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Chen M, Cao Z, Jing B, Chen W, Wen X, Han M, Wang Y, Liao X, Wu Y, Chen T. The production of methyl mercaptan is the main odor source of chicken manure treated with a vertical aerobic fermenter. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119634. [PMID: 39029729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The process of harmless treatment of livestock manure produces a large amount of odor, which poses a potential threat to human and livestock health. A vertical fermentation tank system is commonly used for the environmentally sound treatment of chicken manure in China, but the composition and concentration of the odor produced and the factors affecting odor emissions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the types and concentrations of odors produced in the mixing room (MR), vertical fermenter (VF), and aging room (AR) of the system, and analyzed the effects of bacterial communities and metabolic genes on odor production. The results revealed that 34, 26 and 26 odors were detected in the VF, MR and AR, respectively. The total odor concentration in the VF was 66613 ± 10097, which was significantly greater than that in the MR (1157 ± 675) and AR (1143 ± 1005) (P < 0.001), suggesting that the VF was the main source of odor in the vertical fermentation tank system. Methyl mercaptan had the greatest contribution to the odor produced by VF, reaching 47.82%, and the concentration was 0.6145 ± 0.2164 mg/m3. The abundance of metabolic genes did not correlate significantly with odor production, but PICRUSt analysis showed that cysteine and methionine metabolism involved in methyl mercaptan production was significantly more enriched in MR and VF than in AR. Bacillus was the most abundant genus in the VF, with a relative abundance significantly greater than that in the MR (P < 0.05). The RDA results revealed that Bacillus was significantly and positively correlated with methyl mercaptan. The use of large-scale aerobic fermentation systems to treat chicken manure needs to focused on the production of methyl mercaptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majian Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Wen's Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, 527400, China
| | - Boyu Jing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meng Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, 525000, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Yi M, Shen Q, Tang J, Sun H. Effects of straws on greenhouse gas emissions in the ectopic fermentation system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122579. [PMID: 39366230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Straws are commonly used padding materials in the ectopic fermentation system, but their effects on greenhouse gas emissions are not well understood. This study compared the effects of rape, rice and corn straws on the fermentation performance of the ectopic fermentation system. Compared with corn straw, the treatment groups with rape straw and rice straw significantly increased the alpha diversity of the fermentation system, and simultaneously mitigated the cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O by up to 32.4% and 93.9%, respectively. The CO2 and N2O peak emission in the treatment group with corn straw reached 1.4 × 106 and 36.2 mg/m2/d, respectively. CH4 peak emission was one order of magnitude lower than that of N2O in the ectopic fermentation system. Redundancy analysis showed that Pseudoxanthomonas sp000510725 was the key specie that positively affect the fermentation temperature, CO2 and N2O emissions in the fermentation system. Nitrogen metabolism genes, such as nosZ, nirK, and nirS were more abundant in the surface layer of the fermentation system, indicating more active nitrogen metabolism in this region, and the core zone could be the primary source of N2O emissions. Those findings indicated that rape and rice straw can be potential padding materials for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in large-scale ectopic fermentation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Middle Road, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qi Shen
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Middle Road, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiangwu Tang
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Middle Road, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 298 Desheng Middle Road, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Xia Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Fu F, Deng H, Zhao Y, Yu H, Ge C. Deciphering how endogenous mangrove litterfall influences organic matters transformation driven by microbes in sediment with exogenous microplastics inputs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135763. [PMID: 39270589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The effects of endogenous mangrove litterfall (MF) inputs on organic matter transformation in sediment polluted by exogenous microplastics (MPs) were investigated in this work, and their linkage with microbial characteristics was also explored. MF inputs significantly affected organic carbon transformation in MPs-polluted sediment by improving humification, enzymatic activities and carbon utilisation capacity of microbes. Such effects were mainly linked with the enrichment of microbes responsible for organic substance decomposition induced by MF inputs. Indeed, MF addition increased the relative abundance of fermentation- and cellulysis-assoicated bacteria, together with Saprotrophic fungi. Moreover, dissolved matters derived from MF played a non-neglected role in regulating organic carbon transformation in MPs-polluted sediment. Besides, MF addition decreased the complexity of bacterial community network in MPs-polluted sediment but fungal community network became complicated. And the complexity of microbial network was MF amount-dependent. Even though stochastic process was dominated in sediment with or without MF, MF inputs enhanced the relative contribution of determinism and reduced the migration of microbial communities. A strong response of sediment microbes to MF affected sedimentary organic matters transformation driven by microbes. This work uncovered linkages between organic carbon transformation and microbes in sediment with endogenous litterfall and exogenous MPs inputs in mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xinran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Faying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Huamei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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4
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Duan Z, Wang Q, Wang T, Kong X, Zhu G, Qiu G, Yu H. Application of microbial agents in organic solid waste composting: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5647-5659. [PMID: 38318758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The rapid growth of organic solid waste has recently exacerbated environmental pollution problems, and its improper treatment has led to the loss of a large number of biomass resources. Here, we expound the advantages of microbial agents composting compared with conventional organic solid waste treatment technology, and review the important role of microbial agents composting in organic solid waste composting from the aspects of screening and identification, optimization of conditions, mechanism of action, combination with other technologies and ultra-high-temperature and ultra-low-temperature microbial composting. We discuss the value of microorganisms with different growth conditions in organic solid waste composting, and put forward a seasonal multi-temperature composite microbial composting technology. Provide new ideas for the all-round treatment of microbial agents in organic solid waste in the future. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Quanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangfen Kong
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guankai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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5
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Zhang S, Gao J, Cai C, Chen J, Li Y, Su X, Sun F, Ye W, Zhang M, Wu S, Yu L, Yu S. Advanced nitrogen removal of sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification from landfill leachate after partial nitrification and denitrification pretreatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121877. [PMID: 39018860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (S0dAD) was employed to remove residual nitrogen from the biological effluent of landfill leachate after partial nitrification and denitrification pretreatment. The performance of S0dAD were assessed with various NOx--N (NO2--N and NO3--N) loadings over a 185-day operational period. The results demonstrated that a notable NOx--N removal efficiency of 97.8 ± 2.0% was achieved under nitrogen removal rates of 0.12 ± 0.02 kg N/(m3· d), leading to total nitrogen concentrations of 8.6 ± 3.8 mg/L in the effluent. Batch experiments revealed competitive utilization of nitrogenous electron acceptors, with NO2--N demonstrating 2-4 times higher denitrification rates than NO3--N under coexistence conditions. Genus-level microbial community identified that Thiobacillus and Sulfurovum was highly enriched with as key denitrifying bacteria in the S0dAD system. These findings provide insights for advanced nitrogen removal coupling S0dAD with partial nitrification and denitrification process for landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China; Management Center of Wuyanling National Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, Wenzhou, 325500, China
| | - Junliang Gao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chuanyu Cai
- Zhejiang Huge Waste Management Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, 311113, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Zhejiang Haihe Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Jinhua, 321017, China
| | - Yilin Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Longquan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, 323799, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songwei Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Quzhou University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Shengwu Yu
- Longquan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Longquan, 323799, China.
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6
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Guo F, Wang C, Wang S, Wu S, Zhao X, Li G. Fenton-ultrasound treatment of corn stalks enhances humification during composting by stimulating the inheritance and synthesis of polyphenolic compounds-preliminary evidence from a laboratory trial. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142133. [PMID: 38670511 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The impact of Fenton-ultrasound treatment on the production of polyphenols and humic acid (HA) during corn stalk composting was investigated by analyzing the potential for microbial assimilation of polysaccharides in corn stalks to generate polyphenols using a13C-glucose tracer. The results showed that Fenton-ultrasound treatment promoted the decomposition of lignocellulose and increased the HA content, degree of polymerization (DP), and humification index (HI). The primary factor could be attributed to Fenton-ultrasound treatment-induced enhanced the abundance of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms, as Firmicutes, Actinobacteria phylum and Aspergillis genus, which serve as the primary driving forces behind polyphenol and HA formation. Additionally, the utilization of a13C isotope tracer revealed that corn stalk polysaccharide decomposition products can be assimilated by microbes and subsequently secrete polyphenolic compounds. This study highlights the potential of microbial activity to generate phenolic compounds, offering a theoretical basis for increasing polyphenol production and promoting HA formation during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Guo
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuaipeng Wu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhao
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guitong Li
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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7
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Liu Q, Huang B, Hu S, Shi Z, Wu J, Zhang Y, Kong W. Effects of initial corncob particle size on the short-term composting for preparation of cultivation substrates for Pleurotus ostreatus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118333. [PMID: 38295977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The short-term composting based on corncob for preparing Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation medium originated from agricultural production practices and so lacked systematic investigation. In this study, the influences of a Dafen (15 mm, DFT) and Xiaofen (5 mm, XFT) initial particle size (IPS) of corncob on the microbial succession and compost quality were examined. Results demonstrated that XFT compost was better suited for mushroom cultivation due to its high biological efficiency of 70 % and the absence of contamination. The composting microbes differed significantly between the DFT and XFT composts. During composting, the genera of Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Streptomyces, and Paenibacillus were majorly found in the DFT compost, while Acinetobacter, Lactobacillus, Puccinia, Bacteroides, and Bacillus genera dominated the XFT compost. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that throughout the thermophilic phase, XFT compost had much greater relative abundances of sequences relevant to energy, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism than DFT compost. Analysis of network correlations and Mantel tests indicated that IPS reduction could increase microbial interactions. Overall, adjusting the IPS of corncob to 5 mm increased microbial interactions, improved compost quality, and thereby boosted the P. ostreatus yield. These findings will be pertinent in optimizing the composting process of cultivation medium for P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Edible Fungi in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bao Huang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Edible Fungi in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Sujuan Hu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Edible Fungi in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziwen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Edible Fungi in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Edible Fungi in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Sharafi R, Salehi Jouzani G, Karimi E, Ghanavati H, Kowsari M. Integrating bioprocess and metagenomics studies to enhance humic acid production from rice straw. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:173. [PMID: 38630379 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rice straw burning annually (millions of tons) leads to greenhouse gas emissions, and an alternative solution is producing humic acid with high added-value. This study aimed to examine the influence of a microbial consortium and other additives (chicken manure, urea, olive mill waste, zeolite, and biochar) on the composting process of rice straw and the subsequent production of humic acid. Results showed that among the fungal species, Thermoascus aurantiacus exhibited the most prominent impact in expediting maturation and improving compost quality, and Bacillus subtilis was the most abundant bacterial species based on metagenomics analysis. The highest temperature, C/N ratio reduction, and amount of humic acid production (Respectively in lab 61 °C, 54.67%, 298 g kg-1 and in pilot level 65 °C, 72.11%, 310 g kg-1) were related to treatments containing these microorganisms and other additives except urea. Consequently, T. aurantiacus and B. subtilis can be employed on an industrial scale as compost additives to further elevate quality. Functional analysis showed that the bacterial enzymes in the treatments had the highest metabolic activities, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism compared to the control. The maximum enzymatic activities were in the thermophilic phase in treatments which were significantly higher than that in the control. The research emphasizes the importance of identifying and incorporating enzymatically active strains that are suitable for temperature conditions, alongside the native strains in decomposing materials. This strategy significantly improves the composting process and yields high-quality humic acid during the thermophilic phase.
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Grants
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- 2-05-05-017-960740 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sharafi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Hosein Ghanavati
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
| | - Mojegan Kowsari
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box, Karaj, 31535-1897, Iran
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9
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Dong W, Zhou R, Li X, Yan H, Zheng J, Peng N, Zhao S. Effect of simplified inoculum agent on performance and microbiome during cow manure-composting at industrial-scale. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130097. [PMID: 38013035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A simplified inoculum agent, only comprising Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, was utilized for industrial-scale cow-manure composting to investigate its impact on composting performance and microbiome. Inoculants elevated the average and peak temperatures by up to 7 and 10 °C, respectively, during the thermophilic stage, reduced organic matter content, and raised germination index. Inoculation also extended the period of composting above 50 °C from 12 to 26 days. Sequencing unveiled significant shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and function. Aspergillus thrived during the mesophilic phase, potentially initiating composting, whereas Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, and Clostridium were enriched during the thermophilic stage. Metagenomic sequencing revealed an increased abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes and glycometabolism-related genes responsible for lignocellulose degradation and heat generation after inoculation. These enriched microbes and functional genes contributed to organic matter degradation and temperature maintenance during thermophilic stage, expediting composting. This suggests the effectiveness of this simplified inoculum in industrial-level cow-manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Jiangsu Sweeper Biotechnology, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang Z, Duan C, Liu Y, Li A, Hu X, Chen J, Zhang S, Li X, Che R, Li S, Ekelund F, Cui X. Green waste and sewage sludge feeding ratio alters co-composting performance: Emphasis on the role of bacterial community during humification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129014. [PMID: 37028527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Composting with five levels of green waste and sewage sludge was compared to examine how feeding ratios affected composting performance with special focus on humification, and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the raw material ratio persistently affected compost nutrients and stability. Humification and mineralization were promoted by higher proportion of sewage sludge. Bacterial community composition and within-community relationships were also significantly affected by the raw material feeding ratio. Network analysis indicated that clusters 1 and 4 which dominated by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria shown significantly positive correlation with humic acid concentration. Notably, the structural equational model and variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that bacterial community structure (explained 47.82% of the variation) mediated the effect of raw material feeding ratio on humification, and exceeded the effect of environmental factors (explained 19.30% of the variation) on humic acid formation. Accordingly, optimizing the composting raw material improves the composting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuxian Liu
- Yuxi Experimental Senior High School, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Anning Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xi Hu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jingkun Chen
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyong Cui
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Duan Y, Awasthi MK, Yang J, Tian Y, Li H, Cao S, Syed A, Verma M, Ravindran B. Bacterial community dynamics and co-occurrence network patterns during different stages of biochar-driven composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129358. [PMID: 37336449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communities were dynamically tracked at four stages of biochar-driven sheep manure pile composting, and the co-occurrence networks with keystone taxa were established. The succession of bacterial community obvious varied during the composting process, Proteobacteria predominant in initial stage (39%) then shifted into Firmicutes in thermophilic (41%) and mesophilic (27%) stages, finally the maturation stage dominant by Bacteroidota (26%). Visualizations of bacterial co-occurrence networks demonstrate more cooperative mutualism and complex interactions in the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. Noticeably, the 7.5 and 10% biochar amended composts shown highest connections (736 and 663 total links) and positive cooperation (97.37 and 97.13% positive link) as well as higher closeness centrality and betweenness centrality of keystone taxa. Overall, appropriate biochar addition alters bacterial community succession and strengthens connection between keystone taxa and other bacteria, with 7.5 and 10% biochar amended composts has intense mutualistic symbiosis among bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Duan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- College of Resources Environment Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Huike Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research & Development Department of Chemistry Chandigarh University Gharuan, Mohali, India
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
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12
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Kundu A, Reddy CV, Singh RK, Kalamdhad AS. Critical review with science mapping on the latest pre-treatment technologies of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117727. [PMID: 36924707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent strategy for solid waste management, adopted across the globe is landfill. Through microbial decomposition municipal solid waste degrades, producing end products such as carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds, and leachate. High levels of organic waste and heavy metals content in leachate can cause pervasive damage to the ecosystem and contaminate groundwater. Leachate requires extensive treatment before being released into the environment because of its complex chemical composition and identifying the appropriate technologies for leachate treatment remains a key problem for municipal landfill operations. Given the possible harm caused by substantially contaminated leachate, it should adhere to stricter quality criteria for direct disposal of leachate and one treatment method cannot efficiently tackle all the pollutants. In order to reduce the landfill leachates high fouling power, pre-treatment of landfill leachate is necessary. The study provides a comprehensive review of pre-treatment technologies, as well as a critical assessment of strengths and limitations. Current review-based analysis was undertaken based on the filtered 395 papers published for science mapping and to evaluate the qualitative studies in the area of pre-treatment of Landfill Leachate till 2022. A three-step process was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis, qualitative valuation, and identification of influential and productive journals, countries, researchers and articles, emerging technology, and outlining some of the major research gaps in the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Kundu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | | | - Ratnesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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13
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Wang N, Bai X, Huang D, Shao M, Chen Q, Xu Q. Insights into the influence of digestate-derived biochar upon the microbial community succession during the composting of digestate from food waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137786. [PMID: 36634716 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The by-product from the anaerobic digestion of food waste (FW) called the digestate (DFW) needs proper disposal because of its high environmental burden. Composting can transform DFW into a nutrient-containing soil improver via a series of microbial metabolic activities. However, the long composting time and high amount of ammonia emission are the key concerns of DFW composting. In the present study, the effect of DFW-derived biochar (BC-DFW) on microbial succession and its involvement in nitrogen transformation and humification during DFW composting were investigated. The results indicated that the BC-DFW accelerated bacterial and fungal evolution, and the bacterial diversity was augmented by increasing the amount of BC-DFW. In particular, Cryomorpha, Castellaniella, Aequorivita, and Moheibacter were enriched by the addition of BC-DFW, thereby enhancing the degradation of organic matter and nitrogen transformation and increasing the germination index. The group with 25% BC-DFW contained a higher relative abundance of Cryomorpha (2.08%, 2.47%) than the control (0.39%, 1.72%) on days 19 and 35 which benefited the degradation of organic matter. The group with 25% BC-DFW quickly enhanced the growth of Nitrosomonas, thereby accelerating the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen and reducing the phytotoxicity of the composting product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life and Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 571158, PR China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xinyue Bai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Dandan Huang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Mingshuai Shao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qindong Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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14
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Mo J, Xin L, Zhao C, Qin Y, Nan Q, Mei Q, Wu W. Reducing nitrogen loss during kitchen waste composting using a bioaugmented mechanical process with low pH and enhanced ammonia assimilation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128664. [PMID: 36702327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the regulation of nitrogen transformation in bioaugmented mechanical composting (BMC) process for rural kitchen waste (KW) is essential to avoid the "not-in-my-backyard" phenomenon caused by nitrogen loss. Herein, nitrogen transformation and loss in BMC versus conventional pile composting (CPC) of KW were compared. The results showed that the total nitrogen loss in the BMC was 6.87-39.32 % lower than that in the CPC. The main pathways to prevent nitrogen loss in the BMC were reducing NH3 by avoiding a sharp increase in pH followed by transforming the preserved NH4+-N into recalcitrant nitrogen reservoir via enhanced ammonia assimilation. The enriched thermophilic bacteria with mineralization capacities (e.g., Bacillus and Corynebacterium) during rapid dehydration and heating in the BMC accumulated organic acids and easy-to-use carbon sources, which could lead to lower pH and ammonia assimilation enhancement, respectively. This study provides new ideas for formulating low-cost nitrogen conservation strategies in decentralized KW composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefei Mo
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liqing Xin
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Changxun Zhao
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Qiong Nan
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Mei
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Institute of Environment Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety Technology, Zhejiang 310058, China
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15
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Li T, Kong Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Chai L, Liu D, Shen Q. Deciphering the effect of exogenous lignocellulases addition on the composting efficiency and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127751. [PMID: 35940325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the potential effects of exogenous lignocellulases addition on the composting efficiency and microbial communities. The lignocellulases addition at the mesophilic phase (MEP) greatly expedited the substrate conversion and the rise of temperature at the initial stage, driving the early arrival of thermophilic phase (THP), caused by the positive effects of Sphingobacterium and Brevundimonas. When being added at the THP, the potential functions and interactions of microbial communities were stimulated, especially for Thermobispora and Mycothermus, which prolonged the duration of the THP and expedited the humic acid formation. Simultaneous addition (MEP and THP) significantly altered the microbial community succession and activated the microbes that contributed to the lignocellulases secretion, exhibiting the highest cellobiohydrolase (36.19 ± 3.25 U· g-1 dw) and xylanase (47.51 ± 3.32 U·g-1 dw) activity at the THP. These findings provide new strategies that can be effectively utilized to improve the efficiency and quality of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, People's Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Chtouki M, Bargaz A, Lyamlouli K, Oukarroum A, Zeroual Y. A phospho-compost biological-based approach increases phosphate rock agronomic efficiency in faba bean as compared to chemical and physical treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74012-74023. [PMID: 35633456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under arid and semi-arid conditions, direct application of phosphate rock (PR) as a source of phosphorus (P) for crop production is likely influenced by agricultural practices and soil properties. Different approaches could be used to improve the agronomic efficiency of low-grade PR over a wider range of soils and crops. In this study, biological, physical, and chemical treatments of low-grade Moroccan PR were investigated and compared through agronomic trials on faba bean grown under alkaline soil conditions. The physical treatment was based on blending PR with triple superphosphate (TSP) at 75:25 and 50:50 ratios, the biological treatments involved co-application of PR with compost at 50:50 ratio and phospho-compost elaborated from PR (20%), sewage sludge (46%), and wheat residues (34%), while the chemical treatment was obtained by a 30% acidulation of PR by phosphoric acid. Control treatments consisting of zero P application (control), PR alone, and TSP alone were considered to assess the effectiveness of the abovementioned techniques to improve PR agronomic efficiency. A pot experiment was conducted in sandy soil (Jorf Lasfar, central Morocco) for 60 days in a completely randomized design considering eight treatments. All treatments, except the control, were amended with 52 mg kg-1 of P from different PR-based fertilizers before sowing. At the flowering stage (60-day-old plants), results indicated that all PR treatments significantly improved plant growth, root nodulation, and nutrient uptake compared to the control. The relative agronomic efficiency of pretreated PR was significantly higher with phospho-compost treatment (86%) than the partially acidulated PR (78%) or the PR/TSP blend 50:50 (64%). Likewise, P uptake, P use efficiency, number of root nodules, and N uptake all were improved under PR treatments. Our finding revealed that the biological technique based on phospho-compost yielded better compared to chemical and physical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Chtouki
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Adnane Bargaz
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Karim Lyamlouli
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Zeroual
- Situation Innovation Group-OCP Group, Jorf Lasfar, 24025, El Jadida, Morocco
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17
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Wu X, Wang J, Amanze C, Yu R, Li J, Wu X, Shen L, Liu Y, Yu Z, Zeng W. Exploring the dynamic of microbial community and metabolic function in food waste composting amended with traditional Chinese medicine residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115765. [PMID: 35982566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the dynamic of microbial community and metabolic function in food waste composting amended with traditional Chinese medicine residues (TCMRs). Results suggested that TCMRs addition at up to 10% leads to a higher peak temperature (60.5 °C), germination index (GI) value (119.26%), and a greater reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) content (8.08%). 10% TCMRs significantly induced the fluctuation of bacterial community composition, as well as the fungal community in the thermophilic phase. The addition of 10% TCMRs enhanced the abundance of bacterial genera such as Acetobacter, Bacillus, and Brevundimonas, as well as fungal genera such as Chaetomium, Thermascus, and Coprinopsis, which accelerated lignocellulose degradation and humification degree. Conversely, the growth of Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas was inhibited by 10% TCMRs to weaken the acidic environment and reduce nitrogen loss. Metabolic function analysis revealed that 10% TCMRs promoted the metabolism of carbohydrate and amino acid, especially citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Redundancy analysis showed that the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was the most significant environmental factor influencing the dynamic of bacterial and fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jingshu Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Charles Amanze
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhaojing Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
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18
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Zhao X, Li J, Che Z, Xue L. Succession of the Bacterial Communities and Functional Characteristics in Sheep Manure Composting. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081181. [PMID: 36009808 PMCID: PMC9404829 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial community is a key factor affecting aerobic composting, and understanding bacterial community succession is important to revealing the mechanism of organic matter degradation. In this study, the succession and metabolic characteristics of bacterial communities were explored in 45 days composting of sheep manure and wheat straw by using high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools, respectively. Results showed that the alpha diversity of bacterial community significantly decreased in the thermophilic (T2) phase and then recovered gradually in the bio-oxidative (T3) and the maturation (T4) phases. Bacterial communities varied at different stages, but there were 158 genera in common bacterial species. Unclassified_f_Bacillaceae, Oceanobacillus, Bacillus, Pseudogracilibacillus, and Nocardiopsis were identified as keystone bacterial genera. Eleven genera were significantly correlated (p < 0.05), or even extremely significantly correlated (p < 0.001), with the physicochemical factors. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that changes of bacterial community diversity correlated with physicochemical factors. The highest relative abundances were amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism among the metabolic groups in the compost. These results will provide theoretical support for further optimizing sheep manure composting conditions and improving the quality of organic fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongxian Che
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (L.X.)
| | - Lingui Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (L.X.)
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19
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Yu X, Li X, Ren C, Wang J, Wang C, Zou Y, Wang X, Li G, Li Q. Co-composting with cow dung and subsequent vermicomposting improve compost quality of spent mushroom. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127386. [PMID: 35636680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine a feasible degrading process for spent mushroom (SMS) with high lignin content, the present work used cow dung (CD), SMS, and a mixture of CD and SMS as substrates and evaluated the effects of vermicomposting on the microflora and the quality of composting products. Bacterial (R2 = 0.548, P = 0.001) and fungal (R2 = 0.314, P = 0.005) community both were different between composting and vermicomposting. Vermicomposting and substrates affected enzyme activities indirectly by affecting ammonium, pH, total carbon, richness, and bacterial community composition. These results suggested that appropriate regulation of environmental factors may increase microbial activity. An increase in ion-exchange capacity (up to 139.8%), pH (6.9%), and nitrate (71.1%) and a decrease in total carbon (31.2%) and carbon/nitrogen ratio (32.1%) in vermicomposting indicated that earthworms could further improve product quality. Co-composting with CD and integrated subsequent vermicomposting efficiently promoted the maturity of SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Yu
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Changqi Ren
- Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jinchuang Wang
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Chaobi Wang
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Yukun Zou
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiongfei Wang
- Hainan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, Hainan, China.
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20
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Yang HY, Zhang SB, Meng HH, Zhao Y, Wei ZM, Zheng GR, Wang X. Predicting the humification degree of multiple organic solid waste during composting using a designated bacterial community. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:257-266. [PMID: 35870361 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbes are the drivers for disposing of organic solid waste (OSW) during aerobic fermentation. Notwithstanding, the significance of microbes is underestimated in numerous studies on aerobic fermentation product assessments. Here, we investigated the humification degree (HD), and the humic acid content was assessed in terms of the bacterial community. The bacterial communities were useful indicators for making predictions and even correctly determined the categories of OSWs with 94% accuracy. The bacterial codes can also provide a better prediction of HD. Our results demonstrate that the bacteria code is a reliable biological method to assess HD effectively. Bacterial codes can be used as ecological and biological indicators to evaluate the quality of aerobic fermentation of different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shu-Bo Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Han-Han Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zi-Min Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Guang-Ren Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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21
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Kong Z, Wang M, Shi X, Wang X, Zhang X, Chai L, Liu D, Shen Q. The functions of potential intermediates and fungal communities involved in the humus formation of different materials at the thermophilic phase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127216. [PMID: 35472639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humus is the final product of humus precursors (HPS) during the humification process, while the associated mechanisms of humus formation have not been clarified. Here, the HPS degradation intermediate and core fungal function for wheat straw and chicken manure compost (SCM), cow dung compost (CD), Chinese traditional medicine residue compost (CTM) and mushroom dreg and chicken manure compost (MCM) was investigated during the thermophilic phase. The results showed SCM and MCM were rich in proteins, lipids, cellulose, low-molecular-weight organic acids, while CD and CTM contained abundant carbohydrates, aliphatic compounds, easily biodegradable aromatic structures, and intermediates from the lignocellulose degradation. In particular, the HPS degrading intermediates including O-alkyl-C and aromatic C compounds were the critical factors, and Scedosporium, Hypsizygus and Remersonia were the core fungal genera for the humification. Furthermore, the potential fungal functional genes involved in carbohydrate and lignin degradation might be the key factors to drive the humification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People' Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiaoteng Shi
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Lifang Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, People' Republic of China; Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People' Republic of China
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22
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Zainudin MHM, Singam JT, Sazili AQ, Shirai Y, Hassan MA. Indigenous cellulolytic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial community enhanced the composting of rice straw and chicken manure with biochar addition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5930. [PMID: 35396465 PMCID: PMC8993872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of organic matters is crucial during the composting process. In this study, the enhancement of the composting of rice straw and chicken manure with biochar was evaluated by investigating the indigenous cellulolytic bacterial community structure during the composting process. Compared with control treatment, composting with biochar recorded higher temperature (74 °C), longer thermophilic phase (> 50 °C for 18 days) and reduced carbon (19%) with considerable micro- and macronutrients content. The bacterial community succession showed that composting with biochar was dominated by the cellulolytic Thermobifida and Nocardiopsis genera, which play an important role in lignocellulose degradation. Twenty-three cellulolytic bacterial strains were successfully isolated at different phases of the composting with biochar. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing similarity showed that they were related to Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillussubtilis,Bacillusaerius, and Bacillushaynesii, which were known as cellulolytic bacteria and generally involved in lignocellulose degradation. Of these isolated bacteria, Bacilluslicheniformis, a facultative anaerobe, was the major bacterial strain isolated and demonstrated higher cellulase activities. The increase in temperature and reduction of carbon during the composting with biochar in this study can thus be attributed to the existence of these cellulolytic bacteria identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Huzairi Mohd Zainudin
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jamuna Thurai Singam
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoshihito Shirai
- Department of Biological Function and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Fukuoka, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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23
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Liu Q, He X, Luo G, Wang K, Li D. Deciphering the dominant components and functions of bacterial communities for lignocellulose degradation at the composting thermophilic phase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126808. [PMID: 35131458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition and transformation of organic matters during composting process are performed by various microorganisms. However, the bacterial communities and their functions usually vary with composting materials. Here the dominant bacterial genera and their functions were identified at the thermophilic phase during composting of mulberry branches with silkworm excrement (MSE), pig manure (MPM) and cow manure (MCD). The activities of β-glucosidase and endoglucanase were highest for MCD (1.31 and 17.15 µg g-1 min-1) and lowest for MPM (0.92 and 14.22 µg g-1 min-1). Random Forest model and correlation analysis revealed that Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, and Sinibacillus were the dominant bacterial genera involved in lignocellulose degradation regardless of composting materials. Carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair were primary functions of the bacterial communities for the three types of composting. The quantification of lignocellulose degradation genes further verified the dominant functions of the bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Dejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China; Guangxi Industrial Technology Research Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Nanning 530000, China.
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24
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Zhang J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wu P, Li J, Ding P, Jiang Q, Cui MH. Heterotrophic precultivation is a better strategy than polarity reversal for the startup of acetate microbial electrosynthesis reactor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Ge M, Shen Y, Ding J, Meng H, Zhou H, Zhou J, Cheng H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang H, Cheng Q, Li R, Liu J. New insight into the impact of moisture content and pH on dissolved organic matter and microbial dynamics during cattle manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126236. [PMID: 34737163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Composting is an effective way to treat agricultural waste, whereas inappropriate initial conditions could cause lower maturity and system instability. In this study, the dissolved organic matter dynamics and microbial community succession of cattle-manure composting were investigated under different initial moisture content (MC) and pH of raw material. The results indicated that the extended duration of thermophilic phase and the highest GI (germination index) value of final product were observed at matrix 60% MC and pH 8.5 (AT2 treatment). Microbial analysis showed that the succession of bacterial and fungal community was significantly influenced by total carbon (TN), pH and MC (P < 0.05). The relationship between microbial community and fluorescence regional integration (FRI) parameters demonstrated that Thermobifida (bacterial genus), Mycothermus and Thermomyces (fungal genera) were positively correlated with PV, n (the integral aera of Region V). This study could provide a potential strategy for large-scale industrial application of compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianshen Ge
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Qiongyi Cheng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Ran Li
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
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26
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Sun L, Long M, Li J, Wu R, Ma L, Tang D, Lu Y, Wang Z. Different Effects of Thermophilic Microbiological Inoculation With and Without Biochar on Physicochemical Characteristics and Bacterial Communities in Pig Manure Composting. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746718. [PMID: 34899633 PMCID: PMC8660119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of thermophilic microbiological inoculation alone (TA) and integrated with biochar (TB) on the physicochemical characteristics and bacterial communities in pig manure (PM) composting with wheat straw. Both TA and TB accelerated the rate of temperature increase during the PM composting. TA significantly reduced total nitrogen loss by 18.03% as opposed to TB which significantly accelerated total organic carbon degradation by 12.21% compared with the control. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the major phyla in composting. Variation of the relative abundance of genera depended on the composting period and treatment. The genera Lactobacillus (26.88-46.71%) and Clostridium_sensu_stricto (9.03-31.69%) occupied a superior position in the temperature rise stage, and Bacillus (30.90-36.19%) was outstanding in the cooling stage. Temperature, total nitrogen (TN), and ammonium nitrogen significantly influenced the bacterial phyla composition. TN, water content, and nitrite nitrogen were the main drivers of the bacterial community genera. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that microbiological consortia were resistant to high temperatures and could fix nitrogen for enriched Pseudomonas; however, when interacted with biochar, total organic carbon (TOC) degradation was accelerated for higher bacterial richness and diversity as well as overrepresented Corynebacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Sun
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Waste Utilization, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Long
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renfei Wu
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Defu Tang
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongli Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Gong P, Liu H, Wang G, Yao J, Dai X. Enhanced depletion of antibiotics and accelerated estabilization of dissolved organic matter by hydrothermal pretreatment during composting of oxytetracycline fermentation residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125618. [PMID: 34325386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of employing hydrothermal pretreatment (HTPT) to improve the composting of oxytetracycline fermentation residue (OFR) was evaluated by investigating the depletion of oxytetracycline (OTC) and evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM). HTPT drastically declined the final content of OTC and its main transformation intermediates in OFR compost from 89.96 to 2.61 mg/kg. Although HTPT slightly increased the DOM content and significantly decreased the contents of biodegradable and humified compounds in OFR compost, it did not significantly change the germination index of OFR compost. Nevertheless, the time required for the overall pattern of DOM parameters to reach stabilization was shortened from 28 to 14 days by HTPT. Taken together, although HTPT did not change the maturity degree of OFR compost, it obviously shortened the OFR composting cycle and lowered the potential risk of OFR compost, confirming that HTPT could efficiently improve the OFR composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Picheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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28
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Tortosa G, Fernández-González AJ, Lasa AV, Aranda E, Torralbo F, González-Murua C, Fernández-López M, Benítez E, Bedmar EJ. Involvement of the metabolically active bacteria in the organic matter degradation during olive mill waste composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147975. [PMID: 34082203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based high-throughput sequencing is a valuable tool in the discernment of the implication of metabolically active bacteria during composting. In this study, "alperujo" composting was used as microbial model for the elucidation of structure-function relationships with physicochemical transformation of the organic matter. DNA and RNA, subsequently retrotranscribed into cDNA, were isolated at the mesophilic, thermophilic and maturation phases. 16S rRNA gene was amplified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Illumina MiSeq platform to assess bacterial abundance and diversity, respectively. The results showed that the abundance of active bacteria assessed by qPCR was maximum at thermophilic phase, which confirm it as the most active stage of the process. Concerning diversity, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the main phyla presented in composts. Concomitantly, three different behaviours were observed for bacterial dynamics: some genera decreased during the whole process meanwhile others proliferated only at thermophilic or maturation phase. Statistical correlation between physicochemical transformations of the organic matter and bacterial diversity revealed bacterial specialisation. This result indicated that specific groups of bacteria were only involved in the organic matter degradation during bio-oxidative phase or humification at maturation. Metabolic functions predictions confirmed that active bacteria were mainly involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles transformations, and pathogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Tortosa
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Antonio J Fernández-González
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana V Lasa
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Elisabet Aranda
- Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Edificio Fray Luis, c/ Ramón y Cajal, 4, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Torralbo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-López
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Emilio Benítez
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eulogio J Bedmar
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Agencia Estatal CSIC, c/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Zhang Z, Wei Z, Guo W, Wei Y, Luo J, Song C, Lu Q, Zhao Y. Two types nitrogen source supply adjusted interaction patterns of bacterial community to affect humifaction process of rice straw composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125129. [PMID: 33857866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated effects of high-nitrogen source (urea) (R_UR) and protein-like nitrogen source (chicken manure) (R_CM) on humification process during lignocellulose biomass composting. It demonstrated that decreasing ratio of crude fiber (CF), polysaccharide (PS) and amino acids (AAs) in R_CM (29.75%, 53.93% and 73.73%, respectively) was higher than that in R_UR (14.73%, 28.74% and 51.92%, respectively). Humic substance (HS) concentration increased by 7.51% and 73.05% during R_UR and R_CM composting, respectively. The lower total links, more independent modularization and higher proportion of positive correlations between functional bacteria and organic components was observed with R_CM network than R_UR, indicating that protein-like nitrogen source supply may alleviate competition within bacterial community. Moreover, chicken manure supply favorably selects greater special functional bacterial taxa (Pusillimonas, Pedomicrobium, Romboustia and other 24 genus) related to AAs and stimulates the collaborative division of bacterial community. This is significance for strengthening effective transformation of organic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhechao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Organic Recycling Institute (Suzhou), China Agricultural University, Wuzhong District, Suzhou 215128, China
| | - Junqing Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Xie G, Kong X, Kang J, Su N, Luo G, Fei J. Community-level dormancy potential regulates bacterial beta-diversity succession during the co-composting of manure and crop residues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145506. [PMID: 33571759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to disclose the bacterial diversity succession during the co-composting of manure and crop residues and to provide new insight into the role of community-level dormancy potential in diversity succession. Illumina sequencing and PICRUSt-estimated metagenomes were used for this purpose. The bacterial richness and phylogenetic diversity decreased in the early and middle stages of composting and were maintained to a stable status in the late stage. Both composting phases and raw materials impacted the aforementioned alpha diversity significantly, while the composting phases had a greater (80%-94%) impact than the raw materials (1%-18%). Bacterial beta-diversity succession exhibited selectivity as the composting proceeded, and the dominant taxa changed into salt- and heat-resistant genera such as Bacillus, Glycomyces, and Halocella. Meanwhile, Georgenia, Actinomadura, and Ruminofilibacter were identified as the dominant predictor taxa of bacterial community succession in composting. Roughly, the abundance of genes underlying dormancy strategies, including sporulation factors (spo0A gene), toxin-antitoxin systems (dinJ/yafP, mazF/E, hipA/O, and relA/E genes), and resuscitation-promoting factors (rpfC gene), increased as composting proceeded and reached the highest in the thermophilic or maturation phases. Co-occurring relationships between bacterial communities and genes underlying dormancy strategies in different composting phases comprised multiple associations dominated by positive edges (50%-97%). The stability in genes underlying dormancy strategies and aggregate dormancy potential had a positive linear correlation with that in bacterial beta diversity (R2 = 0.26-0.42; P < 0.05), but not related significantly to that in richness and phylogenetic diversity. This study highlighted the importance of understanding how community-level dormancy strategies mediated microbial succession in composting to better predict compost maturity and product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoliang Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jialu Kang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ning Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gongwen Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiangchi Fei
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Changsha 410128, China
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31
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Wang J, Zhu D, Zhao S, Xu S, Yang R, Zhao W, Zhang X, Huang Z. Effect of liquid volume and microflora source on degradation rate and microbial community in corn stover degradation. AMB Express 2021; 11:80. [PMID: 34061258 PMCID: PMC8169732 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation is the bottleneck in the utilization of crop straw. In this paper, we screened the microbial consortia degrading corn stover from straw degrading consortia MC1 (M), sheep feces (Y), and mixtures (Q) of M, Y, and cattle feces. The effects of microflora source and liquid volume (representing dissolved oxygen) on the microbial community and degradation rate of corn stover were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate and cellulase activity of a 200 mL liquid volume (L2) were significantly higher than that of 100 mL (L1). Microflora source had a significant effect on bacterial and fungal diversity, composition and taxa. Q and Y had higher bacterial and fungal α-diversity than that of M. The degradation rate was significantly correlated with cellulase activity but not with microbial diversity. This indicated that liquid volume had a significant effect on degradation rate while microflora source had a significant effect on microbial community in corn stover degradation.
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