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Razzak SA. Municipal Solid and Plastic Waste Co-pyrolysis Towards Sustainable Renewable Fuel and Carbon Materials: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400307. [PMID: 38880993 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The substantial rise in global energy demand, propelled by industrial expansion, population growth, and transportation needs, poses a formidable challenge. The concurrent urbanization places pressure on the disposal of solid municipal solid waste and the management of plastic waste. Addressing the global waste crisis requires innovative and sustainable garbage disposal solutions with an environmentally friendly approach. This review tackles the challenges of worldwide waste management, focusing on renewable and sustainable fuels and waste recycling through the exploration of co-pyrolysis as an innovative method. It explores the characteristics and environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) and plastic waste (PW), delving into pyrolysis fundamentals, processes, and challenges. The primary emphasis is on co-pyrolysis, elucidating its integration of municipal and plastic waste, synergistic effects, and advantages. The manuscript thoroughly analyzes reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, and the feasibility of co-pyrolysis for energy recovery. It also delves into the synthesis of renewable fuels and valuable chemical intermediates, considering optimization of product distribution. Environmental and economic sustainability aspects, including impact assessment, greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle analysis, and cost analysis of co-pyrolysis processes, are comprehensively investigated. The review underscores the economic benefits of renewable fuel and chemical materials synthesis. The conclusion addresses challenges, proposes future directions, outlines limitations, technical challenges, environmental considerations, and recommends further exploration and integration with other waste management techniques. The manuscript emphasizes the ongoing importance of research in this critical field, aiming to contribute to the development of effective solutions for the escalating global waste management crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Abdur Razzak
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Kumar M, Bhujbal SK, Kohli K, Prajapati R, Sharma BK, Sawarkar AD, Abhishek K, Bolan S, Ghosh P, Kirkham MB, Padhye LP, Pandey A, Vithanage M, Bolan N. A review on value-addition to plastic waste towards achieving a circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171106. [PMID: 38387564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plastic and mixed plastic waste (PW) has received increased worldwide attention owing to its huge rate of production, high persistency in the environment, and unsustainable waste management practices. Therefore, sustainable PW management and upcycling approaches are imperative to achieve the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Numerous recent studies have shown the application and feasibility of various PW conversion techniques to produce materials with better economic value. Within this framework, the current review provides an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge thermochemical technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification, carbonization, and photocatalysis that can be used to value plastic and mixed PW in order to produce energy and industrial chemicals. Additionally, a thorough examination of the environmental impacts of contemporary PW upcycling techniques and their commercial feasibility through life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economical assessment are provided in this review. Finally, this review emphasizes the opportunities and challenges accompanying with existing PW upcycling techniques and deliver recommendations for future research works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Kirtika Kohli
- Distillate and Heavy Oil Processing Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Ravindra Prajapati
- Prairie Research Institute-Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Brajendra K Sharma
- Prairie Research Institute-Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Eastern Regional Research Center Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research Unit, 600 E. Mermaid Ln., Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Ankush D Sawarkar
- Department of Information Technology, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology (SGGSIET), Nanded, Maharashtra 431 606, India
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Dae Ro 26, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, India
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
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3
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Hu Y, Wang J, Yang Y, Li S, Wu Q, Nepovimova E, Zhang X, Kuca K. Revolutionizing soil heavy metal remediation: Cutting-edge innovations in plant disposal technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170577. [PMID: 38311074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals has emerged as a global environmental threat, compromising agricultural productivity, ecosystem integrity, and human health. Conventional remediation techniques often fall short due to high costs, operational complexities, and environmental drawbacks. Plant-based disposal technologies, including biochar, phytometallurgy, and phrolysis, have emerged as promising solutions in this regard. Grounded in a novel experimental framework, biochar is studied for its dual role as soil amendment and metal adsorbent, while phytometallurgy is explored for its potential in resource recovery and economic benefits derived from harvested metal-rich plant biomass. Pyrolysis, in turn, is assessed for transforming contaminated biomass into value-added products, thereby minimizing waste. These plant disposal technologies create a circular model of remediation and resource utilization that holds the potential for application in large-scale soil recovery projects, development of environmentally friendly agro-industries, and advancement in sustainable waste management practices. This review mainly discussed cutting-edge plant disposal technologies-biochar application, phytometallurgy, and pyrolysis-as revolutionary approaches to soil heavy metal remediation. The efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of these innovative technologies are especially evaluated in comparison with traditional methods. The success of these applications could signal a paradigm shift in how we approach both environmental remediation and resource recovery, with profound implications for sustainable development and circular economy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Hu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Junbang Wang
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region of Qinghai Province/Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic.
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4
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Chen S, Hu YH. Chemical recycling of plastic wastes with alkaline earth metal oxides: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167251. [PMID: 37741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been widely used in daily life and industries due to their low cost and high durability, leading to huge production of plastics and tens of millions of plastic wastes every year. Chemical recycling can recycle contaminated and degraded plastics (that mechanical recycling cannot deal with) to obtain value-added products, which potentially solves the environmental problems caused by plastics and realizes a circular economy. Alkaline earth metal oxides, as a category of cost-effective and multi-functional materials, have been widely used in chemical recycling of common plastics, acting as three roles: catalyst, template, and absorbent. Among five commercial plastics, polyethylene terephthalate is suitable for pyrolysis and solvolysis. Polyethylene and polypropylene, which are ideal precursors for synthesis of carbon nanotubes, could be combined with biomass for co-pyrolysis. Polyvinyl chloride needs to be pretreated to reduce chloride content prior to pyrolysis. Depolymerization of polystyrene into monomers is attractive. This review summarized the chemical recycling approaches of commercial plastics and the strategies with alkaline earth metal oxides for the development of efficient recycling processes. It will aid understanding of the advances and challenges in the field and promote the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA.
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Xu J, Tian X, Huang W, Ke L, Fan L, Zhang Q, Cui X, Wu Q, Zeng Y, Cobb K, Liu Y, Ruan R, Wang Y. Production of C 5-C 12 olefins by catalytic pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene with MCM-41 in CO 2/N 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165597. [PMID: 37467986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The current high volume of plastic waste, but low recycling rate, has led to environmental pollution and wasted energy. Greenhouse gas CO2 can facilitate thermal cracking to dehydrogenate waste plastics, and has potential value for producing olefins. In this work, the pyrolysis properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and Py-GC/MS. The effect of the pyrolysis atmosphere, using N2 or CO2, with various MCM-41 catalyst ratios on pyrolysis product distribution, were investigated. The experimental results show that the olefin selectivity under a N2 atmosphere was from 30.32 % to 44.66 % which increased as the MCM-41 catalyst was increased. Under a CO2 atmosphere, the olefin selectivity reached a maximum of 60.39 %. The Boudouard reaction was also enhanced by the introduction of CO2. The carbon content of the subdivided olefins showed that in CO2, the promotion of C5-C12 olefins was relatively weak when non-catalyzed or at low catalytic ratios, but increased significantly at higher MCM-41 catalyst ratios. With a ratio of LDPE: MCM-41 = 5:4, the CO2 atmosphere showed the greatest promotion of C5-C12 olefins over N2, with an increase of 14.66 % compared to N2, representing a 48.54 % yield of the liquid product. Producing C5-C12 olefins under these conditions maximized energy efficiency. These results show that catalytic pyrolysis of LDPE under a CO2 atmosphere has great potential to produce C5-C12 olefins, which can be used to produce high-value chemicals such as naphtha and gasoline. This opens new opportunities for the chemical recycling of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaojie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Wanhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Linyao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liangliang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, and School of Resources & Environment Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiuhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Kirk Cobb
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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6
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Xie T, Zhao L, Yao Z, Kang K, Jia J, Hu T, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huo L. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and polyethylene: Insights into characteristics, kinetic and evolution paths of the reaction process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165443. [PMID: 37442473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the distribution and mechanism of co-pyrolysis products is vital to the directional control and high-value utilization of agriculture solid wastes. Co-pyrolysis, devolatilization, kinetics characteristics, and evolution paths of corn stalk (CS) and low-density-polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated via thermogravimetric experiments. The co-pyrolysis behaviors could be separated into two stages: firstly, the degradation of CS (150- 400 °C); secondly, the degradation of CS (400- 550 °C). The devolatilization index (DI) increased with the addition of LDPE. Furthermore, a combination of devolatilization chemical analysis with product analysis to analyze the intrinsic mechanism during co-pyrolysis. The results indicated that the yield of alkanes and olefin in gas products increased with the addition of LDPE. Additionally, LDPE pyrolysis maybe abstract hydrogen from CS pyrolysis and evolved into hydrogen, methane, and ethylene. Further, the co-pyrolysis kinetic parameters were computed by using model-free isoconversion methods, which showed promotion of CS pyrolysis and the reduced activation energy. All the activation energy were declined, which indicated a "bidirectional positive effect" during co-pyrolysis. The mean activation energy of P-cellulose (P-CE), P-hemicellulose (P-HM), P-lignin (P-LG), and LDPE decreased by 23.49 %, 12.89 %, 15.36 %, and 27.82 %, respectively. This study further proves the hydrogen donor transfer pathway in the co-pyrolysis process of CS and LDPE, providing theoretical support for the resource utilization of agricultural solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lixin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zonglu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Biorefining Research Institute (BRI) and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jixiu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingxia Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Green and Low-carbon for North China Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Silori R, Zang J, Raval NP, Giri BS, Mahlknecht J, Mora A, Dueñas-Moreno J, Tauseef SM, Kumar M. Adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous matrices using sawdust and plastic waste-derived biochar: A sustainable fight against antibiotic resistance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129537. [PMID: 37488012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
We produced carbon-negative biochar from the pyrolysis of sawdust biomass alone (SB) and from the co-pyrolysis of sawdust and plastic waste (SPB). The co-pyrolysis approach in this study was driven by several hypothetical factors, such as increased porosity, surface chemistry, stability, as well as waste management. We applied pyrolyzed and co-pyrolyzed biochars for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Due to its more alkaline and amorphous nature, SB showed better removal efficiencies compared to SPB. The maximum removals of CFX and SMX with SB were observed as ∼95% and >95%, respectively whereas with SPB were 58.8%, and 34.9%, respectively. The primary mechanisms involved in the adsorption process were H-bonding, electrostatic and π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions. Homogenously and heterogeneously driven adsorption of both antibiotics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, implying electron sharing/transfer (chemisorption) mediated adsorption. The work is highly pertinent in the context of emerging concerns related to drivers that promote antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Jian Zang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Nirav P Raval
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj-Kachchh, Gujarat, 370001, India
| | - Balendu Shekher Giri
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, México
| | - Jaime Dueñas-Moreno
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Atlixcáyotl 5718, Puebla de Zaragoza, 72453, Puebla, México
| | - Syed Mohammad Tauseef
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterey, Monterrey, 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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8
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Wee MXJ, Chin BLF, Saptoro A, Yiin CL, Chew JJ, Sunarso J, Yusup S, Sharma A. A review on co-pyrolysis of agriculture biomass and disposable medical face mask waste for green fuel production: recent advances and thermo-kinetic models. Front Chem Sci Eng 2023; 17:1-21. [PMID: 37359292 PMCID: PMC10225287 DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is blessed with agricultural resources, and with the growing population, it will continue to prosper, which follows the abundance of agricultural biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass attracted researchers' interest in extracting bio-oil from these wastes. However, the resulting bio-oil has low heating values and undesirable physical properties. Hence, co-pyrolysis with plastic or polymer wastes is adopted to improve the yield and quality of the bio-oil. Furthermore, with the spread of the novel coronavirus, the surge of single-use plastic waste such as disposable medical face mask, can potentially set back the previous plastic waste reduction measures. Therefore, studies of existing technologies and techniques are referred in exploring the potential of disposable medical face mask waste as a candidate for co-pyrolysis with biomass. Process parameters, utilisation of catalysts and technologies are key factors in improving and optimising the process to achieve commercial standard of liquid fuel. Catalytic co-pyrolysis involves a series of complex mechanisms, which cannot be explained using simple iso-conversional models. Hence, advanced conversional models are introduced, followed by the evolutionary models and predictive models, which can solve the non-linear catalytic co-pyrolysis reaction kinetics. The outlook and challenges for the topic are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin X. J. Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, 98009 Malaysia
| | - Bridgid L. F. Chin
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, 98009 Malaysia
- Energy and Environment Research Cluster, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, 98009 Malaysia
| | - Agus Saptoro
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, Miri, 98009 Malaysia
| | - Chung L. Yiin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, 94300 Malaysia
- Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Kota Samarahan, 94300 Malaysia
| | - Jiuan J. Chew
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, 93350 Malaysia
| | - Jaka Sunarso
- Research Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching, 93350 Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Generation Unit (Fuel Technology & Combustion), Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Research Sdn Bhd, Kajang, 43000 Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007 India
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000 Australia
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9
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Sudalaimuthu P, Sathyamurthy R. The clean energy aspect of plastic waste - hydrogen gas production, CO 2 reforming, and plastic waste management coincide with catalytic pyrolysis - an extensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:66559-66584. [PMID: 37133666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Clean hydrogen has future fuel capable of receiving an abundance of carbon-neutral energy from hydrogen. In the recent world, new hydrogen affirmation projects have been launched for a green environment. On another side, plastic waste and CO2 threaten the green environment. Vacuum in plastic waste management, plastic waste leads to exhibiting harmful chemicals to the environment. The growth rate of the CO2 concentration in air is 2.45 ppm per year, steadily increasing in 2022. It is realized that uneven climate change, temperature raising the global level, ocean mean level raising, and frequent acidification are dangerous to living and ecosystems. This review discussed tackling multiple harmful environmental fatly by pyrolysis techniques; catalytic pyrolysis is almost reaching the commercialization stage. Recent pyrolysis upgradation methods with hydrogen gas production and the continuous development and execution of sustainable solutions for plastic waste management and CO2 reforming are discussed. Production of carbon nanotubes by plastic waste, the importance of catalyst modification, and the effect of catalyst deactivation are discussed. From this study, integrating the different applications with catalytic modification creates room for multipurpose pyrolysis, CO2 reforming, and hydrogen gas production by pyrolysis techniques capable of giving a sustainable solution for climate change issues and a clean environment. Additionally, carbon utilization by way of carbon nanotube production is also done. Overall, the review supports achieving clean energy from plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaiah Sudalaimuthu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Energy Sciences and Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Arasur, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravishankar Sathyamurthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- IRC-Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Long X, Lu Y, Guo H, Tang Y. Recent Advances in Solid Residues Resource Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Long
- Shaanxi Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Application Development Engineering Technology Research Center Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China
| | - Ying‐Lei Lu
- Shaanxi Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Application Development Engineering Technology Research Center Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China
| | - Hui Guo
- Shaanxi Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Application Development Engineering Technology Research Center Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China
| | - Yu‐Ping Tang
- Shaanxi Qinling Chinese Herbal Medicine Application Development Engineering Technology Research Center Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046 China
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11
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Prasertpong P, Onsree T, Khuenkaeo N, Tippayawong N, Lauterbach J. Exposing and understanding synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste via machine learning. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128419. [PMID: 36462765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During co-pyrolysis of biomass with plastic waste, bio-oil yields (BOY) could be either induced or reduced significantly via synergistic effects (SE). However, investigating/ interpreting the SE and BOY in multidimensional domains is complicated and limited. This work applied XGBoost machine-learning and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to develop interpretable/ explainable models for predicting BOY and SE from co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic waste using 26 input features. Imbalanced training datasets were improved by synthetic minority over-sampling technique. The prediction accuracy of XGBoost models was nearly 0.90 R2 for BOY while greater than 0.85 R2 for SE. By SHAP, individual impact and interaction of input features on the XGBoost models can be achieved. Although reaction temperature and biomass-to-plastic ratio were the top two important features, overall contributions of feedstock characteristics were more than 60 % in the system of co-pyrolysis. The finding provides a better understanding of co-pyrolysis and a way of further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapaporn Prasertpong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 12120, Thailand
| | - Thossaporn Onsree
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nattawut Khuenkaeo
- Graduate Program in Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Tippayawong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Jochen Lauterbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
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12
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Page JR, Manfredi Z, Bliznakov S, Valla JA. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Upgrading of Bio-Oil Model Compounds and Bio-Oils to Renewable Fuels and Platform Chemicals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:394. [PMID: 36614733 PMCID: PMC9822173 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable production of renewable carbon-based fuels and chemicals remains a necessary but immense challenge in the fight against climate change. Bio-oil derived from lignocellulosic biomass requires energy-intense upgrading to produce usable fuels or chemicals. Traditional upgrading methods such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) require high temperatures (200−400 °C) and 200 bar of external hydrogen. Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH), on the other hand, operates at low temperatures (<80 °C), ambient pressure, and does not require an external hydrogen source. These environmental and economically favorable conditions make ECH a promising alternative to conventional thermochemical upgrading processes. ECH combines renewable electricity with biomass conversion and harnesses intermediately generated electricity to produce drop-in biofuels. This review aims to summarize recent studies on bio-oil upgrading using ECH focusing on the development of novel catalytic materials and factors impacting ECH efficiency and products. Here, electrode design, reaction temperature, applied overpotential, and electrolytes are analyzed for their impacts on overall ECH performance. We find that through careful reaction optimization and electrode design, ECH reactions can be tailored to be efficient and selective for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Preliminary economic and environmental assessments have shown that ECH can be viable alternative to convention upgrading technologies with the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 3 times compared to thermochemical upgrading. While the field of electrochemical upgrading of bio-oil has additional challenges before commercialization, this review finds ECH a promising avenue to produce renewable carbon-based drop-in biofuels. Finally, based on the analyses presented in this review, directions for future research areas and optimization are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Page
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zachary Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Rd, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Stoyan Bliznakov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Julia A. Valla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Rd, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, 44 Weaver Rd, Unit 5233, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Liu P, Lang P, Lu A, Li Y, Li X, Sun T, Yang Y, Li H, Lei T. Effect of Evolution of Carbon Structure during Torrefaction in Woody Biomass on Thermal Degradation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16831. [PMID: 36554711 PMCID: PMC9778843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Torrefaction is an effective method for upgrading biomass. Cedar torrefaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor at the temperature of 200-300 °C. The structural parameters are obtained from elemental analysis and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Thermal degradation behavior of raw and torrefied cedar is monitored by thermogravimetry analysis. The results show that carbon structure varied during torrefaction has a significant effect on thermal degradation of cedar. Some unstable oxygen functional groups, such as C1 of hemicellulose, β-O-4 linked bonds, and amorphous C6 of cellulose, are decomposed at mild torrefaction of torrefied temperature ≤ 200 °C. The temperature of maximum weight loss rate increases from 348 °C of raw cedar to 373 °C of C-200. The amorphous cellulose is partly re-crystallized at moderate torrefaction of torrefied temperature 200-250 °C. The aromaticity of torrefied cedar increases from 0.45 of C-200 to 0.73 of C-250. The covalent bond in the side chain of aromatic rings in cedar was further broken during torrefaction at severe torrefaction of torrefied temperature 250-300 °C. The area percentage of DTG mainly signed at 387 °C of C-300. The proton aromatic carbon increases from 12.35% of C-250 to 21.69% of C-300. These results will further facilitate the utilization of biomass for replacing fossil fuel to drive carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Panpan Lang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ailing Lu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yanling Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Tanglei Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green-Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Changzhou 213164, China
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14
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Lee S, Jung S, Kwon EE. Catalytic pyrolysis for upgrading silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis) and carbon dioxide into flammable gases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128153. [PMID: 36270387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a sustainable hydrogen production platform using a fast-growing and inedible biomass waste, silver grass (Miscanthus sinensis). Pyrolysis of silver grass waste (SGW) was investigated using CO2 as a co-feedstock, focusing on the distribution of hydrogen in different products. When the catalyst was absent, hydrogen element distribution to H2 gas during pyrolysis of SGW at 800 °C reached 10 wt%. During pyrolysis with the Ni/SiO2 catalyst, 60.3 wt% of hydrogen was converted into H2 gas, and 7.3 wt% of hydrogen was distributed in gaseous hydrocarbons at 600 °C. Owing to the addition of CO2, CO production was promoted by the catalytic conversion of CO2 and volatile matter. Notably, CO2 has been proven to be a useful reactant for producing value-added CO. Thus, catalytic pyrolysis in the presence of CO2 can be considered as a renewable approach to produce flammable gases with the mitigation of CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Hikmah Zulkafli A, Hassan H, Azmier Ahmad M, Taufik Mohd Din A, Maryam Wasli S. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics for production of chemicals and liquid fuel: A review on the role of plastics and catalyst types. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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16
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Value-Added Products from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Waste Plastics over Biochar-Based Catalyst: A State-of-the-Art Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As the only renewable carbon resource on Earth, lignocellulosic biomass is abundant in reserves and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low price, and easy availability. The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass can generate solid biochar with a large specific surface area, well-developed pores, and plentiful surface functional groups. Therefore, it can be considered as a catalyst for upgrading the other two products, syngas and liquid bio-oil, from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis, which has the potential to be an alternative to some non-renewable and expensive conventional catalysts. In addition, as another carbon resource, waste plastics can also use biochar-based catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis to solve the problem of accumulation and produce fuels simultaneously. This review systematically introduces the formation mechanism of biochar from lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Subsequently, the activation and modification methods of biochar catalysts, including physical activation, chemical activation, metal modification, and nonmetallic modification, are summarized. Finally, the application of biochar-based catalysts for lignocellulosic biomass and waste plastics pyrolysis is discussed in detail and the catalytic mechanism of biochar-based catalysts is also investigated.
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17
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Kassa Dada T, Vuppaladadiyam A, Xiaofei Duan A, Kumar R, Antunes E. Probing the effect of Cu-SrO loading on catalyst supports (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, activated carbon, Al 2O 3, and ZrO2) for aromatics production during catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste cooking oil. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127515. [PMID: 35764281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Cu-SrO bimetallic catalyst was synthesised and examined for catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark (IB) and waste cooking oil (WCO) using Py-GC/MS. The effect of catalyst supports (ZSM-5, Y-zeolite, activated carbon, Al2O3, and ZrO2) on aromatic hydrocarbons yield was studied. The effect of catalyst support on the selectivity of gasoline (C8-C14), diesel (C15-C17), and heavy oil (>C20) components of bio-oil were studied. Non-catalytic co-pyrolysis of IB and WCO produced a heavy oil component of 58.7% (>C20). SrO initiated a ketonization reaction that converted carboxylic acids into new C-C bonds. The addition of Cu effectively promoted secondary cracking and aromatization reactions enhancing the hydrocarbon yield. Cu-SrO/ZSM-5 and Cu-SrO/Y-zeolite produced low acid content of 4.43% and 12.5%, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic catalyst Cu-SrO/ZSM-5 significantly increased the amount of C8-C14 compounds to 87.28% and reduced compounds over C20 to 1.19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Kassa Dada
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Arun Vuppaladadiyam
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Alex Xiaofei Duan
- Melbourne Trace Analysis for Chemical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (TrACEES) Platform and School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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18
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Siddiqi H, Mishra A, Maiti P, Dipamitra Behera I, Meikap BC. In-situ and ex-situ co-pyrolysis studies of waste biomass with spent motor oil: Elucidating the role of physical inhibition and mixing ratio to enhance fuel quality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127364. [PMID: 35618191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous renewable energy generation is an imperative part of sustainable hazardous waste management. Therefore, the present work explicates the co-pyrolysis of rice stubble (RS) waste biomass and spent motor oil (SMO) to upgrade the obtained bio-oil. Moreover, two different modes, namely, in-situ and ex-situ, were implemented to analyze the effect of physical inhibition. Monothetic analysis approach was followed to determine optimum process conditions. A substantial increment of ∼ 85% was observed in bio-oil yield for RS: SMO (1:1) in-situ operation whilst the only RS biomass pyrolysis. Moreover, the HHV increased by ∼ 2.15 times after co-pyrolysis with a considerable reduction (62.70%) in water content. Consequently, the paraffin content increased to 79.14 vol% with an iso-paraffin index of 0.285. Subsequently, a possible reaction mechanism is also proposed to evaluate results comprehensively. Altogether, the co-pyrolysis of these feedstocks resulted in improved aliphatic content and reduced oxygenates, encouraging its adequacy as an alternate fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Siddiqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Asmita Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Payal Maiti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ipsita Dipamitra Behera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - B C Meikap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
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19
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Wang Z, An S, Zhao J, Sun P, Lyu H, Kong W, Shen B. Plastic regulates its co-pyrolysis process with biomass: Influencing factors, model calculations, and mechanisms. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.964936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of plastics and biomass can effectively improve the quality of bio-oil and solve the problem of plastic pollution. However, synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis on kinetics and the role of biomass H/Ceff in co-pyrolysis are still not conclusive. In this work, the co-pyrolysis synergistic effects of three different hydrogen-to-carbon ratio (H/Ceff) of biomass-rice husk (RH), sugarcane bagasse (SUG), and poplar wood (PW) with hydrogen-rich polypropylene (PP) were studied using a thermogravimetric method. The total synergy degree (φ) and the difference between experimental and theoretical weight losses (ΔW) were defined, and the activation energies of various experimental materials were calculated by the isoconversional method. The results showed that the addition of PP reduced the dependence of product species on biomass H/Ceff during co-pyrolysis. The synergistic effect of biomass and PP was related to biomass types, pyrolysis temperature, and mass ratio of biomass to PP. The mixture of SUG and PP showed positive synergistic effect at all mass ratios. Simultaneously, at the low temperature of pyrolysis, the synergistic effect is inhibited in all mixtures, which might be due to the melting of PP. Kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy could be reduced by 11.14–31.78% by co-pyrolysis with biomass and PP. A multi-step mechanism was observed in both the pyrolysis of a single sample and the co-pyrolysis of a mixture, according to Criado’s schematic analysis.
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20
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Abstract
Continuous urbanization and modernization have increased the burning of fossil fuels to meet energy needs across the globe, emanating environmental pollution and depleting fossil fuels. Therefore, a shift towards sustainable and renewable energy is necessary. Several techniques to exploit biomass to yield energy are trending, with pyrolysis one of them. Usually, a single feedstock is employed in pyrolysis for anoxygenic generation of biochar together with bio-oil at elevated temperatures (350–600 °C). Bio-oil produced through pyrolysis can be upgraded to crude oil after some modification. However, these modifications of bio-oil are one of the major drawbacks for its large-scale adoption, as upgradation increases the overall cost. Therefore, in recent years the scientific community has been researching co-pyrolysis technology that involves the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste with non-biodegradable waste. Co-pyrolysis reduces the need for post-modification of bio-oil, unlike pyrolysis of a single feedstock. This review article discusses the recent advancements and technological challenges in waste biomass co-pyrolysis, the mechanism of co-pyrolysis, and factors that affect co-pyrolysis. The current study critically analyzes different recent research articles presented in databases such as PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, Springer, etc. Hence, this review is one-of-a-kind in that it attempts to explain each and every aspect of the co-pyrolysis process and its current progress in the scientific field. Consequently, this review also compiles the remarkable achievements in co-pyrolysis and recommendations for the future.
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21
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Visible-Light-Active Zn–Fe Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the Photocatalytic Conversion of Rice Husk Extract to Value-Added Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the major causes of excess CO2 in the atmosphere is the direct burning of biomass waste, which can be obviated by the photocatalytic biomass conversion to useful/valuable chemicals/fuels, a sustainable and renewable approach. The present research work is focused on the development of a novel Zn–Fe LDH by a simple co-precipitation method and its utilization for the photocatalytic conversion of a rice husk extract (extracted from rice husk by means of pyrolysis) to value-added products. The synthesized, pure Zn–Fe LDH was characterized by various analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV–Visible DRS spectroscopy. The rice husk extract was converted in a photocatalytic reactor under irradiation with 75 W white light, and the valued-added chemicals were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It was found that the compounds in the rice husk extract before the photocatalytic reaction were mainly carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, alkanes (in a small amount), aldehydes, ketones, and amines. After the photocatalytic reaction, all the carboxylic acids and phenols were completely converted into alkanes by complex reactions. Hence, photocatalytic biomass conversion of a rice husk extract was successfully carried out in the present experimental work, opening new avenues for the development of related research domains, with a great potential for obtaining an alternate fuel and overcoming environmental pollution.
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22
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Su G, Ong HC, Mofijur M, Mahlia TMI, Ok YS. Pyrolysis of waste oils for the production of biofuels: A critical review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127396. [PMID: 34673394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of waste oils as pyrolysis feedstocks to produce high-grade biofuels is receiving extensive attention, which will diversify energy supplies and address environmental challenges caused by waste oils treatment and fossil fuel combustion. Waste oils are the optimal raw materials to produce biofuels due to their high hydrogen and volatile matter content. However, traditional disposal methods such as gasification, transesterification, hydrotreating, solvent extraction, and membrane technology are difficult to achieve satisfactory effects owing to shortcomings like enormous energy demand, long process time, high operational cost, and hazardous material pollution. The usage of clean and safe pyrolysis technology can break through the current predicament. The bio-oil produced by the conventional pyrolysis of waste oils has a high yield and HHV with great potential to replace fossil fuel, but contains a high acid value of about 120 mg KOH/g. Nevertheless, the application of CaO and NaOH can significantly decrease the acid value of bio-oil to close to zero. Additionally, the addition of coexisting bifunctional catalyst, SBA-15@MgO@Zn in particular, can simultaneously reduce the acid value and positively influence the yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, co-pyrolysis with plastic waste can effectively save energy and time, and improve bio-oil yield and quality. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the production of biofuels using conventional and advanced pyrolysis of waste oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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23
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Wan Mahari WA, Awang S, Zahariman NAZ, Peng W, Man M, Park YK, Lee J, Sonne C, Lam SS. Microwave co-pyrolysis for simultaneous disposal of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste, lignocellulosic, and triglyceride biowaste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127096. [PMID: 34523477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microwave co-pyrolysis was examined as an approach for simultaneous reduction and treatment of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste (HPW), lignocellulosic (palm kernel shell, PKS) and triglycerides (waste vegetable oil, WVO) biowaste as co-feedstock. The co-pyrolysis demonstrated faster heating rate (16-43 °C/min) compared to microwave pyrolysis of single feedstock (9-17 °C/min). Microwave co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO performed at 1:1 ratio produced a higher yield (80.5 wt%) of hydrocarbon liquid fuel compared to HPW/PKS (78.2 wt%). The liquid oil possessed a low nitrogen content (< 4 wt%) and free of sulfur that could reduce the release of hazardous pollutants during its use as fuel in combustion. In particular, the liquid oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO has low oxygenated compounds (< 16%) leading to reduction in generation of potentially hazardous sludge or problematic acidic tar during oil storage. Insignificant amount of benzene derivatives (< 1%) was also found in the liquid oil, indicating the desirable feature of this pyrolysis approach to suppress the formation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Microwave co-pyrolysis of HPW/WVO improved the yield and properties of liquid oil for potential use as a cleaner fuel, whereas the liquid oil from co-pyrolysis of HPW/PKS is applicable in the synthesis of phenolic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Syafikah Awang
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Alifah Zakirah Zahariman
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - Mustafa Man
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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24
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Improving hydrocarbons production via catalytic co-pyrolysis of torrefied-biomass with plastics and dual catalytic pyrolysis. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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He Y, Luo Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Fan M, Li Q. High value utilization of biomass: selective catalytic transformation of lignocellulose into bio-based 2,5-dimethylphenol. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of high-value biochemical 2,5-dimethylphenol was constructed by lignocellulose catalytic pyrolysis and selective hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting He
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuehui Luo
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Minghui Fan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Quanxin Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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26
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Zhu L, Luo Y, He Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Fan M, Li Q. Selective catalytic synthesis of bio-based high value chemical of benzoic acid from xylan with Co2MnO4@MCM-41 catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Su G, Ong HC, Gan YY, Chen WH, Chong CT, Ok YS. Co-pyrolysis of microalgae and other biomass wastes for the production of high-quality bio-oil: Progress and prospective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126096. [PMID: 34626763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the most prospective raw materials for the production of biofuels, pyrolysis is an effective method to convert biomass into bioenergy. However, biofuels derived from the pyrolysis of microalgae exhibit poor fuel properties due to high content of moisture and protein. Co-pyrolysis is a simple and efficient method to produce high-quality bio-oil from two or more materials. Tires, plastics, and bamboo waste are the optimal co-feedstocks based on the improvement of yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, adding catalysts, especially CaO and Cu/HZSM-5, can enhance the quality of bio-oil by increasing aromatics content and decreasing oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds. Consequently, this paper provides a critical review of the production of bio-oil from co-pyrolysis of microalgae with other biomass wastes. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism of synergistic effects and the catalytic effect on co-pyrolysis are discussed. Finally, the economic viability and prospects of microalgae co-pyrolysis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yong Yang Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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28
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Ding Z, Liu J, Chen H, Huang S, Evrendilek F, He Y, Zheng L. Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149397. [PMID: 34371397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB) in terms of their performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products. The pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics with its high calorific value and low ash content can offset the poor mono-pyrolytic performance of TDS. The synergistic mechanisms occurred mainly in the range of 400-550 °C. The addition of 10% SY or MB achieved the best co-pyrolysis performance with the lowest activation energy. The co-pyrolysis increased the contents of CH4 and CH but reduced CO2 emission. The co-pyrolysis released more fatty hydrocarbons, alcohols, and cyclic hydrocarbon during but reduced the yields of ethers and furans, through the synergistic mechanisms. The addition of the polyolefin plastics made the micro surface particles of chars smaller and looser. Our results can benefit energy utilization, pollution control, and optimal operational conditions for the industrial thermochemical conversions of hazardous wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huashan Chen
- Guoke (Foshan) Testing and Certification Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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29
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Oh S, Lee J, Lam SS, Kwon EE, Ha JM, Tsang DCW, Ok YS, Chen WH, Park YK. Fast hydropyrolysis of biomass Conversion: A comparative review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:126067. [PMID: 34601023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that fast hydropyrolysis (i.e., pyrolysis under hydrogen atmosphere operating at a rapid heating rate) is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into liquid fuels (e.g., bio-oil and C4+ hydrocarbons). This pyrolysis approach is reported to be more effective than conventional fast pyrolysis in producing aromatic hydrocarbons and also lowering the oxygen content of the bio-oil obtained compared to hydrodeoxygenation (a common bio-oil upgrading method). Based on current literature, various non-catalytic and catalytic fast hydropyrolysis processes are reviewed and discussed. Efforts to combine fast hydropyrolysis and hydrotreatment process are also highlighted. Points to be considered for future research into fast hydropyrolysis and pending challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering & Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Myeong Ha
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Jia Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Lou C, Xiao B, Lim M. Visualization of Combustion Phases of Biomass Particles: Effects of Fuel Properties. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27702-27710. [PMID: 34722970 PMCID: PMC8552231 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work established a high-speed camera-assisted visualization system that investigated the effect of volatile matter and fixed carbon content in biomass particles on single-particle combustion phases and their luminous properties. Three types of biomass particles, namely, sawdust (a mixture of pine and willow), corncob, and rice husk, were examined on a Hencken flat-flame burner. The luminous region and intensity of single biomass particles were closely related to the flammability and calorific value of biomass fuel and derived by analyzing a sequence of images captured using a high-speed camera. The combustion temperature was determined through analysis of its radiant energy. The results showed that the ignition mechanisms of volatile matter and fixed carbon corresponded to homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, respectively. The maximum luminous region values of 1.75 × 106, 2.1 × 106, and 1.0 × 106 μm2 for sawdust (SD), corncob (CC), and rice husk (RH) correlated to the volatile matter content of each biomass sample, which was 69.38, 74.15, and 64.56%, respectively. Because of the high fixed carbon content, the peak temperature of the SD particles could reach 1549 °C. The luminous region and intensity of the combusting particles were significantly affected by the volatile matter and fixed carbon, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Jia
- School
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhicong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- School
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xun Wang
- School
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chun Lou
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- School
of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mooktzeng Lim
- Biomass
and Plasma Technologies, Renewable Energy and Green Technology, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Research Institution Area, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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31
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Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang L. Recent Progress in the Chemical Upcycling of Plastic Wastes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4137-4151. [PMID: 34003585 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The massive generation of plastic wastes without satisfactory treatment has induced severe environmental problems and gained increasing attentions. In this Minireview, recent progresses in the chemical upcycling of plastic wastes by using various methods (mainly in the past three to five years) is summarized. The chemical upcycling of plastic wastes points out a "plastic-based refinery" concept, which is to use the plastic wastes as platform feedstocks to produce highly valuable monomeric or oligomeric compounds, putting the plastic wastes back into a circular economy. The different chemical methods to upcycle plastic wastes, including hydrogenolysis, photocatalysis, pyrolysis, solvolysis, and others, are introduced in each section to valorize diverse plastic feedstocks into value-added chemicals, materials, or fuels. In addition, other emerging technologies as well as the new generation of plastic thermosets are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Rd, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Yudi Wang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Rd, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Rd, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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32
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Xue S, Luo Z, Zhou Q, Sun H, Du L. Regulation mechanism of three key parameters on catalytic characterization of molybdenum modified bimetallic micro-mesoporous catalysts during catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125396. [PMID: 34139559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Novel preparation of molybdenum modified bimetallic micro-mesoporous catalyst was proposed innovatively to conduct catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin. The optimal catalytic characterization of the prepared catalyst was attributed to appropriate porous structure, the interaction between zeolite support and metal species, and the synergetic and stable mechanism of bimetallic active sites. With the incorporation of metal species into micro-mesoporous catalyst, the distribution of active sites experienced a regulation, which contributed to MAHs production and cracking of oxygen-containing substances. NiMo/AZM catalyst exhibited the most obvious coke inhibition effect (8.47 wt% of mass yield) and converted more high-ordered graphite carbon to low-ordered one, so as to make it easier to remove and prolong the catalyst lifetime, and obtained the highest mass yield of MAHs (13.15 wt%) as well as the minimum selectivity of bulky oxygenates (3.82%), which was the joint contribution of three key parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhongyang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, Hangzhou 310027, China
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33
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Yang P, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Hu J, Liu R, Huang Z, Gao Y. Synergistic effect of the cotton stalk and high-ash coal on gas production during co-pyrolysis/gasification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125336. [PMID: 34082337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effect of the cotton stalk (CS) and the high-ash coal (HAC) on the gas production in the co-pyrolysis/gasification processes was studied using the newly designed quartz boat in this work. The gas yield and the concentrations of main gas components were quantitatively compared between the co-pyrolysis/gasification and the individual pyrolysis/gasification. The results showed that the gas yield during the co-pyrolysis was promoted at 950℃. There was almost no interaction between CS and HAC, since the co-pyrolytic gas yield exhibited a linear relationship with CS mixing ratio of 20% to 60%. The catalytic effect of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals that existed in CS, was enhanced by the addition of steam, and the synergistic effect was reduced while gas yield was enhanced with CS blending ratio increasing during co-gasification. The results provided a method to enhance synergistic effect between biomass and coal during co-pyrolysis/gasification in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shuheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Ronghou Liu
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, CAS, No.2 Nengyuan Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou,510640, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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34
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Co-pyrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch and oil palm frond with low-density polyethylene and polypropylene for bio-oil production. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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35
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Su G, Ong HC, Ibrahim S, Fattah IMR, Mofijur M, Chong CT. Valorisation of medical waste through pyrolysis for a cleaner environment: Progress and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116934. [PMID: 33744627 PMCID: PMC9756756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted great shocks and challenges to the environment, society and economy. Simultaneously, an intractable issue appeared: a considerable number of hazardous medical wastes have been generated from the hospitals, clinics, and other health care facilities, constituting a serious threat to public health and environmental sustainability without proper management. Traditional disposal methods like incineration, landfill and autoclaving are unable to reduce environmental burden due to the issues such as toxic gas release, large land occupation, and unsustainability. While the application of clean and safe pyrolysis technology on the medical wastes treatment to produce high-grade bioproducts has the potential to alleviate the situation. Besides, medical wastes are excellent and ideal raw materials, which possess high hydrogen, carbon content and heating value. Consequently, pyrolysis of medical wastes can deal with wastes and generate valuable products like bio-oil and biochar. Consequently, this paper presents a critical and comprehensive review of the pyrolysis of medical wastes. It demonstrates the feasibility of pyrolysis, which mainly includes pyrolysis characteristics, product properties, related problems, the prospects and future challenges of pyrolysis of medical wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Shaliza Ibrahim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I M Rizwanul Fattah
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - M Mofijur
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai, 201306, China
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36
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Gin A, Hassan H, Ahmad M, Hameed B, Mohd Din A. Recent progress on catalytic co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuel: The influence of technical and reaction kinetic parameters. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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37
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Farooq A, Moogi S, Kwon EE, Lee J, Kim YM, Jae J, Jung SC, Park YK. Catalytic upgrading of Quercus Mongolica under methane environment to obtain high yield of bioaromatics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116016. [PMID: 33248830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the impact of pyrolysis medium and catalyst on the production of bio-BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) from Quercus Mongolica (Q. Mongolica) via catalytic pyrolysis. Two different pyrolysis media (N2 and CH4) and five different zeolite catalysts (HY, HBeta, HZSM-5, 1 wt% Ni/HZSM-5, and 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5) were considered for the Q. Mongolica pyrolysis. The HZSM-5 yielded more BTX than the HY and HBeta due to its strong acidity. The employment of CH4 as the pyrolysis medium improved the BTX yield (e.g., 2.7 times higher total BTX yield in CH4 than in N2) and resulted in low coke yield (e.g., 5.27% for N2-pyrolysis and 2.57% for CH4-pyrolysis) because the CH4-drived hydrogen simulated a hydropyrolysis condition and facilitated dehydroaromatization reaction. CH4 also led to direct coupling, Diels-Alder, and co-aromatization reactions during the pyrolysis, contributing to enhancing the BTX yield. The addition of Ga to the HZSM-5 could further increase the BTX yield by means of facilitating hydrocracking/demethylation and methyl radical formation from CH4 assisting the generation of >C2 alkenes that could be further converted into BTX on acid sites of the HZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Farooq
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendar Moogi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Xu D, Yang S, Su Y, Shi L, Zhang S, Xiong Y. Simultaneous production of aromatics-rich bio-oil and carbon nanomaterials from catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass/plastic wastes and in-line catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis gas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:95-104. [PMID: 33360310 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An integrated process that includes catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass/plastic wastes and in-line catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis gas were conducted to simultaneously produce aromatics-rich bio-oil and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The influences of feedstocks blending ratio on the characteristics of bio-oil and CNTs were established. The reaction mechanism of carbon deposition during the system was also probed. The results showed that co-feeding plastic to biomass siginificantly enhanced the selectivity of monoaromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene) from 5.6% for pure biomass to the maximum yield of 44.4% for 75.0% plastic ratio, and decreased naphthalene and its derivates from 85.9 to 41.7% correspondingly. The most synergistic effect on BTX selectivity occurred at 25% of plastic ratio. The multi-walled CNTs were successfully synethsized on Ni catalyst by utilizing prolysis gas as feedstocks. For pure biomass, the least CNTs yield with ultrafine diameters of 3.9-8.5 nm was generated via disproportionation reaction of CO which was derived from decarboxylation and decarbonylation of oxygenates on the ZSM-5 acid sites. With the rise of plastic ratio, sufficient hydrocarbons were produced for CNTs growth, endowing CNTs with long and straight tube walls, along with uniform diameters (~16 nm). The CNTs yield increased as high as 139 mg/g-cata. In addition, the decreased CO2 inhibited dry reforming with C1-C4 hydrocarbons and deposited carbon, avoiding excessive etching of CNTs. Thereby, high-purity CNTs with less defects were fabricated when plastic ratio was beyond 50% in the feedstock. The strategy is expected to improve the sustainability and economic viability of biomass pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yinhai Su
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yuanquan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Rajagopal J, Gopinath KP, Krishnan A, Vikas Madhav N, Arun J. Photocatalytic reforming of aqueous phase obtained from liquefaction of household mixed waste biomass for renewable bio-hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124529. [PMID: 33321296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydrothermal liquefaction of household waste was performed to produce valuable liquid hydrocarbons with aqueous phase as by-product. Photocatalytic reforming of aqueous phase was carried out for hydrogen production. Liquefaction of 15 g waste at temperature of 320 °C and solvent to biomass ratio of 13.33 mL/g produced bio-oil of 32.4 wt% and hydrogen 21 wt% in gas product. Hydrogen production from aqueous phase was studied in presence of various concentrations of activated carbon doped Fe/TiO2 catalyst (0.2-1 wt%). Hydrogen yield was 32 wt% when 0.6 wt% of catalyst was used to reform aqueous phase. To ease of operation in economical manner the reusability study of the catalyst was evaluated and it was found to be active for three consecutive cycles. As outcome of this study, household waste can serve for a whooping amount of hydrogen (53 wt%) production via liquefaction and photocatalytic reforming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Rajagopal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abhishek Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Vikas Madhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaseelan Arun
- Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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40
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Bu Q, Cao M, Wang M, Zhang X, Mao H. The effect of torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production from co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low density polyethylene via microwave-assisted heating. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142174. [PMID: 32916498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of microwave torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production from microwave co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low density polyethylene (LDPE). FTIR analysis displayed remarkable reductions of active hydroxyl and ether groups in microwave torrefied cellulose (MTC), demonstrating that cellulose was less stable than MTC. GC/MS analysis indicated that the hydrocarbons content was ranged from 18.36% to 54.94% in the obtained bio-oils under different conditions, and the maximum hydrocarbons content (54.94%) which also contained the highest aromatic hydrocarbons (19.49%) was obtained from MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis. Microwave-assisted Thermogravimetric analyzer (MW-TGA) analysis showed that MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis apparently shifted the major thermal degradation to a lower temperature area, an evident synergistic effect was observed during MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis. Kinetics study revealed that the activation energy was significantly reduced from 97.87 kJ/mol to 63.86 kJ/mol for co-pyrolysis and MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Mengjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Atanda L, Fraga GLL, Ahmed MHM, Alothman ZA, Na J, Batalha N, Aslam W, Konarova M. Conversion of agricultural waste into stable biocrude using spinel oxide catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123539. [PMID: 32738784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomass, the feedstock for biocrude and ultimately renewable diesel is a low energy density feedstock. The transport of this feedstock over long distance has been proven to be a major burden on the commercialisation of biorefining. Therefore, it has been generally accepted that biomass should be upgraded to biocrude (a relatively high energy density liquid) in close proximity to the biomass sources. The biocrude liquid would then be transported to a biorefinery. Biocrude contains large amounts of oxygen (generally up to 38 wt%) that is removed from the crude in the refining process. In this study, we have synthesised a range of spinel oxide based catalysts to remove oxygen from the biocrude during the catalytic fast pyrolysis. The activity of spinel oxide (MgB2O4 where B = Fe, Al, Cr, Ga, La, Y, In) catalysts were screened for the pyrolysis reaction. While all the tested spinel oxides deoxygenated the pyrolysis vapour, MgCr2O4 was found to be effective in terms of oxygen removal efficiency relative to the quantity of bio oil produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman Atanda
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | | | - Mohamed H M Ahmed
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Zeid A Alothman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Nuno Batalha
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Waqas Aslam
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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Lee DJ, Lu JS, Chang JS. Pyrolysis synergy of municipal solid waste (MSW): A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:123912. [PMID: 32741699 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) were recently explored. This review aims to provide an overview on the synergistic pyrolysis studies of MSW, focusing on the synergy occurred during co-pyrolysis of different constituents of MSW. The interactions of intermediates released during pyrolysis can shift end product distributions, accelerate pyrolysis rates, and preferred production of specific compounds, which were categorized into four basic types with discussions. The pyrolysis synergy is proposed to be the key for success of pyrolytic practice of MSW that can handle the waste with maximal resource recovery and minimal carbon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Shun Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Li K, Zhang G, Wang ZX, Hu B, Lu Q. Calcium formate assisted catalytic pyrolysis of pine for enhanced production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons over bimetal-modified HZSM-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123805. [PMID: 32668348 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient process was developed to selectively produce monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) from ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of pine assisted with calcium formate (CF) over bimetal-modified HZSM-5. Mo and another metal (Mg, Ga or Zn) were used to modify the HZSM-5, and the as-synthesized bimetal-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were utilized for both pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and lab-scale CFP tests with CF as a hydrogen donor to selectively obtain MAHs. The results revealed that the presence of CF and Mg-Mo modified HZSM-5 (0.5Mg1Mo/HZ) exhibited excellent capability for MAHs production with tiny generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The maximum MAHs yield attained 12.79 wt% at 650 °C from Py-GC/MS with the CF-to-pine (CF-to-PN) ratio of 3 and catalyst-to-pine (CA-to-PN) ratio of 11, and became 9.67 wt% from lab-scale device with CF-to-PN and CA-to-PN ratios of 0.5 and 4, respectively. In addition, compared with HZSM-5, 0.5Mg1Mo/HZ possessed better anti-deactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Moogi S, Jae J, Kannapu HPR, Ahmed A, Park ED, Park YK. Enhancement of aromatics from catalytic pyrolysis of yellow poplar: Role of hydrogen and methane decomposition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123835. [PMID: 32693345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of the pyrolysis environment on BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) production in the catalytic upgrading of yellow poplar pyrolysis vapors. Three different gas environments, N2, CH4, and pre-decomposed CH4 stream (10 wt%-Ni/5 wt%-La2O3-5 wt% CeO2-Al2O3), which is a mixture of H2 (55.62%) and CH4, were studied using two types of zeolite catalysts, HZSM-5, and 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5. The BTEX yields were enhanced linearly in the order N2 < CH4 < CH4 ex-situ decomposition. The highest BTEX yield of 9.58 wt% was obtained under the CH4 ex-situ decomposition environment over 1 wt% Ga/HZSM-5. The methane and hydrocarbons derived from biomass were activated on highly dispersed (GaO)+ sites and transformed smoothly to BTEX by aromatization on the BrØnsted acid sites of Ga/HZSM-5. The hydrogen produced from methane decomposition also assisted in aromatics production through the hydrodeoxygenation of methoxyphenols, guaiacols and catechols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Moogi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jae
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashfaq Ahmed
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Duck Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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