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Saha S, Maji S, Ghosh SK, Maiti MK. Engineered Chlorella vulgaris improves bioethanol production and promises prebiotic application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:271. [PMID: 39030369 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass for biofuel production, integration into functional food, and feed supplementation has generated substantial interest worldwide due to its high growth rate, non-competitiveness for agronomic land, ease of cultivation in containments, and presence of several bioactive molecules. In this study, genetic engineering tools were employed to develop transgenic lines of freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris with a higher starch content, by up-regulating ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in starch biosynthesis. Expression of the Escherichia coli glgC (AGPase homolog) gene in C. vulgaris led to an increase in total carbohydrate content up to 45.1% (dry cell weight, DCW) in the transgenic line as compared to 34.2% (DCW) in the untransformed control. The starch content improved up to 16% (DCW) in the transgenic alga compared to 10% (DCW) in the control. However, the content of total lipid, carotenoid, and chlorophyll decreased differentially in the transgenic lines. The carbohydrate-rich biomass from the transgenic algal line was used to produce bioethanol via yeast fermentation, which resulted in a higher ethanol yield of 82.82 mg/L as compared to 54.41 mg/L from the untransformed control. The in vitro digestibility of the transgenic algal starch revealed a resistant starch content of up to 7% of total starch. Faster growth of four probiotic bacterial species along with a lowering of the pH of the growth medium indicated transgenic alga to exert a positive prebiotic effect. Taken together, the study documents the utilization of genetically engineered C. vulgaris with enriched carbohydrates as bioethanol feedstock and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Saha
- Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sachin Maji
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Mrinal K Maiti
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Isanta-Navarro J, Peoples LM, Bras B, Church MJ, Elser JJ. Elemental and macromolecular plasticity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta) in response to resource limitation and growth rate. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:418-431. [PMID: 38196398 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
With the ongoing differential disruption of the biogeochemical cycles of major elements that are essential for all life (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), organisms are increasingly faced with a heterogenous supply of these elements in nature. Given that photosynthetic primary producers form the base of aquatic food webs, impacts of changed elemental supply on these organisms are particularly important. One way that phytoplankton cope with the differential availability of nutrients is through physiological changes, resulting in plasticity in macromolecular and elemental biomass composition. Here, we assessed how the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii adjusts its macromolecular (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and elemental (C, N, and P) biomass pools in response to changes in growth rate and the modification of resources (nutrients and light). We observed that Chlamydomonas exhibits considerable plasticity in elemental composition (e.g., molar ratios ranging from 124 to 971 for C:P, 4.5 to 25.9 for C:N, and 15.1 to 61.2 for N:P) under all tested conditions, pointing to the adaptive potential of Chlamydomonas in a changing environment. Exposure to low light modified the elemental and macromolecular composition of cells differently than limitation by nutrients. These observed differences, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels, included smaller cells, shifts in C:N and C:P ratios (due to proportionally greater N and P contents), and differential allocation of C among macromolecular pools (proportionally more lipids than carbohydrates) with different energetic value. However, substantial pools of N and P remained unaccounted for, especially at fast growth, indicating accumulation of N and P in forms we did not measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Isanta-Navarro
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Logan M Peoples
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Benedicta Bras
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - Matthew J Church
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
| | - James J Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, Montana, USA
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3
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Li S, Xing D, Sun C, Jin C, Zhao Y, Gao M, Guo L. Effect of light intensity and photoperiod on high-value production and nutrient removal performance with bacterial-algal coupling system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120595. [PMID: 38520851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Direct discharge of mariculture wastewater can lead to eutrophication, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems. A novel Bacteria-Algae Coupled Reactor (BACR) offers advantages in treating mariculture wastewater, which can effectively remove pollutants while simultaneously obtaining microalgal products. However, there is limited information available on how illumination affects the cultivation of mixotrophic microalgae in this bacteria-algae coupling system. Therefore, a combined strategy of photoperiod and light intensity regulation was employed to improve the biological mariculture wastewater remediation, promote microalgae biomass accumulation, and increase the high-value product yield in this study. Optimal light conditions could effectively enhance microalgal carbohydrate, protein, lipid accumulation and photosynthetic activity, with the carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents reached 44.11, 428.57 and 399.68 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, excellent removal rates were achieved for SCOD, NH4+-N and TP, reaching 86.68%, 87.35% and 95.13% respectively. This study proposes a comprehension of BACR processes in mariculture wastewater under different light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), Qingdao, 266100, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Du Z, Wu P, Zhang L. Optimization of stage conversion time and modification of cell metabolism to enhance lipid production of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa in two-stage cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130409. [PMID: 38295959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, the time of maximum biomass concentration in stage I is the widely adopted stage conversion time in two-stage microalgae culture. This study challenges this conventional approach, demonstrating that the optimal stage conversion time in stage I is 72 h rather than 120 h for achieving maximum biomass concentration. A comparison of cell characteristics revealed that algal cells at 72 h exhibited better growth potential, leading to a higher biomass concentration after transfer to stage II and, consequently, increased lipid productivity. Moreover, the use of phosphorus repletion (5-fold) in stage II directed carbon flux toward biomass growth and lipid accumulation, thereby enhancing lipid productivity. By optimizing the stage conversion time and implementing phosphorus repletion, the mean lipid productivity of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa cultured under autotrophy-nitrogen starvation and autotrophy-high light conditions increased by 31 % and 60 %, respectively. This study underscores the importance of reevaluating the currently widely used stage conversion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zengzhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Penghui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Salman JM, Majrashi N, Hassan FM, Al-Sabri A, Abdul-Adel Jabar E, Ameen F. Cultivation of blue green algae (Arthrospira platensis Gomont, 1892) in wastewater for biodiesel production. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139107. [PMID: 37270039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of biodiesel has become an important issue in the effort to reduce gas emissions due to the climate change crisis; therefore, algae have widely used to produce biodiesel for energy sustainability. The present study represented an effort to assess the ability of the alga Arthrospira platensis to produce fatty acids involved in biofuel (diesel) by cultivation in Zarrouk media enriched with different municipal wastewater concentrations. Wastewater was used in different concentrations (5, 15, 25, 35 and 100% [control]). Five fatty acids from the alga were determined and included in the present study. These were inoleic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Impact of different cultivation conditions were studied in terms of observed changes in growth rate, doubling time, total carbohydrate, total protein, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, and phycobiliproteins. Results showed an increase in the values of growth rate, total protein content, chlorophyll a, and levels of carotenoids at all treatments except for carbohydrate content, which decreased with an increasing concentration of wastewater. The high value of doubling time (11.605 days) was recorded at treatment 5%. Fatty acids yields were increased at treatment 5% and 15%. The highest concentrations of fatty acids were 3.108 mg/g for oleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid (28.401 mg/g), docosahexaenoic acid (41.707 mg/g), palmitic acid (1.305 mg/g), and linoleic acid (0.296 mg/g). Moreover, the range of phycocyanin (0.017-0.084 mg/l), allophycocyanin (0.023-0.095 mg/l), and phycobiliproteins (0.041-0.180 mg/l) were obtained in treatment with 15-100%, respectively. Cultivation with municipal wastewater reduced the values of nitrate, phosphate, and electrical conductivity as well as increased dissolved oxygen. Maximum electrical conductivity was recorded in untreated wastewater with algae, while the highest level of dissolved oxygen was noted at 35% concentration. The use of the household wastewater is more environmentally friendly as an alternative of the traditional cultivation techniques used for long-term for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najwa Majrashi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fikrat M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Woman, University of Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Al-Sabri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Guo L, Wu Q, Lai YS, Eustance E, Rittmann BE. Revealing the role of phosphorus supply on the phosphorus distribution and lipid production in Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX 393 during nitrogen starvation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159811. [PMID: 36349625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal-based processes offer promise for addressing two sustainability challenges: recovering phosphorus (P) from wastewater and producing biofuel feedstock. This study investigated the role of phosphorus supply on microalgal growth, lipid yield, and P distribution for Scenedesmus during nitrogen starvation. Extracellular polymeric substances and intracellular polymeric substances were the most important pools for inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organic phosphorus (OP), respectively. The main P pool for microalgae with low phosphorus supply was EPS, which accounted for 57 % of the total biomass phosphorus; while under high P concentrations, 79 % of the phosphorus was stored in IPS. A high concentration of orthophosphate stimulated rapid P uptake as IP and promoted the transformation of IP to OP associating with biomass synthesis. The highest P content of microalgal biomass was 6.5 % of dry weight when the phosphorus concentration in medium was 113 mg/L, and the OP content was 4.9 % of dry weight. High phosphate-P enhanced the biomass's lipid content by 60 %, and the distribution of fatty acid methyl esters was not altered by P concentrations. Collectively, high phosphate-P availability could promote microalgal biomass synthesis, lipid production and P accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Qirui Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - YenJung Sean Lai
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, USA
| | - Everett Eustance
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, USA
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, USA
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7
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Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Devi ND, Mukherjee C, Bhatt G, Rangan L, Goud VV. Co-cultivation of microalgae-cyanobacterium under various nitrogen and phosphorus regimes to concurrently improve biomass, lipid accumulation and easy harvesting. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Xing Y, Guo L, Wang Y, Jin C, Gao M, Zhao Y, She Z. Roles of illumination on distribution of phosphorus in Chlorella vulgaris under mixotrophic cultivation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134904. [PMID: 35561784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a non-substitutable resource and global reserves of phosphate rock are limited. In this study, phosphorus recovery by Chlorella vulgaris, and the effects of different light intensities (2000 Lux, 5000 Lux, 8000 Lux, 12,000 Lux) on the phosphorus distribution in the soluble microbial product (SMP), extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and intracellular polymeric substance (IPS) were analyzed. The results showed that the 5000 Lux was the optimum light intensity for P uptake and transformation by Chlorella vulgaris under mixotrophic cultivation. At the light intensity of 5000 Lux, the P uptake rate was 100% after 32 days of cultivation, and the concentration of intracellular organic phosphorus (OP) was 5.77 mg P/L. Moreover, EPS was the main P pool when inorganic phosphorus (IP) was depleted in bulk solution. Phosphorus recovery by microalgae is an important solution to treat P-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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Liu XY, Hong Y, Zhai QY, Zhao GP, Zhang HK, Wang Q. Performance and mechanism of Chlorella in swine wastewater treatment: Roles of nitrogen-phosphorus ratio adjustment and indigenous bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127402. [PMID: 35667534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of adjusting the nitrogen-phosphorus (N/P) ratio of wastewater and indigenous bacteria on swine wastewater treatment by Chlorella sp. HL were investigated. The optimal N/P ratio of Chlorella in swine wastewater was 20 by adjusting the phosphorus concentration. The participation of indigenous bacteria increased total extracellular polymeric substances content, which was beneficial to maintain the stability of the algal-bacterial consortium, and improved the algal density and the removal rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand by 47.8%, 24.0%, 30.7%, and 326.7%, respectively. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum with the relative abundance of 71.58% in the algal-bacterial system at optimal N/P ratio, and Brevundimonas, Chryseobacterium, and Pseudomonas played positive roles in the establishment of symbiotic systems at the genus level. These results provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an efficient algal-bacterial symbiotic system in swine wastewater treatment and support for commercial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Hong
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing-Yu Zhai
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guang-Pu Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Evaluation of Microalgal Bacterial Dynamics in Pig-Farming Biogas Digestate under Impacts of Light Intensity and Nutrient Using Physicochemical Parameters. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the dynamics between microalgae and bacteria in pig farming biogas digestate is vital for a consistent and reliable application towards sustainable wastewater treatment and biofuel production. This study assesses the reliability of using physicochemical parameters as indicators for the rapid evaluation of microalgal bacterial dynamics in real digestate under impacts of light, nutrient loads, and N:P ratios. The relationship between variation profiles of nutrients, biomass and physicochemical properties in each experiment was analyzed. High light and high nutrient load enhanced biomass growth and nutrient removal rate. Ammonium addition (high N:P ratio) elevated NH3 level which inhibited the growth of microalgae, subsequently reducing the biomass growth and nutrient removal. Low N:P ratio triggered the accumulation of phosphorus and the growth of chlorophyll-a but exerted little influence on treatment. Variation profiles of dissolved oxygen, nutrient and biomass were highly consistent in every experiment allowing us to identify the shift from microalgal to bacterial predomination under unfavorable conditions including low light intensity and high N:P ratio. Strong linear correlation was also found between total nitrogen removal and electrical conductivity (R2 = 0.9754). The results show the great potential of rapid evaluation of microalgal bacterial dynamics for large scale system optimization and modelling.
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12
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Silber A, Goldberg T, Shapira O, Hochberg U. Nitrogen uptake and macronutrients distribution in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Keitt) trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 181:23-32. [PMID: 35428015 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of N fertigation regime on nutrient uptake and distribution in leaves and fruit of mango cv. Keitt grown in a lysimeter for four years. We applied three treatments: N1 - no N fertilization (less than 2 mg/L in the tap water); N2 - 10 mg/L N; and N3 - 20 mg/L N. Deficient N conditions (N1) resulted in low vegetation and fruit yield, high fruit:leaf ratio, high photosynthetic activity, high leaf P and K concentrations, as well as high sugar content and low acidity in the fruit. Excess N concentration (N3) enhanced vegetative growth and reduced fruit yield and gas exchange. The calculated annual nitrogen uptake heavily depended on the nitrogen supply, being highest for the N2 treatment (196 g/tree) as compared with the N1 (25 g/tree) or N3 (185 g/tree) treatments. Fruits were a major N sink being 82% (in N1), 26% (in N2), and 5% (in N3) of the total annual N supplied. The N accumulation rate in the fruit of the N1 and N2 treatment were above the N quantities supplied via fertigation, suggesting that N reserve in the vegetative tissues supplied the fruit's high N demand. These findings highlight the link between mango's N requirements and fruit yield, as well as the risks of excessive N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silber
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - T Goldberg
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, M.P. Upper Galilee, 1221000, Israel; Fruit Storage Research Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat-Shmona, 1101600, Israel
| | - O Shapira
- Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - U Hochberg
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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Carnovale G, Lama C, Torres S, Rosa F, Mantecón L, Horn SJ, Skjånes K, Infante C. Metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and degradation of starch in Tetraselmis chui during nitrogen deprivation and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127222. [PMID: 35477101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetraselmis chui is known to accumulate starch when subjected to stress. This phenomenon is widely studied for the purpose of industrial production and process development. Yet, knowledge about the metabolic pathways involved is still immature. Hence, in this study, transcription of 27 starch-related genes was monitored under nitrogen deprivation and resupply in 25 L tubular photobioreactors. T. chui proved to be an efficient starch producer under nitrogen deprivation, accumulating starch up to 56% of relative biomass content. The prolonged absence of nitrogen led to an overall down-regulation of the tested genes, in most instances maintained even after nitrogen replenishment when starch was actively degraded. These gene expression patterns suggest post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a key role in T. chui under nutrient stress. Finally, the high productivity combined with an efficient recovery after nitrogen restitution makes this species a suitable candidate for industrial production of high-starch biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Carnovale
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Carmen Lama
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Filipa Rosa
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Lalia Mantecón
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kari Skjånes
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, PO 115, NO-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Carlos Infante
- Fitoplancton Marino, S.L., Dársena comercial s/n (Muelle pesquero), 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
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14
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He L, Chen Y, Chen S, Wu X, Liu J. Effects of Chlorella vulgaris on phosphorus release from ferric phosphate sediment by consecutive cultivations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211391. [PMID: 35316948 PMCID: PMC8889175 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron phosphate (Fe-P) is a main phosphorus storage form, especially in phosphorus-polluted environments. The re-release of Fe-P is a problematic result during microalgal remediation. In this study, pre-incubated Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in a BG-11 culture medium with different amounts of Fe-P. The effects of Fe-P re-release on biomass, flocculation and removal of PO4 3- were investigated. The results indicated that C. vulgaris can promote the dissolution and release of Fe-P when the pH is 7, and the amount of Fe-P (ΔQ) released in 200 ml water reaches 0.055-0.45 mg d-1 under a C. vulgaris concentration of 5.6 × 105-8 × 105 cells ml-1. The growth of C. vulgaris was inhibited because of the flocculation behaviour of Fe3 + in the release stage, which is associated with a specific growth rate of 0.3-0.4 d-1 and a phosphorus removal rate below 30%. However, this process, in the long term, indicates a favourable transformation in which Fe-P becomes bioavailable under the action of C. vulgaris. Microalgae outbreaks may be triggered by persistent interactions between Fe-P and C. vulgaris. This study provides an important reference for the application of C. vulgaris in a Fe-P-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lile He
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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15
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Rao Q, Su H, Ruan L, Xia W, Deng X, Wang L, Xu P, Shen H, Chen J, Xie P. Phosphorus enrichment affects trait network topologies and the growth of submerged macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118331. [PMID: 34637833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significant differences in the morphological and physiological characteristics of submerged macrophytes have been studied following nutrient addition, but little research has investigated the changes in plant trait network topology structures and trait interactions at the whole-plant perspective along nutrient gradients. Plant trait interactions and coordination strongly determine ecosystem structure and functioning. Thirty plant traits were collected from a three-month experiment to construct plant trait networks to clarify the variations in trait connections and network organization arising from five total phosphorus (TP) addition concentrations in water, including a control (CK), 0.1 (TP1), 0.2 (TP2), 0.4 (TP3), and 0.8 (TP4) mg L-1. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed a clear difference in the distribution of plant trait space among the different TP treatments. Distinct network structures showed that water TP-deficiency and TP-repletion changed the plant trait network into loose assemblages of more modules, which was related to low plant carbohydrate levels. Most plant functions involving biomass accumulation and carbohydrate synthesis were reduced under high TP conditions compared to moderate TP enrichment. Moreover, the percentage of significant relationships between plant functions and corresponding network modules was lower in the CK and TP4 treatments. These results suggested that low plant carbohydrates in high TP environments induced by high water chlorophyll a and tissue phosphorus could not support rapid resource transport among organs and thus inefficiently performed plant functions. Plant carbohydrates were a vital variable that impacted the network edge density, trait interactions, and plant growth. In summary, we demonstrated that high water TP enrichment reduces plant trait network connectedness and plant functional potentials, which may be correlated with reducing tissue carbohydrates. This study explores the correlations between plant trait network topology and functions to improve our understanding of physiological and ecological rules regulating trait interactions among organs and plant growth under eutrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Rao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haojie Su
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Linwei Ruan
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wulai Xia
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lantian Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengke Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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16
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Depth optimization of inclined thin layer photobioreactor for efficient microalgae cultivation in high turbidity digestate. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Biologia Futura: potential of different forms of microalgae for soil improvement. Biol Futur 2021; 73:1-8. [PMID: 34735698 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from microalgae have great potential in diverse field. As a part of the enhancing agriculture application, various forms of microalgae applications have been developed so far. They are known to influence soil properties. The various forms of application may enhance soil in more or less similar manner. They can help improve soil health, nitrogen, and phosphorus content, and even carbon sequestration. Thus, overall, it can enhance fertility of the soil.
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18
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Wu Q, Guo L, Li X, Wang Y. Effect of phosphorus concentration and light/dark condition on phosphorus uptake and distribution with microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125745. [PMID: 34426241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of P concentration and light/dark condition on the distribution of P in microalgae were tracked with Scenedesmus sp.393. Results showed that different culture conditions affected the accumulation capacity and transformation of P in intracellular polymeric substances (IPS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soluble microbial products (SMP). At low P concentration (0.70 mg P/L), inorganic phosphorus (IP) absorbed in EPS (19.40%) and organic phosphorus (OP) accumulated in IPS (70.98%) were mainly P forms in microalgae. High P concentration (>21.42 mg P/L) promoted the luxury uptake and accumulation of IP by IPS, and the conversion of IP to OP. However, the adsorption of IP by EPS was inhibited when exposed to high external P concentration. Continuous illumination promoted the microalgae growth, and dark condition stimulated the P accumulation in microalgae biomass. The results of this study could provide valuable information for P recovery with microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xunzhou Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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19
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Iasimone F, Seira J, Panico A, De Felice V, Pirozzi F, Steyer JP. Insights into bioflocculation of filamentous cyanobacteria, microalgae and their mixture for a low-cost biomass harvesting system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111359. [PMID: 34022232 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and microalgae are considered as interesting feedstocks for either the production of high value bio-based compounds and biofuels or wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, the high costs of production, mainly due to the harvesting process, hamper a wide commercialization of industrial cyanobacteria and microalgae based products. Recent studies have found in autoflocculation and bioflocculation promising spontaneous processes for a low-cost and environmentally sustainable cyanobacteria and microalgae biomass harvesting process. In the present work, bioflocculation process has been studied for three different inocula: filamentous cyanobacteria, microalgae and their mixture. Their cultivation has been conducted in batch mode using two different cultivation media: synthetic aqueous solution and urban wastewater. The removal of nutrients and flocculation process performance were monitored during the entire cultivation time. Results have proved that bioflocculation and sedimentation processes occur efficiently for filamentous cyanobacteria cultivated in synthetic aqueous solution, whereas such processes are less efficient in urban wastewater due to the specific characteristics of this medium that prevent bioflocculation to occur. Besides different efficiencies associated to cultivation media, this work highlighted that bioflocculation of sole microalgae is not as effective as when they are cultivated together with filamentous cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Iasimone
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, (IS), Italy
| | - Jordan Seira
- INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100, Narbonne, France
| | - Antonio Panico
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, Aversa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo De Felice
- Bioscience and Territory Department, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
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20
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Influence of Nutrient-Stress Conditions on Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production and Lipid Content. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biomass and its cellular components are used as substrates for the production of fuels. A valuable group among the components of microalgal biomass is lipids, which act as a precursor for the production of biodiesel in the transesterification process. Some methods, including the creation of stressful conditions, are applied to increase the accumulation of lipids. This study aimed to determine the effect of limited nutrient access on the growth and development of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the amount of lipids stored in its cells. Aquaculture wastewater (AWW) was used in the study as a source of nutrients at doses of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The amount of microalgal biomass, optical density, lipid content after extraction of the biomass in Soxhlet apparatus and chlorophyll a content were determined. It was observed that the microalgae efficiently used the nutrients contained in the AWW. The largest amount of biomass was obtained in AWW80 (727 ± 19.64 mg·L−1). The OD680 (0.492 ± 0.00) determined under the same conditions was almost five times higher in AWW than in the synthetic medium. Under nutrient-stress conditions, the content of lipids in biomass ranged from 5.75% (AWW80) to 11.81% (AWW20). The highest content of chlorophyll a in microalgal cells was obtained in AWW20 (206 ± 11.33 mg∙m−3).
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21
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Biomass and Lipid Productivity by Two Algal Strains of Chlorella sorokiniana Grown in Hydrolysate of Water Hyacinth. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14051411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysate prepared from the chemical hydrolysis of water hyacinth biomass contains a high amount of solubilised carbohydrate and nutrients. This hydrolysate was utilised as a medium for the cultivation of two strains of Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using two different media, i.e., BG-11 and Knop’s medium. Different light intensities, light–dark cycles, and various concentrations of external carbon sources (monosaccharides and inorganic carbon) were used to optimise the microalgal growth. For the accumulation of lipids and carbohydrates, the microalgal strains were transferred to nutrient amended medium (N-amended and P-amended). It was observed that the combined effect of glucose, inorganic carbon, and a 12:12 h light–dark cycle proved to be the optimum parameters for high biomass productivity (~200 mg/L/day). For Chlorella sorokiniana 1 (isolated from BG-11 medium), the maximum carbohydrate content (22%) was found in P-amended medium (N = 0 mg/L, P: 3 mg/L), whereas, high lipid content (17.3%) was recorded in N-amended medium (N = 5 mg/L, P = 0 mg/L). However, for Chlorella sorokiniana 2 (isolated from the Knop’s medium), both lipid (17%) and carbohydrate accumulation (12.3%) were found to be maximum in the N-amended medium. Chlorella sorokiniana 2 showed a high saturated lipid accumulation compared to other strains. Kinetic modelling of the lipid profile revealed that the production rate of fatty acids and their various constituents were species dependent under identical conditions.
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22
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Nayak M, Suh WI, Cho JM, Kim HS, Lee B, Chang YK. Strategic implementation of phosphorus repletion strategy in continuous two-stage cultivation of Chlorella sp. HS2: Evaluation for biofuel applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:111041. [PMID: 32778320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid production in microalgae under nitrogen (N) starved condition can be enhanced by excess phosphorus (P) supply in the second stage of two-stage cultivation strategy. However, implementing two-stage cultivation is difficult in large-scale cultivation system as it requires high energy of transferring large algal biomass from first stage to second stage. To address this problem, we have optimized a continuous two-stage (CTS) cultivation strategy using Chlorella sp. HS2, where nitrogen in the growth environment is depleted naturally via consumption. To enhance both biomass and lipid productivity this strategy explored supplementation of additional P from 50% to 2500% of the initial concentration at the start of N-limited second stage of growth. The results of the optimization study in photobioreactor (PBR) showed that supplementing 500% of initial P and 100% of initial other nutrients (O) (N0-P500-O100) on 5th day showed the maximum biomass productivity of 774.4 mg L-1 d-1. It was observed that Chlorella sp. HS2 grown in PBR yielded higher biomass (3.8 times), lipid (6.1 times) and carbohydrate (5.5 times) productivity in comparison to the open raceway ponds (ORP) study, under optimum nutrient and carbon supply condition. The maximum lipid (289.6 mg L-1 d-1) and carbohydrate (219.2 mg L-1 d-1) productivities were obtained in TPBR-3, which were 1.9 and 1.3 times higher than that of TPBR-2 (+ve control) and 9.6 and 3.7 times higher than that of TPBR-1 (-ve control), respectively. Fatty acid mainly composed of C16/C18 (84.5%-85.7%), which makes the microalgal oil suitable for biofuel production. This study concluded that feeding excess amount of P is an effective and scalable strategy to improve the biomass and lipid productivity of CTS cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Nayak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - William I Suh
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Muk Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbial and Nano Materials, College of Science and Technology, Mokwon University, 88 Doanbuk-ro, Seo-Gu, Daejeon, 35349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Chu Q, Xue L, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Feng Y, Yu S, Meng L, Pan G, Hou P, Duan J, Yang L. Microalgae-derived hydrochar application on rice paddy soil: Higher rice yield but increased gaseous nitrogen loss. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137127. [PMID: 32084683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization represents a promising technique for transforming microalgae into the hydrochar with abundant phytoavailable nutrients. However, the effects of microalgae-derived hydrochars on the gaseous nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural field are still unclear. Chlorella vulgaris powder (CVP) and two Chlorella vulgaris-derived hydrochars that employ water (CVHW) or citrate acid solution (CVHCA) as the reaction medium were applied to a soil column system grown with rice. The temporal variations of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and ammonia (NH3) volatilization were monitored during the whole rice-growing season. Results showed that CVHW and CVHCA addition significantly increased the grain yield (by 13.5-26.8% and 10.5-23.4%) compared with control and CVP group, while concomitantly increasing the ammonia volatilization (by 53.8% and 72.9%) as well as N2O emissions (by 2.17- and 2.82-fold) from paddy soil compared to control. The microbial functional genes (AOA, AOB, nirk, nirS, nosZ) in soil indicated that CVHW and CVHCA treatment stimulated the nitrification and denitrification, and inhibited the N2O oxidation in soil. Notably, CVHW was recommended in the view of improving yield and controlling NH3 volatilization because no significant difference of the yield-scale NH3 volatilization was detected between control and CVHW treatment. This study for the first time uncovered that Chlorella vulgaris-derived hydrochars have positive effects on rice N utilization and growth but negative effects on the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Centre of Integrative Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Lihong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Yueqin Cheng
- Nanjing Station of Quality Protection in Cultivated Land, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center of IoT Agriculture Applications/Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Shan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Centre of Integrative Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Pengfu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Linzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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24
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Nagarajan D, Lee DJ, Chen CY, Chang JS. Resource recovery from wastewaters using microalgae-based approaches: A circular bioeconomy perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122817. [PMID: 32007309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The basic concepts of circular bioeconomy are reduce, reuse and recycle. Recovery of recyclable nutrients from secondary sources could play a key role in meeting the increased demands of the growing population. Wastewaters of different origin are rich in energy and nutrients sources that can be recovered and reused in a circular bioeconomy perspective. Microalgae can effectively utilize wastewater nutrients for growth and biomass production. Integration of wastewater treatment and microalgal cultivation improves the environmental impacts of the currently used wastewater treatment methods. This review provides comprehensive information on the potential of using microalgae for the recovery of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients from wastewaters. Major factors influencing large scale microalgal wastewater treatment are discussed and future research perspectives are proposed to foster the future development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillirani Nagarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Mao X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Liu J. Novel insights into salinity-induced lipogenesis and carotenogenesis in the oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: a multi-omics study. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:73. [PMID: 32322303 PMCID: PMC7161124 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromochloris zofingiensis, a freshwater alga capable of synthesizing both triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, has been receiving increasing attention as a leading candidate producer. While the mechanism of oleaginousness and/or carotenogenesis has been studied under such induction conditions as nitrogen deprivation, high light and glucose feeding, it remains to be elucidated in response to salt stress, a condition critical for reducing freshwater footprint during algal production processes. RESULTS Firstly, the effect of salt concentrations on growth, lipids and carotenoids was examined for C. zofingiensis, and 0.2 M NaCl demonstrated to be the optimal salt concentration for maximizing both TAG and astaxanthin production. Then, the time-resolved lipid and carotenoid profiles and comparative transcriptomes and metabolomes were generated in response to the optimized salt concentration for congruent analysis. A global response was triggered in C. zofingiensis allowing acclimation to salt stress, including photosynthesis impairment, ROS build-up, protein turnover, starch degradation, and TAG and astaxanthin accumulation. The lipid metabolism involved a set of stimulated biological pathways that contributed to carbon precursors, energy and reductant molecules, pushing and pulling power, and storage sink for TAG accumulation. On the other hand, salt stress suppressed lutein biosynthesis, stimulated astaxanthin biosynthesis (mainly via ketolation), yet had little effect on total carotenoid flux, leading to astaxanthin accumulation at the expense of lutein. Astaxanthin was predominantly esterified and accumulated in a well-coordinated manner with TAG, pointing to the presence of common regulators and potential communication for the two compounds. Furthermore, the comparison between salt stress and nitrogen deprivation conditions revealed distinctions in TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis as well as critical genes with engineering potential. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics data and integrated analysis shed light on the salt acclimation of C. zofingiensis and underlying mechanisms of TAG and astaxanthin biosynthesis, provide engineering implications into future trait improvements, and will benefit the development of this alga for production uses under saline environment, thus reducing the footprint of freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Mao
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology & Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Ran W, Wang H, Liu Y, Qi M, Xiang Q, Yao C, Zhang Y, Lan X. Storage of starch and lipids in microalgae: Biosynthesis and manipulation by nutrients. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121894. [PMID: 31387839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae accumulate starch and lipid as storage metabolites under nutrient depletion, which can be used as sustainable feedstock for biorefinery. Omics analysis coupled with enzymatic and genetic verifications uncovered a partial picture of pathways and important enzymes or regulators related to starch and lipid biosynthesis as well as the carbon partitioning between them under nutrient depletion conditions. Depletion of macronutrients (N, P, and S) resulted in considerable enhancement of starch and/or lipid content in microalgae, but the accompanying declined photosynthesis hampered the achievements of high concentrations. This review summarized the current knowledge on the pathways and the committed steps as well as their carbon allocation involved in starch and lipid biosynthesis, and focused on the manipulation of different nutrients and the alleviation of oxidative stress for enhanced storage metabolites production. The biological and engineering approaches to cope with the conflict between biomass production and storage metabolites accumulation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Information Management Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Man Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xianqiu Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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Fu L, Li Q, Yan G, Zhou D, Crittenden JC. Hormesis effects of phosphorus on the viability of Chlorella regularis cells under nitrogen limitation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:121. [PMID: 31110562 PMCID: PMC6513516 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) is an essential element of microalgae, which is either required for anabolism or for energy metabolism. When employing a nitrogen limitation strategy to trigger microalgal intracellular lipid accumulation, P supplementation was always simultaneously applied to compensate for the accompanied growth inhibition. RESULTS This study identified that P exerts hormesis effects on microalgae. Slight excess of P (≤ 45 mg L-1) under nitrogen limitation condition stimulated the cell growth of Chlorella regularis and achieved a 10.2% biomass production increase. This also improved mitochondrial activity by 25.0% compared to control (P = 5.4 mg L-1). The lipid productivity reached 354.38 mg (L d)-1, which increased by 39.3% compared to control. Such an improvement was caused by the intracellularly stored polyphosphate energy pool. However, large excess of P (250 mg L-1) inhibited the cell growth by 38.8% and mitochondrial activity decreased by 71.3%. C. regularis cells showed obvious poisoning status, such as enlarged size, plasmolysis, deformation of cell walls, and disorganization of organelles. This is probably because the over-accumulated P protonated the amide-N and disrupted membrane permeability. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the roles of P in microalgae lipid production: P does not always play a positive role under nitrogen limitation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Yan
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117 People’s Republic of China
| | - John C. Crittenden
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117 People’s Republic of China
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, and School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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28
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Nayak M, Suh WI, Chang YK, Lee B. Exploration of two-stage cultivation strategies using nitrogen starvation to maximize the lipid productivity in Chlorella sp. HS2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:110-118. [PMID: 30616209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the two-stage cultivation of Chlorella sp. HS2 for enhancing the lipid productivity was optimized by adjusting the duration of nitrogen-replete (N+) and -deplete (N-) stages within a 9 day period using urea as nitrogen source. The highest lipid content of 36.7% and productivity of 216.9 mg L-1 d-1 were obtained under five days of N+ followed by four days of N- conditions. Replenishing phosphorus and other nutrients (N-P+O+) at the beginning of the nutrient-starvation resulted in 1.55 and 1.68-folds improvement in lipid productivities compared to the single stage and zero nutrient controls (N-P-O-), respectively. The estimated biodiesel properties based on the fatty acid profiles met all criteria of international standards. The findings of this study indicate that properly adjusting the period of nitrogen availability as well as the presence of other nutrients is highly important in order to maximize the biofuel productivity in two-stage microalgal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Nayak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - William I Suh
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Advanced Biomass R&D Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Zhu S, Qin L, Feng P, Shang C, Wang Z, Yuan Z. Treatment of low C/N ratio wastewater and biomass production using co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge in a batch photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:313-320. [PMID: 30529478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the performance of pollutants removal and biomass production by co-culture of Chlorella vulgaris and activated sludge in a batch photobioreactor (PBR), compared with their single system to treat a low C/N ratio (COD/N = 4.3) wastewater. The co-culture system surpassed activated sludge system in terms of nutrients removal and outperformed microalgae alone system in regard to COD removal. Biomass productivity of the co-culture system was 343.3 mg L-1 d-1, and the harvested biomass could be developed as biofuels, animal feeds or soil conditioners due to the improved calorific value and cellular composition compared with activated sludge. The low C/N ratio wastewater enabled bacteria to maintain a relatively low level, hence in favor of microalgae enrichment and nutrient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunni Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Pingzhong Feng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Changhua Shang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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30
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Li Q, Fu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Rittmann BE. Excessive phosphorus caused inhibition and cell damage during heterotrophic growth of Chlorella regularis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:266-270. [PMID: 30081286 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A high phosphorus concentration is widely accepted as favorable for enhancing both microalgae growth and lipid accumulation; however, excessively high P could be counter-productive. In this study, we investigated the effects of increasing P levels (5.4, 25, 45, 150, and 250 mg-P L-1) on the heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella regularis. Microalgae growth was inhibited and cells were severely damaged in response to highly excessive P levels (≥150 mg-P L-1). In particular, 250 mg-P L-1 resulted in a ∼40% decrease in cell density and a ∼70% loss of cell viability. Microalgae damage induced by excessive phosphorus included enlarged cell size, deformation of cell walls, and disorganization of organelles. These negative effects were associated with the over-accumulation of polyphosphates within cells, which may further cause binding of P to intracellular components. Although P is an essential nutrient, excessive P lowers cell growth and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcheng Li
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Liang Fu
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA
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31
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Yao C, Jiang J, Cao X, Liu Y, Xue S, Zhang Y. Phosphorus Enhances Photosynthetic Storage Starch Production in a Green Microalga (Chlorophyta) Tetraselmis subcordiformis in Nitrogen Starvation Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10777-10787. [PMID: 30270616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are potential starch producers as alternatives to agricultural crops. This study disclosed the effects and mechanism of phosphorus availability exerted on storage starch production in a starch-producing microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis in nitrogen starvation conditions. Excessive phosphorus supply facilitated starch production, which differed from the conventional cognition that phosphorus would inhibit transitory starch biosynthesis in plants. Phosphorus enhanced energy utilization efficiency for biomass and storage starch production. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), conventionally known to be critical for starch biosynthesis, was negatively correlated to storage starch biosynthesis. Excessive phosphorus supply maintained large cell volumes, enhanced activities of starch phosphorylases (SPs) along with branching enzymes and isoamylases, and increased phosphoenolpyruvate and trehalose-6-phosphate levels to alleviate the inhibition of high phosphate availability to AGPase, all of which improved starch production. This work highlighted the importance of phosphorus in the production of microalgal starch and provided further evidence for the SP-based storage starch biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , China
| | - Junpeng Jiang
- Marine Bioengineering Group , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Marine Bioengineering Group , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , China
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32
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Nadzir SM, Yusof N, Nordin N, Abdullah H, Kamari A. Combination Effect of Temperature and Light Intensity on Lipid Productivity of Tetradesmus obliquus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Ridley CJ, Parker BM, Norman L, Schlarb-Ridley B, Dennis R, Jamieson AE, Clark D, Skill SC, Smith AG, Davey MP. Growth of microalgae using nitrate-rich brine wash from the water industry. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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34
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Comparison of Trophic Modes to Maximize Biomass and Lipid Productivity of Micractinium inermum NLP-F014. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-017-0489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Kube M, Jefferson B, Fan L, Roddick F. The impact of wastewater characteristics, algal species selection and immobilisation on simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Li Y, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhao H, Zhou W. Seawater toilet flushing sewage treatment and nutrients recovery by marine bacterial-algal mutualistic system. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:70-79. [PMID: 29253791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seawater toilet flushing sewage with excess eutrophic and high salinity brought a great barrier on the municipal wastewater treatment plants. Nutrients recovery and biomass production as potential biofuel feedstock with less energy consumption will be a key challenge in wastewater treatment. In the optimal inoculation of algae and bacteria, a marine bacterial-algal mutualistic system was established to treat synthetic seawater toilet flushing sewage without extra carbon and O2 addition. It was showed that 85.5% of total nitrogen (TN) (from 200 mg/L), 91.0% of total phosphorus (TP) (from 40 mg/L) and 98.7% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (from 1600 mg/L) were removed with 4.28 g/L of biomass yield (biomass productivity 159.3 mg/L/d) containing 16.3% lipid and 62.6% protein, which performance mainly achieved by bacteria during first six days and algae functioned subsequently. Both nitrogen and phosphorus removal of the system were mainly assimilation/accumulation. Algal facultative heterotrophia ensured dissolved organic carbon for bacterial utilization and avoiding excessive organic matter produced. The established algal-bacterial system provided a potential energy-efficient and eco-friendly approach for seawater blackwater treatment and nutrients recovery simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yizhan Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
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37
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Gao F, Wu H, Zeng M, Huang M, Feng G. Overproduction, purification, and characterization of nanosized polyphosphate bodies from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:27. [PMID: 29463242 PMCID: PMC5819187 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inorganic polyphosphate bodies (PPB) have recently been linked to a variety of functions in mammalian cells. To improve the yield of PPB from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and characterize its form, in this study, a recombinant plasmid containing a polyphosphate kinase (ppk) gene was generated and transformed into Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Results PPB separated by Sephadex G-100 was characterized and added to polarized human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells, and the absorption effect was assessed. The ppk gene was stably expressed by induction with 1 μM nickel, and the resulting PPB yield from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cells increased by 89.66%. Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that PPB from these cells were nanosized, ranging from a few to approximately 100 nanometres in diameter. PPB can be taken up by Caco-2 cells and are mainly distributed around lipid droplets. Conclusions We determined that PPB can be overproduced in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 and that the resulting PPB were well absorbed by Caco-2 cells. Microalgae provide a promising “cell factory” for PPB production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzheng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Min Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxin Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
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Zhou W, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhao H. Nutrients removal and recovery from saline wastewater by Spirulina platensis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:10-17. [PMID: 28892678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important alternative to alleviate the pressure of fresh water shortage, seawater application is facing a great challenge on the wastewater treatment due to the salinity brought from seawater. Spirulina platensis originated from salty lake was used to treat mixed synthetic toilet flushing wastewater of seawater with washing wastewater of freshwater. It was showed that 79.96% of TN (to 15.69mg/L), 93.35% of TP (to 1.03mg/L) and 90.02% of CODCr (to 90.24mg/L) were removed with 0.76g/L of biomass production in the optimal ratio 7:3 of the above mixed synthetic wastewater. The performance was better than that of current strategy of seawater toilet flushing treatment. With the evaluation of nutrients uptake, biomass composition and microalgal aggregation, a model of nutrients recovery and metabolism of Spirulina platensis in saline wastewater treatment was proposed. It is provided a promising strategy for saline wastewater treatment with valuable biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Yating Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yizhan Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Jiang J, Yao C, Cao X, Liu Y, Xue S. Characterization of starch phosphorylase from the marine green microalga (Chlorophyta) Tetraselmis subcordiformis reveals its potential role in starch biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:84-93. [PMID: 28787650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a marine green starch-producing microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis, the role of starch phosphorylase (SP) in the starch biosynthesis was disclosed by characterizing the enzyme properties and activity variations during the starch accumulation process. TsSP4, a SP isoform accounting for the major SP activity in T. subcordiformis, was unique to be active in a monomer form with a molecular weight of approximately 110kDa. It resembled one of the chloroplast-located SPs (PhoA) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a similarity of 63.3% in sequence, though it possessed the typical L78/80 domain found in the plastidial SPs (Pho1) of higher plants that was absent in PhoA. TsSP4 exhibited moderate sensitivity to ADP-Glc inhibition and had a high activity for longer-chain linear maltooligosacchride (MOS) and amylopectin against highly branched glycogen as the substrates. TsSP4 had 2-fold higher affinity for Glc-1-P in the synthetic direction than for Pi in the phosphorolytic direction, and the catalytic constant kcat for Glc-1-P was 2-fold of that for Pi. Collectively, TsSP4 preferred synthetic rather than phosphorolytic direction. TsSP4 could elongate MOSs even initially with Pi alone in the absence of Glc-1-P, which further supported its synthetic role in the starch biosynthesis. TsSP4 displayed increased activities in the developing and mature stage of starch biosynthesis under nitrogen-starvation conditions, indicating its possible contribution to the amylopectin amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Jiang
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Xupeng Cao
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Song Xue
- Marine Bioengineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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Choi YY, Joun JM, Lee J, Hong ME, Pham HM, Chang WS, Sim SJ. Development of large-scale and economic pH control system for outdoor cultivation of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis using industrial flue gas. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1235-1244. [PMID: 28647321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop the economic and effective buffer system for microalgae mass cultivation using industrial flue gas. Due to the continuous flue gas supplement, culture media acidified, therefore cell growth inhibited. Although buffering agent was added, this result increase in cost for overall culture process. Therefore combined buffer system of bicarbonate and phosphate (BP) for large-scale use was investigated. The bicarbonate buffer system generated from CO2 dissolution, additionally phosphate buffer system improves the buffer performance under the continuous CO2 supplementation from flue gas. The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated under autotrophic outdoor conditions using these buffer solutions. As a result, the autotrophic BP buffer system enhanced the biomass and astaxanthin productivity of H. pluvialis to 105% and 103%, respectively. The results confirm that the BP buffer system reduces the cost of microalgal CO2 conversion process, particularly for the outdoor mass cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Jae Min Joun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Min Eui Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Hoang-Minh Pham
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Research Institute, Korea District Heating Corp., 186 Bundang-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea.
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Xu XQ, Wang JH, Zhang TY, Dao GH, Wu GX, Hu HY. Attached microalgae cultivation and nutrients removal in a novel capillary-driven photo-biofilm reactor. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tossavainen M, Nykänen A, Valkonen K, Ojala A, Kostia S, Romantschuk M. Culturing of Selenastrum on diluted composting fluids; conversion of waste to valuable algal biomass in presence of bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:205-213. [PMID: 28433909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth and fatty acid production of microalga Selenastrum sp. with associated bacteria was studied in lab-scale experiments in three composting leachate liquids. Nutrient reduction in cultures was measured at different initial substrate strengths. A small, pilot-scale photobioreactor (PBR) was used to verify lab-scale results. Similar growth conditions supported growth of both Selenastrum and bacteria. CO2 feed enhanced the production of biomass and lipids in PBR (2.4gL-1 and 17% DW) compared to lab-scale (0.1-1.6gL-1 and 4.0-6.5% DW) experiments. Also prolonged cultivation time increased lipid content in PBR. At both scales, NH4-N with an initial concentration of ca. 40mgL-1 was completely removed from the biowaste leachate. In lab-scale, maximal COD reduction was over 2000mgL-1, indicating mixotrophic growth of Selenastrum. Co-cultures are efficient in composting leachate liquid treatment, and conversion of waste to biomass is a promising approach to improve the bioeconomy of composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Anne Nykänen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Kalle Valkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anne Ojala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Kostia
- Faculty of Technology, Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Ståhlberginkatu 10, 15110 Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Ruan Z, Giordano M. The use of NH 4+ rather than NO 3- affects cell stoichiometry, C allocation, photosynthesis and growth in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. UTEX LB 2380, only when energy is limiting. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:227-236. [PMID: 27982443 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The assimilation of N-NO3- requires more energy than that of N-NH4+ . This becomes relevant when energy is limiting and may impinge differently on cell energy budget depending on depth, time of the day and season. We hypothesize that N-limited and energy-limited cells of the oceanic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. differ in their response to the N source with respect to growth, elemental stoichiometry and carbon allocation. Under N limitation, cells retained almost absolute homeostasis of elemental and organic composition, and the use of NH4+ did not stimulate growth. When energy was limiting, however, Synechococcus grew faster in NH4+ than in NO3- and had higher C (20%), N (38%) and S (30%) cell quotas. Furthermore, more C was allocated to protein, whereas the carbohydrate and lipid pool size did not change appreciably. Energy limitation also led to a higher photosynthetic rate relative to N limitation. We interpret these results as an indication that, under energy limitation, the use of the least expensive N source allowed a spillover of the energy saved from N assimilation to the assimilation of other nutrients. The change in elemental stoichiometry influenced C allocation, inducing an increase in cell protein, which resulted in a stimulation of photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxi Ruan
- Marine Biology Institute, Science Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Mario Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Algatech, Trebon, Czech Republic
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Science, Venezia, Italy
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Iman Shayan S, Agblevor FA, Bertin L, Sims RC. Hydraulic retention time effects on wastewater nutrient removal and bioproduct production via rotating algal biofilm reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:527-533. [PMID: 27038261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) technology was successfully employed in an effective strategy to couple the removal of wastewater nutrients with accumulation of valuable bioproducts by grown algae. A secondary stage municipal wastewater was fed to the developed system and the effects of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) parameter on both nutrient removal and bioproduct production were evaluated under fed-batch operation mode. Two sets of bench scale RABRs were designed and operated with HRTs of 2 and 6days in order to provide competitive environment for algal growth. The HRT significantly affected nitrogen and phosphorus uptakes along with lipid and starch accumulations by microalgae in harvested biofilms. Domination of nitrogen removal in 2-day HRT with higher lipid accumulation (20% on dried weight basis) and phosphorus removal in 6-day HRT with higher starch production (27% on dried weight basis) was observed by comparing the performances of the RABRs in duplicate runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Iman Shayan
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
| | - Foster A Agblevor
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
| | - Lorenzo Bertin
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ronald C Sims
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
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Leite GB, Paranjape K, Hallenbeck PC. Breakfast of champions: Fast lipid accumulation by cultures of Chlorella and Scenedesmus induced by xylose. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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