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Röckendorf N, Ramaker K, Gaede K, Tappertzhofen K, Lunding L, Wegmann M, Horbert P, Weber K, Frey A. Parallel detection of multiple biomarkers in a point-of-care-competent device for the prediction of exacerbations in chronic inflammatory lung disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12830. [PMID: 38834656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sudden aggravations of chronic inflammatory airway diseases are difficult-to-foresee life-threatening episodes for which advanced prognosis-systems are highly desirable. Here we present an experimental chip-based fluidic system designed for the rapid and sensitive measurement of biomarkers prognostic for potentially imminent asthma or COPD exacerbations. As model biomarkers we chose three cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha), the bacterial infection marker C-reactive protein and the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae-all relevant factors in exacerbation episodes. Assay protocols established in laboratory environments were adapted to 3D-printed fluidic devices with emphasis on short processing times, low reagent consumption and a low limit of detection in order to enable the fluidic system to be used in point-of-care settings. The final device demonstrator was validated with patient sample material for its capability to detect endogenous as well as exogenous biomarkers in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Röckendorf
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
| | - Katrin Ramaker
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karoline Gaede
- BioMaterialBank-North, Department of Medicine, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Kristof Tappertzhofen
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Peter Horbert
- Department of Spectroscopy and Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Department of Spectroscopy and Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Priority Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany.
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2
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Rashidova G, Tilegen M, Pham TT, Bekmurzayeva A, Tosi D. Functionalized optical fiber ball-shaped biosensor for label-free, low-limit detection of IL-8 protein. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:185-198. [PMID: 38223184 PMCID: PMC10783906 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers for tracking disease progression is becoming increasingly important in biomedicine. Using saliva as a diagnostic sample appears to be a safe, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach. Salivary interleukin-8 levels demonstrate specific changes associated with diseases such as obstructive pulmonary disease, squamous cell carcinoma, oral cancer, and breast cancer. Traditional protein detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mass spectrometry, and Western blot are often expensive, complex, and time-consuming. In this study, an optical fiber-based biosensor was developed to detect salivary IL-8 protein in a label-free manner. The biosensor was able to achieve an ultra-low limit detection of 0.91 fM. Moreover, the tested concentration range was wide: from 273 aM to 59 fM. As a proof-of-concept for detecting the protein in real clinical samples, the detection was carried out in artificial saliva. It was possible to achieve high sensitivity for the target protein and minimal signal alterations for the control proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyunel Rashidova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert Tilegen
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tri T. Pham
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya Bekmurzayeva
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniele Tosi
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
- School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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3
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Eswaran M, Chokkiah B, Pandit S, Rahimi S, Dhanusuraman R, Aleem M, Mijakovic I. A Road Map toward Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Technology for Early Stage Cancer Detection. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200809. [PMID: 36068169 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Field effect transistor (FET)-based nanoelectronic biosensor devices provide a viable route for specific and sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers, which can be used for early stage cancer detection, monitoring the progress of the disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapies. On the road to implementation of FET-based devices in cancer diagnostics, several key issues need to be addressed: sensitivity, selectivity, operational conditions, anti-interference, reusability, reproducibility, disposability, large-scale production, and economic viability. To address these well-known issues, significant research efforts have been made recently. An overview of these efforts is provided here, highlighting the approaches and strategies presently engaged at each developmental stage, from the design and fabrication of devices to performance evaluation and data analysis. Specifically, this review discusses the multistep fabrication of FETs, choice of bioreceptors for relevant biomarkers, operational conditions, measurement configuration, and outlines strategies to improve the sensing performance and reach the level required for clinical applications. Finally, this review outlines the expected progress to the future generation of FET-based diagnostic devices and discusses their potential for detection of cancer biomarkers as well as biomarkers of other noncommunicable and communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthusankar Eswaran
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Bavatharani Chokkiah
- Nanoelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, India
| | - Santosh Pandit
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ragupathy Dhanusuraman
- Nanoelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, India
| | - Mahaboobbatcha Aleem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Emerging Biosensors for Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis—A Review Unravelling Their Role in Past and Present Advancements in the Field of Early Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070498. [PMID: 35884301 PMCID: PMC9312890 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious concern to people all over the world because of its high mortality rate and metastatic spread to other areas of the body. Despite recent advancements in biomedical research, OC detection at an early stage remains a challenge and is complex and inaccurate with conventional diagnostics procedures. It is critical to study innovative approaches that can enable a faster, easier, non-invasive, and more precise diagnosis of OC in order to increase the survival rate of patients. In this paper, we conducted a review on how biosensors might be an excellent tool for detecting OC. This review covers the strategies that use different biosensors to target various types of biomarkers and focuses on biosensors that function at the molecular level viz. DNA biosensors, RNA biosensors, and protein biosensors. In addition, we reviewed non-invasive electrochemical methods, optical methods, and nano biosensors to analyze the OC biomarkers present in body fluids such as saliva and serum. As a result, this review sheds light on the development of ground-breaking biosensors for the early detection and diagnosis of OC.
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5
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Using machine learning and an electronic tongue for discriminating saliva samples from oral cavity cancer patients and healthy individuals. Talanta 2022; 243:123327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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7
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Yadav N, Dahiya T, Chhillar AK, Rana JS, Mohan H. Promising Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1556-1568. [PMID: 34951360 DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666211222165508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by the accumulation of genetic mutations in cells by different types of mutagens such as physical, chemical, and biological. Consequently, normal cell cycles get interrupted. Conventional techniques used for diagnosis include. Various conventional techniques used for cancer diagnosis include immunological assays, histopathogical tests, polymerase chain reaction, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, radiation therapy, and many more. These techniques are expensive, time consuming, tedious, adverse effects to healthy cells and requirement of skilled personnel for their operation. Therefore nanomaterials based biosensors have been used for the sensitive, selective, economic and quick detection of cancer biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors have shown profound impact in efficient diagnosis of cancers that facilitate the effective treatment of patient in acute stage. Nanomaterials including inorganic, organic and polymeric nanomaterials have been used in the treatment of different types of cancers. Nanoapproaches have offered several merits including site-specific, require traces amount of therapeutic molecules, limited toxicity, avoid drug resistance, more efficient, sensitive and reliable than conventional chemotherapeutics and radiation therapies. Therefore, future research should be focussed on development of highly inventive nanotools for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Twinkle Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Anil Kumar Chhillar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
| | - Jogender Singh Rana
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, -131039, Haryana. India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana. India
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8
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Ornelas-González A, Ortiz-Martínez M, González-González M, Rito-Palomares M. Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:7026. [PMID: 34834116 PMCID: PMC8624596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirna González-González
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (M.O.-M.)
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (M.O.-M.)
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9
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Goldoni R, Scolaro A, Boccalari E, Dolci C, Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Ravazzani P, Muti P, Tartaglia G. Malignancies and Biosensors: A Focus on Oral Cancer Detection through Salivary Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100396. [PMID: 34677352 PMCID: PMC8533918 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is among the deadliest types of malignancy due to the late stage at which it is usually diagnosed, leaving the patient with an average five-year survival rate of less than 50%. The booming field of biosensing and point of care diagnostics can, in this regard, play a major role in the early detection of oral cancer. Saliva is gaining interest as an alternative biofluid for non-invasive diagnostics, and many salivary biomarkers of oral cancer have been proposed. While these findings are promising for the application of salivaomics tools in routine practice, studies on larger cohorts are still needed for clinical validation. This review aims to summarize the most recent development in the field of biosensing related to the detection of salivary biomarkers commonly associated with oral cancer. An introduction to oral cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is given to define the clinical problem clearly, then saliva as an alternative biofluid is presented, along with its advantages, disadvantages, and collection procedures. Finally, a brief paragraph on the most promising salivary biomarkers introduces the sensing technologies commonly exploited to detect oral cancer markers in saliva. Hence this review provides a comprehensive overview of both the clinical and technological advantages and challenges associated with oral cancer detection through salivary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessandra Scolaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Elisa Boccalari
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Carolina Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ravazzani
- National Research Council, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (CNR IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Gianluca Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Piyarathne NS, Rasnayake RMSGK, Angammana R, Chandrasekera P, Ramachandra S, Weerasekera M, Yasawardene S, Abu-Eid R, Jayasinghe JAP, Gupta E. Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors - A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:789-807. [PMID: 34148471 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are a significant health burden globally. Smoking, alcohol, and betel quid are the main risk factors. Lack of screening methods has been highlighted as a significant challenge in management. Salivary biomarkers are proposed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this systematic review was to study salivary biomarkers reported in OSCC and OPMD. Specific objectives were to select a salivary biomarker panel suitable for early detection of OSCC and OPMD and to assess relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors. METHODS Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) without any restrictions. Following calibration, two blinded reviewers screened the studies and extracted data. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa scale. 295 studies were included with descriptive data analysis. EXPERT OPINION A salivary biomarker panel including Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL8 was selected for OSCC and OPMD. Reported relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors are discussed and research gaps are highlighted. Future research should be directed to assess potential salivary biomarkers and their relationships to risk factors in order to understand the biomarker's role in disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J A P Jayasinghe
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Lukose J, M. SP, N. M, Barik AK, Pai KM, Unnikrishnan VK, George SD, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:359-385. [PMID: 34093888 PMCID: PMC8170462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva can be treated as a pool of biological markers able to reflect on the state of personal health. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of optical devices for the analysis of body fluids. Several groups have carried out studies investigating the potential of saliva as a non-invasive and reliable clinical specimen for use in medical diagnostics. This brief review aims to highlight the optical technologies, mainly surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which are being used for the probing of saliva for diverse biomedical applications. Advances in bio photonics offer the promise of unambiguous, objective and fast detection of abnormal health conditions and viral infections (such as COVID-19) from the analysis of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sanoop Pavithran M.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Mithun N.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Keerthilatha M. Pai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - V. K. Unnikrishnan
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sajan D. George
- Centre for Applied Nanoscience, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - V. B. Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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12
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Kaur J, Srivastava R, Borse V. Recent advances in point-of-care diagnostics for oral cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:112995. [PMID: 33515983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis is a crucial step in reducing the mortality rate in oral cancer cases. Point-of-care (POC) devices for oral cancer diagnosis hold great future potential in improving the survival rates as well as the quality of life of oral cancer patients. The conventional oral examination followed by needle biopsy and histopathological analysis have limited diagnostic accuracy. Besides, it involves patient discomfort and is not feasible in resource-limited settings. POC detection of biomarkers and diagnostic adjuncts has emerged as non- or minimally invasive tools for the diagnosis of oral cancer at an early stage. Various biosensors have been developed for the rapid detection of oral cancer biomarkers at the point-of-care. Several optical imaging methods have also been employed as adjuncts to detect alterations in oral tissue indicative of malignancy. This review summarizes the different POC platforms developed for the detection of oral cancer biomarkers, along with various POC imaging and cytological adjuncts that aid in oral cancer diagnosis, especially in low resource settings. Various immunosensors and nucleic acid biosensors developed to detect oral cancer biomarkers are summarized with examples. The different imaging methods used to detect oral tissue malignancy are also discussed herein. Additionally, the currently available commercial devices used as adjuncts in the POC detection of oral cancer are emphasized along with their characteristics. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges that persist in translating the developed POC techniques in the clinical settings for oral cancer diagnosis, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen Kaur
- NanoBios Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- NanoBios Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Vivek Borse
- NanoBioSens Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Chiamulera MMA, Zancan CB, Remor AP, Cordeiro MF, Gleber-Netto FO, Baptistella AR. Salivary cytokines as biomarkers of oral cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:205. [PMID: 33639868 PMCID: PMC7912500 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at advanced clinical stages due to its asymptomatic nature and absence of pathognomonic signs in its early development phase. Delayed diagnosis is one of the major causes of OC treatment failure and poor prognosis. Development of alternative diagnostic approaches are imperative for improving early detection and therapeutic success rates. Salivary cytokines (SC) have been studied as potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and may represent a potential tool for improvement of its early detection. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis we identified SC studied as OC biomarkers by systematically reviewing the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases using the terms: "oral cancer", "cytokine", and "saliva", and also combined with "interleukin" or "interferon". Only case-control studies that measured SC by ELISA from treatment naïve patients were included in the qualitative review. For the meta-analysis were included all comparable studies that provided enough data (sample size, mean and standard deviation or standard error of the mean) for SC levels in OC patients, non-cancer controls and patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), including leukoplakia. Comparisons with patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and gingivitis were included in the qualitative analysis. RESULTS A total of 28 articles (from 2004 to 2018) were included in the systematic review, describing 10 different SC, being IL-8 and IL-6 the most studied ones. SC levels were consistently higher among OC patients when compared to healthy controls and to patients with OPMD, OLP and gingivitis. Meta-analysis including 23 eligible studies showed that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 salivary levels were significantly higher in OC patients compared to controls; and that IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β salivary levels were also higher in OC patients compared to individuals with OPMD. When compared to healthy controls, OPMD patients showed significantly higher IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses showed that the salivary levels of some cytokines are consistently different among OC, OPMD and healthy patients, indicating that these SC may represent potential diagnostic biomarkers for OC and OPMD. Despite of that, SC levels were highly variable among studies, suggesting that further technical improvement and standardization for SC measurement by ELISA is needed in order to successfully translate these biomarkers to the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Martina Abatti Chiamulera
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Hospital Universitario Santa Terezinha, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Caroline Biazzolo Zancan
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Pertile Remor
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Antuani Rafael Baptistella
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biociencias e Saude/Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
- Hospital Universitario Santa Terezinha, Joacaba, SC, Brazil.
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Development of Gold Nanoparticle Micropatterns for the Electrical Detection of Proteins. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020528. [PMID: 33669510 PMCID: PMC7922899 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein analysis can be used to efficiently detect the early stages of various diseases. However, conventional protein detection platforms require expensive or complex equipment, which has been a major obstacle to their widespread application. In addition, uncertain signals from non-specific adhesion interfere with the precise interpretation of the results. To overcome these problems, the development of a technique that can detect the proteins in a simple method is needed. In this study, a platform composed of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was fabricated through a simple imprinting method for protein detection. The corrugated surface naturally formed by the nanoparticle assemblies simultaneously increases the efficiency of adhesion and binding with analytes and reduces undesired interactions. After forming the GNP micropatterns, post-functionalization with both cationic and neutral ligands was performed on the surface to manipulate their electrostatic interaction with proteins. Upon protein binding, the change in the electrical values of the micropatterns was recorded by using a resistance meter. The resistance of the positively charged micropatterns was found to increase due to the electrostatic interaction with proteins, while no significant change in resistance was observed for the neutral micropatterns after immersion in a protein solution. Additionally, the selective adsorption of fluorescent proteins onto the micropatterns was captured using confocal microscopy. These simply imprinted GNP micropatterns are sensitive platforms that can detect various analytes by measuring the electrical resistance with portable equipment.
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Song M, Yang M, Hao J. Pathogenic Virus Detection by Optical Nanobiosensors. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2021; 2:100288. [PMID: 33432308 PMCID: PMC7787510 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic is sweeping the world and causing global crises. The lack of effective methods of early diagnosis and accurate detection may result in severe infection as well as mortality. Therefore, it is urgently required that rapid, selective, and accurate techniques for detecting pathogenic viruses are developed. Nanotechnology-based biosensors are finding many applications in biological detection, which may address these issues and realize direct detection of molecular targets in real time. Among various nanoplatforms, optical nanobiosensors have aroused much interest due to their inherent advantages of high sensitivity and direct readout. In this review, a summary of recent progress on the optical biosensors based on nanotechnology for pathogenic virus detection is provided, with focus on quantum dots (QDs), upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), noble metal nanoparticles, and organic fluorescent molecules-based nanoprobes and chemiluminescence assays. These representative studies demonstrate appealing performance as biosensors and hold great promise for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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16
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Goldoni R, Farronato M, Connelly ST, Tartaglia GM, Yeo WH. Recent advances in graphene-based nanobiosensors for salivary biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 33096432 PMCID: PMC7666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As biosensing research is rapidly advancing due to significant developments in materials, chemistry, and electronics, researchers strive to build cutting-edge biomedical devices capable of detecting health-monitoring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors using nanomaterials are highly promising because of the wide detection range, fast response time, system miniaturization, and enhanced sensitivity. In the recent development of biosensors and electronics, graphene has rapidly gained popularity due to its superior electrical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. For biomarker detection, human saliva offers easy access with a large variety of analytes, making it a promising candidate for its use in point-of-care (POC) devices. Here, we report a comprehensive review that summarizes the most recent graphene-based nanobiosensors and oral bioelectronics for salivary biomarker detection. We discuss the details of structural designs of graphene electronics, use cases of salivary biomarkers, the performance of existing sensors, and applications in health monitoring. This review also describes current challenges in materials and systems and future directions of the graphene bioelectronics for clinical POC applications. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is to deliver an extensive review of the graphene-enabled biosensors and oral electronics and their successful applications in human salivary biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Thaddeus Connelly
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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17
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Arkusz K, Paradowska E. Impedimetric Detection of Femtomolar Levels of Interleukin6, Interleukin 8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Based on Thermally Modified Nanotubular Titanium Dioxide Arrays. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2399. [PMID: 33266223 PMCID: PMC7760759 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive, easy to prepare, and label-free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensor has been developed for the selective detection of human interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (CXCL8, IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)-potential inflammatory cancer biomarkers. We describe a, so far, newly developed and unexplored method to immobilize antibodies onto a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) array by physical adsorption. Immobilization of anti-IL-6, anti-IL-8, and anti-TNFα on TNT and the detection of human IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα were examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The impedimetric immunosensor demonstrates good selectivity and high sensitivity against human biomarker analytes and can detect IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα at concentrations as low as 5 pg/mL, equivalent to the standard concentration of these proteins in human blood. The calibration curves evidenced that elaborated biosensors are sensitive to three cytokines within 5 ÷ 2500 pg/mL in the 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Arkusz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Licealna 9 Street, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland;
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18
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Pachauri N, Lakshmi GBVS, Sri S, Gupta PK, Solanki PR. Silver molybdate nanoparticles based immunosensor for the non-invasive detection of Interleukin-8 biomarker. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110911. [PMID: 32487373 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the silver molybdate nanoparticles (β-Ag2MoO4 NPs) based non-invasive and sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) biomarker. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies confirm the cubic spinel structures of β-Ag2MoO4 NPs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study depicted average size of β-Ag2MoO4 NPs as 27.15 nm. The cleaned indium tin oxide coated glass substrates were coated with spin-coated thin films of Ag2MoO4 NPs. These electrodes used for covalently immobilization of antibodies specific to IL-8 (Anti-IL-8) using EDC-NHS chemistry and unbound activated sites blocked by bovine serum albumin. Electrochemical response was obtained in the range of 1 fg mL-1 to 40 ng mL-1 and the sensitivity was found to be 7.03 μA ng-1mL cm-2 with LOD of 90 pg mL-1. Spiked samples prepared by human saliva were tested and found efficient detection with this immunoelectrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Pachauri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Smriti Sri
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod K Gupta
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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19
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Takke A, Shende P. Non-invasive Biodiversified Sensors: A Modernized Screening Technology for Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4108-4120. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191022162232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Biological sensors revolutionize the method of diagnoses of diseases from early to final
stages using the biomarkers present in the body. Biosensors are advantageous due to the involvement of minimal
sample collection with improved specificity and sensitivity for the detection of biomarkers.
Methods:
Conventional biopsies restrict problems like patient non-compliance, cross-infection and high cost and to
overcome these issues biological samples like saliva, sweat, urine, tears and sputum progress into clinical and diagnostic
research for the development of non-invasive biosensors. This article covers various non-invasive measurements
of biological samples, optical-based, mass-based, wearable and smartphone-based biosensors for the detection
of cancer.
Results:
The demand for non-invasive, rapid and economic analysis techniques escalated due to the modernization
of the introduction of self-diagnostics and miniature forms of devices. Biosensors have high sensitivity and
specificity for whole cells, microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, and genetic materials.
Conclusion:
Biosensors provide a reliable early diagnosis of cancer, which results in faster therapeutic outcomes
with in-depth fundamental understanding of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Takke
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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20
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Optical Biomarker-based Biosensors for Cancer/Infectious Disease Medical Diagnoses. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 27:278-286. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Pachauri N, Dave K, Dinda A, Solanki PR. Cubic CeO2implanted reduced graphene oxide-based highly sensitive biosensor for non-invasive oral cancer biomarker detection. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3000-3012. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a cerium oxide nanocubes (ncCeO2)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-based nanocomposite for the detection of oral cancer biomarker, cytokeratin fragment-21-1 (Cyfra-21-1), using the electrochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kashyap Dave
- Special Centre for Nanoscience
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- India
| | - Amit Dinda
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- India
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22
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Verma S, Singh A, Shukla A, Kaswan J, Arora K, Ramirez-Vick J, Singh P, Singh SP. Anti-IL8/AuNPs-rGO/ITO as an Immunosensing Platform for Noninvasive Electrochemical Detection of Oral Cancer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27462-27474. [PMID: 28766330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient electrochemical transducer matrix for biosensing devices requires specific characteristics, such as fast electron transfer, stability, high surface area, biocompatibility, and presence of specific functional groups, to facilitate biomolecule attachment. We demonstrate the fabrication of an electrochemical immunosensor based on a highly stable gold nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs-rGO) composite material as a transducer matrix for label-free and noninvasive detection of salivary oral cancer biomarker interleukin-8 (IL8). The synergy between rGO and AuNPs allowed the immunosensor to exhibit fast response and high sensitivity due to the improved electron transfer behavior of the composite. The immunosensor shows very fast detection (9 min) of IL8 and high sensitivity with an experimental linear dynamic range of 500 fg mL-1 to 4 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 72.73 ± 0.18 pg mL-1. The fabricated immunosensor exhibits excellent specificity toward the detection of IL8 in human saliva samples. Furthermore, the reusability and stability up to 3 months of the immunosensor demonstrates the commercial potential of this nanoplatform for the detection of other biomarkers of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Anu Singh
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) , New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Shukla
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Kaswan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kavita Arora
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) , New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University , Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Priti Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Surinder P Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory (NPL) , Dr. K. S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi 110012, India
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Dong T, Pires NMM. Immunodetection of salivary biomarkers by an optical microfluidic biosensor with polyethylenimine-modified polythiophene-C70 organic photodetectors. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:321-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maza JC, Howard CA, Vipani MA, Travis CR, Young DD. Utilization of alkyne bioconjugations to modulate protein function. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:30-33. [PMID: 27894869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to introduce or modify protein function has widespread application to multiple scientific disciplines. The introduction of unique unnatural amino acids represents an excellent mechanism to incorporate new functionality; however, this approach is limited by ability of the translational machinery to recognize and incorporate the chemical moiety. To overcome this potential limitation, we aimed to exploit the functionality of existing unnatural amino acids to perform bioorthogonal reactions to introduce the desired protein modification, altering its function. Specifically, via the introduction of a terminal alkyne containing unnatural amino acid, we demonstrated chemically programmable protein modification through the Glaser-Hay coupling to other terminal alkynes, altering the function of a protein. In a proof-of-concept experiment, this approach has been utilized to modify the fluorescence spectrum of green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan C Maza
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Christina A Howard
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Megha A Vipani
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Christopher R Travis
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Douglas D Young
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
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25
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Choudhary M, Yadav P, Singh A, Kaur S, Ramirez-Vick J, Chandra P, Arora K, Singh SP. CD 59 Targeted Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor for Fast and Noninvasive Diagnosis of Oral Cancer. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Choudhary
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
- Department of Human Genetics; Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab- 147002 India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
| | - Anu Singh
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
| | - Satbir Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics; Punjabi University, Patiala Punjab- 147002 India
| | - Jaime Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering; Wright State University; Dayton OH 45435 USA
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology - Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | - Kavita Arora
- Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi- 110067 India
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg; New Delhi- 110012 India
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26
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Maza JC, Nimmo ZM, Young DD. Expanding the scope of alkyne-mediated bioconjugations utilizing unnatural amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:88-91. [PMID: 26499242 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The importance of bioconjugates within the field of chemistry drives the need for novel methodologies for their preparation. Well-defined and stable bioconjugates are easily accessible via the utilization of unnatural amino acids (UAAs). As such, we have synthesized and incorporated two new UAAs into green fluorescent protein, and optimized a novel Cadiot-Chodkiewicz bioconjugation, effectively expanding the toolbox of chemical reactions that can be employed in the preparation of bioconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan C Maza
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
| | - Zachary M Nimmo
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
| | - Douglas D Young
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA.
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Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB. Detection of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva and urine: Potential in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for chronic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:783-99. [PMID: 27013544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216638770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a part of the complex biological response of inflammatory cells to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, irritants, or damaged cells. This inflammation has been linked to several chronic diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Major biomarkers of inflammation include tumor necrosis factor, interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, chemokines, cyclooxygenase, 5-lipooxygenase, and C-reactive protein, all of which are regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Although examining inflammatory biomarkers in blood is a standard practice, its identification in saliva and/or urine is more convenient and non-invasive. In this review, we aim to (1) discuss the detection of these inflammatory biomarkers in urine and saliva; (2) advantages of using salivary and urinary inflammatory biomarkers over blood, while also weighing on the challenges and/or limitations of their use; (3) examine their role(s) in connection with diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and drug development for several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences, including cancer; and (4) explore the use of innovative salivary and urine based biosensor strategies that may permit the testing of biomarkers quickly, reliably, and cost-effectively, in a decentralized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Braiek M, Yang Y, Farre C, Chaix C, Bessueille F, Baraket A, Errachid A, Zhang A, Jaffrezic-Renault N. Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes Modified with Fe3O4@Au Magnetic Nanocomposites as Sensitive Platform for Detection of a Cancer Biomarker, Interleukin-8. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Braiek
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Carole Farre
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Carole Chaix
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - François Bessueille
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdoullatif Baraket
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 PR China
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- University of Lyon; Institute of Analytical Chemistry, UMR 5280 CNRS, UCBL, ENS; 69100 Villeurbanne France
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Gualtero DF, Suarez Castillo A. Biomarkers in saliva for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their potential use for early diagnosis: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:170-7. [PMID: 26577643 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the capacity of salivary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Study design A systematic review of the literature was performed based on the English titles listed in the PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane, Science Direct, ISI web Science and SciELO databases using the following search descriptors: Oral cancer, diagnosis, biomarkers, saliva and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently by two reviewers. International checklists for assessment of methodological quality were used. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation through the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) template were recognized. The units of analysis were identified through a reference matrix. Results Through the research strategy and after application of different filters and considering choosing criteria, six studies were obtained for analysis. Salivary biomarkers for oral cancer most frequently found were mRNA and proteins for IL-8, CD44, MMP-1 and MMP-3. New peptide-biomarkers such as Cyfra 21-1 and ZNF510 were found. ZNF 510 was the only biomarker which increased in the population with tumour stage T1 + T2 and T3 + T4. Only one study showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96% when the biomarker ZNF 510 is employed to discriminate early and late tumour stages. Conclusions There is no sufficient scientific evidence to support the capacity of the identified salivary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of oral cancer (sub-clinical stages of the pathogenic period before cancer phenotypes are manifested). Salivary biomarkers, however, may be employed to discriminate between healthy and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Gualtero
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
- b Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, School of Dentistry , El Bosque University , Bogota , D.C , Colombia
| | - Angela Suarez Castillo
- a Dental Sciences Research Group , Institución Universitaria Colegios De Colombia (UNICOC) School of Dentistry , Bogotá , D.C , Colombia
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30
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Desai GS, Mathews ST. Saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for inflammation and insulin-resistance. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:730-738. [PMID: 25512775 PMCID: PMC4265859 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva has been progressively studied as a non-invasive and relatively stress-free diagnostic alternative to blood. Currently, saliva testing is used for clinical assessment of hormonal perturbations, detection of HIV antibodies, DNA analysis, alcohol screening, and drug testing. Recently, there has been increasing interest in evaluating the diagnostic potential of saliva in obesity, inflammation, and insulin-resistance. Current literature has demonstrated elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ in saliva of obese/overweight children and adults. Salivary antioxidant status has also been studied as a measure of oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Further, several studies have demonstrated correlations of salivary markers of stress and insulin resistance including cortisol, insulin, adiponectin, and resistin with serum concentrations. These findings suggest the potential diagnostic value of saliva in health screening and risk stratification studies, particularly in the pediatric population, with implications for inflammatory, metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. However, additional studies are required to standardize saliva collection and storage procedures, validate analytical techniques for biomarker detection, and establish reference ranges for routine clinical use. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate recent advancements in using saliva as a diagnostic tool for inflammation and insulin-resistance.
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Malon RSP, Sadir S, Balakrishnan M, Córcoles EP. Saliva-based biosensors: noninvasive monitoring tool for clinical diagnostics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:962903. [PMID: 25276835 PMCID: PMC4172994 DOI: 10.1155/2014/962903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Saliva is increasingly recognised as an attractive diagnostic fluid. The presence of various disease signalling salivary biomarkers that accurately reflect normal and disease states in humans and the sampling benefits compared to blood sampling are some of the reasons for this recognition. This explains the burgeoning research field in assay developments and technological advancements for the detection of various salivary biomarkers to improve clinical diagnosis, management, and treatment. This paper reviews the significance of salivary biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications, with focus on the technologies and biosensing platforms that have been reported for screening these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha S. P. Malon
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Building VO1, Block A, Level 5, Room 27, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sahba Sadir
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FKM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Malarvili Balakrishnan
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Building VO1, Block A, Level 5, Room 27, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Emma P. Córcoles
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering (FBME), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Building VO1, Block A, Level 5, Room 27, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Zilberman Y, Sonkusale SR. Microfluidic optoelectronic sensor for salivary diagnostics of stomach cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 67:465-71. [PMID: 25223554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic optoelectronic sensor for saliva diagnostics with a potential application for non-invasive early diagnosis of stomach cancer. Stomach cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The primary identified cause is infection by a gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori. These bacteria secrete the enzyme urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3), leading to their elevated levels in breath and body fluids. The proposed optoelectronic sensor will detect clinically relevant levels of CO2 and NH3 in saliva that can potentially be used for early diagnosis of stomach cancer. The sensor is composed of the embedded in a microfluidic device array of microwells filled with ion-exchange polymer microbeads doped with various organic dyes. The optical response of this unique highly diverse sensor is monitored over a broad spectrum, which provides a platform for cross-reactive sensitivity and allows detection of CO2 and NH3 in saliva at ppm levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Zilberman
- NanoLab, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sameer R Sonkusale
- NanoLab, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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33
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Chianeh YR, Prabhu K. Biochemical markers in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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34
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Wang Y, Salehi M, Schütz M, Rudi K, Schlücker S. Microspectroscopic SERS detection of interleukin-6 with rationally designed gold/silver nanoshells. Analyst 2013; 138:1764-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36610c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Powers AD, Palecek SP. Protein analytical assays for diagnosing, monitoring, and choosing treatment for cancer patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012; 3:503-534. [PMID: 25147725 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is often hindered by inadequate methods for diagnosing the disease or insufficient predictive capacity regarding therapeutic efficacy. Targeted cancer treatments, including Bcr-Abl and EGFR kinase inhibitors, have increased survival for some cancer patients but are ineffective in other patients. In addition, many patients who initially respond to targeted inhibitor therapy develop resistance during the course of treatment. Molecular analysis of cancer cells has emerged as a means to tailor treatment to particular patients. While DNA analysis can provide important diagnostic information, protein analysis is particularly valuable because proteins are more direct mediators of normal and diseased cellular processes. In this review article, we discuss current and emerging protein assays for improving cancer treatment, including trends toward assay miniaturization and measurement of protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D Powers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
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36
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Osman TA, Costea DE, Johannessen AC. The use of salivary cytokines as a screening tool for oral squamous cell carcinoma : A review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:256-61. [PMID: 22923900 PMCID: PMC3424944 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.99083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. The 5-year survival rate has remained below 50% over the last two decades, and new tools for early diagnosis are needed. Saliva has been used for diagnosis of several systemic diseases, and its use for diagnosis of OSCC has been sought extensively. Among the many salivary analytes for diagnosis of OSCC, accumulating evidences indicate the possibility of using salivary cytokines. Overproduction of proinflammatory, proangiogenic cytokines by OSCC cells has been reported, and their role in tumor progression and angiogenesis is well established. However, many inflammatory conditions and immunological diseases could affect the levels of cytokines in serum and saliva. This article has reviewed publications in this matter, and some strengths and weaknesses have been pointed out. Conclusively, large-scale investigations are required for validation of the use of salivary cytokines for diagnosis of OSCC, with consideration to the influential role of periodontal inflammation in their levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarig A Osman
- Section of Pathology, The Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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37
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Liu J, Duan Y. Saliva: A potential media for disease diagnostics and monitoring. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:569-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Slavkin H, Fox C, Meyer D. Salivary Diagnostics and Its Impact in Dentistry, Research, Education, and the Professional Community. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:381-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034511420435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral fluid-based (salivary) tests have the potential to create practical, point-of-care clinical instruments that are convenient, practical, and comfortable to use in dentistry and medicine. Currently, there are no simple, accurate, and inexpensive sampling, screening, or detection methods to support definitive diagnostic platforms across dental and medical disciplines. Though the benefits from advancing screening and detection technologies seem eminent, analytical, chemical, molecular, genetic, and protein markers are still under development. Clinical applications in patient care must be validated independently to ensure that they are clinically accurate, reliable, precise, and uniformly consistent for screening and detecting specific diseases or conditions. As technology designed to improve patient care through risk assessment, prevention, and disease management is transferred into clinical practice, dentistry may need to reassess its role in general health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.C. Slavkin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103 HSC-MC 9062, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - C.H. Fox
- International & American Associations for Dental Research, 1619 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-3406, USA
| | - D.M. Meyer
- Science/Professional Affairs, American Dental Association, 211 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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39
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Chang CP, Nagel DJ, Velasquez MT, Zaghloul ME. Compact optical microfluidic uric acid analysis system. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Saikia G, Iyer PK. A Remarkable Superquenching and Superdequenching Sensor for the Selective and Noninvasive Detection of Inorganic Phosphates in Saliva. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1026675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunin Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar K. Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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41
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Integrated optical biosensor for in-line monitoring of cell cultures. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 26:1478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Markopoulos AK, Michailidou EZ, Tzimagiorgis G. Salivary markers for oral cancer detection. Open Dent J 2010; 4:172-8. [PMID: 21673842 PMCID: PMC3111739 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601004010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer refers to all malignancies that arise in the oral cavity, lips and pharynx, with 90% of all oral cancers being oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite the recent treatment advances, oral cancer is reported as having one of the highest mortality ratios amongst other malignancies and this can much be attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease. Saliva has long been tested as a valuable tool for drug monitoring and the diagnosis systemic diseases among which oral cancer. The new emerging technologies in molecular biology have enabled the discovery of new molecular markers (DNA, RNA and protein markers) for oral cancer diagnosis and surveillance which are discussed in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios K. Markopoulos
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Z. Michailidou
- Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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43
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Potential biomarkers in saliva for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2010; 46:226-31. [PMID: 20138569 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and reliable early diagnostic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unavailable. Early identification of recurrence for OSCC is also a challenge. Unlike the other deep cancers, OSCC is located in oral cavity. The DNA, RNA, and protein derived from the living cancer cells and inflammatory cells then can be conveniently obtained from saliva. High-throughput genomic and proteomic approaches have been carried out to identify the potential biomarkers in body fluids such as saliva and blood for diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC. This article reviewed the recently identified biomarkers from saliva for OSCC. In addition, the biomarkers which have been correlated with OSCC tumor malignancy by molecular pathology analysis are also described. Finally, the potential biomarkers that have been demonstrated to associate with the malignant OSCC may be used for salivary screening for high-risk patients are suggested. This article may help to identify the potential biomarkers for screening and the molecular pathology analysis for high-risk patients of OSCC. Effective screening to identify high-risk patients can allow the clinician to provide the appropriate treatment without delay and to reduce the recurrence of OSCC.
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44
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Regulation of chemokine production via oxidative pathway in HeLa cells. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2009:183760. [PMID: 20150959 PMCID: PMC2817504 DOI: 10.1155/2009/183760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with disease progression and, by largely unknown mechanisms, has been said to drive oncogenesis. At inflamed sites, neutrophils deploy a potent antimicrobial arsenal that includes proteinases, antimicrobial peptides, and ROS. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) induce chemokines. In the present study, the concentrations of IL-8 in culture supernatants of HeLa cells treated with ROS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used o-phenanthroline to deplete Fe2+ in order to investigate the mechanisms through which ROSs induce IL-8 secretion in our system.
The iron chelator o-phenanthroline effectively inhibited H2O2-induced ERK2 activation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that IL-8 protein secretion was elevated in ROS-treated HeLa cells. When Fe2+ was removed from these cells, IL-8 secretion was inhibited. Collectively, these results indicate that Fe2+-mediated Erk pathway activation is an important signal transduction pathway in ROS-induced IL-8 secretion in epithelial cells.
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45
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Aguilera-Herrador E, Cruz-Vera M, Valcárcel M. Analytical connotations of point-of-care testing. Analyst 2010; 135:2220-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00307g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Nagler RM. Saliva as a tool for oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:1006-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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47
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Jokerst JV, Raamanathan A, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Pollard AA, Simmons GW, Wong J, Gage C, Furmaga WB, Redding SW, McDevitt JT. Nano-bio-chips for high performance multiplexed protein detection: determinations of cancer biomarkers in serum and saliva using quantum dot bioconjugate labels. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3622-9. [PMID: 19576756 PMCID: PMC2740498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The integration of semiconductor nanoparticle quantum dots (QDs) into a modular, microfluidic biosensor for the multiplexed quantitation of three important cancer markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and Her-2/Neu (C-erbB-2) was achieved. The functionality of the integrated sample processing, analyte capture and detection modalities was demonstrated using both serum and whole saliva specimens. Here, nano-bio-chips that employed a fluorescence transduction signal with QD-labeled detecting antibody were used in combination with antigen capture by a microporous agarose bead array supported within a microfluidics ensemble so as to complete the sandwich-type immunoassay. The utilization of QD probes in this miniaturized biosensor format resulted in signal amplification 30 times relative to that of standard molecular fluorophores as well as affording a reduction in observed limits of detection by nearly 2 orders of magnitude (0.02 ng/mL CEA; 0.11 pM CEA) relative to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Assay validation studies indicate that measurements by the nano-bio-chip system correlate to standard methods at R(2)=0.94 and R(2)=0.95 for saliva and serum, respectively. This integrated nano-bio-chip assay system, in tandem with next-generation fluorophores, promises to be a sensitive, multiplexed tool for important diagnostic and prognostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Archana Raamanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Nicolaos Christodoulides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Pierre N. Floriano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Amanda A. Pollard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jorge Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
| | - Carole Gage
- Department of Pathology Bexar County University Hospital San Antonio, TX
| | - Wieslaw B. Furmaga
- Department of Pathology Bexar County University Hospital San Antonio, TX
| | - Spencer W. Redding
- Department of Dental Diagnostic Science University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio San Antonio, TX 78229-3900
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A5300 Austin, TX 78712
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Konry T, Hayman RB, Walt DR. Microsphere-based rolling circle amplification microarray for the detection of DNA and proteins in a single assay. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5777-82. [PMID: 19548682 PMCID: PMC2730947 DOI: 10.1021/ac900694y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a high-density microarray for simultaneous detection of proteins and DNA in a single test. In this system, Rolling Circle Amplification (RCA) was used as a signal amplification method for both protein and nucleic acid detection. The microsphere sensors were tested with synthetic DNA and purified recombinant protein analytes. The target DNA sequence was designed from a highly conserved gene that encodes the outer membrane protein P6 (OMP-P6) of both typeable and nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae. The proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 were selected as target proteins. Capture antibodies were first immobilized on fluorescently encoded microspheres. The microspheres were then loaded into the etched microwells of an imaging optical fiber bundle. A sandwich assay was performed for target proteins IL-6 and IL-8 using biotin-labeled secondary antibodies. Biotinylated capture DNA probes were then attached to the detection antibodies via an avidin bridge. A padlock probe, complementary to the target sequence, was subsequently hybridized to the capture probe. In the presence of the target sequence, the padlock probe was ligated, and this circular sequence was used for RCA. Following RCA, multiple fluorescently labeled signal probes were hybridized to each amplified sequence, and the microarray was imaged using an epi-fluorescence microscope. With this assay, detection limits down to 10 fM and 1 pM were achieved for proteins and target DNA, respectively. In addition to this new approach for detecting both protein and DNA in a single test using RCA, the limit of detection for IL-8 and IL-6 was improved by 3 orders of magnitude compared to similar microsphere-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Konry
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ryan B. Hayman
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David R. Walt
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Abstract
At present, most biomarker testing is taking place at centralised dedicated laboratories using large, automated analysers, increasing waiting time and costs. Smaller, faster and cheaper devices are highly desired for replacing these time-consuming laboratory analyses and for making analytical results available at the patient's bedside (point-of-care diagnostics). Innovative biosensor-based strategies could allow biomarkers to be tested reliably in a decentralised setting, although several challenges and limitations remain, which need to be improved, in the design and application of biosensors for the appropriate interpretation of the identified and quantified biomarkers. The development of biosensors is probably one of the most promising ways to solve some of the problems concerning the increasing need to develop highly sensitive, fast and economic methods of analysis in medical diagnostics. In this review, some consideration will be given to biosensors and their application in medical diagnostics, taking into account several crucial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence, Italy.
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