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Yu J, Fang L, Kim S, Kim K, Kim M, Lee T. Valorization of fruit and vegetable byproducts for the beta-glucan production from Euglena gracilis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130213. [PMID: 38113951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Five fruit and vegetable byproducts were evaluated as carbon sources and media for beta-glucan production from Euglena gracilis. Orange peel showed the highest beta-glucan concentration (6.5 g/L) and productivity (1.9 g/L/day) when used as a medium. However, when employed as carbon sources, apple pomace showed the highest beta-glucan concentration (10.6 g/L) and productivity (3.5 g/L/day). The appropriate chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen ratio (71.1) and favorable carbon sources of apple contributed to beta-glucan production. Increasing sugar concentrations in apple pomace and orange peel from 10 to 30 g/L raised the beta-glucan concentration to 11.6 g/L. Using apple pomace and orange peel individually proved more effective than mixing them for beta-glucan production. Therefore, apple as a carbon source is the most effective fruit and vegetables byproduct for beta-glucan production. This is expected to reduce the cost of E. gracilis cultivation on a large-scale and contribute to the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaecheul Yu
- Department of Energy and Environment, Korea Polytechnic, Changwon 51518, Republic of Korea
| | - Liu Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Daesang Co., Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tang S, Chen Y, Liao D, Lin Y, Han S, Zheng S. A process for p-hydroxystyrene production from glycerol based on cell-free biosynthesis system. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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3
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Gufrana T, Islam H, Khare S, Pandey A, P R. In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:120-135. [PMID: 35499507 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2065684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biodiesel synthesis and production demands have increased because of its high degradability, cleaner emissions, non-toxicity, and an alternative to petroleum diesel. In this context, Single Cell Oil (SCO) has been identified as an alternative feedstock, having the advantage of accumulating high intracellular lipid. SCO/microbial lipids are potential alternatives for sustainable biodiesel production. The traditional technique for biodiesel production from the oils obtained from microbes generally requires two steps: lipid extraction and transesterification. In-situ transesterification is an innovative and renewable process for biodiesel production. It rules out the need to isolate and refine the feedstock lipid, as it directly uses biomass in a single step, i.e., the pretreated biomass will be subjected to in-situ transesterification in the presence of catalysts. Hence, the production cost can be reduced by eliminating the lipid extraction procedure. The current review focuses on the basic features and advantages of in-situ transesterification of SCO for biodiesel production with the aid of short-chain alcohols along with different acid, base, and enzyme catalysts. In addition, a comparative study was carried out to highlight the merits of in-situ transesterification over conventional transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Gufrana
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hasibul Islam
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shivani Khare
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ankita Pandey
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radha P
- Bioprocess and Bioseparation Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ummalyma SB, Sahoo D, Pandey A. Resource recovery through bioremediation of wastewaters and waste carbon by microalgae: a circular bioeconomy approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58837-58856. [PMID: 33527238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass-based biofuels are a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Microalgal biofuels' major obstacles are the water and carbon sources for their cultivation and biomass harvest from the liquid medium. To date, an economically viable process is not available for algal based biofuels. The circular bioeconomy is an attractive concept for reuse, reduce, and recycle resources. The recovery of nutrients from waste and effluents by microalgae could significantly impact the escalating demands of energy and nutraceutical source to the growing population. Wastewaters from different sources are enriched with nutrients and carbon, and these resources can be recovered and utilized for the circular bioeconomy approach. However, the utilization of wastewaters and waste seems to be an essential strategy for mass cultivation of microalgae to minimizing freshwater consumption, carbon, nutrients cost, nitrogen, phosphorus removal, and other pollutants loads from wastewater and generating sustainable biomass for value addition for either biofuels or other chemicals. Hence, the amalgamation of wastewater treatment with the mass cultivation of microalgae improved the conventional treatment process and environmental impacts. This review provides complete information on the latest progress and developments of microalgae as potential biocatalyst for the remediation of wastewaters and waste carbon to recover resources through biomass with metabolites for various industrial applications and large-scale cultivation in wastewaters, and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeela Beevi Ummalyma
- DBT-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD) (An Autonomous Institute under Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, India.
| | | | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicological Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
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5
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Tomás-Pejó E, Morales-Palomo S, González-Fernández C. Microbial lipids from organic wastes: Outlook and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124612. [PMID: 33418352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids have recently drawn a lot of attention as renewable sources for biochemicals production. Strong research efforts have been addressed to efficiently use organic wastes as carbon source for microbial lipids, which would definitively increase the profitability of the production process and boost a bio-based economy. This review compiles interesting traits of oleaginous microorganisms and highlights current trends on microbial- and process-oriented approaches to maximize microbial oil production from inexpensive substrates like lignocellulosic sugars, volatile fatty acids and glycerol. Furthermore, downstream processes such as cell harvesting or lipid extraction, that are decisive for the cost-effectiveness of the process, are discussed. To underpin microbial oils within the so demanded circular economy, associated challenges, recent advances and possible industrial applications that are also identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tomás-Pejó
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Morales-Palomo
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González-Fernández
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Torres-Tiji Y, Fields FJ, Mayfield SP. Microalgae as a future food source. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107536. [PMID: 32194145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges that we face in the 21st century is the need to feed an ever-increasing human population with increasingly limited natural resources. Even today it is estimated that roughly 1 out of 9 people in the world are undernourished, of which the most important factor is protein-energy malnutrition. By establishing microalgae as a new food and feed platform, we have the opportunity to increase the supply of these essential products to address global demands in a more efficient and environmentally sustainable way. Many types of algae are nutritionally complete foods, their yields outperform most plant crops, and there is a growing set of tools to develop improved strains of algae. Similar improvements were achieved in traditional crops through thousands of years of breeding and strain selection, whereas with the newest genetic engineering tools and advanced strain selection techniques, similar changes can be implemented in microalgae in just a few years. Here we describe different strategies that could be used to enhance the nutritional content, productivity, and organoleptic traits of algae to help drive development of this new crop. Clearly developing more efficient, sustainable, and nutritious foods and feed would be an enormous benefit for the planet, and algae represents an opportunity to develop a new crop that would complement traditional agriculture, and one that could potential result in a more efficient means to meet the world's food and feed supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Torres-Tiji
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Francis J Fields
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- The California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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7
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Kim HS, Kim M, Park WK, Chang YK. Enhanced Lipid Production of Chlorella sp. HS2 Using Serial Optimization and Heat Shock. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:136-145. [PMID: 31693833 PMCID: PMC9745661 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chlorella sp. HS2, which previously showed excellent performance in phototrophic cultivation and has tolerance for wide ranges of salinity, pH, and temperature, was cultivated heterotrophically. However, this conventional medium has been newly optimized based on a composition analysis using elemental analysis and ICP-OES. In addition, in order to maintain a favorable dissolved oxygen level, stepwise elevation of revolutions per minute was adopted. These optimizations led to 40 and 13% increases in the biomass and lipid productivity, respectively (7.0 and 2.25 g l-1d-1 each). To increase the lipid content even further, 12 h heat shock at 50°C was applied and this enhanced the biomass and lipid productivity up to 4 and 17% respectively (7.3 and 2.64 g l-1d-1, each) relative to the optimized conditions above, and the values were 17 and 14% higher than ordinary lipid-accumulating N-limitation (6.2 and 2.31 g l-1d-1). On this basis, heat shock was successfully adopted in novel Chlorella sp. HS2 cultivation as a lipid inducer for the first time. Considering its fast and cost-effective characteristics, heat shock will enhance the overall microalgal biofuel production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Su Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Biomass R&D Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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8
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Krzemińska I, Oleszek M, Wiącek D. Liquid Anaerobic Digestate as a Source of Nutrients for Lipid and Fatty Acid Accumulation by Auxenochlorella Protothecoides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193582. [PMID: 31590306 PMCID: PMC6803916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the biomass of unicellular algae as a source of valuable metabolites. The main limitations in the commercial application of microbial biomass are associated with the costs of production thereof. Maize silage is one of the main substrates used in biogas plants in Europe. The effects of sterilized agricultural liquid digestate (LD) from methane fermentation of maize silage on the growth rates, macro and micronutrient removal efficiency, lipid content, and fatty acid profile in Auxenochlorella protothecoides were investigated. The results indicate that A. prothecoides can proliferate and accumulate lipids with simultaneous reduction of nutrients in the 1:20 diluted liquid digestate. The rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from the liquid digestate was 79.45% and 78.4%, respectively. Cells growing in diluted liquid digestate exhibited the maximum lipid content, i.e., 44.65%. The fatty acid profile of A. prothecoides shows a decrease in the content of linolenic acid by 20.87% and an increase in oleic acid by 32.16% in the LD, compared with the control. The liquid digestate changed the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The cells of A. protothecoides growing in the liquid digestate were characterized by lower PUFA content and higher MUFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Krzemińska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marta Oleszek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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9
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Cho HU, Park JM. Biodiesel production by various oleaginous microorganisms from organic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 256:502-508. [PMID: 29478783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a biodegradable and renewable fuel. A large amount of research has considered microbial oil production using oleaginous microorganisms, but the commercialization of microbial lipids produced in this way remains uncertain due to the high cost of feedstock or low lipid yield. Microbial lipids can be typically produced by microalgae, yeasts, and bacteria; the lipid yields of these microorganisms can be improved by using sufficient concentrations of organic carbon sources. Therefore, combining low-cost organic compounds contained in organic wastes with cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms can be a promising approach to obtain commercial viability. However, to achieve effective bioconversion of low-cost substrates to microbial lipids, the characteristics of each microorganism and each substrate should be considered simultaneously. This article discusses recent approaches to developing cost-effective microbial lipid production processes that use various oleaginous microorganisms and organic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Uk Cho
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Bioenergy Research Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Bioenergy Research Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chen J, Li J, Zhang X, Tyagi RD, Dong W. Ultra-sonication application in biodiesel production from heterotrophic oleaginous microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:902-917. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1418733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Eau, Terre et Environnement, INRS, Québec, Canada
| | - Ji Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | | | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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11
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Wang SK, Wang X, Tao HH, Sun XS, Tian YT. Heterotrophic culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa using sucrose as the sole carbon source by co-culture with immobilized yeast. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:425-430. [PMID: 29065324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is normally used as the carbon source for heterotrophic cultivation of algal cells, whereas sucrose is difficult to be heterotrophicly utilized by them. In this study, a new co-culture system was developed through mixed culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the dark to effectively obtain pure algal suspension using sucrose as only carbon source. In this system, a pure algal suspension with a concentration of 2.08g/L was obtained. The lipid content reached 29%, which was higher than that obtained in glucose contained system. In addition, the immobilized yeast beads were repeatedly used for at least three times. Through immobilization, the choice for the yeast strains that are able to hydrolyze sucrose was not limited by its product and pure algal suspension was efficiently obtained. This strategy may effectively decrease the cost of carbon source in the heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Hui-Hui Tao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yong-Ting Tian
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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12
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A chemical approach to manipulate the algal growth, lipid content and high-value alpha-linolenic acid for biodiesel production. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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13
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Pirog TP. INTENSIFICATION OF MICROBIAL EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE ETHAPOLAN BIOSYNTHESIS ON MIXTURE OF MOLASSES AND SUNFLOWER OIL. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech10.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Plácido J, Capareda S. Conversion of residues and by-products from the biodiesel industry into value-added products. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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15
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Gupta PL, Choi HJ, Lee SM. Enhanced nutrient removal from municipal wastewater assisted by mixotrophic microalgal cultivation using glycerol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10114-10123. [PMID: 26867689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a present study, nutrient removal from municipal wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata was investigated by using mixotrophic cultivation with glycerol (0 to 5 g/L). Performance parameters were assessed by estimating the removal of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biomass growth, chlorophyll content, lipid yield, and fatty acids. With the addition of 2 g/L glycerol, a maximum biomass productivity of 56 mg/L/day was achieved in the mixotrophic culture of C. vulgaris within 12 days. The mixotrophic culture showed a 30-fold increase in biomass productivity compared to the wastewater without any glycerol. However, the highest total nitrogen removal (80.62 %), total phosphate removal (60.72 %), and COD removal (96.3 %) was observed in the N. oculata culture supplemented with 3, 5, and 1 g/L glycerol, respectively. These results suggest that mixotrophic cultivation using glycerol offers great potential in the production of renewable biomass, waste water treatment, and consequent production of high-value microalgal oil. Graphical Abstract Simultaneous biomass production and nutrient removal using microalgae cultivated in wastewater supplemented with glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha L Gupta
- Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, 210701, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Choi
- Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, 210701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mok Lee
- Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, 210701, South Korea.
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16
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Gülyurt MÖ, Özçimen D, İnan B. Biodiesel Production from Chlorella protothecoides Oil by Microwave-Assisted Transesterification. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E579. [PMID: 27110772 PMCID: PMC4849035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, biodiesel production from microalgal oil by microwave-assisted transesterification was carried out to investigate its efficiency. Transesterification reactions were performed by using Chlorella protothecoides oil as feedstock, methanol, and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. Methanol:oil ratio, reaction time and catalyst:oil ratio were investigated as process parameters affected methyl ester yield. 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 1.5% KOH catalyst/oil ratio and 10 min were optimum values for the highest fatty acid methyl ester yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ömer Gülyurt
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Didem Özçimen
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Benan İnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey.
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17
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Zhang X, Yan S, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Valéro JR. Energy balance of biofuel production from biological conversion of crude glycerol. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 170:169-176. [PMID: 26829450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, has gained significant attention as a carbon source for biofuel production. This study evaluated the energy balance of biodiesel, hydrogen, biogas, and ethanol production from 3.48 million L of crude glycerol (80% w/v). The conversion efficiency (energy output divided by energy invested) was 1.16, 0.22, 0.27, and 0.40 for the production of biodiesel, hydrogen, biogas, and ethanol respectively. It was found that the use of crude glycerol for biodiesel production was an energy gain process, with a positive energy balance and conversion efficiency of greater than 1. The energy balance revealed a net energy gain of 5226 GJ per 1 million kg biodiesel produced. Production of hydrogen, biogas and ethanol from crude glycerol were energy loss processes. Therefore, the conversion of crude glycerol to lipids and subsequently to biodiesel is suggested to be a better option compared to hydrogen, biogas, or ethanol production with respect to energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Song Yan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Rajeshwar D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105 Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA
| | - Jose R Valéro
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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Woodworth BD, Mead RL, Nichols CN, Kolling DRJ. Photosynthetic light reactions increase total lipid accumulation in carbon-supplemented batch cultures of Chlorella vulgaris. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:159-164. [PMID: 25543540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are an attractive biofuel feedstock because of their high lipid to biomass ratios, lipid compositions that are suitable for biodiesel production, and the ability to grow on varied carbon sources. While algae can grow autotrophically, supplying an exogenous carbon source can increase growth rates and allow heterotrophic growth in the absence of light. Time course analyses of dextrose-supplemented Chlorella vulgaris batch cultures demonstrate that light availability directly influences growth rate, chlorophyll production, and total lipid accumulation. Parallel photomixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures grown to stationary phase reached the same amount of biomass, but total lipid content was higher for algae grown in the presence of light (an average of 1.90 mg/mL vs. 0.77 mg/mL over 5 days of stationary phase growth).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L Mead
- Department of Chemistry, Marshall University, United States
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