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Tavoletta I, Arcadio F, Renzullo LP, Oliva G, Del Prete D, Verolla D, Marzano C, Alberti G, Pesavento M, Zeni L, Cennamo N. Splitter-Based Sensors Realized via POFs Coupled by a Micro-Trench Filled with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3928. [PMID: 38931712 PMCID: PMC11207874 DOI: 10.3390/s24123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An optical-chemical sensor based on two modified plastic optical fibers (POFs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is realized and tested for the detection of 2-furaldehyde (2-FAL). The 2-FAL measurement is a scientific topic of great interest in different application fields, such as human health and life status monitoring in power transformers. The proposed sensor is realized by using two POFs as segmented waveguides (SW) coupled through a micro-trench milled between the fibers and then filled with a specific MIP for the 2-FAL detection. The experimental results show that the developed intensity-based sensor system is highly selective and sensitive to 2-FAL detection in aqueous solutions, with a limit of detection of about 0.04 mg L-1. The proposed sensing approach is simple and low-cost, and it shows performance comparable to that of plasmonic MIP-based sensors present in the literature for 2-FAL detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tavoletta
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luca Pasquale Renzullo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliva
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Domenico Del Prete
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Debora Verolla
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chiara Marzano
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Giancarla Alberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Pesavento
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (I.T.); (F.A.); (L.P.R.); (G.O.); (D.D.P.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (L.Z.)
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Wang H, Chen Z, Li T, Xie H, Yin B, Wong SHD, Shi Y, Zhang AP. Optofluidic chip with directly printed polymer optical waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensors for label-free biodetection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3240-3250. [PMID: 38855677 PMCID: PMC11161367 DOI: 10.1364/boe.523055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Optofluidic devices hold great promise in biomedical diagnostics and testing because of their advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, high throughput, and high scalability. However, conventional silicon-based photonic chips suffer from complicated fabrication processes and less flexibility in functionalization, thus hindering their development of cost-effective biomedical diagnostic devices for daily tests and massive applications in responding to public health crises. In this paper, we present an optofluidic chip based on directly printed polymer optical waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensors for label-free biomarker detection. With digital ultraviolet lithography technology, high-sensitivity asymmetric MZI microsensors based on a width-tailored optical waveguide are directly printed and vertically integrated with a microfluidic layer to make an optofluidic chip. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the directly printed polymer optical waveguide MZI sensor is about 1695.95 nm/RIU. After being modified with capture molecules, i.e., goat anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG), the polymer optical waveguide MZI sensors can on-chip detect human IgG at the concentration level of 1.78 pM. Such a polymer optical waveguide-based optofluidic chip has the advantages of miniaturization, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and ease in functionalization and thus has great potential in the development of daily available point-of-care diagnostic and testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhituo Chen
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Taige Li
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bohan Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Hong Dexter Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - A. Ping Zhang
- Photonics Research Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Verma S, Pathak AK, Rahman BMA. Review of Biosensors Based on Plasmonic-Enhanced Processes in the Metallic and Meta-Material-Supported Nanostructures. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:502. [PMID: 38675314 PMCID: PMC11052336 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons, continuous and cumulative electron vibrations confined to metal-dielectric interfaces, play a pivotal role in aggregating optical fields and energies on nanostructures. This confinement exploits the intrinsic subwavelength nature of their spatial profile, significantly enhancing light-matter interactions. Metals, semiconductors, and 2D materials exhibit plasmonic resonances at diverse wavelengths, spanning from ultraviolet (UV) to far infrared, dictated by their unique properties and structures. Surface plasmons offer a platform for various light-matter interaction mechanisms, capitalizing on the orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the electromagnetic field within plasmonic structures. This enhancement has been substantiated through theoretical, computational, and experimental studies. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the plasmon-enhanced processes on metallic and metamaterial-based sensors, considering factors such as geometrical influences, resonating wavelengths, chemical properties, and computational methods. Our exploration extends to practical applications, encompassing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based planar waveguides, polymer-based biochip sensors, and LSPR-based fiber sensors. Ultimately, we aim to provide insights and guidelines for the development of next-generation, high-performance plasmonic technological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Verma
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- Center for Smart Structures and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Science and Technology, City University of London, London EC1V0HB, UK
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Li R, Yu L, Li J, Li W, Feng Y, Wang J, Xu X. Sensitivity enhancement of bimodal waveguide interferometric sensor based on regional mode engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10274-10283. [PMID: 38571243 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel bimodal waveguide based on regional mode engineering (BiMW-RME). Leveraging the orthogonality of the guided modes, the form of patterned SiO2 cladding on the bimodal waveguide can reduce the interaction between the reference mode and the analyte, thereby significantly improving sensitivity. The proposed BiMW-RME sensor experimentally demonstrates a phase sensitivity of 2766 π rad/RIU/cm and a detection limit of 2.44×1-5 RIU. The sensitivity is 2.7 times higher than that of the conventional BiMW sensor on the same SOI platform. The proposed design strategy demonstrates a significant improvement in the sensor's sensitivity, presenting a novel approach to enhancing common-path interferometric sensor performance.
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Girerd T, Mandorlo F, Jamois C, Benyattou T, Ferrier L, Berguiga L. Optical sensing based on phase interrogation with a Young's interference hologram using a digital micromirror device. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3647-3659. [PMID: 38297581 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We propose a new holographic interferometric technique of phase interrogation for nanophotonic sensors, allowing to reach low phase noise and fluctuation by using a digital micromirror device spatial light modulator. With the spatial light modulator, both beam shaping and phase shifting interferometry can be simultaneously managed, hence enabling the interrogation of nanophotonic devices with a common-path heterodyne Young's interference experiment. The efficiency of the technique is illustrated in the particular case of temperature sensing using Tamm plasmon photonic crystals. The hologram sensor allows to probe resonant structures with deep attenuation at resonance, such as resonant structures at critical coupling or with phase singularities.
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Jannesari R, Pühringer G, Stocker G, Grille T, Jakoby B. Design of a High Q-Factor Label-Free Optical Biosensor Based on a Photonic Crystal Coupled Cavity Waveguide. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:193. [PMID: 38203055 PMCID: PMC10781198 DOI: 10.3390/s24010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research into silicon-based on-chip sensing. In this paper, a coupled cavity waveguide (CCW) based on a slab photonic crystal structure was designed for use as a label-free biosensor. The photonic crystal consisted of holes arranged in a triangular lattice. The incorporation of defects can be used to design sensor devices, which are highly sensitive to even slight alterations in the refractive index with a small quantity of analyte. The plane wave expansion method (PWE) was used to study the dispersion and profile of the CCW modes, and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique was used to study the transmission spectrum, quality factor, and sensitivity. We present an analysis of adiabatically coupling light into a coupled cavity waveguide. The results of the simulation indicated that a sensitivity of 203 nm/RIU and a quality factor of 13,360 could be achieved when the refractive indices were in the range of 1.33 to 1.55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Jannesari
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (G.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Gerald Pühringer
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (G.P.); (B.J.)
| | - Gerald Stocker
- Infineon Technologies Austria AG, 9520 Villach, Austria (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Grille
- Infineon Technologies Austria AG, 9520 Villach, Austria (T.G.)
| | - Bernhard Jakoby
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsensors, Johannes Kepler University, 4040 Linz, Austria; (G.P.); (B.J.)
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7
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Guliy OI, Karavaeva OA, Smirnov AV, Eremin SA, Bunin VD. Optical Sensors for Bacterial Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9391. [PMID: 38067765 PMCID: PMC10708710 DOI: 10.3390/s23239391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Analytical devices for bacterial detection are an integral part of modern laboratory medicine, as they permit the early diagnosis of diseases and their timely treatment. Therefore, special attention is directed to the development of and improvements in monitoring and diagnostic methods, including biosensor-based ones. A promising direction in the development of bacterial detection methods is optical sensor systems based on colorimetric and fluorescence techniques, the surface plasmon resonance, and the measurement of orientational effects. This review shows the detecting capabilities of these systems and the promise of electro-optical analysis for bacterial detection. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of optical sensor systems and the prospects for their further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Guliy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms—Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Karavaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms—Subdivision of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution Saratov Federal Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), Saratov 410049, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Smirnov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia;
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
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Kaushal JB, Raut P, Kumar S. Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:976. [PMID: 37998151 PMCID: PMC10669243 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, thus offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic electronics' remarkable progress and potential in biosensing applications. It explores the multifaceted aspects of organic materials and devices, thereby highlighting their unique advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-cost fabrication. The paper delves into the diverse range of biosensors enabled by organic electronics, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors, thus showcasing their versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, integrating organic biosensors into wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is discussed, wherein they offer real-time, remote, and personalized monitoring solutions. The review also addresses the current challenges and future prospects of organic biosensing, thus emphasizing the potential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine, environmental sustainability, and the advancement of human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (J.B.K.); (P.R.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Durham School of Architectural Engineering and Construction, Scott Campus, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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Mapar M, Sjöberg M, Zhdanov VP, Agnarsson B, Höök F. Label-free quantification of protein binding to lipid vesicles using transparent waveguide evanescent-field scattering microscopy with liquid control. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4003-4016. [PMID: 37799672 PMCID: PMC10549727 DOI: 10.1364/boe.490051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent innovations in microscopy techniques are paving the way for label-free studies of single nanoscopic biological entities such as viruses, lipid-nanoparticle drug carriers, and even proteins. One such technique is waveguide evanescent-field microscopy, which offers a relatively simple, yet sensitive, way of achieving label-free light scattering-based imaging of nanoparticles on surfaces. Herein, we extend the application of this technique by incorporating microfluidic liquid control and adapting the design for use with inverted microscopes by fabricating a waveguide on a transparent substrate. We furthermore formulate analytical models describing scattering and fluorescence intensities from single spherical and shell-like objects interacting with evanescent fields. The models are then applied to analyze scattering and fluorescence intensities from adsorbed polystyrene beads and to temporally resolve cholera-toxin B (CTB) binding to individual surface-immobilized glycosphingolipid GM1 containing vesicles. We also propose a self-consistent means to quantify the thickness of the CTB layer, revealing that protein-binding to individual vesicles can be characterized with sub-nm precision in a time-resolved manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Mapar
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sjöberg
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Nanolyze AB, BioVentureHub, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-43183 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Vladimir P. Zhdanov
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Björn Agnarsson
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Nanolyze AB, BioVentureHub, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-43183 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Division of Biological Physics, Department of Physics,
Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Gut K, Błahut M. Influence of Ion Exchange Process Parameters on Broadband Differential Interference. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6092. [PMID: 37447941 DOI: 10.3390/s23136092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of broadband differential interference in planar gradient waveguides made via K+-Na+ ion exchange in BK-7 glass. This technology, due to its large polarimetric dispersion, is especially useful for applications in differential interferometry. We discuss the influence of technological parameters on the operation characteristics of the structure in terms of sensor applications. The refractive index variation in the measured external surroundings affects the modal properties of TE and TM modes and the spectral distribution at the output of the differential interferometer. The optical system described in this work has been designed specifically for use in biological systems where variations in the index of refraction need to be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazimierz Gut
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Błahut
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Speets PNA, Kalkman J. Measuring optical properties of clear and turbid media with broadband spectral interferometry. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:4349-4358. [PMID: 37706927 DOI: 10.1364/ao.488543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The group index, n g, group velocity dispersion (GVD), and scattering attenuation coefficient, μ s, were measured for dilutions of glycerol, ethanol, and Intralipid 20% with water. Experiments were performed with a supercontinuum laser based Mach-Zehnder spectroscopic interferometry setup for wavelengths between 400 and 930 nm. All optical properties could be retrieved from a single calibrated measurement of the interference spectrum. Scattering attenuation was determined from the envelope of the interference. The group index and GVD were retrieved from the unwrapped spectral phase. It was found that the group indices of glycerol and ethanol dilutions are in accordance with the Lorentz-Lorenz mixing formula. The scattering attenuation matches well to a semi-empirical model based on the Twerksy effective packing fraction.
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Aliqab K, Dave K, Sorathiya V, Alsharari M, Armghan A. Numerical analysis of Phase change material and graphene-based tunable refractive index sensor for infrared frequency spectrum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7653. [PMID: 37169848 PMCID: PMC10175499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34859-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the findings of parametric analysis into a phase transition material Ge2Sb2Te5(GST)-based, graphene-based, with a wide dynamic range in the infrared and visible electromagnetic spectrum. The suggested structure is studied in multi-layered configurations, built up with layers of GST, graphene, silicon, and silver materials. These multilayer structures' reflectance behavior has been described for refractive indices between 1.3 and 2.5. The complete design is simulated using a computational process called the finite element method. Additionally, we have investigated the impact of material heights on the structure's performance in general. We have presented several resonating tracing curves in polynomial equations to determine the sensing behavior across a specific wavelength range and refractive index values. The proposed design is also investigated at various inclined angles of incidence to ascertain its wide-angle stability. A computational study of the proposed structure can assist in the evolution of biosensors to identify a wide range of biomolecules, including malignant, hemoglobin urine, saliva-cortisol, and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aliqab
- Department of Electrical Engineering. College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kavan Dave
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India
| | - Vishal Sorathiya
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, 391 760, Gujarat, India
| | - Meshari Alsharari
- Department of Electrical Engineering. College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Armghan
- Department of Electrical Engineering. College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia.
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Bonart H, Gebhard F, Hecht L, Roy T, Liebchen B, Hardt S. Detecting Isotachophoresis Zones Hidden in Noise Using Signal Processing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7575-7583. [PMID: 37133530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the limit of detection in chemical or biochemical analysis is key to extending the application scope of sensing schemes. Usually, this is related to an increased instrumentation effort, which in turn precludes many commercial applications. We demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio of isotachophoresis-based microfluidic sensing schemes can be substantially increased merely by postprocessing of recorded signals. This becomes possible by exploiting knowledge about the physics of the underlying measurement process. The implementation of our method is based on microfluidic isotachophoresis and fluorescence detection, for which we take advantage of the physics of electrophoretic sample transport and the structure of noise in the imaging process. We demonstrate that by processing only 200 images, the detectable concentration, compared to the detection from a single image, is already lowered by 2 orders of magnitude without any additional instrumentation effort. Furthermore, we show that the signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to the square root of the number of fluorescence images, which leaves room for further lowering of the detection limit. In the future, our results could be relevant for various applications where the detection of minute sample amounts plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Bonart
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Center for Computational Engineering, Dolivostraße 15, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Hecht
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tamal Roy
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Groeneveld I, Jaspars A, Akca IB, Somsen GW, Ariese F, van Bommel MR. Use of liquid-core waveguides as photochemical reactors and/or for chemical analysis – An overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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15
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Assessment of Diabetes Biomarker Monitoring via Novel Biosensor Activity. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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16
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Chen C, Wang K, Luo L. AuNPs and 2D functional nanomaterial-assisted SPR development for the cancer detection: a critical review. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer ranks as a leading cause of death and a huge obstacle to rising life expectancy. If cancers are spotted early there's a high chance of survival. The conventional methods relying on the phenotypic features of the tumor are not powerful to the early screening of cancer. Cancer biomarkers are capable of indicating specific cancer states. Current biochemical assay suffers from time and reagents consuming and discontinuous monitoring. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, a refractive index-based optical biosensor, has significant promise in biomarker detection because of its outstanding features of label-free, sensitivity, and reliability. The nanomaterial features exotic physical and chemical property work on the process of transferring biorecognition event into SPR signal and hence is functioned as signal enhancer. In this review, we mainly discussed the mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and two-dimensional (2D) functional nanomaterial for improving the SPR signal. We also introduced AuNPs and 2D nanomaterial assisted SPR technology in determining cancer biomarker. Last but not least, we discussed the challenges and outlooks of the aforementioned reformative SPR technology for cancer biomarker determination in the clinical trial.
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Karasiński P, Zięba M, Gondek E, Nizioł J, Gorantla S, Rola K, Bachmatiuk A, Tyszkiewicz C. Sol-Gel Derived Silica-Titania Waveguide Films for Applications in Evanescent Wave Sensors-Comprehensive Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7641. [PMID: 36363233 PMCID: PMC9654017 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composite silica-titania waveguide films of refractive index ca. 1.8 are fabricated on glass substrates using a sol-gel method and dip-coating technique. Tetraethyl orthosilicate and tetraethyl orthotitanate with molar ratio 1:1 are precursors. Fabricated waveguides are annealed at 500 °C for 60 min. Their optical properties are studied using ellipsometry and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Optical losses are determined using the streak method. The material structure and chemical composition, of the silica-titania films are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The surface morphology was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The results presented in this work show that the waveguide films are amorphous, and their parameters are stable for over a 13 years. The optical losses depend on their thickness and light polarization. Their lowest values are less than 0.06 dB cm-1. The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis of scattering losses on nanocrystals and pores in the bulk and interfaces of the waveguide film. These results combined with experimental data clearly indicate that light scattering at the interface to a glass substrate is the main source of optical losses. Presented waveguide films are suitable for application in evanescent wave sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Karasiński
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zięba
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Gondek
- Institute of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Nizioł
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sandeep Gorantla
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rola
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alicja Bachmatiuk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Cuma Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. B. Krzywoustego 2, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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18
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Li B, Sun H, Zhang H, Li Y, Zang J, Cao X, Zhu X, Zhao X, Zhang Z. Refractive Index Sensor Based on the Fano Resonance in Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguides Coupled with a Whistle-Shaped Cavity. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1592. [PMID: 36295945 PMCID: PMC9610565 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that consist of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides and a whistle-shaped cavity is proposed. The transmission properties were simulated numerically by using the finite element method. The Fano resonance phenomenon can be observed in their transmission spectra, which is due to the coupling of SPPs between the transmission along the clockwise and anticlockwise directions. The refractive index-sensing properties based on the Fano resonance were investigated by changing the refractive index of the insulator of the MIM waveguide. Modulation of the structural parameters on the Fano resonance and the optics transmission properties of the coupled structure of two MIM waveguides with a whistle-shaped cavity were designed and evaluated. The results of this study will help in the design of new photonic devices and micro-sensors with high sensitivity, and can serve as a guide for future application of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Software, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Huarong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Huinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yuetang Li
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Junbin Zang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xiyuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Xupeng Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhao
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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Performance of label-free optical biosensors: What is figure of merit (not) telling us? Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Progress and Challenges of Point-of-Need Photonic Biosensors for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infections and Immunity. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090678. [PMID: 36140063 PMCID: PMC9496547 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to affect the world and after more than two years of the pandemic, approximately half a billion people are reported to have been infected. Due to its high contagiousness, our life has changed dramatically, with consequences that remain to be seen. To prevent the transmission of the virus, it is crucial to diagnose COVID-19 accurately, such that the infected cases can be rapidly identified and managed. Currently, the gold standard of testing is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which provides the highest accuracy. However, the reliance on centralized rapid testing modalities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic has made access to timely diagnosis inconsistent and inefficient. Recent advancements in photonic biosensors with respect to cost-effectiveness, analytical performance, and portability have shown the potential for such platforms to enable the delivery of preventative and diagnostic care beyond clinics and into point-of-need (PON) settings. Herein, we review photonic technologies that have become commercially relevant throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as emerging research in the field of photonic biosensors, shedding light on prospective technologies for responding to future health outbreaks. Therefore, in this article, we provide a review of recent progress and challenges of photonic biosensors that are developed for the testing of COVID-19, consisting of their working fundamentals and implementation for COVID-19 testing in practice with emphasis on the challenges that are faced in different development stages towards commercialization. In addition, we also present the characteristics of a biosensor both from technical and clinical perspectives. We present an estimate of the impact of testing on disease burden (in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), and Quality-Adjusted Life Days (QALDs)) and how improvements in cost can lower the economic impact and lead to reduced or averted DALYs. While COVID19 is the main focus of these technologies, similar concepts and approaches can be used and developed for future outbreaks of other infectious diseases.
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21
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Qin J, Jiang S, Wang Z, Cheng X, Li B, Shi Y, Tsai DP, Liu AQ, Huang W, Zhu W. Metasurface Micro/Nano-Optical Sensors: Principles and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11598-11618. [PMID: 35960685 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are 2D artificial materials consisting of arrays of metamolecules, which are exquisitely designed to manipulate light in terms of amplitude, phase, and polarization state with spatial resolutions at the subwavelength scale. Traditional micro/nano-optical sensors (MNOSs) pursue high sensitivity through strongly localized optical fields based on diffractive and refractive optics, microcavities, and interferometers. Although detections of ultra-low concentrations of analytes have already been demonstrated, the label-free sensing and recognition of complex and unknown samples remain challenging, requiring multiple readouts from sensors, e.g., refractive index, absorption/emission spectrum, chirality, etc. Additionally, the reliability of detecting large, inhomogeneous biosamples may be compromised by the limited near-field sensing area from the localization of light. Here, we review recent advances in metasurface-based MNOSs and compare them with counterparts using micro-optics from aspects of physics, working principles, and applications. By virtue of underlying the physics and design flexibilities of metasurfaces, MNOSs have now been endowed with superb performances and advanced functionalities, leading toward highly integrated smart sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Shibin Jiang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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22
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Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Biosensing for Quantitative and Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Plasma. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080553. [PMID: 35892450 PMCID: PMC9394312 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has once more emphasized the urgent need for accurate and fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for outbreak control and prevention. The main challenge in the development of POC in vitro diagnostics (IVD) is to combine a short time to result with a high sensitivity, and to keep the testing cost-effective. In this respect, sensors based on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) may offer advantages as they have features such as a high analytical sensitivity, capability for multiplexing, ease of miniaturization, and the potential for high-volume manufacturing. One special type of PIC sensor is the asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (aMZI), which is characterized by a high and tunable analytical sensitivity. The current work describes the application of an aMZI-based biosensor platform for sensitive and multiplex detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma samples using the spike protein (SP), the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleocapsid protein (NP) as target antigens. The results are in good agreement with several CE-IVD marked reference methods and demonstrate the potential of the aMZI biosensor technology for further development into a photonic IVD platform.
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23
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Cheng B, Zellweger T, Malchow K, Zhang X, Lewerenz M, Passerini E, Aeschlimann J, Koch U, Luisier M, Emboras A, Bouhelier A, Leuthold J. Atomic scale memristive photon source. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:78. [PMID: 35351848 PMCID: PMC8964763 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Memristive devices are an emerging new type of devices operating at the scale of a few or even single atoms. They are currently used as storage elements and are investigated for performing in-memory and neuromorphic computing. Amongst these devices, Ag/amorphous-SiOx/Pt memristors are among the most studied systems, with the electrically induced filament growth and dynamics being thoroughly investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, we report the observation of a novel feature in these devices: The appearance of new photoluminescent centers in SiOx upon memristive switching, and photon emission correlated with the conductance changes. This observation might pave the way towards an intrinsically memristive atomic scale light source with applications in neural networks, optical interconnects, and quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Cheng
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Till Zellweger
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Malchow
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mila Lewerenz
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Elias Passerini
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jan Aeschlimann
- ETH Zurich, Integrated Systems Laboratory, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Koch
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Luisier
- ETH Zurich, Integrated Systems Laboratory, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandre Bouhelier
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, 21078, France
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
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24
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Eder C, Briesen H. Interferometric Probing of Physical and Chemical Properties of Solutions: Noncontact Investigation of Liquids. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:99-121. [PMID: 35300516 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interferometry is a highly versatile tool for probing physical and chemical phenomena. In addition to the benefit of noncontact investigations, even spatially resolved information can be obtained by choosing a suitable setup. This review presents the evolution of the various setups that have evolved since the first interferometers were developed in the mid-nineteenth century and highlights the benefits, limitations, and typical areas of application. This review focuses on interferometry based on electromagnetic waves in the near-infrared and visible range applied to liquid samples, categorizes the chemical/physical properties (e.g., pressure, temperature, composition) and phenomena (e.g., evaporation, crystal growth, diffusion, thermophoresis) that can be assessed, and presents a comprehensive literature review of specific existing applications. Finally, it discusses some fundamental open questions with respect to geometric considerations and overlapping effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Eder
- Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
| | - Heiko Briesen
- Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
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25
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Denoising of Fluorescence Image on the Surface of Quantum Dot/Nanoporous Silicon Biosensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041366. [PMID: 35214261 PMCID: PMC8962970 DOI: 10.3390/s22041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the process of biological detection of porous silicon photonic crystals based on quantum dots, the concentration of target organisms can be indirectly measured via the change in the gray value of the fluorescence emitted from the quantum dots in the porous silicon pores before and after the biological reaction on the surface of the device. However, due to the disordered nanostructures in porous silicon and the roughness of the surface, the fluorescence images on the surface contain noise. This paper analyzes the type of noise and its influence on the gray value of fluorescent images. The change in the gray value caused by noise greatly reduces the detection sensitivity. To reduce the influence of noise on the gray value of quantum dot fluorescence images, this paper proposes a denoising method based on gray compression and nonlocal anisotropic diffusion filtering. We used the proposed method to denoise the quantum dot fluorescence image after DNA hybridization in a Bragg structure porous silicon device. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of digital image detection improved significantly after denoising.
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26
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Cennamo N, Bossi AM, Arcadio F, Maniglio D, Zeni L. On the Effect of Soft Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles Receptors Combined to Nanoplasmonic Probes for Biomedical Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:801489. [PMID: 34993190 PMCID: PMC8724520 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.801489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft, deformable, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) were combined to nano-plasmonic sensor chips realized on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates to develop highly sensitive bio/chemical sensors. NanoMIPs (dmean < 50 nm), which are tailor-made nanoreceptors prepared by a template assisted synthesis, were made selective to bind Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and were herein used to functionalize gold optical nanostructures placed on a PMMA substrate, this latter acting as a slab waveguide. We compared nanoMIP-functionalized non-optimized gold nanogratings based on periodic nano-stripes to optimized nanogratings with a deposited ultra-thin MIP layer (<100 nm). The sensors performances were tested by the detection of BSA using the same setup, in which both chips were considered as slab waveguides, with the periodic nano-stripes allocated in a longitudinal orientation with respect to the direction of the input light. Result demonstrated the nanoMIP-non optimized nanogratings showed superior performance with respect to the ultra-thin MIP-optimized nanogratings. The peculiar deformable character of the nano-MIPs enabled to significantly enhance the limit of detection (LOD) of the plasmonic bio/sensor, allowing the detection of the low femtomolar concentration of analyte (LOD ∼ 3 fM), thus outpassing of four orders of magnitude the sensitivies achieved so far on optimized nano-patterned plasmonic platforms functionalized with ultra-thin MIP layers. Thus, deformable nanoMIPs onto non-optimized plasmonic probes permit to attain ultralow detections, down to the quasi-single molecule. As a general consideration, the combination of more plasmonic transducers to different kinds of MIP receptors is discussed as a mean to attain the detection range for the selected application field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- BIOtech Center for Biomedical Technologies, Department for Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, Italy
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27
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Lopez-Muñoz GA, Mughal S, Ramón-Azcón J. Sensors and Biosensors in Organs-on-a-Chip Platforms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:55-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Wang C, Zhang D, Yue J, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang T, Chen C, Fei T. Optical Waveguide Sensors for Measuring Human Temperature and Humidity with Gel Polymer Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60384-60392. [PMID: 34894646 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multimodal responsive optical waveguide sensors using a stable cross-linking gel polymer electrolyte are successfully designed and fabricated by bottom metal-printing technology. Temperature and humidity sensing characterization based on the polymer electrolyte is simulated and analyzed. The multimodal responsive properties of the photonic chip are defined based on the analysis of ion relaxation dynamics: optical phase variable to monitor temperature and optical attenuation variable to detect humidity. In the supervising temperature (36.0-38.0 °C) and relative humidity (45-65%) range, the temperature and humidity sensitivities of the device are measured as 0.5π rad/°C and 1.14 dB/% RH, respectively. The fast-response time for both temperature and humidity of the multifunctional sensor can be obtained as 4.21 ms and 1.32 s, respectively. These findings provide a feasible scheme for the design and application of temperature and humidity sensors in potential medical treatment. From gel polymer electrolytes to multimode monitoring applications, the application exploration of high stability and ultrafast response multimode waveguide sensors is gradually being carried out. This study has great significance for the comprehensive monitoring of sophisticated human physical signs by multimodal responsive waveguide sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Daming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenlin Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Changming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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29
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Dawson H, Elias J, Etienne P, Calas-Etienne S. The Rise of the OM-LoC: Opto-Microfluidic Enabled Lab-on-Chip. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1467. [PMID: 34945317 PMCID: PMC8706692 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The integration of optical circuits with microfluidic lab-on-chip (LoC) devices has resulted in a new era of potential in terms of both sample manipulation and detection at the micro-scale. On-chip optical components increase both control and analytical capabilities while reducing reliance on expensive laboratory photonic equipment that has limited microfluidic development. Notably, in-situ LoC devices for bio-chemical applications such as diagnostics and environmental monitoring could provide great value as low-cost, portable and highly sensitive systems. Multiple challenges remain however due to the complexity involved with combining photonics with micro-fabricated systems. Here, we aim to highlight the progress that optical on-chip systems have made in recent years regarding the main LoC applications: (1) sample manipulation and (2) detection. At the same time, we aim to address the constraints that limit industrial scaling of this technology. Through evaluating various fabrication methods, material choices and novel approaches of optic and fluidic integration, we aim to illustrate how optic-enabled LoC approaches are providing new possibilities for both sample analysis and manipulation.
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30
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Torrijos-Morán L, García-Rupérez J. Design of slow-light-enhanced bimodal interferometers using dimensionality reduction techniques. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33962-33975. [PMID: 34809196 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interferometers usually require long paths for the ever-increasing requirements of high-performance operation, which hinders the miniaturization and integration of photonic circuits into very compact devices. Slow-light based interferometers provide interesting advantages in terms of both compactness and sensitivity, although their optimization is computationally costly and inefficient, due to the large number of parameters to be simultaneously designed. Here we propose the design of slow-light-enhanced bimodal interferometers by using principal component analysis to reduce the high-dimensional design space. A low-dimensional hyperplane containing all optimized designs is provided and investigated for changes in the silicon core and cladding refractive index. As a result, all-dielectric single-channel interferometers as modulators of only 33 µm2 footprint and sensors with 19.2 × 103 2πrad/RIU·cm sensitivity values are reported and validated by 2 different simulation methods. This work allows the design and optimization of slow light interferometers for different applications by considering several performance criteria, which can be extended to other photonic structures.
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Zhao C, Xu L, Liu L. Ultrahigh Sensitivity Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensor Based on a Weak One-Dimensional Field Confinement Silica Waveguide. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196600. [PMID: 34640918 PMCID: PMC8512376 DOI: 10.3390/s21196600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel Mach−Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor that utilizes a weak one-dimensional field confinement silica waveguide (WCSW). The WCSW has a large horizontal and vertical aspect ratio and low refractive index difference, which features easy preparation and a large evanescent field for achieving high waveguide sensitivity. We experimentally achieved WCSW ultrahigh waveguide sensitivity of 0.94, MZI sensitivity of 44,364 π/RIU and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.1 × 10−7 RIU.
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Saftics A, Kurunczi S, Peter B, Szekacs I, Ramsden JJ, Horvath R. Data evaluation for surface-sensitive label-free methods to obtain real-time kinetic and structural information of thin films: A practical review with related software packages. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102431. [PMID: 34330074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial layers are important in a wide range of applications in biomedicine, biosensing, analytical chemistry and the maritime industries. Given the growing number of applications, analysis of such layers and understanding their behavior is becoming crucial. Label-free surface sensitive methods are excellent for monitoring the formation kinetics, structure and its evolution of thin layers, even at the nanoscale. In this paper, we review existing and commercially available label-free techniques and demonstrate how the experimentally obtained data can be utilized to extract kinetic and structural information during and after formation, and any subsequent adsorption/desorption processes. We outline techniques, some traditional and some novel, based on the principles of optical and mechanical transduction. Our special focus is the current possibilities of combining label-free methods, which is a powerful approach to extend the range of detected and deduced parameters. We summarize the most important theoretical considerations for obtaining reliable information from measurements taking place in liquid environments and, hence, with layers in a hydrated state. A thorough treamtmaent of the various kinetic and structural quantities obtained from evaluation of the raw label-free data are provided. Such quantities include layer thickness, refractive index, optical anisotropy (and molecular orientation derived therefrom), degree of hydration, viscoelasticity, as well as association and dissociation rate constants and occupied area of subsequently adsorbed species. To demonstrate the effect of variations in model conditions on the observed data, simulations of kinetic curves at various model settings are also included. Based on our own extensive experience with optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (OWLS) and the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), we have developed dedicated software packages for data analysis, which are made available to the scientific community alongside this paper.
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Arcadio F, Zeni L, Minardo A, Eramo C, Di Ronza S, Perri C, D’Agostino G, Chiaretti G, Porto G, Cennamo N. A Nanoplasmonic-Based Biosensing Approach for Wide-Range and Highly Sensitive Detection of Chemicals. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081961. [PMID: 34443792 PMCID: PMC8399562 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In a specific biosensing application, a nanoplasmonic sensor chip has been tested by an experimental setup based on an aluminum holder and two plastic optical fibers used to illuminate and collect the transmitted light. The studied plasmonic probe is based on gold nanograting, realized on the top of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip. The PMMA substrate could be considered as a transparent substrate and, in such a way, it has been already used in previous work. Alternatively, here it is regarded as a slab waveguide. In particular, we have deposited upon the slab surface, covered with a nanograting, a synthetic receptor specific for bovine serum albumin (BSA), to test the proposed biosensing approach. Exploiting this different experimental configuration, we have determined how the orientation of the nanostripes forming the grating pattern, with respect to the direction of the input light (longitudinal or orthogonal), influences the biosensing performances. For example, the best limit of detection (LOD) in the BSA detection that has been obtained is equal to 23 pM. Specifically, the longitudinal configuration is characterized by two observable plasmonic phenomena, each sensitive to a different BSA concentration range, ranging from pM to µM. This aspect plays a key role in several biochemical sensing applications, where a wide working range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arcadio
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Aldo Minardo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Caterina Eramo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Stefania Di Ronza
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Chiara Perri
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
| | - Girolamo D’Agostino
- Moresense Srl., Filarete Foundation, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Guido Chiaretti
- Moresense Srl., Filarete Foundation, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Porto
- Moresense Srl., Filarete Foundation, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Nunzio Cennamo
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma, 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (F.A.); (L.Z.); (A.M.); (C.E.); (S.D.R.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5010-379
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Microfluidics-Based Plasmonic Biosensing System Based on Patterned Plasmonic Nanostructure Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070826. [PMID: 34357236 PMCID: PMC8303257 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Kudelin I, Sugavanam S, Chernysheva M. Single-shot interferometric measurement of pulse-to-pulse stability of absolute phase using a time-stretch technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18734-18742. [PMID: 34154123 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the absolute phase of ultrashort optical pulses in real-time is crucial for various applications, including frequency comb and high-field physics. Modern single-shot techniques, such as dispersive Fourier transform and time-lens, make it possible to investigate non-repetitive spectral dynamics of ultrashort pulses yet do not provide the information on absolute phase. In this work, we demonstrate a novel approach to characterise single-shot pulse-to-pulse stability of the absolute phase with the acquisition rate of 15 MHz. The acquisition rate, limited by the repetition rate of the used free-running mode-locked Erbium-doped fibre laser, substantially exceeds one of the traditional techniques. The method is based on the time-stretch technique. It exploits a simple all-fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometric setup with a remarkable resolution of ∼7.3 mrad. Using the proposed method, we observed phase oscillations in the output pulses governed by fluctuations in the pulse intensity due to Kerr-induced self-phase modulation at frequencies peaked at 4.6 kHz. As a proof-of-concept application of the demonstrated interferometric methodology, we evaluated phase behaviour during vibration exposure on the laser platform. The results propose a new view on the phase measurements that provide a novel avenue for numerous sensing applications with MHz data frequencies.
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Li X, Chen N, Zhou X, Gong P, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. A review of specialty fiber biosensors based on interferometer configuration. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100068. [PMID: 33797865 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber biosensors have attracted extensive research attention in fields such as public health research, environmental science, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and drug research. Accurate detection of biomolecules is essential to limit the extent of disease outbreaks and provide valuable guidance for regulatory agencies to take timely measures. Among many optical fiber sensors, optical fiber biosensors based on specialty fibers have the advantages of biocompatibility, small size, high measurement resolution, high stability and immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, four types interferometer biosensors based on specialty fiber, namely Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer, Fabry - Perot interferometer and Sagnac interferometer, are reviewed in terms of operating principles, sensing structure and application fields. The fiber types are further divided into micro-nano optical fiber, thin core fiber, polarization maintaining fiber, polymer fiber, microstructure optical fiber. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of these interferometer biosensors. Finally, main challenging problems and expectational development direction of specialty fiber interferometer biosensors are summarized. This text clearly shows the huge development potential of optical fiber biosensors in biomedical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengqi Gong
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shankun Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Changes in Optical Parameters of SiO 2:TiO 2 Films Obtained by Sol-Gel Method Observed as a Result of Thermal Treatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092290. [PMID: 33925144 PMCID: PMC8125002 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The research focused on materials having potential applications in technology of planar evanescent wave sensors. Four samples of binary SiO2:TiO2 thin films having different titania content were manufactured through the sol-gel method and dip-coating technique on polished silicon substrates. The samples were subjected to repeated heating/cooling protocols. Simultaneously, their optical parameters were monitored by spectroscopic ellipsometry as they evolved under varying temperature. Subsequent analysis confirmed linear dependence of refractive index on titania content, at least in vis-NIR wavelengths, as well as a low value of the thermal expansion coefficient. It was shown that the thickness of SiO2:TiO2 films decreased as a result of annealing processes, which may be a consequence of reduced porosity.
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Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Irrera A. Biosensing platforms based on silicon nanostructures: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1160:338393. [PMID: 33894957 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are revolutionizing the health-care systems worldwide, permitting to survey several diseases, even at their early stage, by using different biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and other biomarkers. However, these sensing approaches are still scarcely diffused outside the specialized medical and research facilities. Silicon is the undiscussed leader of the whole microelectronics industry, and novel sensors based on this material may completely change the health-care scenario. In this review, we will show how novel sensing platforms based on Si nanostructures may have a disruptive impact on applications with a real commercial transfer. A critical study for the main Si-based biosensors is herein presented with a comparison of their advantages and drawbacks. The most appealing sensing devices are discussed, starting from electronic transducers, with Si nanowires field-effect transistor (FET) and porous Si, to their optical alternatives, such as effective optical thickness porous silicon, photonic crystals, luminescent Si quantum dots, and finally luminescent Si NWs. All these sensors are investigated in terms of working principle, sensitivity, and selectivity with a specific focus on the possibility of their industrial transfer, and which ones may be preferred for a medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy; CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per La Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, Italy; CNR-IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria José Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy; CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per La Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy.
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Djisalov M, Knežić T, Podunavac I, Živojević K, Radonic V, Knežević NŽ, Bobrinetskiy I, Gadjanski I. Cultivating Multidisciplinarity: Manufacturing and Sensing Challenges in Cultured Meat Production. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:204. [PMID: 33803111 PMCID: PMC7998526 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meat cultivation via cellular agriculture holds great promise as a method for future food production. In theory, it is an ideal way of meat production, humane to the animals and sustainable for the environment, while keeping the same taste and nutritional values as traditional meat and having additional benefits such as controlled fat content and absence of antibiotics and hormones used in the traditional meat industry. However, in practice, there is still a number of challenges, such as those associated with the upscale of cultured meat (CM). CM food safety monitoring is a necessary factor when envisioning both the regulatory compliance and consumer acceptance. To achieve this, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. This includes extensive development of the sensitive and specific analytical devices i.e., sensors to enable reliable food safety monitoring throughout the whole future food supply chain. In addition, advanced monitoring options can help in the further optimization of the meat cultivation which may reduce the currently still high costs of production. This review presents an overview of the sensor monitoring options for the most relevant parameters of importance for meat cultivation. Examples of the various types of sensors that can potentially be used in CM production are provided and the options for their integration into bioreactors, as well as suggestions on further improvements and more advanced integration approaches. In favor of the multidisciplinary approach, we also include an overview of the bioreactor types, scaffolding options as well as imaging techniques relevant for CM research. Furthermore, we briefly present the current status of the CM research and related regulation, societal aspects and challenges to its upscaling and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivana Gadjanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Dj.); (T.K.); (I.P.); (K.Ž.); (V.R.); (N.Ž.K.); (I.B.)
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Towards the Development of Portable and In Situ Optical Devices for Detection of Micro and Nanoplastics in Water: A Review on the Current Status. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050730. [PMID: 33673495 PMCID: PMC7956778 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent nature of micro and nanoplastics (MP/NPs) on environmental pollution and health-related issues has led to the development of various methods, usually based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, for their detection. Unfortunately, most of the developed techniques are laboratory-based with little focus on in situ detection of MPs. In this review, we aim to give an up-to-date report on the different optical measurement methods that have been exploited in the screening of MPs isolated from their natural environments, such as water. The progress and the potential of portable optical sensors for field studies of MPs are described, including remote sensing methods. We also propose other optical methods to be considered for the development of potential in situ integrated optical devices for continuous detection of MPs and NPs. Integrated optical solutions are especially necessary for the development of robust portable and in situ optical sensors for the quantitative detection and classification of water-based MPs.
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41
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Liang R, Ma G, Jing W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Tao N, Wang S. Charge-Sensitive Optical Detection of Small Molecule Binding Kinetics in Normal Ionic Strength Buffer. ACS Sens 2021; 6:364-370. [PMID: 32842724 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most label-free detection technologies detect the masses of molecules, and their sensitivities thus decrease with molecular weight, making it challenging to detect small molecules. To address this need, we have developed a charge-sensitive optical detection (CSOD) technique, which detects the charge rather than the mass of a molecule with an optical fiber. However, the effective charge of a molecule decreases with the buffer ionic strength. For this reason, the previous CSOD works with diluted buffers, which could affect the measured molecular binding kinetics. Here, we show a technique capable of detecting molecular binding kinetics in normal ionic strength buffers. An H-shaped sample well was developed to increase the current density at the sensing area to compensate the signal loss due to ionic screening at normal ionic strength buffer, while keeping the current density low at the electrodes to minimize the electrode reaction. In addition, agarose gels were used to cover the electrodes to prevent electrode reaction generated bubbles from entering the sensing area. With this new design, we have measured the binding kinetics between G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their small molecule ligands in normal buffer. We found that the affinities measured in normal buffer are stronger than those measured in diluted buffer, likely due to the stronger electrostatic repulsion force between the same charged ligands and receptors in the diluted buffer.
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42
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Nabok A, Al-Jawdah AM, Gémes B, Takács E, Székács A. An Optical Planar Waveguide-Based Immunosensors for Determination of Fusarium Mycotoxin Zearalenone. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020089. [PMID: 33504112 PMCID: PMC7911535 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A planar waveguide (PW) immunosensor working as a polarisation interferometer was developed for the detection of mycotoxin zearalenone (ZON). The main element of the sensor is an optical waveguide consisting of a thin silicon nitride layer between two thicker silicon dioxide layers. A combination of a narrow waveguiding core made by photolithography with an advanced optical set-up providing a coupling of circular polarised light into the PW via its slanted edge allowed the realization of a novel sensing principle by detection of the phase shift between the p- and s-components of polarised light propagating through the PW. As the p-component is sensitive to refractive index changes at the waveguide interface, molecular events between the sensor surface and the contacting sample solution can be detected. To detect ZON concentrations in the sample solution, ZON-specific antibodies were immobilised on the waveguide via an electrostatically deposited polyelectrolyte layer, and protein A was adsorbed on it. Refractive index changes on the surface due to the binding of ZON molecules to the anchored antibodies were detected in a concentration-dependent manner up to 1000 ng/mL of ZON, allowing a limit of detection of 0.01 ng/mL. Structurally unrelated mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 or ochratoxin A did not exert observable cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Nabok
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7854-805603
| | - Ali Madlool Al-Jawdah
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
- College of Sciences, Babylon University, P.O. Box 4, Hilla 51002, Iraq
| | - Borbála Gémes
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Eszter Takács
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.G.); (E.T.)
| | - András Székács
- Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Research and Innovation Centre, Herman Ottó út 15, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.G.); (E.T.)
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Vercauteren R, Leprince A, Mahillon J, Francis LA. Porous Silicon Biosensor for the Detection of Bacteria through Their Lysate. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 33498536 PMCID: PMC7909573 DOI: 10.3390/bios11020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has been widely used as a biosensor in recent years due to its large surface area and its optical properties. Most PSi biosensors consist in close-ended porous layers, and, because of the diffusion-limited infiltration of the analyte, they lack sensitivity and speed of response. In order to overcome these shortcomings, PSi membranes (PSiMs) have been fabricated using electrochemical etching and standard microfabrication techniques. In this work, PSiMs have been used for the optical detection of Bacillus cereus lysate. Before detection, the bacteria are selectively lysed by PlyB221, an endolysin encoded by the bacteriophage Deep-Blue targeting B. cereus. The detection relies on the infiltration of bacterial lysate inside the membrane, which induces a shift of the effective optical thickness. The biosensor was able to detect a B. cereus bacterial lysate, with an initial bacteria concentration of 105 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL), in only 1 h. This proof-of-concept also illustrates the specificity of the lysis before detection. Not only does this detection platform enable the fast detection of bacteria, but the same technique can be extended to other bacteria using selective lysis, as demonstrated by the detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis, selectively lysed by lysostaphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselien Vercauteren
- Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Audrey Leprince
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (A.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Laurent A. Francis
- Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
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Sharma P, Plant M, Lam SK, Chen Q. Kinetic analysis of antibody binding to integral membrane proteins stabilized in SMALPs. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100022. [PMID: 37082021 PMCID: PMC10074945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental importance of membrane protein (MP) targets in central biological and cellular events has driven a marked increase in the use of membrane mimetics for exploring these proteins as therapeutic targets. The main challenge associated with biophysical analysis of membrane protein is the need for detergent extraction from the bilayer environment, which in many cases causes the proteins to become insoluble, unstable or display altered structure or activity. Recent technological advances have tried to limit the exposure of purified membrane protein to detergents. One such method involves the amphipathic co-polymer of styrene and maleic acid (SMA), which can release lipids and integral membrane proteins into water soluble native particles (or vesicles) termed SMALPs (Styrene Maleic Acid Lipid Particles). In this study, assay conditions that leverage SMA for membrane protein stabilization were developed to perform kinetic analysis of antibody binding to integral membrane protein and complexes in SMALPs in both purified and complex mixture settings using multiple biosensor platforms. To develop a robust and flexible platform using SMALPs technology, we optimized various SPR assay formats to analyze SMALPs produced with cell membrane pellets as well as whole cell lysates from the cell lines overexpressing membrane protein of interest. Here we emphasize the extraction of model membrane proteins of diverse architecture and function from native environments to encapsulate with SMALPs. Given the importance of selected membrane targets in central biological events and therapeutic relevance, MP-specific or tag-specific antibodies were used as a proof-of-principal to validate the SMALPs platform for ligand binding studies to support drug discovery or tool generation processes. MP-SMALPs that retain specific binding capability in multiple assay formats and biosensors, such as waveguide interferometry and surface plasmon resonance, would be a versatile platform for a wide range of downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
- Corresponding author.
| | - Matthew Plant
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02141
| | - Sheung Kwan Lam
- Biologics, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Qing Chen
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
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Frutiger A, Gatterdam K, Blickenstorfer Y, Reichmuth AM, Fattinger C, Vörös J. Ultra Stable Molecular Sensors by Submicron Referencing and Why They Should Be Interrogated by Optical Diffraction-Part II. Experimental Demonstration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 21:E9. [PMID: 33375003 PMCID: PMC7792590 DOI: 10.3390/s21010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensors are an invaluable tool for molecular interaction analysis. Over the past 30 years, refractometric biosensors and, in particular, surface plasmon resonance have matured to the de facto standard of this field despite a significant cross reactivity to environmental and experimental noise sources. In this paper, we demonstrate that sensors that apply the spatial affinity lock-in principle (part I) and perform readout by diffraction overcome the drawbacks of established refractometric biosensors. We show this with a direct comparison of the cover refractive index jump sensitivity as well as the surface mass resolution of an unstabilized diffractometric biosensor with a state-of-the-art Biacore 8k. A combined refractometric diffractometric biosensor demonstrates that a refractometric sensor requires a much higher measurement precision than the diffractometric to achieve the same resolution. In a conceptual and quantitative discussion, we elucidate the physical reasons behind and define the figure of merit of diffractometric biosensors. Because low-precision unstabilized diffractometric devices achieve the same resolution as bulky stabilized refractometric sensors, we believe that label-free optical sensors might soon move beyond the drug discovery lab as miniaturized, mass-produced environmental/medical sensors. In fact, combined with the right surface chemistry and recognition element, they might even bring the senses of smell/taste to our smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.F.); (Y.B.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Karl Gatterdam
- Institute of Structural Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Yves Blickenstorfer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.F.); (Y.B.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Andreas Michael Reichmuth
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.F.); (Y.B.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Christof Fattinger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.F.); (Y.B.); (A.M.R.)
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Abstract
Optical biosensors have exhibited worthwhile performance in detecting biological systems and promoting significant advances in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, food process control, and environmental monitoring. Without complexity in their pretreatment and probable influence on the nature of target molecules, these biosensors have additional advantages such as high sensitivity, robustness, reliability, and potential to be integrated on a single chip. In this review, the state of the art optical biosensor technologies, including those based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR), optical waveguides, optical resonators, photonic crystals, and optical fibers, are presented. The principles for each type of biosensor are concisely introduced and particular emphasis has been placed on recent achievements. The strengths and weaknesses of each type of biosensor have been outlined as well. Concluding remarks regarding the perspectives of future developments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China.
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47
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Imas JJ, Ruiz Zamarreño C, Zubiate P, Sanchez-Martín L, Campión J, Matías IR. Optical Biosensors for the Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6289. [PMID: 33158306 PMCID: PMC7663853 DOI: 10.3390/s20216289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of optical biosensors for the detection of biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is presented here, including microRNAs (miRNAs), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and histidine, which are biomarkers that enable RA detection and/or monitoring. An overview of the different optical biosensors (based on fluorescence, plasmon resonances, interferometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) among other optical techniques) used to detect these biomarkers is given, describing their performance and main characteristics (limit of detection (LOD) and dynamic range), as well as the connection between the respective biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been observed that the relationship between the corresponding biomarker and rheumatoid arthritis tends to be obviated most of the time when explaining the mechanism of the optical biosensor, which forces the researcher to look for further information about the biomarker. This review work attempts to establish a clear association between optical sensors and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers as well as to be an easy-to-use tool for the researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Imas
- Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.J.I.); (P.Z.); (I.R.M.)
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz Zamarreño
- Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.J.I.); (P.Z.); (I.R.M.)
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Zubiate
- Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.J.I.); (P.Z.); (I.R.M.)
| | | | - Javier Campión
- Making Genetics S.L., Plaza CEIN 5, 31110 Noáin, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.C.)
| | - Ignacio Raúl Matías
- Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (J.J.I.); (P.Z.); (I.R.M.)
- Institute of Smart Cities (ISC), Public University of Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Rho D, Breaux C, Kim S. Label-Free Optical Resonator-Based Biosensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20205901. [PMID: 33086566 PMCID: PMC7589515 DOI: 10.3390/s20205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for biosensor technology has grown drastically over the last few decades, mainly in disease diagnosis, drug development, and environmental health and safety. Optical resonator-based biosensors have been widely exploited to achieve highly sensitive, rapid, and label-free detection of biological analytes. The advancements in microfluidic and micro/nanofabrication technologies allow them to be miniaturized and simultaneously detect various analytes in a small sample volume. By virtue of these advantages and advancements, the optical resonator-based biosensor is considered a promising platform not only for general medical diagnostics but also for point-of-care applications. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progresses in label-free optical resonator-based biosensors published mostly over the last 5 years. We categorized them into Fabry-Perot interferometer-based and whispering gallery mode-based biosensors. The principles behind each biosensor are concisely introduced, and recent progresses in configurations, materials, test setup, and light confinement methods are described. Finally, the current challenges and future research topics of the optical resonator-based biosensor are discussed.
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Goodwin MJ, Besselink GAJ, Falke F, Everhardt AS, Cornelissen JJLM, Huskens J. Highly Sensitive Protein Detection by Asymmetric Mach–Zehnder Interferometry for Biosensing Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4566-4572. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Goodwin
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Floris Falke
- Lionix International, 7500 AL Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
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50
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Walter JG, Eilers A, Alwis LSM, Roth BW, Bremer K. SPR Biosensor Based on Polymer Multi-Mode Optical Waveguide and Nanoparticle Signal Enhancement. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2889. [PMID: 32443702 PMCID: PMC7287642 DOI: 10.3390/s20102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor that is based on a planar-optical multi-mode (MM) polymer waveguide structure applied for the detection of biomolecules in the lower nano-molar (nM) range. The basic sensor shows a sensitivity of 608.6 nm/RIU when exposed to refractive index changes with a measurement resolution of 4.3 × 10-3 RIU. By combining the SPR sensor with an aptamer-functionalized, gold-nanoparticle (AuNP)-enhanced sandwich assay, the detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) in a buffer solution was achieved with a response of 0.118 nm/nM. Due to the multi-mode polymer waveguide structure and the simple concept, the reported biosensor is well suited for low-cost disposable lab-on-a-chip applications and can be used with rather simple and economic devices. In particular, the sensor offers the potential for fast and multiplexed detection of several biomarkers on a single integrated platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.-G.W.); (A.E.)
| | - Alina Eilers
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.-G.W.); (A.E.)
| | | | - Bernhard Wilhelm Roth
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering—Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kort Bremer
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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