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Thenuwara G, Javed B, Singh B, Tian F. Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2865. [PMID: 38732975 PMCID: PMC11086276 DOI: 10.3390/s24092865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, poses a significant challenge owing to its dynamic and intricate tumor microenvironment. This review investigates the innovative integration of biosensor-enhanced organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models as a novel strategy for an in-depth exploration of glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. In recent years, the transformative approach of incorporating biosensors into OOC platforms has enabled real-time monitoring and analysis of cellular behaviors within a controlled microenvironment. Conventional in vitro and in vivo models exhibit inherent limitations in accurately replicating the complex nature of glioblastoma progression. This review addresses the existing research gap by pioneering the integration of biosensor-enhanced OOC models, providing a comprehensive platform for investigating glioblastoma tumor microenvironment dynamics. The applications of this combined approach in studying glioblastoma dynamics are critically scrutinized, emphasizing its potential to bridge the gap between simplistic models and the intricate in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the article discusses the implications of biosensor-enhanced OOC models in elucidating the dynamic features of the tumor microenvironment, encompassing cell migration, proliferation, and interactions. By furnishing real-time insights, these models significantly contribute to unraveling the complex biology of glioblastoma, thereby influencing the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathree Thenuwara
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Bilal Javed
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Baljit Singh
- MiCRA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway, Technological University Dublin (TU Dublin), D24 FKT9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Furong Tian
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman Lower, D07 H6K8 Dublin, Ireland; (G.T.); (B.J.)
- Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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2
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Vatankhahan H, Esteki F, Jabalameli MA, Kiani P, Ehtiati S, Movahedpour A, Vakili O, Khatami SH. Electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of glioblastoma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117878. [PMID: 38493942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and life-threatening neurological malignancy of predominant astrocyte origin. This type of neoplasm can develop in either the brain or the spine and is also known as glioblastoma multiforme. Although current diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) facilitate tumor location, these approaches are unable to assess disease severity. Furthermore, interpretation of imaging studies requires significant expertise which can have substantial inter-observer variability, thus challenging diagnosis and potentially delaying treatment. In contrast, biosensing systems offer a promising alternative to these traditional approaches. These technologies can continuously monitor specific molecules, providing valuable real-time data on treatment response, and could significantly improve patient outcomes. Among various types of biosensors, electrochemical systems are preferred over other types, as they do not require expensive or complex equipment or procedures and can be made with readily available materials and methods. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors can detect very small amounts of analytes with high accuracy and specificity by using various signal amplification strategies and recognition elements. Considering the advantages of electrochemical biosensors compared to other biosensing methods, we aim to highlight the potential application(s) of these sensors for GBM theranostics. The review's innovative insights are expected to antecede the development of novel biosensors and associated diagnostic platforms, ultimately restructuring GBM detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Vatankhahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Esteki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jabalameli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Kiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Rajarathinam T, Thirumalai D, Jayaraman S, Yang S, Ishigami A, Yoon JH, Paik HJ, Lee J, Chang SC. Glutamate oxidase sheets-Prussian blue grafted amperometric biosensor for the real time monitoring of glutamate release from primary cortical neurons. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127903. [PMID: 37939751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) is a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in GLU estimation is the existence of other biomolecules in the brain that could directly get oxidized at the electrode. Hence, highly selective electroenzymatic biosensors that enable rapid estimation of GLU are needed. Initially, a copolymer, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate- styrene) was synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to noncovalently functionalize reduced graphene oxide (rGO), named DS-rGO. Glutamate oxidase macromolecule immobilized DS-rGO formed enzyme nanosheets, which was drop-coated over Prussian blue electrodeposited disposable electrodes to fabricate the GLU biosensor. The interconnectivity between the enzyme nanosheets and the Prussian blue endows the biosensor with enhanced conductivity and electrochemical activity. The biosensor exhibited a linearity: 3.25-250 μM; sensitivity: 3.96 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection: 0.96 μM for GLU in the Neurobasal Medium. The biosensor was applied to an in vitro primary rat cortical model to discriminate GLU levels in Neurobasal Medium, before and after KCl mediated depolarization, which provides new insights for elucidating neuronal functioning in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- BIT Convergence-based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivaguru Jayaraman
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Ostertag BJ, Ross AE. Editors' Choice-Review-The Future of Carbon-Based Neurochemical Sensing: A Critical Perspective. ECS SENSORS PLUS 2023; 2:043601. [PMID: 38170109 PMCID: PMC10759280 DOI: 10.1149/2754-2726/ad15a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based sensors have remained critical materials for electrochemical detection of neurochemicals, rooted in their inherent biocompatibility and broad potential window. Real-time monitoring using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry has resulted in the rise of minimally invasive carbon fiber microelectrodes as the material of choice for making measurements in tissue, but challenges with carbon fiber's innate properties have limited its applicability to understudied neurochemicals. Here, we provide a critical review of the state of carbon-based real-time neurochemical detection and offer insight into ways we envision addressing these limitations in the future. This piece focuses on three main hinderances of traditional carbon fiber based materials: diminished temporal resolution due to geometric properties and adsorption/desorption properties of the material, poor selectivity/specificity to most neurochemicals, and the inability to tune amorphous carbon surfaces for specific interfacial interactions. Routes to addressing these challenges could lie in methods like computational modeling of single-molecule interfacial interactions, expansion to tunable carbon-based materials, and novel approaches to synthesizing these materials. We hope this critical piece does justice to describing the novel carbon-based materials that have preceded this work, and we hope this review provides useful solutions to innovate carbon-based material development in the future for individualized neurochemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise J. Ostertag
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States of America
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States of America
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Woeppel K, Dhawan V, Shi D, Cui XT. Nanotopography-enhanced biomimetic coating maintains bioactivity after weeks of dry storage and improves chronic neural recording. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122326. [PMID: 37716282 PMCID: PMC10993103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a nanoparticle base layer technology capable of maintaining the bioactivity of protein-based neural probe coating intended to improve neural recording quality. When covalently bound on thiolated nanoparticle (TNP) modified surfaces, neural adhesion molecule L1 maintained bioactivity throughout 8 weeks of dry storage at room temperature, while those bound to unmodified surfaces lost 66% bioactivity within 3 days. We tested the TNP + L1 coating in mouse brains on two different neural electrode arrays after two different dry storage durations (3 and 28 days). The results show that dry-stored coating is as good as the freshly prepared, and even after 28 days of storage, the number of single units per channel and signal-to-noise ratio of the TNP + L1 coated arrays were significantly higher by 32% and 40% respectively than uncoated controls over 16 weeks. This nanoparticle base layer approach enables the dissemination of biomolecule-functionalized neural probes to users worldwide and may also benefit a broad range of applications that rely on surface-bound biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Woeppel
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Delin Shi
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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6
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Choi HK, Choi JH, Yoon J. An Updated Review on Electrochemical Nanobiosensors for Neurotransmitter Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37754127 PMCID: PMC10526534 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds released by nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, that play an essential role in the transmission of signals in living organisms, particularly in the central nervous system, and they also perform roles in realizing the function and maintaining the state of each organ in the body. The dysregulation of neurotransmitters can cause neurological disorders. This highlights the significance of precise neurotransmitter monitoring to allow early diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a complete multidisciplinary examination of electrochemical biosensors integrating nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in order to achieve the accurate detection and monitoring of neurotransmitters. We introduce extensively researched neurotransmitters and their respective functions in biological beings. Subsequently, electrochemical biosensors are classified based on methodologies employed for direct detection, encompassing the recently documented cell-based electrochemical monitoring systems. These methods involve the detection of neurotransmitters in neuronal cells in vitro, the identification of neurotransmitters emitted by stem cells, and the in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters. The incorporation of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies into electrochemical biosensors has the potential to assist in the timely detection and management of neurological disorders. This study provides significant insights for researchers and clinicians regarding precise neurotransmitter monitoring and its implications regarding numerous biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Jin-Ha Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Clean Energy Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Atilgan H, Unal B, Yalcinkaya EE, Evren G, Atik G, Ozturk Kirbay F, Kilic NM, Odaci D. Development of an Enzymatic Biosensor Using Glutamate Oxidase on Organic-Inorganic-Structured, Electrospun Nanofiber-Modified Electrodes for Monosodium Glutamate Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040430. [PMID: 37185504 PMCID: PMC10135961 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, dendrimer-modified montmorillonite (Mt)-decorated poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHIT)-based nanofibers were prepared. Mt was modified with a poly(amidoamine) generation 1 (PAMAMG1) dendrimer, and the obtained PAMAMG1-Mt was incorporated into the PCL-CHIT nanofiber's structure. The PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt nanofibers were conjugated with glutamate oxidase (GluOx) to design a bio-based detection system for monosodium glutamate (MSG). PAMAMG1-Mt was added to the PCL-CHIT backbone to provide a multipoint binding side to immobilize GluOx via covalent bonds. After the characterization of PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt/GluOx, it was calibrated for MSG. The linear ranges were determined from 0.025 to 0.25 mM MSG using PCL-CHIT/Mt/GluOx and from 0.0025 to 0.175 mM MSG using PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt/GluOx (with a detection limit of 7.019 µM for PCL-CHIT/Mt/GluOx and 1.045 µM for PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt/GluOx). Finally, PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt/GluOx was applied to analyze MSG content in tomato soup without interfering with the sample matrix, giving a recovery percentage of 103.125%. Hence, the nanofiber modification with dendrimer-intercalated Mt and GluOx conjugation onto the formed nanocomposite structures was performed, and the PCL-CHIT/PAMAMG1-Mt/GluOx system was successfully developed for MSG detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdiye Atilgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Betul Unal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Esra Evrim Yalcinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Gizem Evren
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Gozde Atik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozturk Kirbay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Nur Melis Kilic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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Saha S, Sachdev M, Mitra SK. Recent advances in label-free optical, electrochemical, and electronic biosensors for glioma biomarkers. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:011502. [PMID: 36844882 PMCID: PMC9949901 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary brain tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Currently, the diagnostic and monitoring options for glioma mainly revolve around imaging techniques, which often provide limited information and require supervisory expertise. Liquid biopsy is a great alternative or complementary monitoring protocol that can be implemented along with other standard diagnosis protocols. However, standard detection schemes for sampling and monitoring biomarkers in different biological fluids lack the necessary sensitivity and ability for real-time analysis. Lately, biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technology has attracted significant attention due to several advantageous features, including high sensitivity and specificity, high-throughput analysis, minimally invasive, and multiplexing ability. In this review article, we have focused our attention on glioma and presented a literature survey summarizing the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers associated with glioma. Further, we discussed different biosensory approaches reported to date for the detection of specific glioma biomarkers. Current biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used for point-of-care devices or liquid biopsies. However, for real clinical applications, these biosensors lack high-throughput and multiplexed analysis, which can be achieved via integration with microfluidic systems. We shared our perspective on the current state-of-the-art different biosensor-based diagnostic and monitoring technologies reported and the future research scopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focusing on biosensors for glioma detection, and it is anticipated that the review will offer a new pathway for the development of such biosensors and related diagnostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj Sachdev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sushanta K. Mitra
- Micro and Nanoscale Transport Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Chougale A, Vedante S, Kulkarni G, Patnawar S. Recent Progress on Biosensors for the Early Detection of Neurological Disorders. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chougale
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Adelaide SA Australia 5000
| | - Shruti Vedante
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Adelaide SA Australia 5000
| | - Guruprasad Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering Kolhapur Maharashtra India 416234
| | - Sneha Patnawar
- Department of Biotechnology Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering Kolhapur Maharashtra India. 416234
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10
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Simple and free-labeled voltammetry determination of glioma cell. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1425-1431. [DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tang S, Wang C, Liu K, Luo B, Dong H, Wang X, Hou P, Li A. In Vivo Detection of Glutamate in Tomatoes by an Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Biosensor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30535-30542. [PMID: 36061716 PMCID: PMC9434751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo and on-site detection of key physiology parameters in plants will be of great relevance for precision agriculture and food technology. In this work, a sensitive enzymatic glutamate sensor was successfully developed. To enhance the conductivity and catalytic ability and to fix the glutamate oxidase, Au-Pt nanoparticles were first deposited on screen-printed electrodes, and then carboxylated graphene oxide and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes were fabricated for the synthesis of the electrode. The detection range of the glutamate sensor is widest (2 μM to 16 mM) up to date, and its detection limit is relatively low (0.14 μM). A number of standard curves were built in the pH range of 3.5-7.5, which can be applied in various plants and fruits. Using this sensor, the glutamate level in tomatoes was determined in vivo. This glutamate sensor has important practical value in precision agriculture. Our strategy also provides a way to establish the detection modes for other biomolecules in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunkun Tang
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College
of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongtu Dong
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Peichen Hou
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Aixue Li
- Research
Center of Intelligent Equipment, Beijing
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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12
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Porous Carbon Boosted Non-Enzymatic Glutamate Detection with Ultra-High Sensitivity in Broad Range Using Cu Ions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121987. [PMID: 35745326 PMCID: PMC9230436 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor, based on the electrode of a chitosan-derived carbon foam, has been successfully developed for the detection of glutamate. Attributed to the chelation of Cu ions and glutamate molecules, the glutamate could be detected in an amperometric way by means of the redox reactions of chelation compounds, which outperform the traditional enzymatic sensors. Moreover, due to the large electroactive surface area and effective electron transportation of the porous carbon foam, a remarkable electrochemical sensitivity up to 1.9 × 104 μA/mM∙cm2 and a broad-spectrum detection range from nM to mM scale have been achieved, which is two-orders of magnitude higher and one magnitude broader than the best reported values thus far. Furthermore, our reported glutamate detection system also demonstrates a desirable anti-interference ability as well as a durable stability. The experimental revelations show that the Cu ions chelation-assisted electrochemical sensor with carbon foam electrode has significant potential for an easy fabricating, enzyme-free, broad-spectrum, sensitive, anti-interfering, and stable glutamate-sensing platform.
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Abstract
The detection of neurotransmitter release from reprogrammed human cell is an important demonstration of their functionality. Electrochemistry has the distinct advantages over alternative methods that it allows for the measuring of the analyte of interest at a high temporal resolution. This is necessary for fast events, such as neurotransmitter release and reuptake, which happen in the order of milliseconds to seconds. The precise description of these kinetic events can lead to insights into the function of cells in health and disease and allows for the exploration of events that might be missed using methods that look at absolute concentration values or methods that have a slower sampling rate. In the present chapter, we describe the use of constant potential amperometry and enzyme-coated multielectrode arrays for the detection of glutamate in vitro. These biosensors have the distinct advantage of "self-referencing," a method providing high selectivity while retaining outstanding temporal resolution. Here, we provide a step-by-step user guide for a commercially available system and its application for in vitro systems such as reprogrammed cells.
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Carriere VM, Rodrigues JP, Tan C, Arumugam P, Poh S. In Vitro Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Activated Macrophages via a Platinum Microelectrode Array. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165607. [PMID: 34451050 PMCID: PMC8402354 DOI: 10.3390/s21165607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an excess of endogenous or exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body, is closely aligned with inflammatory responses. ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide, and radical hydroxyl ions serve essential functions in fighting infection; however, chronic elevation of these species irreversibly damages cellular components. Given the central role of inflammation in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, a low-cost, extracellular, non-invasive assay of H2O2 measurement is needed. This work reports the use of a platinum microelectrode array (Pt MEA)-based ceramic probe to detect time- and concentration-dependent variations in H2O2 production by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. First, these cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce oxidative stress. Chronoamperometry was then employed to detect the quantity of H2O2 released by cells at various time intervals up to 48 h. The most stimulatory concentration of LPS was identified. Further experiments assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone (Dex), a commonly prescribed steroid medication. As expected, the probe detected significantly increased H2O2 production by LPS-doped macrophages, subsequently diminishing the pro-inflammatory effect in LPS-doped cells treated with Dex. These results strongly support the use of this probe as a non-invasive, robust, point-of-care test of inflammation, with a high potential for multiplexing in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Carriere
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (V.M.C.); (J.P.R.)
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Jolin P. Rodrigues
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (V.M.C.); (J.P.R.)
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Chao Tan
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (C.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Prabhu Arumugam
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA; (C.T.); (P.A.)
| | - Scott Poh
- College of Engineering and Science-Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Brain neurochemical monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113351. [PMID: 34049083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurochemical monitoring aims to provide continuous and accurate measurements of brain biomarkers. It has enabled significant advances in neuroscience for application in clinical diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of brain diseases. Microfabricated electrochemical and optical spectroscopy sensing technologies have been developed for precise monitoring of brain neurochemicals. Here, a comprehensive review on the progress of sensing technologies developed for brain neurochemical monitoring is presented. The review provides a summary of the widely measured clinically relevant neurochemicals and commonly adopted recognition technologies. Recent advances in sampling, electrochemistry, and optical spectroscopy for brain neurochemical monitoring are highlighted and their application are discussed. Existing gaps in current technologies and future directions to design industry standard brain neurochemical sensing devices for clinical applications are addressed.
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16
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Djisalov M, Knežić T, Podunavac I, Živojević K, Radonic V, Knežević NŽ, Bobrinetskiy I, Gadjanski I. Cultivating Multidisciplinarity: Manufacturing and Sensing Challenges in Cultured Meat Production. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:204. [PMID: 33803111 PMCID: PMC7998526 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Meat cultivation via cellular agriculture holds great promise as a method for future food production. In theory, it is an ideal way of meat production, humane to the animals and sustainable for the environment, while keeping the same taste and nutritional values as traditional meat and having additional benefits such as controlled fat content and absence of antibiotics and hormones used in the traditional meat industry. However, in practice, there is still a number of challenges, such as those associated with the upscale of cultured meat (CM). CM food safety monitoring is a necessary factor when envisioning both the regulatory compliance and consumer acceptance. To achieve this, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. This includes extensive development of the sensitive and specific analytical devices i.e., sensors to enable reliable food safety monitoring throughout the whole future food supply chain. In addition, advanced monitoring options can help in the further optimization of the meat cultivation which may reduce the currently still high costs of production. This review presents an overview of the sensor monitoring options for the most relevant parameters of importance for meat cultivation. Examples of the various types of sensors that can potentially be used in CM production are provided and the options for their integration into bioreactors, as well as suggestions on further improvements and more advanced integration approaches. In favor of the multidisciplinary approach, we also include an overview of the bioreactor types, scaffolding options as well as imaging techniques relevant for CM research. Furthermore, we briefly present the current status of the CM research and related regulation, societal aspects and challenges to its upscaling and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivana Gadjanski
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.Dj.); (T.K.); (I.P.); (K.Ž.); (V.R.); (N.Ž.K.); (I.B.)
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17
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Tan C, Robbins EM, Wu B, Cui XT. Recent Advances in In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:208. [PMID: 33670703 PMCID: PMC7922317 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a complex network that accounts for only 5% of human mass but consumes 20% of our energy. Uncovering the mysteries of the brain's functions in motion, memory, learning, behavior, and mental health remains a hot but challenging topic. Neurochemicals in the brain, such as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, gliotransmitters, hormones, and metabolism substrates and products, play vital roles in mediating and modulating normal brain function, and their abnormal release or imbalanced concentrations can cause various diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. A wide range of techniques have been used to probe the concentrations of neurochemicals under normal, stimulated, diseased, and drug-induced conditions in order to understand the neurochemistry of drug mechanisms and develop diagnostic tools or therapies. Recent advancements in detection methods, device fabrication, and new materials have resulted in the development of neurochemical sensors with improved performance. However, direct in vivo measurements require a robust sensor that is highly sensitive and selective with minimal fouling and reduced inflammatory foreign body responses. Here, we review recent advances in neurochemical sensor development for in vivo studies, with a focus on electrochemical and optical probes. Other alternative methods are also compared. We discuss in detail the in vivo challenges for these methods and provide an outlook for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
| | - Elaine M. Robbins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Bingchen Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (C.T.); (E.M.R.); (B.W.)
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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18
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Rodrigues JP, Prajapati N, DeCoster MA, Poh S, Murray TA. Efficient LRP1-Mediated Uptake and Low Cytotoxicity of Peptide L57 In Vitro Shows Its Promise as CNS Drug Delivery Vector. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:824-832. [PMID: 33065129 PMCID: PMC7855644 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although an abundance of drug candidates exists which are aimed at the remediation of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, the utility of some are severely limited by their inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Potential drug delivery systems such as the Angiopep family of peptides have shown modest potential; however, there is a need for novel drug delivery candidates that incorporate peptidomimetics to enhance the efficiency of transcytosis, specificity, and biocompatibility. Here, we report on the first in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity study of a peptidomimetic, cationic peptide, L57. It binds to cluster 4 of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor which is expressed in numerous cell types, such as brain endothelial cells. We used early-passage-number brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes harvested from rat pup brains that highly express LRP1, to study the uptake of L57 versus Angiopep-7 (A7). Uptake of L57 and A7 showed a concentration-dependent increase, with L57 being taken up to a greater degree than A7 at the same concentration. Additionally, peptide uptake in LRP1-deficient PEA 10 cells had greatly reduced uptake. Furthermore, L57 demonstrated excellent cell viability versus A7, showing promise as a potential drug delivery vector for CNS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neela Prajapati
- Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Mark A DeCoster
- Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Scott Poh
- Chemistry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
| | - Teresa A Murray
- Biomedical Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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19
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Kotru S, Klimuntowski M, Ridha H, Uddin Z, Askhar AA, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Electrochemical sensing: A prognostic tool in the fight against COVID-19. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 136:116198. [PMID: 33518850 PMCID: PMC7825925 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated the world, despite all efforts in infection control and treatment/vaccine development. Hospitals are currently overcrowded, with health statuses of patients often being hard to gauge. Therefore, methods for determining infection severity need to be developed so that high-risk patients can be prioritized, resources can be efficiently distributed, and fatalities can be prevented. Electrochemical prognostic biosensing of various biomarkers may hold promise in solving these problems as they are low-cost and provide timely results. Therefore, we have reviewed the literature and extracted the most promising biomarkers along with their most favourable electrochemical sensors. The biomarkers discussed in this paper are C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins (ILs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferons (IFNs), glutamate, breath pH, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils and D-dimer. Metabolic syndrome is also discussed as comorbidity for COVID-19 patients, as it increases infection severity and raises chances of becoming infected. Cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), are discussed as a potential adjunct therapy for COVID-19 as their medicinal properties may be desirable in minimizing the neurodegenerative or severe inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19 infection. Currently, hospitals are struggling to provide adequate care; thus, point-of-care electrochemical sensor development needs to be prioritized to provide an approximate prognosis for hospital patients. During and following the immediate aftermath of the pandemic, electrochemical sensors can also be integrated into wearable and portable devices to help patients monitor recovery while returning to their daily lives. Beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, these sensors will also prove useful for monitoring inflammation-based diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda Kotru
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin Klimuntowski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hashim Ridha
- School of Interdisciplinary Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Ali A Askhar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matiar M R Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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20
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Rojas D, Escarpa A. Electrochemical Sensing Directions for Next-Generation Healthcare: Trends, Challenges, and Frontiers. Anal Chem 2020; 93:167-183. [PMID: 33174738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Chemical Research Institute Andres M. del Rio, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Doughty PT, Hossain I, Gong C, Ponder KA, Pati S, Arumugam PU, Murray TA. Novel microwire-based biosensor probe for simultaneous real-time measurement of glutamate and GABA dynamics in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12777. [PMID: 32728074 PMCID: PMC7392771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) neurotransmitters in the brain, respectively. Dysregulation of the E/I ratio is associated with numerous neurological disorders. Enzyme-based microelectrode array biosensors present the potential for improved biocompatibility, localized sample volumes, and much faster sampling rates over existing measurement methods. However, enzymes degrade over time. To overcome the time limitation of permanently implanted microbiosensors, we created a microwire-based biosensor that can be periodically inserted into a permanently implanted cannula. Biosensor coatings were based on our previously developed GLU and reagent-free GABA shank-type biosensor. In addition, the microwire biosensors were in the same geometric plane for the improved acquisition of signals in planar tissue including rodent brain slices, cultured cells, and brain regions with laminar structure. We measured real-time dynamics of GLU and GABA in rat hippocampal slices and observed a significant, nonlinear shift in the E/I ratio from excitatory to inhibitory dominance as electrical stimulation frequency increased from 10 to 140 Hz, suggesting that GABA release is a component of a homeostatic mechanism in the hippocampus to prevent excitotoxic damage. Additionally, we recorded from a freely moving rat over fourteen weeks, inserting fresh biosensors each time, thus demonstrating that the microwire biosensor overcomes the time limitation of permanently implanted biosensors and that the biosensors detect relevant changes in GLU and GABA levels that are consistent with various behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Timothy Doughty
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Imran Hossain
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Chenggong Gong
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Kayla A Ponder
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Sandipan Pati
- UAB Epilepsy Center/Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Prabhu U Arumugam
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA. .,Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
| | - Teresa A Murray
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
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22
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23
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Nguyen TNH, Nolan JK, Cheng X, Park H, Wang Y, Lam S, Lee H, Kim SJ, Shi R, Chubykin AA, Lee H. Fabrication and ex vivo evaluation of activated carbon-Pt microparticle based glutamate biosensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020; 866. [PMID: 32489342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant neurotransmitters in the brain and the spinal cord, glutamate plays many important roles in the nervous system. Precise information about the level of glutamate in the extracellular space of living brain tissue may provide new insights on fundamental understanding of the role of glutamate in neurological disorders as well as neurophysiological phenomena. Electrochemical sensor has emerged as a promising solution that can satisfy the requirement for highly reliable and continuous monitoring method with good spatiotemporal resolution for characterization of extracellular glutamate concentration. Recently, we published a method to create a simple printable glutamate biosensor using platinum nanoparticles. In this work, we introduce an even simpler and lower cost conductive polymer composite using commercially available activated carbon with platinum microparticles to easily fabricate highly sensitive glutamate biosensor using direct ink writing method. The fabricated biosensors are functionality superior than previously reported with the sensitivity of 5.73 ± 0.078 nA μM-1 mm-2, detection limit of 0.03 μM, response time less than or equal to 1 s, and a linear range from 1 μM up to 925 μM. In this study, we utilize astrocyte cell culture to demonstrate our biosensor's ability to monitor glutamate uptake process. We also demonstrate direct measurement of glutamate release from optogenetic stimulation in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran N H Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - James K Nolan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyunsu Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie Lam
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Riyi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexander A Chubykin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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24
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Nolan JK, Nguyen TNH, Le KVH, DeLong LE, Lee H. Simple Fabrication of Flexible Biosensor Arrays Using Direct Writing for Multianalyte Measurement from Human Astrocytes. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:33-46. [PMID: 31766939 PMCID: PMC7263197 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319888442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of glucose, lactate, and neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate) in cell culture over hours and days can provide a more dynamic and longitudinal perspective on ways neural cells respond to various drugs and environmental cues. Compared with conventional microfabrication techniques, direct writing of conductive ink is cheaper, faster, and customizable, which allows rapid iteration for different applications. Using a simple direct writing technique, we printed biosensor arrays onto cell culture dishes, flexible laminate, and glass to enable multianalyte monitoring. The ink was a composite of PEDOT:PSS conductive polymer, silicone, activated carbon, and Pt microparticles. We applied 0.5% Nafion to the biosensors for selectivity and functionalized them with oxidase enzymes. We characterized biosensors in phosphate-buffered saline and in cell culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. The biosensor arrays measured glucose, lactate, and glutamate simultaneously and continued to function after incubation in cell culture at 37 °C for up to 2 days. We cultured primary human astrocytes on top of the biosensor arrays and placed arrays into astrocyte cultures. The biosensors simultaneously measured glucose, glutamate, and lactate from astrocyte cultures. Direct writing can be integrated with microfluidic organ-on-a-chip platforms or as part of a smart culture dish system. Because we print extrudable and flexible components, sensing elements can be printed on any 3D or flexible substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Nolan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tran N. H. Nguyen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Khanh Vy H. Le
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luke E. DeLong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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25
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Schultz J, Uddin Z, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors. Analyst 2020; 145:321-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing guidelines for glutamate in biofluids, associated with different diseases, providing knowledge translation among science, engineering, and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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26
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Xia L, Han M, Zhou L, Huang A, Yang Z, Wang T, Li F, Yu L, Tian C, Zang Z, Yang Q, Liu C, Hong W, Lu Y, Alfonta L, Wang J. S‐Click Reaction for Isotropic Orientation of Oxidases on Electrodes to Promote Electron Transfer at Low Potentials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16480-16484. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Ming‐Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Zhaoya Yang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Fahui Li
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhongsheng Zang
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | | | - Chenli Liu
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion MedicineShenzhen Blood Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Department of Life Sciences and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
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27
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Xia L, Han M, Zhou L, Huang A, Yang Z, Wang T, Li F, Yu L, Tian C, Zang Z, Yang Q, Liu C, Hong W, Lu Y, Alfonta L, Wang J. S‐Click Reaction for Isotropic Orientation of Oxidases on Electrodes to Promote Electron Transfer at Low Potentials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Ming‐Jie Han
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin China
| | - Zhaoya Yang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Fahui Li
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Lu Yu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China
| | - Changlin Tian
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences Hefei China
- Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zhongsheng Zang
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | | | - Chenli Liu
- Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 1068 Xueyuan Ave Shenzhen China
| | - Wenxu Hong
- Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion MedicineShenzhen Blood Center Shenzhen China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign IL 61801 USA
| | - Lital Alfonta
- Department of Life Sciences and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - Jiangyun Wang
- Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Science Chaoyang District Beijing China
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