integration of AD with microalgae processes and the potential of the carboxylate platform for chemicals and biofuels production are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Sialve
- INRA, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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25
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Microalgae-utilizing biorefinery concept for pulp and paper industry: Converting secondary streams into value-added products. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Soto M, Vázquez MA, de Vega A, Vilariño JM, Fernández G, de Vicente MES. Methane potential and anaerobic treatment feasibility of Sargassum muticum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 189:53-61. [PMID: 25864031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of the alga Sargassum muticum with special attention to its biodegradability, potential toxicity caused by its salt content, alga components and intermediate process compounds, and potential limitations to continuous treatment. Specific methane potential (SMP) for three samples of S. muticum collected from the Galician coast (Northwest Spain) at different seasons ranged from 166 to 208 mLCH4/gVS while accumulation of toxic compounds was not observed at alga concentrations of up to 100 gTS/L, except for one of the samples in which inhibition started at 80-100 gTS/L. Continuous digestion is feasible at alga concentration up to 100 gTS/L with methane production rates ranging from 0.14 to 0.26 LCH4/Ld at organic loading rates of 3.2 gTS/Ld, but SMP dropped to 113-159 mLCH4/gVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soto
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga n° 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
| | - M A Vázquez
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga n° 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - A de Vega
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga n° 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
| | - J M Vilariño
- INVESGA, S.L. Rúa Perseo n° 9, 15179 Oleiros, A Coruña, Spain
| | - G Fernández
- INVESGA, S.L. Rúa Perseo n° 9, 15179 Oleiros, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M E S de Vicente
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Rúa da Fraga n° 10, 15008 A Coruña, Galiza, Spain
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27
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Ward A, Lewis D. Pre-treatment options for halophytic microalgae and associated methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:410-413. [PMID: 25515151 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methane production from lipid extracted, pre-treated disrupted and non-pretreated Tetraselmis spp. microalgae was investigated. The results demonstrated that 122 mL per g VS methane was produced for the lipid extracted Tetraselmis spp., demonstrating that lipid free Tetraselmis can be effectively digested in an anaerobic environment. A total of 252 mL per g VS and 248 mL per g VS of methane was reported for non-disrupted and pre-treated disrupted Tetraselmis sp. respectively. It was also observed that the microbial community caused cell lysis of Tetraselmis spp. during the anaerobic digestion process. Cell lyses can offer a direct conversion pathway of intact Tetraselmis spp. for energy production, thus negating the need for pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ward
- Microalgae Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | - David Lewis
- Microalgae Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Muradel Pty Ltd, Whyalla, South Australia 5600, Australia
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