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Liu WK, Su BM, Xu XQ, Xu L, Lin J. Multienzymatic Cascade for Synthesis of Hydroxytyrosol via Two-Stage Biocatalysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15293-15300. [PMID: 38940657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol, a naturally occurring compound with antioxidant and antiviral activity, is widely applied in the cosmetic, food, and nutraceutical industries. The development of a biocatalytic approach for producing hydroxytyrosol from simple and readily accessible substrates remains a challenge. Here, we designed and implemented an effective biocatalytic cascade to obtain hydroxytyrosol from 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and l-threonine via a four-step enzymatic cascade composed of seven enzymes. To prevent cross-reactions and protein expression burden caused by multiple enzymes expressed in a single cell, the designed enzymatic cascade was divided into two modules and catalyzed in a stepwise manner. The first module (FM) assisted the assembly of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and l-threonine into (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, and the second module (SM) entailed converting (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid into hydroxytyrosol. Each module was cloned into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and engineered in parallel by fine-tuning enzyme expression, resulting in two engineered whole-cell catalyst modules, BL21(FM01) and BL21(SM13), capable of converting 30 mM 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde to 28.7 mM hydroxytyrosol with a high space-time yield (0.88 g/L/h). To summarize, the current study proposes a simple and effective approach for biosynthesizing hydroxytyrosol from low-cost substrates and thus has great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Enzyme Catalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bing-Mei Su
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Enzyme Catalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Enzyme Catalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Enzyme Catalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Enzyme Catalysis and Synthetic Biotechnology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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2
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Chen Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Chen X, Hao J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Discovery and directed evolution of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biosynthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids and derivatives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38566472 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2332295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-α-amino acids (β-HAAs) have extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical synthesis, and food industries. The development of synthetic methodologies aimed at producing optically pure β-HAAs has been driven by practical applications. Among the various synthetic methods, biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis is considered a sustainable approach due to its capacity to generate two stereogenic centers from simple prochiral precursors in a single step. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made in recent years to search for effective enzymes which enable such biotransformation. This review provides an overview on the discovery and engineering of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of β-HAAs. We highlight examples where the use of threonine aldolases, threonine transaldolases, serine hydroxymethyltransferases, α-methylserine aldolases, α-methylserine hydroxymethyltransferases, and engineered alanine racemases facilitated the synthesis of β-HAAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential future advancements and persistent obstacles in the enzymatic synthesis of β-HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Chen
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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3
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Xi Z, Xu Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhu Q, Li L, Zhang R. Enhanced synthesis of chloramphenicol intermediate L-threo-p-nitrophenylserine using engineered L-threonine transaldolase and by-product elimination. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130310. [PMID: 38382774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
L-threo-p-nitrophenylserine (component 2) is an important intermediate during synthesis of chloramphenicol. However, its biosynthesis is limited by enzyme activity and stereoselectivity. In this study, we achieved a breakthrough in the high-efficiency production of 2 by employing engineered Chitiniphilus shinanonensis L-threonine transaldolase (ChLTTA) in conjunction with a by-product elimination system within a one-pot reaction. Notably, a novel visual stepwise high-throughput screening method was developed for the directed evolution of ChLTTA, leveraging its characteristic color. The engineered mutant F70D/F59A (Mu6 variant) emerged as a star performer, exhibiting a remarkable 2.6-fold increase in catalytic efficiency over the wild-type ChLTTA, coupled with an outstanding 91.5 % diastereoisomer excess (de). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations unraveled the mechanism responsible for the enhanced catalytic performance observed in the Mu6 variant. Meanwhile, the Mu6 variant was coupled with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ethanol dehydrogenase (ScADH) and Candida boidinii formate dehydrogenase (CbFDH) to create a high-efficiency cascade system (E.coli/pRSF-Mu6-ScADH-CbFDH). Under optimized conditions, this cascade system demonstrated unparalleled performance, yielding 201.5 mM of 2 with an impressive conversion of 95.9 % and a de value of 94.5 %. This achievement represents the highest reported yield to date. This study offers a novel insight into the sustainable and efficient production of chloramphenicol intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xi
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Lihong Li
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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4
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Xu L, Shen JJ, Wu M, Su BM, Xu XQ, Lin J. An artificial biocatalytic cascade for efficient synthesis of norepinephrine by combination of engineered L-threonine transaldolase with multi-enzyme expression fine-tuning. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130819. [PMID: 38508550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Norepinephrine, a kind of β-adrenergic receptor agonist, is commonly used for treating shocks and hypotension caused by a variety of symptoms. The development of a straightforward, efficient and environmentally friendly biocatalytic route for manufacturing norepinephrine remains a challenge. Here, we designed and realized an artificial biocatalytic cascade to access norepinephrine starting from 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and L-threonine mediated by a tailored-made L-threonine transaldolase PsLTTA-Mu1 and a newly screened tyrosine decarboxylase ErTDC. To overcome the imbalance of multi-enzymes in a single cell, engineering of PsLTTA for improved activity and fine-tuning expression mode of multi-enzymes in single E.coli cells were combined, leading to a robust whole cell biocatalyst ES07 that could produce 100 mM norepinephrine with 99% conversion, delivering a highest time-space yield (3.38 g/L/h) ever reported. To summarized, the current study proposed an effective biocatalytic approach for the synthesis of norepinephrine from low-cost substrates, paving the way for industrial applications of enzymatic norepinephrine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jun-Jiang Shen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bing-Mei Su
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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5
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Wang B, Xu JZ, Liu S, Rao ZM, Zhang WG. Engineering of human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 for efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129484. [PMID: 38242416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan hydroxylation catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) presents a promising method for synthesizing 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), yet the limited activity of wild-type human TPH2 restricts its application. A high-activity mutant, MT10 (H318E/H323E), was developed through semi-rational active site saturation testing (CAST) of wild-type TPH2, exhibiting a 2.85-fold increase in kcat/Km over the wild type, thus enhancing catalytic efficiency. Two biotransformation systems were developed, including an in vitro one-pot system and a Whole-Cell Catalysis System (WCCS). In the WCCS, MT10 achieved a conversion rate of only 31.5 % within 32 h. In the one-pot reaction, MT10 converted 50 mM L-tryptophan to 44.5 mM 5-HTP within 8 h, achieving an 89 % conversion rate, outperforming the M1 (NΔ143/CΔ26) variant. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated enhanced interactions of MT10 with the substrate, suggesting improved binding affinity and system stability. This study offers an effective approach for the efficient production of 5-HTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingBing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi 214122, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zheng J, You J, Zhang D, Zhang X, Chen F, Yang T, Xu M, Hu Y, Rao Z. Pre-optimization and one-step preparation of cascade enzymes system with broad substrates by model guidance: Application of chiral L-norvaline and L-phenylglycine biosynthesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130125. [PMID: 38040317 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cascade biocatalyst systems with catalytic promiscuity can be used for synthesis of a class of chiral chemicals but the optimization of these systems by model guidance is poorly explored. In this study, a cascade system with broad substrate spectrum was characterized and simulated by kinetic model with substrates of DL-Norvaline (DL-Nor) and DL-Phenylglycine (DL-Phg) as examples. To evaluate the optimal cascade system, maximum accumulation of intermediate products and conversion rate in the process were investigated by simultaneous solution of the rate equations for varying enzyme quantities. According to the simulation results, the cascade system was optimized by regulating the expression of D-amino acid oxidase and formate dehydrogenase and was prepared by one-step. The conversion efficiency of DL-Nor and DL-Phg have been significantly improved compared with that of before optimization. Moreover, the total of L-Nor and L-Phg were reached 498.2 mM and 79.5 mM through a gradient fed-batch conversion strategy, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Yuanqing Hu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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7
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Xi Z, Li L, Liu Z, Wu X, Xu Y, Zhang R. Rational Design of l-Threonine Transaldolase-Mediated System for Enhanced Florfenicol Intermediate Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:461-474. [PMID: 38153324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
l-threo-p-methylsulfonylphenylserine (compound 1b) is the main intermediate of florfenicol, and its efficient synthesis has been the subject of current research. Herein, Burkholderia diffusa l-threonine transaldolase (BuLTTA) was rationally designed based on the sequence-structure-function relationship. A mutant M4 (Asn35Ser/Thr352Asn) could produce 35.5 mM 1b with 88.8% conversion and 93.8% diastereoselectivity, 314 and 129% of the values observed for wild-type BuLTTA. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the shortened distance between key active site residues and the transition state (PLP-1b) and the improved hydrogen bond force enhanced the catalytic performance of the M4 variant. Then, the mutant M4 was combined with K. kurtzmanii alcohol dehydrogenase (KkADH) to eliminate the BuLTTA-inhibiting byproduct acetaldehyde, and a cosubstrate was added to regenerate the ADH cofactor NADH. Under optimized conditions, the yield of 1b reached 115.2 mM with a conversion of 96% and a diastereoselectivity of 95.5%. This work provides a new strategy for the efficient and sustainable production of 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xi
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Li
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Infection Control, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Lab of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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Tang M, Pan X, Yang T, You J, Zhu R, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Multidimensional engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient synthesis of L-tryptophan. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129475. [PMID: 37451510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of microbial cell factory for L-tryptophan (L-trp) production has received widespread attention but still requires extensive efforts due to weak metabolic flux distribution and low yield. Here, the riboswitch-based high-throughput screening (HTS) platform was established to construct a powerful L-trp-producing chassis cell. To facilitate L-trp biosynthesis, gene expression was regulated by promoter and N-terminal coding sequences (NCS) engineering. Modules of degradation, transport and by-product synthesis related to L-trp production were also fine-tuned. Next, a novel transcription factor YihL was excavated to negatively regulate L-trp biosynthesis. Self-regulated promoter-mediated dynamic regulation of branch pathways was performed and cofactor supply was improved for further L-trp biosynthesis. Finally, without extra addition, the yield of strain Trp30 reached 42.5 g/L and 0.178 g/g glucose after 48 h of cultivation in 5-L bioreactor. Overall, strategies described here worked up a promising method combining HTS and multidimensional regulation for developing cell factories for products in interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xuewei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Jiajia You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Applied Microorganisms and Metabolic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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9
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Jones MA, Butler ND, Anderson SR, Wirt SA, Govil I, Lyu X, Fang Y, Kunjapur AM. Discovery of L-threonine transaldolases for enhanced biosynthesis of beta-hydroxylated amino acids. Commun Biol 2023; 6:929. [PMID: 37696954 PMCID: PMC10495429 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-hydroxy non-standard amino acids (β-OH-nsAAs) have utility as small molecule drugs, precursors for beta-lactone antibiotics, and building blocks for polypeptides. While the L-threonine transaldolase (TTA), ObiH, is a promising enzyme for β-OH-nsAA biosynthesis, little is known about other natural TTA sequences. We ascertained the specificity of the TTA enzyme class more comprehensively by characterizing 12 candidate TTA gene products across a wide range (20-80%) of sequence identities. We found that addition of a solubility tag substantially enhanced the soluble protein expression level within this difficult-to-express enzyme family. Using an optimized coupled enzyme assay, we identified six TTAs, including one with less than 30% sequence identity to ObiH that exhibits broader substrate scope, two-fold higher L-Threonine (L-Thr) affinity, and five-fold faster initial reaction rates under conditions tested. We harnessed these TTAs for first-time bioproduction of β-OH-nsAAs with handles for bio-orthogonal conjugation from supplemented precursors during aerobic fermentation of engineered Escherichia coli, where we observed that higher affinity of the TTA for L-Thr increased titer. Overall, our work reveals an unexpectedly high level of sequence diversity and broad substrate specificity in an enzyme family whose members play key roles in the biosynthesis of therapeutic natural products that could benefit from chemical diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Neil D Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shelby R Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sean A Wirt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ishika Govil
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Xinyi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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10
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Ma H, Chen W, Lv M, Qi X, Ruan Q, Pan C, Guo A. The inhibitory mechanism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) formation by ultraviolet-gallic acid (UV-GA) during the oil-frying process of squid. Food Chem 2023; 418:135957. [PMID: 36989649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of ultraviolet-gallic acid (UV-GA) on carbonyl valence and intermediates and precursors of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) was investigated to futher clarify the inhibitory mechanism for safety control the quality of oil-fried squid. Ultraviolet C-treated gallic acid (UVC-GA) and ultraviolet B-treated gallic acid (UVB-GA) were produced by ultraviolet 225 nm of band C and 300 nm of band B, respectively. The MeIQx contents in oil-fried squid were significantly higher, and UVC-GA and UVB-GA could significantly inhibit the MeIQx formation and the formation rates of carbonyl valence and precursors (threonine (Thr), creatinine, and glucose). The UVB-GA inhibited formaldehyde formation, while UVC-GA significantly reduced the formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine contents. In conculsion, UV-GA reduced carbonyl produced from the lipid oxidation to further weaken the catalysis of carbonyl, rendering the MeIQx precursor degrading into the intermediates during Strecker degradation. Thus, the MeIQx formation was inhibited.
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11
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Hickey J, Sindhikara D, Zultanski SL, Schultz DM. Beyond 20 in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges of Non-canonical Amino Acids in Peptide Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:557-565. [PMID: 37197469 PMCID: PMC10184154 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Life is constructed primarily using a toolbox of 20 canonical amino acids-relying upon these building blocks for the assembly of proteins and peptides that regulate nearly every cellular task, including cell structure, function, and maintenance. While Nature continues to be a source of inspiration for drug discovery, medicinal chemists are not beholden to only 20 canonical amino acids and have begun to explore non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) for the construction of designer peptides with improved drug-like properties. However, as our toolbox of ncAAs expands, drug hunters are encountering new challenges in approaching the iterative peptide design-make-test-analyze cycle with a seemingly boundless set of building blocks. This Microperspective focuses on new technologies that are accelerating ncAA interrogation in peptide drug discovery (including HELM notation, late-stage functionalization, and biocatalysis) while shedding light on areas where further investment could not only accelerate the discovery of new medicines but also improve downstream development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
L. Hickey
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co.,
Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dan Sindhikara
- Department
of Modeling and Informatics, Merck &
Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Department
of Process Research & Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Department
of Process Research & Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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12
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Butler ND, Anderson SR, Dickey RM, Nain P, Kunjapur AM. Combinatorial gene inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenases mitigates aldehyde oxidation catalyzed by E. coli resting cells. Metab Eng 2023; 77:294-305. [PMID: 37100193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are attractive chemical targets both as end products in the flavors and fragrances industry and as intermediates due to their propensity for C-C bond formation. Here, we identify and address unexpected oxidation of a model collection of aromatic aldehydes, including many that originate from biomass degradation. When diverse aldehydes are supplemented to E. coli cells grown under aerobic conditions, as expected they are either reduced by the wild-type MG1655 strain or stabilized by a strain engineered for reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (the E. coli RARE strain). Surprisingly, when these same aldehydes are supplemented to resting cell preparations of either E. coli strain, under many conditions we observe substantial oxidation. By performing combinatorial inactivation of six candidate aldehyde dehydrogenase genes in the E. coli genome using multiplexed automatable genome engineering (MAGE), we demonstrate that this oxidation can be substantially slowed, with greater than 50% retention of 6 out of 8 aldehydes when assayed 4 h after their addition. Given that our newly engineered strain exhibits reduced oxidation and reduction of aromatic aldehydes, we dubbed it the E. coli ROAR strain. We applied the new strain to resting cell biocatalysis for two kinds of reactions - the reduction of 2-furoic acid to furfural and the condensation of 3-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and glycine to form a beta hydroxylated non-standard amino acid. In each case, we observed substantial improvements in product titer 20 h after reaction initiation (9-fold and 10-fold, respectively). Moving forward, the use of this strain to generate resting cells should allow aldehyde product isolation, further enzymatic conversion, or chemical reactivity under cellular contexts that better accommodate aldehyde toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Butler
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newar, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Shelby R Anderson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newar, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Roman M Dickey
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newar, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Priyanka Nain
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newar, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Aditya M Kunjapur
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newar, DE, 19716, USA.
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13
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Chen Z, Oh WD, Yap PS. Recent advances in the utilization of immobilized laccase for the degradation of phenolic compounds in aqueous solutions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135824. [PMID: 35944673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds such as phenol, bisphenol A, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol are well known to be highly detrimental to both human and living beings. Thus, it is of critical importance that suitable remediation technologies are developed to effectively remove phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions. Biodegradation utilizing enzymatic technologies is a promising biotechnological solution to sustainably address the pollution in the aquatic environment as caused by phenolic compounds under a defined environmentally optimized strategy and thus should be investigated in great detail. This review aims to present the latest developments in the employment of immobilized laccase for the degradation of phenolic compounds in water. The review first succinctly delineates the fundamentals of biological enzyme degradation along with a critical discussion on the myriad types of laccase immobilization techniques, which include physical adsorption, ionic adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and self-immobilization. Then, this review presents the major properties of immobilized laccase, namely pH stability, thermal stability, reusability, and storage stability, as well as the degradation efficiencies and associated kinetic parameters. In addition, the optimization of the immobilized enzyme, specifically on laccase immobilization methods and multi-enzyme system are critically discussed. Finally, pertinent future perspectives are elucidated in order to significantly advance the developments of this research field to a higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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14
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Cai B, Bocola M, Zhou A, Sun F, Xu Q, Yang J, Shen T, Zhang Z, Sun L, Ji Y, Bong YK, Daussmann T, Chen H. Computer-aided directed evolution ofl-threonine aldolase for asymmetric biocatalytic synthesis of a chloramphenicol intermediate. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116880. [PMID: 35714535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
l-Threonine aldolases (LTAs) employing pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) as cofactor can convert low-cost achiral substrates glycine and aldehyde directly into valuable β-hydroxy-α-amino acids such as (2R,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl) propanoic acid ((R,S)-AHNPA), which is utilized broadly as crucial chiral intermediates for bioactive compounds. However, LTAs' stereospecificity towards the β carbon is rather moderate and their activity and stability at high substrate load is low, which limits their industrial application. Here, computer-aided directed evolution was applied to improve overall activity, selectivity and stability under desired process conditions of a l-threonine aldolase in the asymmetric synthesis of (R,S)-AHNPA. Selectivity and stability determining regions were computationally identified for structure-guided directed evolution of LTA-variants under efficient biocatalytic process conditions using 40% ethanol as cosolvent. We applied molecular modeling to rationalize selectivity improvement and design focused libraries targeting the substrate binding pocket, and we also used MD simulations in nonaqueous process environment as an effective and promising method to predict potential unstable loop regions near the tetramer interface which are hot-spots for cosolvent resistance. An excellent LTA variant EM-ALDO031 with 18 mutations was obtained, which showed ∼ 30-fold stability improvement in 40% ethanol and diastereoselectivity (de) raised from 31.5% to 85% through a three-phase evolution campaign. Our fast and efficient data-driven methodology utilizing a combination of experimental and computational tools enabled us to evolve an aldolase variant to achieve the target of 90% conversion at up to 150 g/L substrate load in 40% ethanol, enabling the biocatalytic production of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids from cheap achiral precursors at multi-ton scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqin Cai
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Marco Bocola
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH, Neusser Str. 39, Düsseldorf 40219, Germany
| | - Ameng Zhou
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Fenshuai Sun
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Jiadong Yang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Tianran Shen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Yaoyao Ji
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Yong Koy Bong
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China
| | - Thomas Daussmann
- Enzymaster Deutschland GmbH, Neusser Str. 39, Düsseldorf 40219, Germany
| | - Haibin Chen
- Enzymaster (Ningbo) Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Innovation Center, No.2646 East Zhongshan Road, Ningbo 31500, China.
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15
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“Nonpolarity paving” in substrate tunnel of a Limnobacter sp. Phenylacetone monooxygenase for efficient single whole-cell synthesis of esomeprazole. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Microbiome engineering for sustainable agriculture: using synthetic biology to enhance nitrogen metabolism in plant-associated microbes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 68:102172. [PMID: 35717707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants benefit from symbiotic relationships with their microbiomes. Modifying these microbiomes to further promote plant growth and improve stress tolerance in crops is a promising strategy. However, such efforts have had limited success, perhaps because the original microbiomes quickly re-establish. Since the complex biological networks involved are little understood, progress through conventional means is time-consuming. Synthetic biology, with its practical successes in multiple industries, could speed up this research considerably. Some fascinating candidates for production by synthetic microbiomes are organic nitrogen metabolites and related pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, which have pivotal roles in microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions. This review summarizes recent studies of these metabolites and enzymes and discusses prospective synthetic biology platforms for sustainable agriculture.
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17
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Wang J, Cheng H, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. Efficient production of inositol from glucose via a tri-enzymatic cascade pathway. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127125. [PMID: 35398211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inositol is an essential intermediate in cosmetics, food, medicine and other industries. However, developing an efficient biotransformation system for large-scale production of inositol remains challenging. Herein, a tri-enzymatic cascade route with three novel enzymes including polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK) from Thermobifida fusca, inositol 3-phosphate synthase (IPS) from Archaeoglobus profundus DSM 5631 and inositol monophosphatase (IMP) from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 was designed and reconstructed for the production of inositol from glucose. The problem of poor cooperativity of the cascade reactions was addressed by ribosome binding site (RBS) optimization of PPGK and replication of IPS. Under the optimum biotransformation conditions, the engineered whole-cell immobilized with colloidal chitin transformed 120 g/L glucose to 110.8 g/L inositol with 92.3% conversion in four cycles of reuse, representing the highest titer of inositol to date. Furthermore, this is the first study for inositol production using a three-enzyme coordinated immobilized single-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wang
- Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China; Key Laboratory of Food and Biological Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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18
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Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Substituted 1,2-Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One-Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116344. [PMID: 35166000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohol motif is found in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. In this study, enzymatic asymmetric reductive amination of α-hydroxymethyl ketones with enantiocomplementary imine reductases (IREDs) enabled the synthesis of chiral N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols with excellent ee values (91-99 %) in moderate to high yields (41-84 %). Furthermore, a one-pot, two-step enzymatic process involving benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of aldehydes and subsequent asymmetric reductive amination was developed, offering an environmentally friendly and economical way to produce N-substituted 1,2-amino alcohols from readily available simple aldehydes and amines. This methodology was then applied to rapidly access a key synthetic intermediate of anti-malaria and cytotoxic tetrahydroquinoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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19
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Rocha JF, Sousa SF, Cerqueira NMFSA. Computational Studies Devoted to the Catalytic Mechanism of Threonine Aldolase, a Critical Enzyme in the Pharmaceutical Industry to Synthesize β-Hydroxy-α-amino Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana F. Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM─Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM─Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. F. Sousa A. Cerqueira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM─Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Zhao HR, Su BM, Shi YB, Lin J. Construction of Efficient Enzyme Systems for Preparing Chiral Ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 157:110033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Li Y, Hu N, Xu Z, Cui Y, Feng J, Yao P, Wu Q, Zhu D, Ma Y. Asymmetric Synthesis of
N
‐Substituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from Simple Aldehydes and Amines by One‐Pot Sequential Enzymatic Hydroxymethylation and Asymmetric Reductive Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Na Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zefei Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Peiyuan Yao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biocatalytic Technology Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences National Technology Innovation Center for Synthetic Biology Tianjin 300308 China
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22
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Hughes DL. Highlights of the Recent Patent Literature─Focus on Biocatalysis Innovation. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Hughes
- Private location: 6755 Mira Mesa Boulevard, Suite 123-217, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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23
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Doyon TJ, Kumar P, Thein S, Kim M, Stitgen A, Grieger AM, Madigan C, Willoughby PH, Buller AR. Scalable and Selective β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acid Synthesis Catalyzed by Promiscuous l-Threonine Transaldolase ObiH. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100577. [PMID: 34699683 PMCID: PMC8796315 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from secondary metabolic pathways possess broad potential for the selective synthesis of complex bioactive molecules. However, the practical application of these enzymes for organic synthesis is dependent on the development of efficient, economical, operationally simple, and well-characterized systems for preparative scale reactions. We sought to bridge this knowledge gap for the selective biocatalytic synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids, which are important synthetic building blocks. To achieve this goal, we demonstrated the ability of ObiH, an l-threonine transaldolase, to achieve selective milligram-scale synthesis of a diverse array of non-standard amino acids (nsAAs) using a scalable whole cell platform. We show how the initial selectivity of the catalyst is high and how the diastereomeric ratio of products decreases at high conversion due to product re-entry into the catalytic cycle. ObiH-catalyzed reactions with a variety of aromatic, aliphatic and heterocyclic aldehydes selectively generated a panel of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids possessing broad functional-group diversity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ObiH-generated β-hydroxy-α-amino acids could be modified through additional transformations to access important motifs, such as β-chloro-α-amino acids and substituted α-keto acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Doyon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Sierra Thein
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | - Maeve Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | - Abigail Stitgen
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | | | - Cormac Madigan
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI 54971, United States
| | | | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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24
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Wang K, Jin W, Ding Y, Lyu Y, Liu J, Yu X. Dual enzyme co-immobilization on reversibly soluble polymers for the one-pot conversion of ferulic acid from wheat bran. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty of using immobilized enzyme to decompose wheat bran to produce ferulic acid lies in the recovery of enzyme from solid-rich wheat bran hydrolysates. In this study, two enzymes...
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25
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Preparation of ZIF@ADH/NAD-MSN/LDH Core Shell Nanocomposites for the Enhancement of Coenzyme Catalyzed Double Enzyme Cascade. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092171. [PMID: 34578486 PMCID: PMC8464746 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of enzyme cascades in limited microscale or nanoscale environments has undergone a quick growth and attracted increasing interests in the field of rapid development of systems chemistry. In this study, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) immobilized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were successfully immobilized on the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). This immobilized product was named ZIF@ADH/NAD-MSN/LDH, and the effect of the multi-enzyme cascade was studied by measuring the catalytic synthesis of lactic acid. The loading efficiency of the enzyme in the in-situ co-immobilization method reached 92.65%. The synthesis rate of lactic acid was increased to 70.10%, which was about 2.82 times that of the free enzyme under the optimal conditions (40 °C, pH = 8). Additionally, ZIF@ADH/NAD-MSN/LDH had experimental stability (71.67% relative activity after four experiments) and storage stability (93.45% relative activity after three weeks of storage at 4 °C; 76.89% relative activity after incubation in acetonitrile-aqueous solution for 1 h; 27.42% relative activity after incubation in 15% N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solution for 1 h). In summary, in this paper, the cyclic regeneration of coenzymes was achieved, and the reaction efficiency of the multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascade was improved due to the reduction of substrate diffusion.
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Liu Q, Xie X, Tang M, Tao W, Shi T, Zhang Y, Huang T, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Lin S. One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of an Aminodiol Intermediate of Florfenicol Using Engineered Transketolase and Transaminase. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinyue Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wentao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yilei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shuangjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Chen Q, Guo M, Bi Y, Qu G, Sun Z, Wang Y, Luo G. Whole-cell biocatalytic synthesis of S-(4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl) methanol in a liquid-liquid biphasic microreaction system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 330:125022. [PMID: 33765631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to synthesize S-(4-chlorophenyl)-(pyridin-2-yl) methanol (S-CPMA) in a green, economic, and efficient way. In the water-cyclohexane liquid-liquid system, recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as a whole-cell catalyst and retained > 60% of its catalytic activity after five reuse cycles. In situ accumulation of the substrate/product in the organic phase effectively improves substrate tolerance and reduces product inhibition and toxicity. Meanwhile, a microreaction system consisting of membrane dispersion and three-dimensional (3D) bending-microchannel was developed to successfully generate droplet swarms with an average diameter of 30 μm. Large specific surface area provided high mass transfer efficiency between phases. While the analogous reaction in a traditional stirred tank required > 270 min to achieve a yield of > 99%, in this biphasic microreaction system, the yield reached 99.6% with a high enantiomeric excess (ee) of > 99% in only 80 min. Efficient synthesis was achieved by reducing the time by 70%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingzhao Guo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuexin Bi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang L, Xu L, Su B, Lin W, Xu X, Lin J. Improving the C β Stereoselectivity of l-Threonine Aldolase for the Synthesis of l-threo-4-Methylsulfonylphenylserine by Modulating the Substrate-Binding Pocket To Control the Orientation of the Substrate Entrance. Chemistry 2021; 27:9654-9660. [PMID: 33843095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
l-Threonine aldolase from Actinocorallia herbida (AhLTA) is an ideal catalyst for producing l-threo-4-methylsulfonylphenylserine [(2S,3R)-1 b], a key chiral precursor for florfenicol and thiamphenicol. The moderate Cβ stereoselectivity is the main obstacle to the industrial application of AhLTA. To address this issue, a combinatorial active-site saturation test (CAST) together with sequence conservatism analysis was applied to engineer the AhLTA toward improved Cβ stereoselectivity. The optical mutant Y314R could asymmetrically synthesize l-threo-4-methylsulfonylphenylserine with 81 % diastereomeric excess (de), which is 23 % higher than wild-type AhLTA. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations revealed that the mechanism for the improvement in Cβ stereoselectivity of Y314R is due to the acylamino group of residues Arg314 controlling the orientation of substrate 4-methylsulfonyl benzaldehyde (1 a) in the active pocket by directed interaction with the methylsulfonyl group; this leads to asymmetric synthesis of l-threo-4-methylsulfonylphenylserine. The success in this study demonstrates that direct control of substrates in an active pocket is an attract strategy to address the Cβ stereoselectivity problem of LTA and contribute to the industrial application of LTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lian Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Peculiarities of promiscuous L-threonine transaldolases for enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3507-3520. [PMID: 33900425 PMCID: PMC8072733 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids (βHAAs) into organic molecules has received considerable attention as these molecules have often found widespread applications in bioorganic chemistry, medicinal chemistry and biomaterial science. Despite innovation of asymmetric synthesis of βHAAs, stereoselective synthesis to control the two chiral centres at Cα and Cβ positions is still challenging, with poor atomic economy and multi protection and deprotection steps. These syntheses are often operated under harsh conditions. Therefore, a biotransformation approach using biocatalysts is needed to selectively introduce these two chiral centres into structurally diverse molecules. Yet, there are few ways that enable one-step synthesis of βHAAs. One is to extend the substrate scope of the existing enzyme inventory. Threonine aldolases have been explored to produce βHAAs. However, the enzymes have poor controlled installation at Cβ position, often resulting in a mixture of diastereoisomers which are difficult to be separated. In this respect, L-threonine transaldolases (LTTAs) offer an excellent potential as the enzymes often provide controlled stereochemistry at Cα and Cβ positions. Another is to mine LTTA homologues and engineer the enzymes using directed evolution with the aim of finding engineered biocatalysts to accept broad substrates with enhanced conversion and stereoselectivity. Here, we review the development of LTTAs that incorporate various aldehyde acceptors to generate structurally diverse βHAAs and highlight areas for future developments. KEY POINTS: • The general mechanism of the transaldolation reaction catalysed by LTTAs • Recent advances in LTTAs from different biosynthetic pathways • Applications of LTTAs as biocatalysts for production of βHAAs.
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Moreno CJ, Hernández K, Charnok SJ, Gittings S, Bolte M, Joglar J, Bujons J, Parella T, Clapés P. Synthesis of γ-Hydroxy-α-amino Acid Derivatives by Enzymatic Tandem Aldol Addition-Transamination Reactions. ACS Catal 2021; 11:4660-4669. [PMID: 34603828 PMCID: PMC8482765 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Three
enzymatic routes toward γ-hydroxy-α-amino acids
by tandem aldol addition–transamination one-pot two-step reactions
are reported. The approaches feature an enantioselective aldol addition
of pyruvate to various nonaromatic aldehydes catalyzed by trans-o-hydroxybenzylidene pyruvate hydratase-aldolase
(HBPA) from Pseudomonas putida. This
affords chiral 4-hydroxy-2-oxo acids, which were subsequently enantioselectively
aminated using S-selective transaminases. Three transamination
processes were investigated involving different amine donors and transaminases:
(i) l-Ala as an amine donor with pyruvate recycling, (ii)
a benzylamine donor using benzaldehyde lyase from Pseudomonas
fluorescens Biovar I (BAL) to transform the benzaldehyde
formed into benzoin, minimizing equilibrium limitations, and (iii) l-Glu as an amine donor with a double cascade comprising branched-chain
α-amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) and aspartate amino transferase
(AspAT), both from E. coli, using l-Asp as a substrate to regenerate l-Glu. The γ-hydroxy-α-amino
acids thus obtained were transformed into chiral α-amino-γ-butyrolactones,
structural motifs found in many biologically active compounds and
valuable intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Moreno
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Karel Hernández
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Simon J. Charnok
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HA, U.K
| | - Samantha Gittings
- Prozomix Ltd. West End Industrial Estate, Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 9HA, U.K
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-24, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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Chen J, Zhu R, Zhou J, Yang T, Zhang X, Xu M, Rao Z. Efficient single whole-cell biotransformation for L-2-aminobutyric acid production through engineering of leucine dehydrogenase combined with expression regulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124665. [PMID: 33540211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) is widely used in the preparation of L-2-aminobutyric acid (L-2-ABA), however its wide application is limited by 2-ketobutyric acid (2-OBA) inhibition. Firstly, a novel high-throughput screening method of LDH was established, specific enzyme activity and 2-OBA tolerance of Lys72Ala mutant were 33.3% higher than those of the wild type. Subsequently, we constructed a single cell comprised of ivlA, EsldhK72A, fdh and optimized expression through fine-tuning RBS intensity, so that the yield of E. coli BL21/pET28a-R3ivlA-EsldhK72A-fdh was 2.6 times higher than that of the original strain. As a result, 150 g L-threonine was transformed to 121 g L-2-ABA in 5 L fermenter with 95% molar conversion rate, and a productivity of 5.04 g·L-1·h-1, which is the highest productivity of L-2-ABA currently reported by single-cell biotransformation. In summary, our research provided a green synthesis for L-2-ABA, which has potential for industrial production of drug precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Junping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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Wang Z, Sundara Sekar B, Li Z. Recent advances in artificial enzyme cascades for the production of value-added chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124551. [PMID: 33360113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme cascades are efficient tools to perform multi-step synthesis in one-pot in a green and sustainable manner, enabling non-natural synthesis of valuable chemicals from easily available substrates by artificially combining two or more enzymes. Bioproduction of many high-value chemicals such as chiral and highly functionalised molecules have been achieved by developing new enzyme cascades. This review summarizes recent advances on engineering and application of enzyme cascades to produce high-value chemicals (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, etc) from simple starting materials. While 2-step enzyme cascades are developed for versatile enantioselective synthesis, multi-step enzyme cascades are engineered to functionalise basic chemicals, such as styrenes, cyclic alkanes, and aromatic compounds. New cascade reactions have also been developed for producing valuable chemicals from bio-based substrates, such as ʟ-phenylalanine, and renewable feedstocks such as glucose and glycerol. The challenges in current process and future outlooks in the development of enzyme cascades are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Balaji Sundara Sekar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Xu L, Wang LC, Su BM, Xu XQ, Lin J. Efficient biosynthesis of (2S, 3R)-4-methylsulfonylphenylserine by artificial self-assembly of enzyme complex combined with an intensified acetaldehyde elimination system. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104766. [PMID: 33662895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
(2S, 3R)-4-methylsulfonylphenylserine [(2S, 3R)-MPS], a key chiral precursor for antibiotics florfenicol and thiamphenicol, could be asymmetrically synthesized by l-threonine transaldolase (LTTA) coupled with an acetaldehyde elimination system. The low efficiency of acetaldehyde elimination system blocked further accumulation of (2S, 3R)-MPS. To address this issue, strengthening acetaldehyde elimination system and enzyme self-assembly strategy were combined to accelerate biosynthesis of (2S, 3R)-MPS. The new multi-enzyme cascade with intensified acetaldehyde elimination system BL21 (PsLTTAD2/ScADH/BtGDH) could produce (2S, 3R)-MPS with a titer of 157.6 mM, 1.7-folds than that produced by the original system BL21 (PsLTTAD2/ApADH/CbFDH). Moreover, self-assembly of PsLTTAD2 and ScADH by respective fusion of SpyTag and SpyCatcher were carried out to develop a self-assembled multi-enzyme cascade BL21 (ST-PsLTTAD2/SC-ScADH/BtGDH). As a result, the yield of (2S, 3R)-MPS was up to 248.1 mM with 95% de. As far as we knew, that represented the highest yield of (2S, 3R)-MPS by enzymatic synthesis, and therefore was a promising and green route for industrial production of this valuable compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Li-Chao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Bing-Mei Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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34
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Yu X, Zhang Z, Li J, Su Y, Gao M, Jin T, Chen G. Co-immobilization of multi-enzyme on reversibly soluble polymers in cascade catalysis for the one-pot conversion of gluconic acid from corn straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124509. [PMID: 33316703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The difficulties in the process of cellulose cascade conversion based on immobilization technology lies in the recycling enzymes from rich solid-containing straw hydrolysate and the incompatibility of conventional immobilization with this process. In this study, three types of enzyme (cellulase, glucose oxidase and catalase) were successfully immobilized on a reversible soluble Eudragit L-100. Through the determination of the preparation conditions, enzymatic properties and catalytic conditions, the co-immobilized enzyme was applied to the catalytic reaction of one-pot conversion of corn straw to gluconic acid. The yield of gluconic acid achieved 0.28 mg/mg, conversion rate of cellulose in corn straw to gluconic acid reached 61.41%. The recovery of co-immobilized enzyme from solid substrate was achieved by using reversible and soluble characteristics of the carrier. After 6 times of recycling, the activity of co-immobilized enzyme was maintained at 52.38%, confirming the feasibility of multi-enzyme immobilization strategy using reversible soluble carrier in cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaoye Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jianzhen Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingyue Gao
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingwei Jin
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; The Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Utilization, The Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Kumar P, Meza A, Ellis JM, Carlson GA, Bingman CA, Buller AR. l-Threonine Transaldolase Activity Is Enabled by a Persistent Catalytic Intermediate. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:86-95. [PMID: 33337128 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
l-Threonine transaldolases (lTTAs) are a poorly characterized class of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of diverse β-hydroxy amino acids. Here, we study the catalytic mechanism of ObiH, an lTTA essential for biosynthesis of the β-lactone natural product obafluorin. Heterologously expressed ObiH purifies as a mixture of chemical states including a catalytically inactive form of the PLP cofactor. Photoexcitation of ObiH promotes the conversion of the inactive state of the enzyme to the active form. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis reveals that ObiH catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of l-threonine to form a remarkably persistent glycyl quinonoid intermediate, with a half-life of ∼3 h. Protonation of this intermediate is kinetically disfavored, enabling on-cycle reactivity with aldehydes to form β-hydroxy amino acids. We demonstrate the synthetic potential of ObiH via the single step synthesis of (2S,3R)-β-hydroxyleucine. To further understand the structural features underpinning this desirable reactivity, we determined the crystal structure of ObiH bound to PLP as the Schiff's base at 1.66 Å resolution. This high-resolution model revealed a unique active site configuration wherein the evolutionarily conserved Asp that traditionally H-bonds to the cofactor is swapped for a neighboring Glu. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with mutagenesis studies indicate that a structural rearrangement is associated with l-threonine entry into the catalytic cycle. Together, these data explain the basis for the unique reactivity of lTTA enzymes and provide a foundation for future engineering and mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anthony Meza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Grace A. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Craig A. Bingman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew R. Buller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Tang J, Chen L, Zhang L, Ni G, Yu J, Wang H, Zhang F, Yuan S, Feng M, Chen S. Structure-guided evolution of a ketoreductase for efficient and stereoselective bioreduction of bulky α-amino β-keto esters. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01032h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral vicinal amino alcohols were generated with excellent stereoselectivity and high conversion from bulky α-amino β-keto esters by an engineered ketoreductase called M30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Tang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Liuqing Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Ni
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 285 Gebaini Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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Mao S, Liu X, Gao X, Zhu Z, Sun D, Lu F, Qin HM. Design of an efficient whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of hydroxyarginine based on a multi-enzyme cascade. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124261. [PMID: 33099094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxyarginine (3-OH-Arg) is an important intermediate for the synthesis of viomycin, an important antibiotic for the clinical treatment of tuberculosis. An efficient strategy for 3-OH-Arg production based on protein engineering and recombinant whole-cell biocatalysis was demonstrated for the first time. To avoid challenging product separation due to the generation of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in the system, the molar ratio of the substrates L-Arg and L-Glu was optimized to ensure the efficient production of 3-OH-Arg as well as the complete consumption of α-KG. Through the establishment of a fed-batch process, 3-OH-Arg and succinic acid (SA) production reached to 9.9 g/L and 5.98 g/L after 36 h of reaction under the optimized conditions. This is the highest biosynthetic yield of 3-OH-Arg achieved to date, potentially offering a promising strategy for commercial production of hydroxylated amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhangliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Dengyue Sun
- College of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Zheng W, Chen K, Fang S, Cheng X, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Construction and Application of PLP Self-sufficient Biocatalysis System for Threonine Aldolase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 141:109667. [PMID: 33051017 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of organic synthesis involve threonine aldolase (TA), a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Although the addition of exogenous PLP is necessary for the reactions, it increases the cost and complicates the purification of the product. This work constructed a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system for TA, which included an improvement of the intracellular PLP level and co-immobilization of TA with PLP. Engineered strain BL-ST was constructed by introducing PLP synthase PdxS/T to Escherichia coli BL21(ED3). The intracellular PLP concentration of the strain increased approximately fivefold to 48.5 μmol/gDCW. l-TA, from Bacillus nealsonii (BnLTA), was co-expressed in the strain BL-ST with PdxS/T, resulting in the engineered strain BL-BnLTA-ST. Compared with the control strain BL-BnLTA (254.1 U/L), the enzyme activity of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST reached 1518.4 U/L without the addition of exogenous PLP. An efficient co-immobilization system was then designed. The epoxy resin LX-1000HFA wrapped by polyethyleneimine (PEI) acted as a carrier to immobilize the crude enzyme solution of the strain BL-BnLTA-ST mixed with an extra 100 μM of exogenous PLP, resulting in the catalyst HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100. HFAPEI-BnLTA-STPLP 100 exhibited a half-life of approximately 450 h, and the application of the catalyst in the continuous biosynthesis of 3-[4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl] serine had more than 180 batch reactions (>60%conv) without the extra addition of exogenous PLP. The excellent compatibility and stability of the system were further confirmed by other TAs. This work introduced a PLP self-sufficient biocatalysis system that can reduce the cost of PLP and contribute to the industrial application of TA. In addition, the system may also be applied in other PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sai Fang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, China.
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