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Noor RS, Shah AN, Tahir MB, Umair M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Ercisli S, Abdelsalam NR, Ali HM, Yang SH, Ullah S, Assiri MA. Recent Trends and Advances in Additive-Mediated Composting Technology for Agricultural Waste Resources: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8632-8653. [PMID: 38434807 PMCID: PMC10905604 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture waste has increased annually due to the global food demand and intensive animal production. Preventing environmental degradation requires fast and effective agricultural waste treatment. Aerobic digestion or composting uses agricultural wastes to create a stabilized and sterilized organic fertilizer and reduces chemical fertilizer input. Indeed, conventional composting technology requires a large surface area, a long fermentation period, significant malodorous emissions, inferior product quality, and little demand for poor end results. Conventional composting loses a lot of organic nitrogen and carbon. Thus, this comprehensive research examined sustainable and adaptable methods for improving agricultural waste composting efficiency. This review summarizes composting processes and examines how compost additives affect organic solid waste composting and product quality. Our findings indicate that additives have an impact on the composting process by influencing variables including temperature, pH, and moisture. Compost additive amendment could dramatically reduce gas emissions and mineral ion mobility. Composting additives can (1) improve the physicochemical composition of the compost mixture, (2) accelerate organic material disintegration and increase microbial activity, (3) reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions to reduce nitrogen (N) losses, and (4) retain compost nutrients to increase soil nutrient content, maturity, and phytotoxicity. This essay concluded with a brief summary of compost maturity, which is essential before using it as an organic fertilizer. This work will add to agricultural waste composting technology literature. To increase the sustainability of agricultural waste resource utilization, composting strategies must be locally optimized and involve the created amendments in a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shahzad Noor
- Department
of Agriculture, Biological, Environment and Energy Engineering, College
of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Institute
of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of
Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Faculty
of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department
of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed
University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amjed Ali
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department
of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural
Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Ma S, Shen Y, Ding J, Cheng H, Zhou H, Ge M, Wang J, Cheng Q, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Xu P, Zhang P. Effects of biochar and volcanic rock addition on humification and microbial community during aerobic composting of cow manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129973. [PMID: 37931759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Additives are important for accelerating humification during aerobic composting. The impacts of porous additives biochar and volcanic rock on the physicochemical parameters, maturity indicators, microbial communities, and bacterial functional metabolism during the aerobic composting of cow manure were investigated in this study. The results showed that the biochar addition decreased the E4/E6 value by 10.42% and increased the abundance of Geobacillus (1.69 times), and volcanic rock addition decreased the E4/E6 value by 11.31% and increased the abundance of Thermobacillus (1.29 times) and Paenibacillus (1.72 times). The network analysis demonstrated that biochar promoted maturity by reducing the abundance of Pseudomonas and increasing the abundance of genes related to the metabolism of other amino acids, while volcanic rock promoted maturity by reducing the abundance of genes related to nucleotide metabolism. These results provided data and theoretical justification for the selection of porous additives for composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ma
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Mianshen Ge
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Qiongyi Cheng
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Dongli Zhang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Pengxiang Xu
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Fang Y, Wang L, Pan W, Zou B, Qian G, Xu Y. Phosphorus recovery from incinerated sewage sludge ash using electrodialysis coupled with plant extractant enhancement technology. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:57-65. [PMID: 37031513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an integral mineral nutrient for the growth of plants and animals. As the increasing population worldwide, the demand for P resources keeps increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to recover P from secondary resources. Unlike conventional P recovery processes, this work focused on the recovery of P from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) using electrodialysis as the main technology coupled with plant extractants. In this study, Amaranthus and hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) were used as P extractants, investigating the effects of HPMA concentration and pH of the compound agent on the migration of P and heavy metals from ISSA. The results showed that the concentration of HPMA and pH of the compound agent had a significant influence on the mobility of P and heavy metals. Meanwhile, the impacts of eggshell additions and voltage on the recovery efficiency of P was also studied by using waste eggshells as calcium sources. We found that when eggshells were added at 10 g/L and the voltage was 10 V, the recovery efficiency of P reached 96.05%. Moreover, XRD patterns revealed that the mineral phase of recovered P-containing products was predominantly hydroxyapatite, which had good environmental benefits. Generally, the favorable results have been achieved in the recovery efficiency of P and has practical implications for P recovery from ISSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yangfan Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Boyuan Zou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Alarefee HA, Ishak CF, Othman R, Karam DS. Effectiveness of mixing poultry litter compost with rice husk biochar in mitigating ammonia volatilization and carbon dioxide emission. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117051. [PMID: 36549060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-rich materials such as poultry litter (PL) contributes to substantial N and C loss in the form of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) during composting. Biochar can act as a sorbent of ammonia (NH3) and CO2 emission released during co-composting. Thus, co-composting poultry litter with rice husk biochar as a bulking agent is a good technique to mitigate NH3 volatilization and CO2 emission. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composting the mixtures of poultry litter with rice husk biochar at different ratios on NH3 and CO2 emissions. Four mixtures of poultry litter and rice husk biochar at different rate were composted at 0:1, 0.5:1, 1.3:1 and 2.3:1 ratio of rice husk biochar (RHB): poultry litter (PL) on a dry weight basis to achieve a suitable C/N ratio of 15, 20, 25, and 30, respectively. The results show that composting poultry litter with rice husk biochar can accelerate the breakdown of organic matter, thereby shortening the thermophilic phase compared to composting using poultry litter alone. There was a significant reduction in the cumulative NH3 emissions, which accounted for 78.38%, 94.60%, and 97.30%, for each C/N ratio of 20, 25, and 30. The total nitrogen (TN) retained relative was 75.96%, 85.61%, 90.24%, and 87.89% for each C/N ratio of 15, 20, 25, and 30 at the completion of composting. Total carbon dioxide lost was 5.64%, 6.62%, 8.91%, and 14.54%, for each C/N ratio of 15, 20, 21, and 30. In addition, the total carbon (TC) retained were 66.60%, 72.56%, 77.39%, and 85.29% for 15, 20, 25, and 30 C/N ratios and shows significant difference as compared with the initial reading of TC of the compost mixtures. In conclusion, mixing and composting rice husk biochar in poultry litter with C/N ratio of 25 helps in reducing the NH3 volatilization and CO2 emissions, while reducing the overall operational costs of waste disposal by shortening the composting time alongside nitrogen conservation and carbon sequestration. In formulating the compost mixture with rice husk biochar, the contribution of C and N from the biochar can be neglected in the determination of C/N ratio to predict the rate of mineralization in the compost because biochar has characteristic of being quite inert and recalcitrant in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Ahmed Alarefee
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Zawia, Zawia, P.O. Box 16418, Libya
| | - Che Fauziah Ishak
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Radziah Othman
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daljit Singh Karam
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chang H, Zhao Y, Li X, Damgaard A, Christensen TH. Review of inventory data for the biological treatment of sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:66-74. [PMID: 36442328 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological treatment of municipal sewage sludge, including anaerobic digestion and composting, was reviewed with the purpose of establishing inventory data to address all the inputs and outputs related to sludge treatment. We identified 193 scientific papers, resulting in 64 datasets on anaerobic digestion and 35 datasets on composting. For anaerobic digestion, biogas production varied significantly (up to a factor of four) depending on the sludge. A useful correlation was identified between the amount of methane produced and the degradation of volatile solids. According to statistical tests, no significant differences were found in biogas production for mesophilic and thermophilic digesters. In addition, methane content varied significantly, and very few data were available for digestate composition or for energy consumption and recovery. For composting, accurate estimates relating to the degradation of sewage sludge could not be made, since organic bulking materials were part of the final composted product. Data on emissions to air are currently scarce, which points to the need for more published information. The inventory data evaluated herein are useful in the feasibility assessment of the biological treatment of sewage sludge, for comparing technologies, for example in LCA studies and as a basis for evaluating the performance of a specific biological sludge treatment plant. However, a great deal of the reviewed data originated from laboratory and pilot-scale studies, and so there is a need for more complete datasets on the performance of full-scale technologies, in order to establish full inventories and identify differences in technologies and operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Anders Damgaard
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Thomas H Christensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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6
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Assessing Physiochemical Characteristics of Agricultural Waste and Ready Compost at Wadi Al-Far'a Watershed of Palestine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:6147506. [PMID: 36755786 PMCID: PMC9902146 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6147506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Wadi Al-Far'a Watershed (WFW) is one of the most important agricultural lands in Palestine where considerable amounts of organic wastes are generated. Yet, mismanagement of agricultural waste, including random disposal and/or burning, is a prevalent practice in the WFW. Such a practice might result in greenhouse gas emissions and leachate penetration into underlying soil and groundwater. To encourage compost production in the WFW as an efficient way for organic agricultural waste treatment and emission reduction, this study aims at evaluating the quality of both raw organic agricultural waste and ready compost, locally produced or imported. The evaluation considers the physiochemical characteristics as well as the heavy metal contents. The analysis of 17 samples of raw organic agricultural waste showed a good potential for compost production due to the high content of organic matter and other nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The analysis of 15 ready compost samples, however, showed that compost quality is relatively low due to the high electrical conductivity and low moisture content measurements as well as the high levels of sodium, chloride, and potassium. Furthermore, heavy metal contents of both raw organic agricultural waste and ready compost samples are less than the limits specified by the Palestinian and international standards. Therefore, local farmers can safely use raw organic agricultural waste generated in the WFW for compost production. Composting will not only enhance soil reclamation and crop production but also protect human health and the environment and promote sustainable economic development.
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7
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Minimizing Foaming and Bulking in Activated Sludge with Bacteriophage Treatment: A Review of Mathematical Modeling. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in the ability of phages to control bacterial populations has extended from medical applications into the fields of agriculture, aquaculture, and the food industry. In particular, several authors have proposed using bacteriophages as an alternative method to control foaming and bulking in wastewater treatment. This strategy has shown successful results at the laboratory scale. However, this technology is still in development, and there are several challenges to overcome before bacteriophages can be widely used to control foaming and bulking in pilot or larger-scale treatment plants. Several models of the infection mechanisms in individual bacteria–phage pairs have been reported, i.e., for controlled systems with only one bacterium species in the presence of one phage species. However, activated sludge treatment systems largely differ from this situation, which opens a large horizon for future research. Mathematical models will play a key role in this development process, and this review offers an overview of the proposed models: their applications, potential, and challenges. A particular focus is placed on the model properties, such as parameter identifiability and states’ observability, which are essential for process prediction, monitoring, or dynamic optimization.
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Hoang SA, Bolan N, Madhubashani AMP, Vithanage M, Perera V, Wijesekara H, Wang H, Srivastava P, Kirkham MB, Mickan BS, Rinklebe J, Siddique KHM. Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118564. [PMID: 34838711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers; therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential; however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son A Hoang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Division of Urban Infrastructural Engineering, Mientrung University of Civil Engineering, Phu Yen, 56000, Viet Nam
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - A M P Madhubashani
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vishma Perera
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Prashant Srivastava
- CSIRO, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bede S Mickan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Soil Engineering, Waste- and Water Science, Faculty of Architecture und Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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Rimkus A, Gudrā D, Dubova L, Fridmanis D, Alsiņa I, Muter O. Stimulation of sewage sludge treatment by carbon sources and bioaugmentation with a sludge-derived microbial consortium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146989. [PMID: 33865123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, sewage sludge (SS) disposal has become one of the greatest global challenges. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of faba bean straw (Straw-B), wheat straw (Straw-W), and wood-chip pellets (WCP) amended to SS, as well as bioaugmentation (BA), on the physicochemical characteristics and structure of the microbial community of the treated SS. Sixteen days of incubation of SS-containing mixtures revealed the highest efficiency of Straw-W(BA) in terms of SS stabilisation, i.e., the highest and most stable respiration intensity, the lowest ammonia emission, and the highest stimulation effect on the cress seedling growth. Shotgun sequencing data analysis showed that Proteobacteria dominated in the raw SS with 60.17% reads, which consisted of 16.40%, 29.18%, and 12.33% of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, respectively. All treated samples were characterised by an increased abundance of Firmicutes (32.70-53.84%). A remarkable increase in virus abundance (0.34% reads) was detected in the treated SS, which was incubated without C amendment and bioaugmentation. The addition of C sources to the SS changed some physicochemical characteristics of the mixture. All of these findings provide novel insights toward a mechanistic understanding of the fate of the human sewage microbiome in wastewater and other environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alīna Rimkus
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Dita Gudrā
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Laila Dubova
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela 2, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Dāvids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1 Ratsupites Str., Riga LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ina Alsiņa
- Institute of Soil and Plant Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela 2, Jelgava LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Olga Muter
- Institute of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
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10
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Li Y, Song J, Liu T, Lv J, Jiang J. Influence of reusable polypropylene packing on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions during sewage sludge composting-a lab-scale investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40653-40664. [PMID: 32827119 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bulking agents are particularly important for sewage sludge composting. In this study, reusable polypropylene packing (RPP) was mixed with sawdust to improve composting. The effect of the mix ratio of sawdust and RPP on the physicochemical characteristics, nitrogen transformation, and emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as differences in the germination index values was detected in a lab-scale composting experiment. The results showed that the unique use of RPP as a bulking agent increased the moisture content over 70%, which resulted in poorer porosity and a less efficient O2 utilization environment and thus suppressed the degradation of organic matter. The highest CH4 9275.8 mg and lowest CO2 202.6 g emissions were detected after 25 days of composting in the treatment with RPP used as a bulking agent. When the mixing ratio of sawdust and RPP was 1:1, the temperature, oxygen supply, and dissolved organic carbon degradation were improved. The NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions were reduced by 32.2, 18.3, and 90.7% compared with a treatment with RPP as a unique bulking agent. The RPP had no effect on conserving nitrogen during sludge composting; the total nitrogen loss was reduced from 29.3 to 18.2% when sawdust was mixed with RPP in a ratio of 1:1. Therefore, mixing RPP and sawdust in the dry weight ratio of 1:1 (sawdust: RPP) can be potentially used for reducing composting cost and improving the sewage sludge composting by reducing the amount of sawdust mixed and mitigating GHG and NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Junli Song
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jinghua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jishao Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, China.
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11
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Meng L, Li W, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang X. Insights into influences of sucrose amendment on nitrification and denitrification in sewage sludge composting. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130245. [PMID: 34088102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose amendment could promote ammonia assimilation and reduce nitrogen loss in sewage sludge (SS) composting, but the effects of sucrose amendment on nitrification and denitrification are still unknown that were firstly researched in present paper. Result showed that sucrose amendment reduced 33.0% of N2O emission by changing the physicochemical indexes, nitrogen forms, related bacteria and functional genes. In the sucrose treatment, the higher nitrifying bacteria community, amoA and nxrA genes abundance were, the lower hao, narG、nirS、nirK and norB genes abundance were. Based on the correlation analysis, the number of nitrifying bacteria was significantly positively correlated with NO3- and nxrA abundance, indicating that sucrose amendment promoted the growth of nitrifying bacteria, the contents of NO3- and the activity of nitrite oxidation. Moreover, contents of NO2- were positively correlated with N2O emission, narG, nirS and norB abundance, indicating that denitrification was the main path of N2O generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020, Harbin, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Enviroment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090, Harbin, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020, Harbin, China
| | - Xiancheng Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010, Harbin, China
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12
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Improving sewage sludge compost process and quality by carbon sources addition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1319. [PMID: 33446686 PMCID: PMC7809052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In present study, the effects of carbon sources on compost process and quality were evaluated in the lab-scale sewage sludge (SS) composting. The composting experiments were performed for 32 days in 5 L reactors. The results showed that carbon sources could change the nitrogen conversion and improve the compost quality. Especially, the readily degradable carbon source could promote organic matter degradation, improve nitrogen conversion process and accelerate compost maturation. The addition of glucose and sucrose could increase dissolved organic carbon, CO2 emission, dehydrogenase activity, nitrification and germination index during the SS composting. That's because glucose and sucrose could be quickly used by microbes as energy and carbon source substance to increase activity of microbes and ammonia assimilation. What's more, the NH3 emission was reduced by 26.9% and 32.1% in glucose and sucrose treatments, respectively. Therefore, the addition of readily degradable carbon source could reduce NH3 emission and improve compost maturity in the SS composting.
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13
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Zhao Y, Li W, Chen L, Meng L, Zheng Z. Effect of enriched thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria inoculation on reducing nitrogen loss during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123461. [PMID: 32417656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the study, enriched thermotolerant nitrifying bacteria (TNB) was acquired from compost samples by domesticated cultivation under high temperature, and was inoculated into sewage sludge composting. The effect of inoculation on physical-chemical parameters, nitrogen loss and bacterial population involved in nitrogen transformation were determined. The results revealed that inoculation with enriched TNB improved the compost quality in terms of temperature, pH, organic matter degradation, C/N ratio and germination index. Compared to the control treatment, inoculation also decreased 29.7% of ammonia emission and reduced nitrogen loss by converting more NH4+-N into NO3--N in composting. In addition, inoculation increased the population of nitrifying bacteria and was not capable of inhibiting the growth of indigenous ammonifying bacteria as well. The results suggested that inoculation with enriched TNB was a feasible way to reduce nitrogen loss and promote maturity in sewage sludge composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Zejia Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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14
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Liu Y, Ding L, Wang B, He Q, Wan D. Using the modified pine wood as a novel recyclable bulking agent for sewage sludge composting: Effect on nitrogen conversion and microbial community structures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123357. [PMID: 32305845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a recoverable sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide-modified pinewood (MOP) as a bulking agent during sewage sludge and sawdust composting (MOPC), with a control experiment using unpretreated pinewood (UNP; UNPC) as the bulking agent. Results show that addition of MOP effectively promoted the degradation of organic matter during composting. The maximum temperature increased by 1.50 °C and the high temperature period (T > 50 °C) of composting was extended 4 days longer than the control experiment. Furthermore, MOP addition reduced the loss of nitrogen by 9.40%. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the UNPC and MOPC treatments were significantly different. Pseudoxanthomonas was the dominant bacteria during the thermophilic and cooling phases of the MOPC treatment. In addition, the recycling efficiency of the UNP and MOP was 99.18% and 99.37%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan Combined Pollution Control Research Academician Workstation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Leibo Ding
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qiaochong He
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dongjin Wan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Henan Combined Pollution Control Research Academician Workstation, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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15
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Wang X, Chen T, Zheng G. Perlite as the partial substitute for organic bulking agent during sewage sludge composting. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1517-1529. [PMID: 31214844 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an efficient and cost-effective technology for sewage sludge treatment, and bulking agents are essential in sewage sludge composting. In this study, perlite was chosen as inorganic bulking agent to partially substitute for the organic bulking agent. Variations in the temperature, bulk density, moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were detected during sewage sludge composting. The treatment with a mass ratio of spent mushroom substrate to perlite at 3:1 exhibited the highest pile temperature and the best effect on reducing bulk density and moisture content. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that perlite promotes the degradation of organic matter during the composting process, and the germination index showed that the compost from all treatments was safe for agricultural application. When the mass ratios of spent mushroom substrate and perlite at 3:1 and 2:2 were chosen as bulking agents, the sewage sludge compost product could be used to produce plant cultivation substrate, and economic benefits could be obtained from sewage sludge composting according to comprehensive cost analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankai Wang
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbin Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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16
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Hu J, Yang Z, Huang Z, Li H, Wu Z, Zhang X, Qin X, Li C, Ruan M, Zhou K, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Huang J. Co-composting of sewage sludge and Phragmites australis using different insulating strategies. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 108:1-12. [PMID: 32334329 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insulating strategies are indispensable for laboratory-scale composting reactors, however, current insulation methods interfere with the aerobic fermentation behaviors related to composting. To address this issue, a centre-oriented real-time temperature compensation strategy was designed in this study. Five 9 L reactors (R1-R5) with different insulation strategies were used for the co-composting of dewatered sludge and Phragmites australis and compared. The process performance was assessed by monitoring the temperature, O2 and CO2 emissions, the physical-chemical properties of the composting materials were evaluated by measuring the organic matter (OM), carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra. And a 16S rDNA analysis was used to quantify the evolution of bacterial community. The main findings are as follows. Compared with R1 as a control, the insulating strategies can increase the maximum temperature and prolong the thermophilic phase of composting. Comparing R1 and R3 showed that real-time temperature compensation can better restore the real fermentation of the compost. The results showed that R5 had the best composting effect, reaching 69.8 °C, which was 25.1%, 29.7%, 19.3%, and 17.3% higher than R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, and remaining in the thermophilic phase for 4.24 d, which is 1.4, 1.5, 1.3, and 0.2 times longer than R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively. Furthermore, it can significantly reduce the temperature difference between the centre and edge of the reactor, which improved the composting material allocation efficiency and composting process control accuracy, further providing a basis for the actual full-scale composting operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhongliang Huang
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Changzhu Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410076, PR China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410076, PR China
| | - Xikai Wu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410076, PR China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yinping Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China.
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17
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Chen Z, Wu Y, Wen Q, Ni H, Chai C. Effects of multiple antibiotics on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during swine manure composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7289-7298. [PMID: 31884542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used in intensive farming, leading to multiple antibiotic residue in livestock waste. However, the effects of multiple antibiotics on the emissions of greenhouse gas and ammonia remain indistinct. This paper selects sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin to represent two different types of antibiotics to explore their effects on gaseous emissions. Four treatments including CK (control), SMZ (spiked with 5 mg kg-1 DW sulfamethoxazole), NOR (spiked with 5 mg kg-1 DW norfloxacin), and SN (spiked with 5 mg kg-1 DW sulfamethoxazole and 5 mg kg-1 DW norfloxacin) were composted for 65 days. Coexistence of sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin facilitated the biodegradation of organic carbon, and significantly (p < 0.05) increased the cumulative CO2 emission by 31.9%. The cumulative CH4 emissions were decreased by 6.19%, 23.7%, and 27.6% for SMZ, NOR, and SN, respectively. The total NH3 volatilization in SMZ and NOR rose to 1020 and 1190 mg kg-1 DW, respectively. The individual existence of sulfamethoxazole significantly (p < 0.05) ascended the N2O emission rate in the first 7 days due to the increase of NO2--N content. In addition, coexistence of sulfamethoxazole and norfloxacin notably dropped the total greenhouse gas emission (subtracting CO2) by 15.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hongwei Ni
- Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunrong Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, Heilongjiang, China
- Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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18
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Dastpak H, Pasalari H, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Farzadkia M. Improvement of Co-Composting by a combined pretreatment Ozonation/Ultrasonic process in stabilization of raw activated sludge. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1070. [PMID: 31974478 PMCID: PMC6978453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of composting technology to stabilize sludge pretreated by ozonation and ultrasonic was tested for 35 days. Secondary sludge produced by biological process are characterized with endogenous residue and inert solid matter which inhibit fully degrade bacterial cell walls. The composting process was performed with sludge pretreated with ozonatian and ultrasonics and green waste in a ratio of 2:1. The composting characteristics was evaluated for different physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in five different reactors. A high degree of composting quality was achieved with respect to significant reduction in volatile solids (VS) (32%), total organic carbon (TOC) (35.0%), C/N ratio (23.74), total coliform (TC) (168) along with the substantial increase in availability of nutrients like N (1.2%) and P (8.77%). High removal efficiency of TC and Fecal Coliform (FC) were observed in composting results, where simultaneous ultrasonic and ozonation were considered as primary-stabilization process. Therefore, applying integrated ultrasonic/ozonation with composting system for sludge stabilization is potentially useful technology in sustainable land restoration practices to meet standards and produce soil conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Dastpak
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hasan Pasalari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mitra Gholami
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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19
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Li YB, Jin PF, Liu TT, Lv JH, Jiang JS. A novel method for sewage sludge composting using bamboo charcoal as a separating material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33870-33881. [PMID: 29951758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional composting processes must be conducted with a bulking agent to ensure adequate air space for aeration. The bulking agent and composting materials are always completely mixed. A novel layered structure was introduced in sewage sludge composting, in which no bulking agent was used and bamboo charcoal was used as a separating material. Three lab-scale composting reactors (A: sawdust and sludge; B: bamboo charcoal and sludge; and C: sawdust, bamboo charcoal, and sludge) were continuously operated for 29 days. Several physicochemical parameters were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of layered composting with bamboo charcoal. The results indicated that the maximum temperatures during the thermophilic stage in treatments A, B, and C were 51.4, 50.9, and 51 °C, respectively. Layered composting with bamboo charcoal decreased the pH of the thermophilic stage from 8.98 in A to 8.75 in C, and delayed the peaks by about 120 h. The degradation rates of dissolve organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) were 75 and 71.5% in treatment B, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of control group A (60 and 59.1%, respectively). The total NH3 emissions of treatment C (2127.8 mg) were significantly lower than those of A (2522.8 mg). Our results suggested that layered composting using bamboo charcoal as a separating material could be an alternative strategy to the traditional composting method. Moreover, layered composting combined with sawdust could effectively reduce NH3 emissions and N loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng-Fei Jin
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Lv
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Shao Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Akyol Ç, Ince O, Ince B. Crop-based composting of lignocellulosic digestates: Focus on bacterial and fungal diversity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121549. [PMID: 31152953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, organic matter degradation and microbial diversity were assessed during the composting of lignocellulose-rich digestates. Digestates were collected based on each crop type during anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and barley, triticale, wheat and rye. Bacterial and fungal diversity in digestate composting systems were determined by 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, respectively. Crop-based composting of anaerobic digestates showed similar process trends in terms of pH, temperature, moisture content (MC) and C:N ratio. The properties of final compost products were in accordance with the national legislations regarding soil applications, except MC, which were therefore air-dried before being amended to soil. Most abundant bacterial genera were represented by Luteimonas, Bacillus, Ochrobactrum and Thermobifida. Meanwhile, Thermomyces, Aspergillus, Galactomyces and Neurospora were detected as the predominant fungal genera in all compost samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Akyol
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Oarga-Mulec A, Hanssen JF, Jenssen PD, Bulc TG. A comparison of various bulking materials as a supporting matrix in composting blackwater solids from vacuum toilets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 243:78-87. [PMID: 31082754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses the influence of six bulking materials (peat, bark, oat husks, sawdust, food waste, and wheat bran) on the composting of blackwater solids (feces, urine and toilet paper) from low flush vacuum toilets (0.8 L/flush). The focus was on faecal indicator reduction, nutrient recycling, and carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In a composting experiment lasting 60 days, bulking materials were combined and mixed with blackwater solids, composted without stirring and with controlled aeration in a bench scale experiment. The bulking materials combination of oat husks, wheat bran and bark and of oat husks and wheat bran composted with blackwater solids showed the best results in terms of faecal indicator reduction (2.8 log10 reduction of Escherichia coli and 3.2 log10 reduction of faecal streptococci, respectively). Oat husks, bark and wheat bran combination had the smallest nutrient losses of 7.5% total nitrogen, 3.8% total phosphorus and 28% total potassium, while the highest accumulation in total phosphorus was 76.4% occurred in the mixture with oat husks and wheat bran. Peat and food waste improved the sorption of ammonia. The highest methane emissions (average 15.4%) were detected after 28 days of composting in the mixture with bran and food waste. Methane and carbon dioxide levels decreased in all the mixtures towards the end of composting indicating high organic matter degradation. Our findings show that a variety of natural and inexpensive materials can be used and adapted when composing blackwater in remote and sensitive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Oarga-Mulec
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimiceva ulica 12, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
| | - Jon Fredrik Hanssen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Petter D Jenssen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 28, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Al-Madbouh S, Al-Khatib IA, Al-Sari MI, Salahat JI, Jararaa BYA, Ribbe L. Socioeconomic, agricultural, and individual factors influencing farmers' perceptions and willingness of compost production and use: an evidence from Wadi al-Far'a Watershed-Palestine. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:209. [PMID: 30847582 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Palestine, open dumping and/or burning the waste, including agricultural waste, are prevalent practices resulting in emitting leachate and acidifying greenhouse gases. Composting the agricultural waste can reduce emissions and provide 'compost' as an organic fertilizer and soil amendment; yet, it has not been implemented at the national level. To develop a local marketing strategy for compost, this study views a need to identify farmers' perceptions and willingness of compost production and use in agriculture and examine various socioeconomic, agricultural, and individual factors shaping them. The case of Wadi al-Far'a watershed (WFW) is investigated, where farmers practice inappropriate waste disposal and overuse of agrochemicals. A semi-structured questionnaire is administered to 409 farmers through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression are used for data analysis. High acceptance level (84%) is disclosed among farmers in WFW for the hypothetical idea of producing and using compost. Farmers also have high, yet lower, willingness level (63.6%) of the more salient option of producing compost themselves and using it in agriculture. Tenure systems, large cultivated areas, rainfed irrigation, and lack of access to training sessions inhibit farmers' acceptance of the idea of compost production (overall p value = 0.000). Large cultivated areas and rainfed irrigation is also associated with farmers' unwillingness to produce compost, besides high household monthly income, animal or mixed animal-plant farming, experience in compost production, and use of pesticides (overall p value = 0.000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Al-Madbouh
- Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences, BetzdorferStraße 2, 50679, Köln, Germany.
| | - Issam A Al-Khatib
- Institute of Environmental and Water Studies (IEWS), Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Majed I Al-Sari
- The Joint Services Council for Solid Waste Management for Hebron and Bethlehem Governorates (JSC-H&B), Al-Menya, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Jumana I Salahat
- College of Engineering and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Yafa Street, Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Baraa Y A Jararaa
- Water and Environmental Engineer, Asira Ash-Shamaliah, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Lars Ribbe
- Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences, BetzdorferStraße 2, 50679, Köln, Germany
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Chang R, Li Y, Chen Q, Guo Q, Jia J. Comparing the effects of three in situ methods on nitrogen loss control, temperature dynamics and maturity during composting of agricultural wastes with a stage of temperatures over 70 °C. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 230:119-127. [PMID: 30278275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of three in situ methods for controlling nitrogen loss and maturity with different mechanisms: struvite-based addition (K2HPO4 and MgO, MP), woody peat addition (WP) and intermittent aeration (IA), during composting of vegetable waste (cucumber vine) with temperature over 70 °C to inactivate potential viral pathogens. The experiment was conducted in a 200 L pilot-scale composting system, with which temperature and ammonia emission were recorded in real time, and solid samples were collected and analyzed during the process. The results indicated that the methods of MP and IA reduced the total nitrogen loss by 27.5% and 16.1%, respectively, without inhibitory effects on the temperature, nutrient availability and maturity. The WP method significantly decreased the nitrogen loss but could not maintain the thermophilic stage over 70 °C, because of its influence on the material physio-chemical characteristics caused by woody peat addition. In conclusion, all three methods could promote the maturity process, and 20 days should be adequate for vegetable waste composting with a good nutrient availability. Considering the two factors of reducing nitrogen loss and achieving high temperatures together, we recommended the struvite-based controlling method with the mechanism of chemisorption to reduce nitrogen loss during vegetable waste composting that requires temperatures over 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Chang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Guo
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Jia
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing, China
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Han Z, Sun D, Wang H, Li R, Bao Z, Qi F. Effects of ambient temperature and aeration frequency on emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases from a sewage sludge aerobic composting plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:457-466. [PMID: 30245315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed emissions characteristics of NH3 and greenhouse gases (i.e. N2O, CH4, and CO2) from a municipal sewage sludge aerobic composting plant. Samples were collected during different seasons in which ambient temperatures and aeration frequencies varied. Results revealed (1) the maximum gas emissions occurred during the mesophilic phase for N2O (22%-56%) and CH4 (65%-95%), and in the thermophilic phase for NH3 (84%-86%) and CO2 (65%-74%); (2) raising ambient temperatures promoted emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases, while improved aeration frequency increased NH3 but decreased greenhouse gas emissions; (3) CO2 and N2O were found to be the key greenhouse gases emitted during aerobic composting according to assessment of the CO2 equivalent. The results obtained from this study suggest that adjusting ambient temperature to -3 to 5 °C and aeration frequency in composting workshops can be useful approaches for the reduction of NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions from municipal sewage sludge composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Jiang J, Kang K, Wang C, Sun X, Dang S, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yan G, Li Y. Evaluation of total greenhouse gas emissions during sewage sludge composting by the different dicyandiamide added forms: Mixing, surface broadcasting, and their combination. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 81:94-103. [PMID: 30527048 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare the impact of different adding forms of dicyandiamide (DCD) on NH3 and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during sewage sludge (SS) composting. Four treatments were set up using SS mixed with sawdust, to which DCD was then added by mixing (M), surface broadcasting (B), and a combination of the two (M+B). The treatment without DCD applied was used as the control. The results indicate that the addition of DCD slightly inhibited the organic matter (OM) degradation, but that it had no significant effect on CO2 emission. The surface mulching of DCD has no significant effect on NH3, N2O, and CH4 emissions. The mixing addition of DCD significantly increased the NH3 emission by 32.5% compared to that of the control. The N2O emission for the M and M+B treatments significantly decreased by 35.1% and 51.8%, respectively. The CH4 emission for the M and M+B treatments decreased by 33.9% and 31.8%, respectively. In addition, the total GHG emissions for the M and M+B treatments were significantly reduced by 16.7-25.7% (P < 0.05) compared to those of the control. Therefore, to reduce the total GHG emissions of the SS composting process, the addition of DCD by a combination of mixing and surface mulching is strongly recommended as a highly efficient solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishao Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Kang Kang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenjing Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xingju Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Sen Dang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Nian Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yunbei Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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26
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Şevik F, Tosun İ, Ekinci K. The effect of FAS and C/N ratios on co-composting of sewage sludge, dairy manure and tomato stalks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:450-456. [PMID: 30082199 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of C/N ratio and free air space in co-composting of sewage sludge with tomato stalk and dairy manure. Experiments were carried out in 100 L of stainless steel aerobic compost reactors with full automation system and monitored for 32 days. The temperature was controlled according to the Rutgers strategy. During the composting process, moisture content, organic matter content, pH, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, total phosphorus, potassium, NH4+-N, NO3--N and heavy metals contents were determined. For evaluation of the stabilization process, organic matter, dry matter, ammonia and mass and volume losses and temperature index values were taken into consideration. The temperature pattern in the mixtures with dairy manure increased rapidly and reached higher levels depending on dairy manure ratio. The highest organic matter loss was 57.87%, which was in the mixture with a C/N ratio of 20 and a free air space ratio of 37%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Şevik
- Suleyman Demirel University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - İsmail Tosun
- Suleyman Demirel University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Kamil Ekinci
- Suleyman Demirel University, Department of Agricultural and Technologies Engineering, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
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27
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Wang K, Wu Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Ren N. Insight into effects of electro-dewatering pretreatment on nitrous oxide emission involved in related functional genes in sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 265:25-32. [PMID: 29864734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electro-dewatering (ED) pretreatment could improve sludge dewatering performance and remove heavy metal, but the effect of ED pretreatment on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and related functional genes in sludge composting process is still unknown, which was firstly investigated in this study. The results revealed that ED pretreatment changed the physicochemical characteristics of sludge and impacted N2O related functional genes, resulting in the reduction of cumulative N2O emission by 77.04% during 60 days composting. The higher pH and NH4+-N, but lower moisture, ORP and NO2--N emerged in the composting of ED sludge compared to mechanical dewatering (MD) sludge. Furthermore, ED pretreatment reduced amoA, hao, narG, nirK and nosZ in ED sludge on Day-10 and Day-60 of composting. It was found that nirK reduction was the major factor impacting N2O generation in the initial composting of ED sludge, and the decline of amoA restricted N2O production in the curing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Yiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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28
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Li Q, Lu X, Guo H, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhi S, Zhang K. Sewage sludge drying method combining pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering with subsequent bio-drying. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:94-102. [PMID: 29730523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pressurized electro-osmotic dewatering (PEOD) as a pretreatment process, instead of the conventional practice of adding bulking agents, for sewage sludge bio-drying was proposed. Initially, various parameters were optimized for obtaining dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), treated by an efficient, quick, and energy-saving PEOD process. The results show that the moisture content (MC) of sewage sludge could decrease from 83.41% to 60.0% within 7.5 min in the optimum conditions of the PEOD process. Subsequently, two DSS bio-drying tests were carried out to investigate the effects of inoculation. The highest temperature (68.1 °C) was obtained for T2 (inoculation), which was 3.6 °C higher than that for T1 (non- inoculation). The MC accumulative removal rate for T1 (41.49%) was slightly less than that for T2 (44.60%). Lastly, the volatile solid degradation dynamics model parameters were measured. The degradation rate constants (k) for T1 and T2 were 0.00501 and 0.00498, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Haigang Guo
- Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Zengjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Yingte Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
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29
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The Evaluation of Hazards to Man and the Environment during the Composting of Sewage Sludge. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10082618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Composting is considered an effective treatment option to eliminate or substantially reduce potential hazards relating to the recycling of sewage sludge (SS) on land. The variation of four major types of hazards (heavy metals, instability, pathogenic potential and antibiotic resistance) was studied during laboratory-scale composting of two mixtures of sludge and green waste (1:1 and 1:2 v/v). The heavy metal content of the final compost was governed by the initial contamination of SS, with the bulking agent ratio having practically no effect. The composts would meet the heavy metal standards of the United States of America (USA) and the European Union member states, but would fail the most stringent of them. A higher ratio of bulking agent led to a higher stabilisation rate, nitrogen retention and final degree of stability. A good level of sanitisation was achieved for both mixtures, despite the relatively low temperatures attained in the laboratory system. The antibiotic resistance was limited among the E. coli strains examined, but its occurrence was more frequent among the Enterococcus spp. strains. The type of antibiotics against which resistance was mainly detected indicates that this might not be acquired, thus, not posing a serious epidemiological risk through the land application of the SS derived composts.
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30
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Meng L, Zhang S, Gong H, Zhang X, Wu C, Li W. Improving sewage sludge composting by addition of spent mushroom substrate and sucrose. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:197-203. [PMID: 29348062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and sucrose (S) amendment on emissions of nitrogenous gas (mainly NH3 and N2O) and end products quality of sewage sludge (SS) composting were evaluated. Five treatments were composted for 20 days in laboratory-scale using SS with different dosages of SMS and S, without additive amended treatment used as control. The results indicated that SMS amendments especially combination with S promoted dehydrogenase activity, CO2 production, organic matter degradation and humification in the composting, and maturity indices of composting also showed that the 30%SMS+2%S treatment could be much more appropriate to improve the composting process, such as total Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrification index, humic acids/fulvic acids ratio and germination index, while the emissions of NH3 and N2O were reduced by 34.1% and 86.2%, respectively. These results shown that the moderate addition of SMS and S could improve the compost maturity and reduce nitrogenous gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Meng
- School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Hainan Gong
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Xiancheng Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
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31
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Zhang D, Luo W, Li Y, Wang G, Li G. Performance of co-composting sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste at different proportions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:853-859. [PMID: 30001593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the co-composting performance of sewage sludge (SS) and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) at different proportions was investigated. Cornstalk was added at 15% (of total wet weight) to improve the co-composting process. Results show that higher SS proportion could rapidly initialize the co-composting process; while increasing OFMSW percentage enhanced organic content for biodegradation, thus prolonging the thermophilic period and increasing the humification degree during co-composting. However, excessive OFMSW required longer co-composting period to ensure a desirable compost maturity and quality. Over 15days of rapid co-composting, adding 55-85% OFMSW aggravated compost quality by increasing the compost salinity (3.5-4.6mScm-1) and plant toxicity (indicated by the low germination index of 54.1-77.3%). Moreover, different proportions of SS and OFMSW varied gaseous emissions during co-composting. Our results suggested that OFMSW should be less than 55% for rapid co-composting with SS and cornstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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32
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Zhang L, Sun X. Using cow dung and spent coffee grounds to enhance the two-stage co-composting of green waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:152-161. [PMID: 28892685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cow dung (CD) (at 0%, 20%, and 35%) and/or spent coffee grounds (SCGs) (at 0%, 30%, and 45%) as amendments in the two-stage co-composting of green waste (GW); the percentages refer to grams of amendment per 100g of GW based on dry weights. The combined addition of CD and SCGs improved the conditions during co-composting and the quality of the compost product in terms of composting temperature; particle-size distribution; mechanical properties; nitrogen changes; low-molecular weight compounds; humic substances; the degradation of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; enzyme activities; the contents of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium; and the toxicity to germinating seeds. The combined addition of 20% CD and 45% SCGs to GW resulted in the production of the highest quality compost product and did so in only 21days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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33
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Lyu W, Huang L, Xiao G, Chen Y. Effects of carbon sources and COD/N ratio on N 2O emissions in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:171-181. [PMID: 28892687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A set of constructed wetlands under two different carbon sources, namely, glucose (CW) and sodium acetate (YW), was established at a laboratory scale with influent COD/N ratios of 20:1, 10:1, 7:1, 4:1, and 0 to analyze the influence of carbon supply on nitrous oxide emissions. Results showed that the glucose systems generated higher N2O emissions than those of the sodium acetate systems. The higher amount of N2O-releasing fluxes in the CWs than in the YWs was consistent with the higher NO2--N accumulation in the former than in the latter. Moreover, electron competition was tighter in the CWs and contributed to the incomplete denitrification with poor N2O production performance. Illumina MiSeq sequencing demonstrated that some denitrifying bacteria, such as Denitratisoma, Bacillus, and Zoogloea, were higher in the YWs than in the CWs. This result indicated that the carbon source is important in controlling N2O emissions in microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| | - Guangquan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, PR China
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Zhang L, Sun X. Addition of fish pond sediment and rock phosphate enhances the composting of green waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:116-126. [PMID: 28260662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the two-stage composting of green waste (GW) as affected by addition of fish pond sediment (FPS; at 0, 25, and 35%) and/or rock phosphate (RP; at 0, 10, and 15%). The combined addition of FPS and RP greatly accelerated GW degradation and improved compost quality in terms of composting temperature, windrow volume, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), NH3 emission, microbial biomass, enzyme activities, nutrient content, and seed germination. The two-stage composting was optimal with the combined addition of 25% FPS and 15% RP. In addition to producing the highest quality compost product, the optimal combination resulted a mature compost in only 22days rather than in the 90-270days required with traditional composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Meng L, Li W, Zhang S, Wu C, Lv L. Feasibility of co-composting of sewage sludge, spent mushroom substrate and wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:39-45. [PMID: 27992795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the lab-scale co-composting of sewage sludge (SS) with mushroom substrate (SMS) and wheat straw (WS) conducted for 20days was evaluated. The addition of SMS evidently increased CO2 production and dehydrogenase activity. The combined addition of SMS and WS significantly improved the compost quality in terms of temperature, organic matter degradation and germination index, especially, reduced 21.9% of NH3 emission. That's because SMS and WS possessed the complementarity of free air space and contained plenty of degradable carbon source. The SMS could create a comfortable environment for the nitrifying bacteria and improve nitrification. The carbohydrates from combined addition of SMS and WS could be utilized by thermophilic microorganisms, stimulate ammonia assimilation and reduce NH3 emission. These results suggested that adding SMS and WS could not only improve the degradation of organic matter and the quality of compost product, but also stimulate ammonia assimilation and reduce ammonia emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Meng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Enviroment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Longyi Lv
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
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Yuan J, Chadwick D, Zhang D, Li G, Chen S, Luo W, Du L, He S, Peng S. Effects of aeration rate on maturity and gaseous emissions during sewage sludge composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:403-10. [PMID: 27425860 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of aeration rate (AR) on maturity and gaseous emissions during sewage sludge composting, sewage sludge and corn stalks as the bulking agent were co-composted at different ARs (0.1, 0.2, 0.3L·kg(-1) dry matter (DM)·min(-1)). The thermophilic phase for the low and moderate AR treatments was able meet sanitation requirements, but too short to meet sanitation requirements in the high AR treatment. The high AR treatment was significantly different from the other treatments, and had the lowest electrical conductivity and highest E4/E6(absorbance ratio of wavelength 465 and 665nm). The AR influences the nitrogen variations; high AR compost had the highest NH4(+)-N content and lowest NOx(-)-N content. The AR was the main factor influencing compost stability, but the AR had little impact on pH and the germination index. The moderate AR treatment had the highest NH3 emissions during composting, while the low AR treatment had the highest CH4 and N2O emissions. Based on our comprehensive investigation, the recommended AR for sludge composting is 0.2L·kg(-1) DM·min(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shili Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Longlong Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengzhou He
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Meng L, Li W, Zhang S, Wu C, Wang K. Effects of sucrose amendment on ammonia assimilation during sewage sludge composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 210:160-166. [PMID: 26852272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the laboratory-scale composting of sewage sludge and pumice mixtures that were amended with sucrose. The variation in temperature, pH, NH4(+)-N, ammonia emission, bacterial community, ammonia assimilating bacteria (AAB) populations and enzymatic activity related to ammonia assimilation were detected. The addition of sucrose increased the AAB population by 2.5-3.5 times, reduced ammonia emission by 24.7-31.1% compared with the control treatment, and promoted the growth of Bacillus and Wautersiella. The activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamate synthase (GS) and glutamine synthetase (GOGAT), were enhanced by the addition of sucrose. GDH made a substantial contribution to ammonia assimilation when the ammonia concentration was high (⩾1.5g/kg) in the thermophilic phase. The GS/GOGAT cycle played an important role at low ammonia concentrations (⩽1.1g/kg) in the cooling phase. These results suggested that adding sucrose to sludge compost could promote ammonia assimilation and reduce ammonia emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Meng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China; Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150010 Harbin, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, 150020 Harbin, China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
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