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Kapil P, Verma D, Pradhan R, Kalkal A, Packirisamy G. A bioinspired porous and electroactive reduced graphene oxide hydrogel based biosensing platform for efficient detection of tumor necrosis factor-α. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39420620 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01216j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading cancer types, which is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, giving patients a poor prognosis and fewer therapeutic choices. To address this gap, exploiting biosensors utilizing anti-biofouling hydrogels for early-stage oral cancer detection in non-invasive body fluids is gaining utter importance. Herein, we have demonstrated the fabrication of an innovative electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid, label-free, non-invasive, and affordable detection of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a biomarker associated with oral cancer progression in artificial saliva samples. The gold screen-printed electrodes (gSPEs) are modified with a green synthesized porous and electroactive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel utilizing L-cystine (L-cys) as both in situ reducing and surface functionalization agent, followed by covalent immobilization of anti-TNF-α and blocking of residual sites with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to fabricate the BSA/anti-TNF-α/L-cys_rGO hydrogel/gSPE immunosensing platform. The fabricated platform demonstrates excellent performance, with a low limit of detection of 1.20 pg mL-1, a broad linear range from 1 to 200 pg mL-1, and a high sensitivity of 2.10 μA pg-1 mL cm-2 carried out with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Moreover, it exhibits specificity towards TNF-α, even in the presence of potential interferents and other cancer biomarkers. Besides, the biosensor showed good reproducibility and repeatability with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 5.11% and 1.85%, respectively. Thus, integrating the L-cys_rGO hydrogel in the immunosensor design offers enhanced performance, paving the way for its application in early-stage oral cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Kapil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Nanostructured System Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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2
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Sharma K, Puri NK, Singh B. Fabrication of rGO-decorated hBNNS hybrid nanocomposite via organic-inorganic interfacial chemistry for enhanced electrocatalytic detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:4789-4805. [PMID: 38878180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites (OIHN), with tailored surface chemistry, offer ultra-sensitive architecture capable of detecting ultra-low concentrations of target analytes with precision. In the present work, a novel nano-biosensor was fabricated, acquainting dynamic synergy of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (hBNNS) for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Extensive spectroscopic and microscopic analyses confirmed the successful hydrothermal synthesis of cross-linked rGO-hBNNS nanocomposite. Uniform micro-electrodes of rGO-hBNNS onto pre-hydrolyzed ITO were obtained via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique at low DC potential (15 V). Optimization of antibody incubation time, pH of supporting electrolyte, and immunoelectrode preparation was thoroughly investigated to enhance nano-biosensing efficacy. rGO-modified hBNNS demonstrated 29% boost in electrochemical performance over bare hBNNS, signifying remarkable electro-catalytic activity of nano-biosensor. The presence of multifunctional groups on the interface facilitated stable crosslinking chemistry, increased immobilization density, and enabled site-specific anchoring of Anti-CEA, resulting in improved binding affinity. The nano-biosensor demonstrated a remarkably low limit of detection of 5.47 pg/mL (R2 = 0.99963), indicating exceptional sensitivity and accuracy in detecting CEA concentrations from 0 to 50 ng/mL. The clinical evaluation confirmed its exceptional shelf life, minimal cross-reactivity, and robust recovery rates in human serum samples, thereby unraveling the potential for early, highly sensitive, and reliable CEA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Sharma
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory (NRL), Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Nitin K Puri
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory (NRL), Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Bharti Singh
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory (NRL), Department of Applied Physics, Delhi Technological University (DTU), Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
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3
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Choramle M, Verma D, Kalkal A, Pradhan R, Rai AK, Packirisamy G. L-Cysteine functionalized magnetite nanoparticle adorned Ti 3C 2-MXene nanohybrid based screen printed immunosensor for oral cancer biomarker detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4938-4950. [PMID: 39007760 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay01048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohybrid based non-invasive biosensing platforms are emerging as promising alternatives to detect biomarkers in complex and diverse bio-fluids toward ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnostics. Herein, we report the development of a highly sensitive, facile, non-invasive, label free, affordable, and innovative electrochemical screen printed immunosensor for identifying CYFRA 21-1, an established and crucial biomarker for oral cancer. Until now, no work has been reported utilizing a titanium carbide Ti3C2 MXene nanosheet and L-cysteine (L-Cyst) functionalized magnetite nanoparticle (MNPs) nanohybrid based immunosensor for electrochemical detection of CYFRA 21-1. The L-Cyst@MNPs/Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid was synthesized via the co-precipitation method and later deposited on a gold screen printed electrode (GSPE) offering enhanced surface area and electrochemical properties. The nanohybrid modified GSPE was then surface immobilized with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1) to fabricate an anti-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/Ti3C2-MXene/GSPE immunoelectrode and the non-specific locations of the immunoelectrode were covered with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The spectroscopic, morphological, and structural analyses of the synthesized nanohybrid and the fabricated electrodes were performed using different analytical techniques. The electrochemical studies of modified electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The fabricated BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/Ti3C2-MXene/GSPE immunosensor has shown an excellent limit of detection of 0.023 ng mL-1, a linear detection range of (0.5-30) ng mL-1, a sensitivity of 277.28 μA (ng mL-1)-1 cm-2 and a lower limit of quantification of 0.618 ng mL-1 for electrochemical CYFRA 21-1 determination. Hence, this L-Cyst@MNPs/Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid could also be explored as a potential candidate for determining other cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Choramle
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Damini Verma
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Nanostructured System Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London W1W7TS, UK
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Avdhesh Kumar Rai
- DBT Centre for Molecular Biology and Cancer Research, Dr Bhubaneswar Borooah Cancer Institute (Tata Memorial Centre), Gopinath Nagar, A K Azad Road, Guwahati-781016, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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Liu C, Guan C, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Han G. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Common Oral Diseases. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38366356 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2315112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Limiting and preventing oral diseases remains a major challenge to the health of populations around the world, so finding ways to detect early-stage diseases (e.g., caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer) and aiding in their prevention has always been an important clinical treatment concept. The development and application of electrochemical detection technology can provide important support for the early detection and non-invasive diagnosis of oral diseases and make up for the shortcomings of traditional diagnostic methods, which are highly sensitive, non-invasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive. It detects specific disease markers in body fluids through electrochemical reactions, discovers early warning signals of diseases, and realizes rapid and reliable diagnosis. This paper comprehensively summarizes the development and application of electrochemical biosensors in the detection and diagnosis of common oral diseases in terms of application platforms, sensing types, and disease detection, and discusses the challenges faced by electrochemical biosensors in the detection of oral diseases as well as the great prospects for future applications, in the hope of providing important insights for the future development of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Skrodzki D, Molinaro M, Brown R, Moitra P, Pan D. Synthesis and Bioapplication of Emerging Nanomaterials of Hafnium. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1289-1324. [PMID: 38166377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
A significant amount of progress in nanotechnology has been made due to the development of engineered nanoparticles. The use of metallic nanoparticles for various biomedical applications has been extensively investigated. Biomedical research is highly focused on them because of their inert nature, nanoscale structure, and similar size to many biological molecules. The intrinsic characteristics of these particles, including electronic, optical, physicochemical, and surface plasmon resonance, that can be altered by altering their size, shape, environment, aspect ratio, ease of synthesis, and functionalization properties, have led to numerous biomedical applications. Targeted drug delivery, sensing, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and imaging are some of these. The promising clinical results of NBTXR3, a high-Z radiosensitizing nanomaterial derived from hafnium, have demonstrated translational potential of this metal. This radiosensitization approach leverages the dependence of energy attenuation on atomic number to enhance energy-matter interactions conducive to radiation therapy. High-Z nanoparticle localization in tumor issue differentially increases the effect of ionizing radiation on cancer cells versus nearby healthy ones and mitigates adverse effects by reducing the overall radiation burden. This principle enables material multifunctionality as contrast agents in X-ray-based imaging. The physiochemical properties of hafnium (Z = 72) are particularly advantageous for these applications. A well-placed K-edge absorption energy and high mass attenuation coefficient compared to elements in human tissue across clinical energy ranges leads to significant attenuation. Chemical reactivity allows for variety in nanoparticle synthesis, composition, and functionalization. Nanoparticles such as hafnium oxide exhibit excellent biocompatibility due to physiochemical inertness prior to incidence with ionizing radiation. Additionally, the optical and electronic properties are applicable in biosensing, optical component coatings, and semiconductors. The wide interest has prompted extensive research in design and synthesis to facilitate property fine-tuning. This review summarizes synthetic methods for hafnium-based nanomaterials and applications in therapy, imaging, and biosensing with a mechanistic focus. A discussion and future perspective section highlights clinical progress and elaborates on current challenges. By focusing on factors impacting applicational effectiveness and examining limitations this review aims to support researchers and expedite clinical translation of future hafnium-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Skrodzki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Molinaro
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Richard Brown
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Kalkal A, Tiwari A, Sharma D, Baghel MK, Kumar P, Pradhan R, Packirisamy G. Air-brush spray coated Ti 3C 2-MXene-graphene nanohybrid thin film based electrochemical biosensor for cancer biomarker detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127260. [PMID: 37802449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant health hazard worldwide and poses a greater threat to the quality of human life. Quantifying cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity has demonstrated considerable potential for compelling, quick, cost-effective, and minimally invasive early-stage cancer detection. In line with this, efforts have been made towards developing an f-graphene@Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid thin-film-based electrochemical biosensing platform for efficient carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection. The air-brush spray coating technique has been utilized for depositing the uniform thin films of amine functionalized graphene (f-graphene) and Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid on ITO-coated glass substrate. The chemical bonding and morphological studies of the deposited nanohybrid thin films are characterized by advanced analytical tools, including XRD, XPS, and FESEM. The EDC-NHS chemistry is employed to immobilize the deposited thin films with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies, followed by blocking the non-specific binding sites with BSA. The electrochemical response and optimization of biosensing parameters have been conducted using CV and DPV techniques. The optimized BSA/anti-CEA/f-graphene@Ti3C2-MXene immunoelectrode showed the ability to detect CEA biomarker from 0.01 pg mL-1 to 2000 ng mL-1 having a considerably lower detection limit of 0.30 pg mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Ayush Tiwari
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Deepanshu Sharma
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Baghel
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Institute Instrumentation Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation Hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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Yadav AK, Verma D, Solanki PR. Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensing of the Sp17 Cancer Biomarker in Serum Samples via Engineered Two-Dimensional MoS 2 Nanosheets on the Reduced Graphene Oxide Interface. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4250-4268. [PMID: 37715717 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we reported a label-free and highly effective immunosensor for the first time employing a nanostructured molybdenum disulfide nanosheets@reduced graphene oxide (nMoS2 NS@rGO) nanohybrid interface for the determination of sperm protein 17 (Sp17), an emerging cancer biomarker. We synthesized the nMoS2 NS@rGO nanohybrid using a one-step hydrothermal technique and then functionalized it with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Furthermore, the anti-Sp17 monoclonal antibodies were covalently attached to the APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode utilizing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-N-hydroxy succinimide (EDC-NHS) coupling chemistry. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was then used to block nonspecific binding regions on the anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO bioelectrode. The morphological and structural features of the synthesized nanohybrid and the modified electrodes were studied using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) composition studies, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The immunoreaction between the Sp17 antigen and anti-Sp17 antibodies on the surface of the BSA/anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO sensing bioelectrode was applied as the basis for the detection technique, which measured the electrocatalytic current and impedimetric response change. The designed BSA/anti-Sp17/APTES/nMoS2 NS@rGO/ITO bioelectrode showed improved amperometric and impedimetric biosensing performance in the response studies, including remarkable sensitivity (23.2 μA ng-1mL cm-2 and 0.48 kΩ mL ng-1 cm-2), wider linearity (0.05-8 and 1-8 ng mL-1), an excellent lower detection limit (0.13 and 0.23 ng mL-1), and a rapid response time of 20 min. The biosensor exhibited impressive storage durability lasting 7 weeks and showed remarkable precision in identifying Sp17 in serum samples from cancer patients, as confirmed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Yadav
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Damini Verma
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Nirbhaya V, Chandra R, Kumar S. Nanoengineered phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride based ultrasensitive biosensing platform for Swine flu detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113504. [PMID: 37597493 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed an amino-polyindole modified phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterial (APIN/P-g-C3N4) based immunosensing biochip for Serum amyloid A (SAA) biomarker towards early diagnosis of Swine flu. The P-g-C3N4 was synthesis via polycondensation and functionalized with APIN. Further, the biochip was fabricated by modifying the working area of SPE with APIN/P-g-C3N4 using drop cast method, APIN introduced the larger loading of -NH2 group moieties onto P-g-C3N4 matrix and benefitted to reinforced the biomolecules via covalent linkages. The monoclonal anti-SAA was conjugated onto APIN/P-g-C3N4/SPE using EDC-NHS chemistry and BSA was added for non-specific site blocking. The structural, chemical, composition and morphological characteristics of the synthesized, functionalized nanomaterial and fabricated biochips were investigated by XRD, XPS, FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, FE-SEM and TEM techniques. Further, the electrochemical characterization and response studies of fabricated biochip were analyzed using the CV and DPV techniques. Based on the analytical performance of the proposed immunosensing biochip i.e. BSA/anti-SAA/APIN/P-g-C3N4/SPE, it is capable to detect SAA protein with ultra sensitivity of 79.5 μA log (mL ng-1) cm-2, ultralow limit of detection of 5 ng mL-1 and wider linear detection range of 5 ng mL-1-500 μg mL-1 with quick response time of 10 min. Moreover, the fabricated immunosensing biochips was used to analyse SAA protein in spiked serum samples and the achieved results demonstrated the good agreement with the electrochemical response observed in standard SAA protein samples in analytical solution. The proposed biochip can provide insights for developing a wide range of clinical screening tools for detecting various contagious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Nirbhaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Applied Science, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Institute of Nano Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Suveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Ding S, Chen L, Liao J, Huo Q, Wang Q, Tian G, Yin W. Harnessing Hafnium-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300341. [PMID: 37029564 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, there are great interests in employing nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of hafnium oxide (HfO2 ), commercially namedas NBTXR3, as a new kind of nanoradiosensitizer for radiotherapy (RT) of cancers has aroused extensive interest in researches on Hf-based nanomaterials for biomedical application. In the past 20 years, Hf-based nanomaterials have emerged as potential and important nanomedicine for computed tomography (CT)-involved bioimaging and RT-associated cancer treatment due to their excellent electronic structures and intrinsic physiochemical properties. In this review, a bibliometric analysis method is employed to summarize the progress on the synthesis technology of various Hf-based nanomaterials, including HfO2 , HfO2 -based compounds, and Hf-organic ligand coordination hybrids, such as metal-organic frameworks or nanoscaled coordination polymers. Moreover, current states in the application of Hf-based CT-involved contrasts for tissue imaging or cancer diagnosis are reviewed in detail. Importantly, the recent advances in Hf-based nanomaterials-mediated radiosensitization and synergistic RT with other current mainstream treatments are also generalized. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of Hf-based nanomaterials with a view to maximize their great potential in the research of translational medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huo
- College of Biochemical and Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Laboratory for Micro-sized Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gan Tian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Advanced Pathology, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Kalkal A, Pradhan R, Packirisamy G. Gold nanoparticles modified reduced graphene oxide nanosheets based dual-quencher for highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125157. [PMID: 37257543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the dominance of cancer is becoming a disastrous threat to mankind. Therefore, an advanced analytical approach is desired as the need of the hour for early diagnosis to curb the menace of cancer. In this context, the present work reports the development of nano surface energy transfer (NSET) based fluorescent immunosensor for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection utilizing protein functionalized graphene quantum dots (anti-CEA/amine-GQDs) and a nanocomposite of nanostructured gold and reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@rGO) as energy donor-acceptor pair, respectively. The obtained AuNPs@rGO nanocomposite has been characterized by different advanced analytical techniques. The functionality of the biosensor depends on quenching the fluorescence of anti-CEA/amine-GQDs donor species by AuNPs@rGO acceptor species, followed by the gradual recovery of GQDs' fluorescence after CEA addition. The efficient energy transfer kinetics have been envisaged by utilizing the AuNPs@rGO nanocomposite as a dual-quencher nanoprobe that revealed improved energy transfer and quenching efficiency (~62 %, 88 %) compared to AuNPs (~43 %, 81 %) as a single quencher. Further, the developed biosensing platform successfully detected CEA biomarker with notable biosensing parameters, including a wider linear detection range (0.001-500 ng mL-1), fast response time (24 min), and a significantly low detection limit (0.35 pg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- iHub Divyasmapark, Technology Innovation hub, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
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11
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Wang J, Yang X, Hua X, Li Y, Jin B. Novel Ratiometric Electrochemical Biosensor for Determination of Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Antigen 21-1 (Cyfra-21-1) as a Lung Cancer Biomarker. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2181970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Baokang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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12
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Kadhim MM, Rheima AM, Abbas ZS, Jlood HH, Hachim SK, Kadhum WR, Kianfar E. Evaluation of a biosensor-based graphene oxide-DNA nanohybrid for lung cancer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2487-2500. [PMID: 36741187 PMCID: PMC9843741 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is nowadays among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and features the highest mortality rate among various cancers, indicating that early diagnosis of the disease is of paramount importance. Given that the conventional methods of cancer detection are expensive and time-consuming, special attention has been paid to the provision of less expensive and faster techniques. In recent years, the dramatic advances in nanotechnology and the development of various nanomaterials have led to activities in this context. Recent studies indicate that the graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial has high potential in the design of nano biosensors for lung cancer detection owing to its unique properties. In the current article, a nano biosensor based on a DNA-GO nanohybrid is introduced to detect deletion mutations causing lung cancer. In this method, mutations were detected using a FAM-labeled DNA probe with fluorescence spectrometry. GO was synthesized according to Hummers' method and examined and confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry and UV-vis spectrometry methods and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Kadhim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University Baghdad 10022 Iraq
| | - Ahmed Mahdi Rheima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq
| | - Zainab S Abbas
- Research Center, The University of Mashreq 10021 Baghdad Iraq
| | | | - Safa K Hachim
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University Najaf Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College Iraq Baghdad
| | - Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College Kut 52001 Wasit Iraq
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul Turkey +90 917-744-1049
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Arak Branch Arak Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University Gachsaran Branch Gachsaran Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University Sousangerd Branch Sousangerd Iran
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13
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Chakraborty D, Ghosh D, Kumar S, Jenkins D, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Nano-diagnostics as an emerging platform for oral cancer detection: Current and emerging trends. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1830. [PMID: 35811418 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally, oral cancer kills an estimated 150,000 individuals per year, with 300,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The high incidence rate of oral cancer among the South-Asian and American populations is majorly due to overuse of tobacco, alcohol, and poor dental hygiene. Additionally, socio-economic issues and lack of general awareness delay the primary screening of the disease. The availability of early screening techniques for oral cancer can help in carving out a niche for accurate disease prognosis and also its prevention. However, conventional diagnostic approaches and therapeutics are still far from optimal. Thus, enhancing the analytical performance of diagnostic platforms in terms of specificity and precision can help in understanding the disease progression paradigm. Fabrication of efficient nanoprobes that are sensitive, noninvasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive can reduce the global cancer burden. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and spectroscopy-based nano biosensors that employ noble and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, have been proven to be extremely efficient. Further, these sensitive nanoprobes can also be employed for predicting disease relapse after chemotherapy, when the majority of the biomarker load is eliminated. Herein, we provide the readers with a brief summary of conventional and new-age oral cancer detection techniques. A comprehensive understanding of the inherent challenges associated with conventional oral cancer detection techniques is discussed. We also elaborate on how nanoparticles have shown tremendous promise and effectiveness in radically transforming the approach toward oral cancer detection. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Chakraborty
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.,Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Debayan Ghosh
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - David Jenkins
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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14
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Lee TY, Liu WR. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Wrapped Novel CoIn 2S 4 Spinel Composite Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4367. [PMID: 36558220 PMCID: PMC9781618 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a novel CoIn2S4/reduced graphene oxide (CoIn2S4/rGO) composite anode using a hydrothermal method. By introducing electronic-conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to buffer the extreme volume expansion of CoIn2S4, we prevented its polysulfide dissolution during the lithiation/de-lithiation processes. After 100 cycles, the pristine CoIn2S4 electrode demonstrated poor cycle performance of only 120 mAh/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g. However, the composition-optimized CoIn2S4/rGO composite anode demonstrated a reversible capacity of 580 mAh/g for 100 cycles, which was an improvement of 4.83 times. In addition, the ex situ XRD measurements of the CoIn2S4/rGO electrode were conducted to determine the reaction mechanism and electrochemical behavior. These results suggest that the as-synthesized CoIn2S4/rGO composite anode is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2653315; Fax: 886-3-2653399
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15
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee A, Ethiraj KR. Gold nanorod-based multiplex bioanalytical assay for the detection of CYFRA 21-1 and CA-125: towards oral cancer diagnostics. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3614-3622. [PMID: 36111568 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01216b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study emphasizes the application of gold nanorods (GNRs) with different aspect ratios (ARs) for the development of multiplex assay for oral cancer detection. The tunable optical properties of the GNRs that rely on the geometrical alterations of the nanostructure and the corresponding change in the refractive indices of the local environment form the basis of the label-free biosensing mechanism. In the present work, two GNRs with AR 2.1 and AR 3.9 exhibiting LSPR at 620 and 775 nm were used for sensing oral cancer biomarkers (Cyfra 21-1 and CA-125). Clinically relevant salivary concentrations of CYFRA 21-1 and CA-125 were taken into consideration for designing the assay range. Herein, the antibodies against Cyfra 21-1 and CA-125 have been employed as biospecific probes to functionalize the GNRs with different ARs. Molecular interactions that induce a spectral shift of distinct plasmon band maxima facilitated quantitative assessment of the target analyte. The GNR bioprobe employed for sensing Cyfra 21-1 had a wide linear detection range of 0.496-48.4 ng mL-1 with a detection limit as low as 0.84 ng mL-1 and for CA-125 the detection range was 5-320 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 1.6 U mL-1. The individual GNR bioprobe also showed high specificity against several interferents. For multiplexed biosensing, the plasmon spectra of the GNR bioprobe mixture showed distinct responses upon binding of single and dual targets in the sample mixture and/or artificial saliva. The quantitative data from the developed method are of high clinical significance that can aid in the understanding of clinicopathological advancements in oral cancer at an early stage. This simple yet novel nanosized optical transducer technology can be further converted into miniaturized biochips and can be deployed in clinics as a nanoparticle-based point-of-care diagnostic adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - K R Ethiraj
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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16
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Polai B, Satpathy BK, Jena BK, Nayak SK. An Overview of Coating Processes on Metal Substrates Based on Graphene-Related Materials for Multifarious Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Polai
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bijoy Kumar Satpathy
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Jena
- CSIR−Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar−751013, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Nayak
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar−752050, India
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17
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Rawat R, Roy S, Goswami T, Mathur A. An Electroanalytical Flexible Biosensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-DNA Hybrids for the Early Detection of Human Papillomavirus-16. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092087. [PMID: 36140489 PMCID: PMC9498135 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papilloma Virus 16 (HPV 16) is the well-known causative species responsible for triggering cervical cancer. When left undiagnosed and untreated, this disease leads to life-threatening events among the female populace, especially in developing nations where healthcare resources are already being stretched to their limits. Considering various drawbacks of conventional techniques for diagnosing this highly malignant cancer, it becomes imperative to develop miniaturized biosensing platforms which can aid in early detection of cervical cancer for enhanced patient outcomes. The current study reports on the development of an electrochemical biosensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/DNA hybrid modified flexible carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE) for the detection of HPV 16. The carbon-coated SPEs were initially coated with rGO followed by probe DNA (PDNA) immobilization. The nanostructure characterization was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to study the electrochemical characterization of the nano-biohybrid sensor surface. The optimization studies and analytical performance were assessed using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), eventually exhibiting a limit of detection (LoD) ~2 pM. The developed sensor was found to be selective solely to HPV 16 target DNA and exhibited a shelf life of 1 month. The performance of the developed flexible sensor further exhibited a promising response in spiked serum samples, which validates its application in future point-of-care scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Rawat
- Department of Allied Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Souradeep Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIDRI), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Tapas Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ashish Mathur
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIDRI), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (A.M.)
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18
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Kalkal A, Allawadhi P, Kumar P, Sehgal A, Verma A, Pawar K, Pradhan R, Paital B, Packirisamy G. Sensing and 3D printing technologies in personalized healthcare for the management of health crises including the COVID-19 outbreak. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022; 3:100180. [PMID: 35601184 PMCID: PMC9107332 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A major threat that has surrounded human civilization since the beginning of the year 2020 is the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and significantly affected populations globally, causing medical and economic despair. Healthcare chains across the globe have been under grave stress owing to shortages of medical equipments necessary to address a pandemic. Furthermore, personal protective equipment supplies, mandatory for healthcare staff for treating severely ill patients, have been in short supply. To address the necessary requisites during the pandemic, several researchers, hospitals, and industries collaborated to meet the demand for these medical equipments in an economically viable manner. In this context, 3D printing technologies have provided enormous potential in creating personalized healthcare equipment, including face masks, face shields, rapid detection kits, testing swabs, biosensors, and various ventilator components. This has been made possible by capitalizing on centralized large-scale manufacturing using 3D printing and local distribution of verified and tested computer-aided design files. The primary focus of this study is, "How 3D printing is helpful in developing these equipments, and how it can be helpful in the development and deployment of various sensing and point-of-care-testing (POCTs) devices for the commercialization?" Further, the present study also takes care of patient safety by implementing novel 3D printed health equipment used for COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the study helps identify and highlight the efforts made by various organizations toward the usage of 3D printing technologies, which are helpful in combating the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Institute Instrumentation Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Abhishek Sehgal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Ashmit Verma
- Divyasampark iHUB Roorkee for Devices, Materials and Technology Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Kaustubh Pawar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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19
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Conventional and emerging technologies for combating Hirschsprung's disease: The scope of electroanalytical sensing modalities. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Kalkal A, Kadian S, Kumar S, Manik G, Sen P, Kumar S, Packirisamy G. Ti 3C 2-MXene decorated with nanostructured silver as a dual-energy acceptor for the fluorometric neuron specific enolase detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113620. [PMID: 34560349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanohybrids of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown fascinating prospects towards the fabrication of highly efficient fluorescent immunosensor. In this context, a nanohybrid of ultrathin Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets and silver nanoparticles (Ag@Ti3C2-MXene) has been reported as a dual-energy acceptor for ultrahigh fluorescence quenching of protein-functionalized graphene quantum dots (anti-NSE/amino-GQDs). The Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets are decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to obsolete the agglomeration and restacking through a one-pot direct reduction method wherein the 2D Ti3C2-MXene nanosheets acted both as a reducing agent and support matrix for AgNPs. The as-prepared nanohybrid is characterized by various techniques to analyze the optical, structural, compositional, and morphological parameters. The quenching efficiency and energy transfer capability between the anti-NSE/amino-GQDs (donor) and Ag@Ti3C2-MXene (acceptor) have been explored through steady state and time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Interestingly, the Ag@Ti3C2-MXene nanohybrid exhibits better quenching and energy transfer efficiencies in contrast to bare Ti3C2-MXene, AgNPs and previously reported AuNPs. Based on optimized donor-acceptor pair, a fluorescent turn-on biosensing system is constructed that revealed improved biosensing characteristics compared to Ti3C2-MXene, graphene and AuNPs for the detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), including higher sensitivity (∼771 mL ng-1), broader linear detection range (0.0001-1500 ng mL-1), better LOD (0.05 pg mL-1), and faster response time (12 min). Besides, remarkable biosensing capability has been observed in serum samples, with fluorescence recovery of ∼98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Research and Innovations, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering (CeNSE), Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India; Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India.
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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21
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Goldoni R, Scolaro A, Boccalari E, Dolci C, Scarano A, Inchingolo F, Ravazzani P, Muti P, Tartaglia G. Malignancies and Biosensors: A Focus on Oral Cancer Detection through Salivary Biomarkers. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100396. [PMID: 34677352 PMCID: PMC8533918 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is among the deadliest types of malignancy due to the late stage at which it is usually diagnosed, leaving the patient with an average five-year survival rate of less than 50%. The booming field of biosensing and point of care diagnostics can, in this regard, play a major role in the early detection of oral cancer. Saliva is gaining interest as an alternative biofluid for non-invasive diagnostics, and many salivary biomarkers of oral cancer have been proposed. While these findings are promising for the application of salivaomics tools in routine practice, studies on larger cohorts are still needed for clinical validation. This review aims to summarize the most recent development in the field of biosensing related to the detection of salivary biomarkers commonly associated with oral cancer. An introduction to oral cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is given to define the clinical problem clearly, then saliva as an alternative biofluid is presented, along with its advantages, disadvantages, and collection procedures. Finally, a brief paragraph on the most promising salivary biomarkers introduces the sensing technologies commonly exploited to detect oral cancer markers in saliva. Hence this review provides a comprehensive overview of both the clinical and technological advantages and challenges associated with oral cancer detection through salivary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessandra Scolaro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Elisa Boccalari
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Carolina Dolci
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ravazzani
- National Research Council, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (CNR IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Gianluca Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.); (E.B.); (C.D.); (P.M.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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22
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Kalkal A, Allawadhi P, Pradhan R, Khurana A, Bharani KK, Packirisamy G. Allium sativum derived carbon dots as a potential theranostic agent to combat the COVID-19 crisis. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2:100102. [PMID: 34766058 PMCID: PMC8164516 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics to have hit the humanity. The manifestations are quite varied, ranging from severe lung infections to being asymptomatic. Hence, there is an urgent need to champion new tools to accelerate the end of this pandemic. Compromised immunity is a primary feature of COVID-19. Allium sativum (AS) is an effective dietary supplement known for its immune-modulatory, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifungal, and anti-viral properties. In this paper, it is hypothesized that carbon dots (CDs) derived from AS (AS-CDs) may possess the potential to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and revert the immunological aberrations to normal in case of COVID-19. CDs have already been explored in the world of nanobiomedicine as a promising theranostic candidates for bioimaging and drug/gene delivery. The antifibrotic and antioxidant effects of AS are elaborated, as demonstrated in several studies. It is found that the most active constituent of AS, allicin has a highly potent antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect. The antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-viral effects along with their capability of negating inflammatory effects and cytokine storm are discussed. The synthesis of theranostic CDs from AS may provide a novel weapon in the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of COVID-19 infection and, at the same time, could act as a diagnostic agent for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University (PVNRTVU), Telangana India
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, 506166, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University (PVNRTVU), Telangana, India
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, 506166, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University (PVNRTVU), Telangana, India
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fishery Science, Pebbair, Wanaparthy, 509104, P. V. Narasimha Rao Telangana Veterinary University (PVNRTVU), Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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23
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Kaur J, Srivastava R, Borse V. Recent advances in point-of-care diagnostics for oral cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:112995. [PMID: 33515983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Early-stage diagnosis is a crucial step in reducing the mortality rate in oral cancer cases. Point-of-care (POC) devices for oral cancer diagnosis hold great future potential in improving the survival rates as well as the quality of life of oral cancer patients. The conventional oral examination followed by needle biopsy and histopathological analysis have limited diagnostic accuracy. Besides, it involves patient discomfort and is not feasible in resource-limited settings. POC detection of biomarkers and diagnostic adjuncts has emerged as non- or minimally invasive tools for the diagnosis of oral cancer at an early stage. Various biosensors have been developed for the rapid detection of oral cancer biomarkers at the point-of-care. Several optical imaging methods have also been employed as adjuncts to detect alterations in oral tissue indicative of malignancy. This review summarizes the different POC platforms developed for the detection of oral cancer biomarkers, along with various POC imaging and cytological adjuncts that aid in oral cancer diagnosis, especially in low resource settings. Various immunosensors and nucleic acid biosensors developed to detect oral cancer biomarkers are summarized with examples. The different imaging methods used to detect oral tissue malignancy are also discussed herein. Additionally, the currently available commercial devices used as adjuncts in the POC detection of oral cancer are emphasized along with their characteristics. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges that persist in translating the developed POC techniques in the clinical settings for oral cancer diagnosis, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeen Kaur
- NanoBios Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- NanoBios Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Vivek Borse
- NanoBioSens Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Kumar S, Gupta N, Malhotra BD. Ultrasensitive biosensing platform based on yttria doped zirconia-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for detection of salivary oral cancer biomarker. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107799. [PMID: 33774391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report results of the studies relating to the fabrication of yttria-doped zirconia-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (nYZR) based biosensing platform for detection of salivary CYFRA-21-1 biomarker. The nYZR nanocomposite was hydrothermally synthesized and amine-functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). This functionalized nanocomposite (APTES/nYZR) was electrophoretically deposited (45 V; 3 min) onto pre-hydrolyzed indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate (APTES/nYZR/ITO) followed by biofunctionalization via covalent immobilization of the anti-CYFRA-21-1 antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nYZR/ITO). The synthesized nanomaterial and the fabricated electrodes were characterized to investigate crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties via X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The fabricated biosensing electrode (BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nYZR/ITO) has an operating shelf life of 56 days and can be used to detect salivary CYFRA-21-1 biomarker concentration as low as 7.2 pg mL-1 with wide linear detection range of 0.01-50 ng mL-1. This work opens new opportunities to explore the electrochemical behavior of nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and its composites at room temperature and its utility in developing biosensors and other electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveen Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Niharika Gupta
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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Singhal J, Verma S, Kumar S, Mehrotra D. Recent Advances in Nano-Bio-Sensing Fabrication Technology for the Detection of Oral Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:339-362. [PMID: 33638110 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based miniaturized devices have been a breakthrough in the pre-clinical and clinical research areas, e.g. drug delivery, personalized medicine. They have revolutionized the discovery and development of biomarker-based diagnostic devices for detection of various diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and cancer. Nanomaterials (NMs) hold tremendous diagnostic potential due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement phenomenon, improving the detection limit of clinically relevant biomolecules in bio-fluids. Thus, they are helpful in the translation of bench-on platform to point-of-care (POC) screening device. The nanomaterial-based biosensor fabrication technology has also simplified and improved oral cancer (OC) or oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) diagnosis. The fabrication of nano-bio sensors involves application specific modifications of NMs. The unique properties functionalized NMs have augmented their application on the nano-biosensing platform for the detection of clinically relevant biomolecules in bio-fluids. Therefore, this article summarizes the recent advancements in the process of fabrication of nano-biosensors for detection of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Singhal
- Department of Health Research - Multidisciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Department of Health Research - Multidisciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Health Research - Multidisciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Health Research - Multidisciplinary Research Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Optimization, fabrication, and characterization of four electrode-based sensors for blood impedance measurement. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:9. [PMID: 33449205 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an optimized, non-invasive four electrode-based impedimetric sensors have been designed, fabricated, and characterized for measuring the impedance of a biological cell. The impedimetric sensors having four mono-polar electrodes were fabricated utilizing the photolithography technique with gold as the electrode material. Furthermore, the impedance of the electrolyte/electrode interface was simulated by optimizing different parameters, including applied voltage, PBS thickness, and diameter, using COMSOL Multiphysics software for a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Next, the impedance of the fabricated device was measured experimentally using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. Then, the COMSOL data was equated with the impedance obtained from the fabricated devices to realize the feasibility and error percentage (RSE < 5%) of the sensor. The equivalent circuit model for the measured impedance data of PBS was obtained utilizing the ZsimpWin software. Besides, the mathematical relations between the impedance, phase angle and the area of the electrode were interpreted for the fabricated impedimetric sensors. Later on, a real blood sample was also characterized to demonstrate the feasibility and the validity of the proposed technique and the fabricated devices in cell diagnosis.
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Nirbhaya V, Chauhan D, Jain R, Chandra R, Kumar S. Nanostructured graphitic carbon nitride based ultrasensing electrochemical biosensor for food toxin detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 139:107738. [PMID: 33497923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report results of the studies related to the fabrication of thionine functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets based ultrasensing platform for food toxin (Aflatoxin B1, AfB1) detection. The synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4) was carried out by polycondensation of melamine followed by chemical exfoliation. Further, thionine was used for the functionalization of g-C3N4 (Thn/g-C3N4) and deposited electrophoretically onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass electrode. The fabricated Thn/g-C3N4/ITO electrode was covalently immobilized by EDC-NHS chemistry with anti-aflatoxin B1 (anti-AfB1) followed by blocking of non-specific sites using BSA molecules. For structural, morphological, functional and electrochemical properties analysis of synthesized nanomaterials and fabricated electrodes X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were used. The electrochemical response studies of the fabricated biosensing platform (BSA/anti-AfB1/Thn/g-C3N4/ITO) were carried out towards detection of AfB1 antigen using cyclic voltammetry technique. The obtained electrochemical results indicate that the fabricated biosensing electrode having ability to detect AfB1 with lower limit of detection of 0.328 fg mL-1, linear detection range in between 1 fg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1, sensitivity of 4.85 μA log [ng-1 mL] cm-2 with stability upto 7 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dipti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Suveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Chaudhary C, Kumar S, Chandra R. Hierarchical structure of molybdenum disulfide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for the development of a highly efficient serotonin biosensing platform. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite based immunosensor for the serotonin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Suveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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Goldoni R, Farronato M, Connelly ST, Tartaglia GM, Yeo WH. Recent advances in graphene-based nanobiosensors for salivary biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 33096432 PMCID: PMC7666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As biosensing research is rapidly advancing due to significant developments in materials, chemistry, and electronics, researchers strive to build cutting-edge biomedical devices capable of detecting health-monitoring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors using nanomaterials are highly promising because of the wide detection range, fast response time, system miniaturization, and enhanced sensitivity. In the recent development of biosensors and electronics, graphene has rapidly gained popularity due to its superior electrical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. For biomarker detection, human saliva offers easy access with a large variety of analytes, making it a promising candidate for its use in point-of-care (POC) devices. Here, we report a comprehensive review that summarizes the most recent graphene-based nanobiosensors and oral bioelectronics for salivary biomarker detection. We discuss the details of structural designs of graphene electronics, use cases of salivary biomarkers, the performance of existing sensors, and applications in health monitoring. This review also describes current challenges in materials and systems and future directions of the graphene bioelectronics for clinical POC applications. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is to deliver an extensive review of the graphene-enabled biosensors and oral electronics and their successful applications in human salivary biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Thaddeus Connelly
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Pradhan R, Kalkal A, Jindal S, Packirisamy G, Manhas S. Four electrode-based impedimetric biosensors for evaluating cytotoxicity of tamoxifen on cervical cancer cells. RSC Adv 2020; 11:798-806. [PMID: 35423705 PMCID: PMC8693377 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, novel four electrode-based impedimetric biosensors have been fabricated using photolithography techniques and utilized to evaluate the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen on cervical cancer cell lines. The cell impedance was measured employing the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) method over the frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The results obtained from impedimetric biosensors indicate that tamoxifen caused a significant reduction in the number of HeLa cells on the electrode surfaces in a dose-dependent manner. Next, the impedance values recorded by the fabricated biosensors have been compared with the results obtained from the different conventional techniques such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), live-dead cell assay, and flow cytometric analysis to estimate the cytotoxicity of tamoxifen. The impedimetric cytotoxicity of tamoxifen over the growth and proliferation of HeLa cells correlates well with the traditional methods. In addition, the IC50 values obtained from impedimetric data and MTT assay are comparable, signifying that the ECIS technique can be an alternative method to assess the cytotoxicity of different novel drugs. The working principle of the biosensor has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the detachment of cells from gold surfaces in a dose-dependent manner, signifying the decrease in impedance at higher drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangadhar Pradhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India +91-1332-273560 +91-1332-285490 +91-1332-285650
| | - Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Shlok Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India +91-1332-273560 +91-1332-285490 +91-1332-285650
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India
| | - Sanjeev Manhas
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee-247667 Uttarakhand India +91-1332-285368 +91-1332-285147
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Monophasic molybdenum selenide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite sheets based immunosensing platform for ultrasensitive serotonin detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Roy S, Nagabooshanam S, Krishna K, Wadhwa S, Chauhan N, Jain U, Kumar R, Mathur A, Davis J. Electroanalytical Sensor for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Monitoring with Integrated Electronics for Connected Health Application. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Souradeep Roy
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | | | - Kushagra Krishna
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - Shikha Wadhwa
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - Nidhi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - Ashish Mathur
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India 201313
| | - James Davis
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Center Ulster University Jordanstown UK BT370QB Jordanstown
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Kalkal A, Pradhan R, Kadian S, Manik G, Packirisamy G. Biofunctionalized Graphene Quantum Dots Based Fluorescent Biosensor toward Efficient Detection of Small Cell Lung Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4922-4932. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kalkal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Rangadhar Pradhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttrakhand 247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Chauhan D, Pooja, Nirbhaya V, Srivastava CM, Chandra R, Kumar S. Nanostructured transition metal chalcogenide embedded on reduced graphene oxide based highly efficient biosensor for cardiovascular disease detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kadian S, Manik G, Ashish K, Singh M, Chauhan RP. Effect of sulfur doping on fluorescence and quantum yield of graphene quantum dots: an experimental and theoretical investigation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:435704. [PMID: 31342919 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are one of the most promising luminescent carbon derived nanomaterials decorated with multiple useful functional groups and remarkable optoelectronic properties. Heteroatom doping of hexagonal carbon sheet of GQDs is an effective strategy to tailor their properties to meet desired application. In this work, sulfur doped GQDs (S-GQDs) were synthesized by simply pyrolyzing citric acid (CA) as a source of carbon and 3-Mercaptopropionic acid as a source of sulfur dopant. The optimal reaction conditions (ratio of the carbon to dopant source, temperature and time of reaction) were obtained while investigating their effect on the quantum yield and fluorescence properties of GQDs and, are hereby, reported for the first time. The as-synthesized S-GQDs were extensively characterized by different analytical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis Spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. S-GQDs were found uniform in size (∼4 nm) and spherical in shape with strong blue fluorescence. Further, for in-depth analysis of experimental results and underlying phenomena, theoretical studies based on density functional theory were performed for chemical structure optimization, possible sites of doping and density of states calculation. The synthesized S-GQDs exhibited excellent solubility in water, a stronger fluorescence and desirably higher quantum yield (57.44%) as compared to that of previously reported undoped GQDs. These successfully demonstrated unique and improved properties of S-GQDs present them as a potential candidate for biomedical, optical, electrical and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadian
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Kumar S, Panwar S, Kumar S, Augustine S, Malhotra BD. Biofunctionalized Nanostructured Yttria Modified Non-Invasive Impedometric Biosensor for Efficient Detection of Oral Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1190. [PMID: 31443571 PMCID: PMC6780737 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report results of the studies relating to the development of an efficient biosensor for non-invasive detection of CYFRA-21-1 cancer biomarker. We used a low dielectric constant material (nanostructured yttrium oxide, nY2O3) for the fabrication of the biosensing platform. The nY2O3 was synthesized via solvothermal process and functionalized using 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES). Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of the functionalized nanomaterial (APTES/nY2O3) onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass electrode was conducted at a DC potential of 50V for 60s. The EDC-NHS chemistry was used for covalent immobilization of -COOH bearing monoclonal anti-CYFRA-21-1 onto -NH2 groups of APTES/nY2O3/ITO electrode. To avoid the non-specific interaction on the anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nY2O3/ITO immunoelectrode, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized for structural and morphological studies, whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for the bonding analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used for electrochemical characterization and response studies of fabricated electrodes. The fabricated immunosensor (BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/APTES/nY2O3/ITO) exhibited linearity in the range of 0.01-50 ng·mL-1, sensitivity of 226.0 Ω·mL·ng-1, and lower detection limit of 0.01·ng·mL-1. A reasonable correlation was observed between the results obtained using this biosensor and concentration of CYFRA-21-1 measured through ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique in salivary samples of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suveen Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi110007, India
| | - Shweta Panwar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Shine Augustine
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi110042, India.
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Facile and highly sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensing platform based on hierarchical architectured polydopamine/tungsten oxide nanocomposite film. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Gu H, Tang H, Xiong P, Zhou Z. Biomarkers-based Biosensing and Bioimaging with Graphene for Cancer Diagnosis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E130. [PMID: 30669634 PMCID: PMC6358776 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
At the onset of cancer, specific biomarkers get elevated or modified in body fluids or tissues. Early diagnosis of these biomarkers can greatly improve the survival rate or facilitate effective treatment with different modalities. Potential nanomaterial-based biosensing and bioimaging are the main techniques in nanodiagnostics because of their ultra-high selectivity and sensitivity. Emerging graphene, including two dimensional (2D) graphene films, three dimensional (3D) graphene architectures and graphene hybrids (GHs) nanostructures, are attracting increasing interests in the field of biosensing and bioimaging. Due to their remarkable optical, electronic, and thermal properties; chemical and mechanical stability; large surface area; and good biocompatibility, graphene-based nanomaterials are applicable alternatives as versatile platforms to detect biomarkers at the early stage of cancer. Moreover, currently, extensive applications of graphene-based biosensing and bioimaging has resulted in promising prospects in cancer diagnosis. We also hope this review will provide critical insights to inspire more exciting researches to address the current remaining problems in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Huiling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Ping Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
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Xu Q, Yuan H, Dong X, Zhang Y, Asif M, Dong Z, He W, Ren J, Sun Y, Xiao F. Dual nanoenzyme modified microelectrode based on carbon fiber coated with AuPd alloy nanoparticles decorated graphene quantum dots assembly for electrochemical detection in clinic cancer samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 107:153-162. [PMID: 29455025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of high-efficient technologies for cancer biomarkers detection has attracted tremendous research effort for its great clinic significance. In this work, we designed a new type of flexible and robust nanohybrid microelectrode by modifying carbon fiber with dual nanoenzyme, i.e., AuPd alloy nanoparticles (AuPd-ANPs) decorated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) assembly, and explored its practical application in electrochemical sensing system for sensitive detection of cancer biomarker hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human breast cancer cells and tissue. For the preparation of dual nanoenzyme modified microelectrode, ionic liquid was used as the electrolyte for the effective electrodeposition of GQDs on carbon fiber substrate to form a close-packed assembly under a very negative potential, then the highly dense AuPd-ANPs were uniformly decorated on GQDs assembly by electrodeposition. In virtue of the structural merits and synergistic contribution of dual nanoenzyme in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity to H2O2, the resultant nanohybrid microelectrode exhibited good sensing performances for electrochemical detection of H2O2, including a high sensitivity of 371 μA cm-2 mM-1, a wide linear range from 1.0 μM to 18.44 mM, a low detection limit of 500 nM (a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1), as well as good selectivity and biocompatibility, which could be used for real-time tracking H2O2 released from different types of human breast cells and in situ sensitive detection of H2O2 in clinical breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xulin Dong
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zehua Dong
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wenshan He
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ren
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Yimin Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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