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Zahra T, Javeria U, Jamal H, Baig MM, Akhtar F, Kamran U. A review of biocompatible polymer-functionalized two-dimensional materials: Emerging contenders for biosensors and bioelectronics applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342880. [PMID: 38969417 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics, a field pivotal in monitoring and stimulating biological processes, demands innovative nanomaterials as detection platforms. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with their thin structures and exceptional physicochemical properties, have emerged as critical substances in this research. However, these materials face challenges in biomedical applications due to issues related to their biological compatibility, adaptability, functionality, and nano-bio surface characteristics. This review examines surface modifications using covalent and non-covalent-based polymer-functionalization strategies to overcome these limitations by enhancing the biological compatibility, adaptability, and functionality of 2D nanomaterials. These surface modifications aim to create stable and long-lasting therapeutic effects, significantly paving the way for the practical application of polymer-functionalized 2D materials in biosensors and bioelectronics. The review paper critically summarizes the surface functionalization of 2D nanomaterials with biocompatible polymers, including g-C3N4, graphene family, MXene, BP, MOF, and TMDCs, highlighting their current state, physicochemical structures, synthesis methods, material characteristics, and applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. The paper concludes with a discussion of prospects, challenges, and numerous opportunities in the evolving field of bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Zahra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Umme Javeria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Jamal
- Division of Energy Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-Daero, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirza Mahmood Baig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab, 51600, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Urooj Kamran
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden; Institute of Advanced Machinery Design Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Samaha AC, Doumani J, Kritzell TE, Xu H, Baydin A, Ajayan PM, Tahchi ME, Kono J. Graphene Terahertz Devices for Sensing and Communication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401151. [PMID: 39087386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Graphene-based terahertz (THz) devices have emerged as promising platforms for a variety of applications, leveraging graphene's unique optoelectronic properties. This review explores recent advancements in utilizing graphene in THz technology, focusing on two main aspects: THz molecular sensing and THz wave modulation. In molecular sensing, the environment-sensitive THz transmission and emission properties of graphene are utilized for enabling molecular adsorption detection and biomolecular sensing. This capability holds significant potential, from the detection of pesticides to DNA at high sensitivity and selectivity. In THz wave modulation, crucial for next-generation wireless communication systems, graphene demonstrates remarkable potential in absorption modulation when gated. Novel device structures, spectroscopic systems, and metasurface architectures have enabled enhanced absorption and wave modulation. Furthermore, techniques such as spatial phase modulation and polarization manipulation have been explored. From sensing to communication, graphene-based THz devices present a wide array of opportunities for future research and development. Finally, advancements in sensing techniques not only enhance biomolecular analysis but also contribute to optimizing graphene's properties for communication by enabling efficient modulation of electromagnetic waves. Conversely, developments in communication strategies inform and enhance sensing capabilities, establishing a mutually beneficial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Christina Samaha
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Intelligent Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Jacques Doumani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - T Elijah Kritzell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hongjing Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrey Baydin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Intelligent Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences 2, Lebanese University, Jdeidet, 90656, Lebanon
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Carbon Hub, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Shamim S, Mohsin AS, Rahman MM, Hossain Bhuian MB. Recent advances in the metamaterial and metasurface-based biosensor in the gigahertz, terahertz, and optical frequency domains. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33272. [PMID: 39040247 PMCID: PMC11260956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, metamaterials and metasurface have gained rapidly increasing attention from researchers due to their extraordinary optical and electrical properties. Metamaterials are described as artificially defined periodic structures exhibiting negative permittivity and permeability simultaneously. Whereas metasurfaces are the 2D analogue of metamaterials in the sense that they have a small but not insignificant depth. Because of their high optical confinement and adjustable optical resonances, these artificially engineered materials appear as a viable photonic platform for biosensing applications. This review paper discusses the recent development of metamaterial and metasurface in biosensing applications based on the gigahertz, terahertz, and optical frequency domains encompassing the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Overlapping features such as material selection, structure, and physical mechanisms were considered during the classification of our biosensing applications. Metamaterials and metasurfaces working in the GHz range provide prospects for better sensing of biological samples, THz frequencies, falling between GHz and optical frequencies, provide unique characteristics for biosensing permitting the exact characterization of molecular vibrations, with an emphasis on molecular identification, label-free analysis, and imaging of biological materials. Optical frequencies on the other hand cover the visible and near-infrared regions, allowing fine regulation of light-matter interactions enabling metamaterials and metasurfaces to offer excellent sensitivity and specificity in biosensing. The outcome of the sensor's sensitivity to an electric or magnetic field and the resonance frequency are, in theory, determined by the frequency domain and features. Finally, the challenges and possible future perspectives in biosensing application areas have been presented that use metamaterials and metasurfaces across diverse frequency domains to improve sensitivity, specificity, and selectivity in biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadmani Shamim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abu S.M. Mohsin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mosaddequr Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Belal Hossain Bhuian
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optics and Photonics Research Group, BRAC University, Kha 224 Bir Uttam Rafiqul Islam Avenue, Merul Badda, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Fu Z, Chen J, Chen X, Sun Y, Wang F, Yang J. Exploring the Application of Terahertz Metamaterials Based on Metallic Strip Structures in Detection of Reverse Micelles. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:338. [PMID: 39056614 PMCID: PMC11275120 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy has unique advantages in the study of biological molecules in aqueous solutions. However, water has a strong absorption capability in the terahertz region. Reducing the amount of liquid could decrease interference with the terahertz wave, which may, however, affect the measurement accuracy. Therefore, it is particularly important to balance the amount and water content of liquid samples. In this work, a terahertz metamaterial sensor based on metallic strips is designed, fabricated, and used to detect reverse micelles. An aqueous confinement environment in reverse micelles can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the terahertz response. Due to "water pool" trapped in reverse micelles, the DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) solution and DOPC emulsion can successfully be identified in intensity by terahertz spectroscopy. Combined with the metamaterial sensor, an obvious frequency shift of 30 GHz can be achieved to distinguish the DOPC emulsion (5%) from the DOPC solution. This approach may provide a potential way for improving the sensitivity of detecting trace elements in a buffer solution, thus offering a valuable toolkit toward bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Yang
- College of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China; (Z.F.); (J.C.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); (F.W.)
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Zhang Y, Jia K, Ge H, Ji X, Jiang Y, Bu Y, Zhang Y, Sun Q. A Novel Terahertz Metamaterial Microfluidic Sensing Chip for Ultra-Sensitive Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1150. [PMID: 38998755 PMCID: PMC11243096 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
A terahertz metamaterial microfluidic sensing chip for ultrasensitive detection is proposed to investigate the response of substances to terahertz radiation in liquid environments and enhance the molecular fingerprinting of trace substances. The structure consists of a cover layer, a metal microstructure, a microfluidic channel, a metal reflective layer, and a buffer layer from top to bottom, respectively. The simulation results show that there are three obvious resonance absorption peaks in the range of 1.5-3.0 THz and the absorption intensities are all above 90%. Among them, the absorption intensity at M1 = 1.971 THz is 99.99%, which is close to the perfect absorption, and its refractive index sensitivity and Q-factor are 859 GHz/RIU and 23, respectively, showing excellent sensing characteristics. In addition, impedance matching and equivalent circuit theory are introduced in this paper to further analyze the physical mechanism of the sensor. Finally, we perform numerical simulations using refractive index data of normal and cancer cells, and the results show that the sensor can distinguish different types of cells well. The chip can reduce the sample pretreatment time as well as enhance the interaction between terahertz waves and matter, which can be used for early disease screening and food quality and safety detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Keke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaodi Ji
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuwei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingcheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control, Ministry of Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Photoelectric Detection and Control, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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6
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Tezsezen E, Yigci D, Ahmadpour A, Tasoglu S. AI-Based Metamaterial Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29547-29569. [PMID: 38808674 PMCID: PMC11181287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The use of metamaterials in various devices has revolutionized applications in optics, healthcare, acoustics, and power systems. Advancements in these fields demand novel or superior metamaterials that can demonstrate targeted control of electromagnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties of matter. Traditional design systems and methods often require manual manipulations which is time-consuming and resource intensive. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing metamaterial design can be employed to explore variant disciplines and address bottlenecks in design. AI-based metamaterial design can also enable the development of novel metamaterials by optimizing design parameters that cannot be achieved using traditional methods. The application of AI can be leveraged to accelerate the analysis of vast data sets as well as to better utilize limited data sets via generative models. This review covers the transformative impact of AI and AI-based metamaterial design for optics, acoustics, healthcare, and power systems. The current challenges, emerging fields, future directions, and bottlenecks within each domain are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tezsezen
- Graduate
School of Science and Engineering, Koç
University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Defne Yigci
- School
of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Abdollah Ahmadpour
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University
Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University
Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç
University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Bogaziçi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogaziçi
University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
- Koç
University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries
(KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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7
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Wang D, Luo S, Xu KD. A Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor for Pesticide Sensing and Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27969-27978. [PMID: 38752539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves have garnered significant interest across various fields, particularly in high-sensitivity sensing applications. Metamaterials can be employed in THz sensors, specifically for refractive index sensing and pesticide detection due to their high-sensitivity characteristics. In this Article, a dual-band flexible THz metamaterial sensor based on polyimide is proposed for refractive index and pesticide sensing, which is fabricated using ultraviolet (UV) lithography technology and measured by a THz time-domain spectroscope (TDS) system. The resonant frequencies of the sensor are at 0.37 and 1.13 THz, with transmission rates of 2.9% and 0.3%, respectively. With an analyte layer attached to the sensor's surface, the sensitivity of refractive index sensing can be calculated as 0.09 and 0.28 THz/RIU (refractive index unit) at the two resonant frequencies. In order to validate the exceptional pesticide sensing performance of the sensor, chlorpyrifos-methyl acetone solutions with various concentrations are added on it. Furthermore, a monolayer of graphene is coated on the sensor's surface, which is proved capable of improving pesticide sensing sensitivity at low concentrations due to strong π-π stacking interactions with π-electrons in chlorpyrifos-methyl solutions. Therefore, the graphene-coated sensor can be utilized in detecting pesticide solutions with low concentrations, and the sensor without graphene is preferred for high concentration detection. This work provides a novel option for the THz metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity covering a wide pesticide concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Siyuan Luo
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Kai-Da Xu
- School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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8
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Chernyadiev AV, But DB, Ivonyak Y, Ikamas K, Lisauskas A. A CMOS-integrated terahertz near-field sensor based on an ultra-strongly coupled meta-atom. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11483. [PMID: 38769178 PMCID: PMC11106299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, plasmonic-based sensors operating in the terahertz frequency range have emerged as perspective tools for rapid and efficient label-free biosensing applications. In this work, we present a fully electronic approach allowing us to achieve state-of-the-art sensitivity by utilizing a near-field-coupled electronic sensor. We demonstrate that the proposed concept enables the efficient implementation and probing of a so-called ultra-strongly coupled sub-wavelength meta-atom as well as a single resonant circuit, allowing to limit the volume of material under test down to a few picoliter range. The sensor has been monolithically integrated into a cost-efficient silicon-based CMOS technology. Our findings are supported by both numerical and analytical models and validated through experiments. They lay the groundwork for near-future developments, outlining the perspectives for a terahertz microfluidic lab-on-chip dielectric spectroscopy sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Chernyadiev
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dmytro B But
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yurii Ivonyak
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, Sokołowska st. 29/37, 01-142, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kęstutis Ikamas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alvydas Lisauskas
- Institute of Applied Electrodynamics and Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, 10222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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9
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Meng Q, Zhao Y, Wang X, Su B, Zhang S, Cui H, Zhang C. Highly integrated automatic injection terahertz microfluidic biosensor based on metasurface and LT-GaAs photoconductive antenna. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16867-16878. [PMID: 38858883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly integrated terahertz (THz) biosensor is proposed and implemented, which pioneered the preparation of low-temperature gallium arsenide (LT-GaAs) thin film photoconductive antenna (PCA) on the sensor for direct generation and detection of THz waves, simplifying complex terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) systems. A latch type metasurface is deposited in the detection region to produce a resonance absorption peak at 0.6 THz that is independent of polarisation. Microfluidics is utilised and automatic injection is incorporated to mitigate the experimental effects of hydrogen bond absorption of THz waves in aqueous-based environment. Additionally, cell damage is minimised by regulating the cell flow rate. The biosensor was utilised to detect the concentration of three distinct sizes of bacteria with successful results. The assay was executed as a proof of concept to detect two distinct types of breast cancer cells. Based on the experimental findings, it has been observed that the amplitude and blueshift of the resonance absorption peaks have the ability to identify and differentiate various cancer cell types. The findings of this study introduce a novel approach for developing microfluidic THz metasurface biosensors that possess exceptional levels of integration, sensitivity, and rapid label-free detection capabilities.
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Peng J, Lin X, Yan X, Yan X, Hu X, Yao H, Liang L, Ma G. Terahertz Biosensor Engineering Based on Quasi-BIC Metasurface with Ultrasensitive Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:799. [PMID: 38727393 PMCID: PMC11085241 DOI: 10.3390/nano14090799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) sensors have attracted great attention in the biological field due to their nondestructive and contact-free biochemical samples. Recently, the concept of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) has gained significant attention in designing biosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. QBIC-based metasurfaces (MSs) achieve excellent performance in various applications, including sensing, optical switching, and laser, providing a reliable platform for biomaterial sensors with terahertz radiation. In this study, a structure-engineered THz MS consisting of a "double C" array has been designed, in which an asymmetry parameter α is introduced into the structure by changing the length of one subunit; the Q-factor of the QBIC device can be optimized by engineering the asymmetry parameter α. Theoretical calculation with coupling equations can well reproduce the THz transmission spectra of the designed THz QBIC MS obtained from the numerical simulation. Experimentally, we adopt an MS with α = 0.44 for testing arginine molecules. The experimental results show that different concentrations of arginine molecules lead to significant transmission changes near QBIC resonant frequencies, and the amplitude change is shown to be 16 times higher than that of the classical dipole resonance. The direct limit of detection for arginine molecules on the QBIC MS reaches 0.36 ng/mL. This work provides a new way to realize rapid, accurate, and nondestructive sensing of trace molecules and has potential application in biomaterial detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaona Yan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, China; (X.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (J.P.); (X.L.); (X.Y.)
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11
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Lin T, Huang Y, Zhong S, Shi T, Sun F, Zhong Y, Zeng Q, Zhang Q, Cui D. Passive trapping of biomolecules in hotspots with all-dielectric terahertz metamaterials. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116126. [PMID: 38367565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterials feature the capability of squeezing photons into hotspot regions of high intensity near-field enhancement for strong light-matter interaction, underpinning the next generation of emerging biosensors. However, randomly dispersed biomolecules around the hotspots lead to weak interactions. Here, we demonstrate an all-silicon dielectric terahertz metamaterial sensor design capable of passively trapping biomoleculars into the resonant cavities confined with powerful electric field. Specifically, multiple controllable high-quality factor resonances driven by bound states in the continuum (BIC) are realized by employing longitudinal symmetry breaking. The dielectric metamaterial sensor with nearly 15.2 experimental figure-of-merit enabling qualitative and quantitative identification of different amino acids by delivering biomolecules to the hotspots for strong light-matter interactions. It is envisioned that the presented strategy will enlighten high-performance meta-sensors design from microwaves to visible frequencies, and serve as a potential platform for microfluidic sensing, biomolecular capture, and sorting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingling Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Shuncong Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Tingting Shi
- School of Economics and Management, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Fuwei Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yujie Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiuming Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Qiukun Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Institute of Precision Instrument and Intelligent Measurement & Control, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
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12
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Luo X, Li J, Huang G, Xie F, He Z, Zeng X, Tian H, Liu Y, Fu W, Yang X. Metal-Graphene Hybrid Terahertz Metasurfaces for Circulating Tumor DNA Detection Based on Dual Signal Amplification. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2122-2133. [PMID: 38602840 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has impressive capability for label-free biosensing, but its utility in clinical laboratories is rarely reported due to often unsatisfactory detection performances. Here, we fabricated metal-graphene hybrid THz metasurfaces (MSs) for the sensitive and enzyme-free detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in pancreatic cancer plasma samples. The feasibility and mechanism of the enhanced effects of a graphene bridge across the MS and amplified by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The AuNPs serve to boost charge injection in the graphene film and result in producing a remarkable change in the graded transmissivity index to THz radiation of the MS resonators. Assay design utilizes this feature and a cascade hybridization chain reaction initiated on magnetic beads in the presence of target ctDNA to achieve dual signal amplification (chemical and optical). In addition to demonstrating subfemtomolar detection sensitivity and single-nucleotide mismatch selectivity, the proposed method showed remarkable capability to discriminate between pancreatic cancer patients and healthy individuals by recognizing and quantifying targeted ctDNAs. The introduction of graphene to the metasurface produces an improved sensitivity of 2 orders of magnitude for ctDNA detection. This is the first study to report the combined application of graphene and AuNPs in biosensing by THz spectroscopic resonators and provides a combined identification scheme to detect and discriminate different biological analytes, including nucleic acids, proteins, and various biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Li
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guorong Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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13
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Huang C, Liang L, Chang P, Yao H, Yan X, Zhang Y, Xie Y. Terahertz Liquid Biosensor Based on A Graphene Metasurface for Ultrasensitive Detection with A Quasi-Bound State in the Continuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310493. [PMID: 38033193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a quasi-bound state in a continuum (QBIC) has garnered significant attention in various fields such as sensing, communication, and optical switching. Within metasurfaces, QBICs offer a reliable platform that enables sensing capabilities through potent interactions between local electric fields and matter. Herein, a novel terahertz (THz) biosensor based on the integration of QBIC with graphene is reported, which enables multidimensional detection. The proposed biosensor is distinctive because of its ability to discern concentrations of ethanol and N-methylpyrrolidone in a wide range from 100% to 0%, by monitoring the changes in the resonance intensity and maximum wavelet coefficient. This approach demonstrates an excellent linear fit, which ensures robust quantitative analysis. The remarkable sensitivity of our biosensor enables it to detect minute changes in low-concentration solutions, with the lowest detection concentration value (LDCV) of 0.21 pg mL-1 . 2D wavelet coefficient intensity cards are effectively constructed through continuous wavelet transforms, which presents a more accurate approach for determining the concentration of the solution. Ultimately, the novel sensing platform offers a host of advantages, including heightened sensitivity and reusability. This pioneering approach establishes a new avenue for liquid-based terahertz biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Pengying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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14
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Chen J, Hu F, Lin S, Song Z, Duan Z, Zhang L, Jiang M. Hybridization chain reaction assisted terahertz metamaterial biosensor for highly sensitive detection of microRNAs. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123646. [PMID: 37980831 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Accurate determination of the miRNA concentration is of great significance for early cancer diagnosis. However, due to the short sequence and low concentration of miRNA, it is still a challenge to achieve low-concentration detection. In this work, we proposed a method for the highly sensitive detection of miRNA-21 using a terahertz (THz) metamaterial sensor combined with a Hybridization chain reaction (HCR). First, a capture hairpin probe was combined with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were then modified to the surface of the sensor for specific binding of miRNA-21. Then the signal amplification technique of HCR is used to amplify the trace amount of miRNA, and the super-long dendritic DNA macromolecules are formed on the surface of the sensor. This changes the dielectric environment of the sensor surface, and the resonance frequency of the sensor is shifted. The method has good specificity and sensitivity, and the concentration of miRNA-21 in the range of 100 aM to 10 nM shows excellent linear relationship with frequency shift. Most importantly, it paves the way for low-cost, easy-to-operate and marker-free miRNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fangrong Hu
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Shangjun Lin
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zihang Song
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhitao Duan
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Longhui Zhang
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Mingzhu Jiang
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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15
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Yin J, Xie L. Highly selective chiral molecules detection by terahertz SWNT-based metamaterials. Talanta 2024; 266:124907. [PMID: 37478762 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The selectively effective behavior of chiral molecules may have deleterious consequences on nontarget organisms and the surrounding ecosystem. Therefore, detecting enantiomers in minute concentrations is essential to prevent undesired side effects. The majority of approaches, including chiral coupling in the shortwave band with sophisticated fabrication and eluting molecules based on the time signal, are incapable of achieving rapid chiral detection. In this study, we use chemically modified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as metamaterials to increase sensitivity in the THz region while using it as the chiral stationary phase to selectively bundle one of two enantiomers. We identify chiral molecules by detecting the optical response of chemically modified SWNT-based metamaterials. The measured spectra, in particular, show very selective indications in the spectral region directly associated with distinct chiral responses, which is caused by the difference in binding forces between chemically modified SWNTs and chiral molecules. In addition, we demonstrated that the desired resonance for aqueous sensing was enveloped resonance as opposed to that with a high quality factor, which was sought for drip-dry detection. Our findings provide a simple platform for highly selectively sensing chiral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifan Yin
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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16
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Zhang Q, Ma S, Zhan X, Meng W, Wang H, Liu C, Zhang T, Zhang K, Su S. Smartphone-based wearable microfluidic electrochemical sensor for on-site monitoring of copper ions in sweat without external driving. Talanta 2024; 266:125015. [PMID: 37541004 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The directional movement of liquid without exogenous drive can show great potential in portable electrochemical platforms. Herein, we developed a portable electrochemical platform that drove electrolyte flow by surface tension gradient, which can realize collection of electrolyte, flow preconcentration and electrochemical detection of Cu2+. The induced graphene electrodes (LIG) was fabricated using laser direct writing, and flower cluster shaped ZnO nanorods (FC-ZnONRs) were prepared and modified on LIG, which provided a large amount of space for electrolyte to shuttled between the holes of LIG and ZnO, and increased the electrochemical active sites and electrons transport ability. The effect of surface tension gradients driving fluid flow could accelerate preconcentration, shorten detection time (save 300 s of preconcentration time) and enhance electrochemical responses in synergy with the 3D FC-ZnONRs/LIG. The microfluidic system possessed excellent performance for detection of Cu2+ ranged from 1 μg L-1 to 2100 μg L-1 with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.0368 μg L-1 and high sensitivity of 0.414 μA (μg L-1)-1 cm-2. Additionally, this portable microfluidic system was successfully worn on the skin for analysing Cu2+ in human sweat, and the results showed good consistency with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This novel sensing system provides a sample collection, rapid detection, low cost and easy-to-operate strategy for heavy metal ions analysis in real samples and shows huge application prospects in point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China; School of Chemical Engineering&Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221100, China.
| | - Xijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Wanghan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
| | - Keying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China.
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Du Z, He C, Xin J, Song Z. Terahertz dynamic multichannel holograms generated by spin-multiplexing reflective metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:248-259. [PMID: 38175052 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest for their unprecedented capabilities to manipulate intensity, phase, and polarization of an electromagnetic wave. Although metasurface-based wavefront modulation has achieved numerous successful results, implementation of multifunctional devices in a single metasurface still meet significant challenges. Here, a novel multilayer structure is designed using properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2). Propagation phase and geometric phase are introduced in this structure to achieve multichannel holographic imaging in terahertz band. When the temperature is above 68°C, VO2 becomes a metal and it plays a role in wavefront modulation for terahertz wave. The left-handed channel realizes a hologram letter L and the right-handed channel realizes a hologram letter R. When the temperature is below 68°C, VO2 changes to an insulator, and electromagnetic wave is controlled by gold structures embedded inside a VO2 film. In this case, hologram number 2 is realized in the left-handed channel and hologram number 6 appears in the right-handed channel. Our structure has advantages of low crosstalk, multiple channels, and large bandwidth. This novel design paves a new road for multichannel imaging and information encryption.
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18
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Shen Y, Wang J, Sheng H, Li X, Yang J, Liu H, Liu D. Double-Strip Array-Based Metasurfaces with BICs for Terahertz Thin Membrane Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:43. [PMID: 38258162 PMCID: PMC10819919 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A double-strip array-based metasurface that supports the sharp quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) is demonstrated in terahertz regions. By tuning the structural parameters of metal strips, the conversion of BICs and quasi-BICs is controllable. The simulated results exhibit an achieved maximum Q-factor for quasi-BICs that exceeds 500, corresponding to a bandwidth that is less than 1 GHz. The optical response of quasi-BICs is mainly affected by the properties of substrates. Resonant frequencies decrease linearly with increasing refractive index. The bandwidth of quasi-BICs decreases to 0.9 GHz when n is 2.2. The sharp quasi-BICs are also sensitive to changes in material absorption. Low-loss materials show higher Q-factors. Thus, the selection of a suitable substrate material will be beneficial in achieving resonance with a high Q value. The sensitivity of DSAs for molecules is assessed using a thin membrane layer. The DSAs show high sensitivity, which achieves a frequency shift of 70 GHz when the thickness of the membrane is 10 μm, corresponding to a sensitivity of 87.5 GHz/RIU. This metasurface with sharp quasi-BICs is expected to perform well in THz sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Shen
- College of Information Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinlan Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongyu Sheng
- College of Robotics, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Information Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Information Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongmei Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic, Guangzhou 511300, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (J.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Zhang W, Lin J, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Shang W, Chin LK, Zhang M. Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 38275304 PMCID: PMC10813048 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Zhang
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiahan Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhengxin Yuan
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanxiao Lin
- School of Physics and Material Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wenli Shang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lip Ket Chin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of On-Chip Communication and Sensor Chip of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Bi H, Yang M, You R. Advances in terahertz metasurface graphene for biosensing and application. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:63. [PMID: 37091985 PMCID: PMC10105365 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Based on the extraordinary electromagnetic properties of terahertz waves, such as broadband, low energy, high permeability, and biometric fingerprint spectra, terahertz sensors show great application prospects in the biochemical field. However, the sensitivity of terahertz sensing technology is increasingly required by modern sensing demands. With the development of terahertz technology and functional materials, graphene-based terahertz metasurface sensors with the advantages of high sensitivity, fingerprint identification, nondestructive and anti-interference are gradually gaining attention. In addition to providing ideas for terahertz biosensors, these devices have attracted in-depth research and development by scientists. An overview of graphene-based terahertz metasurfaces and their applications in the detection of biochemical molecules is presented. This includes sensor mechanism research, graphene metasurface index evaluation, protein and nucleic acid sensors, and other chemical molecule sensing. A comparative analysis of graphene, nanomaterials, silicon, and metals to develop material-integrated metasurfaces. Furthermore, a brief summary of the main performance results of this class of devices is presented, along with suggestions for improvements to the existing shortcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- School of Electrical and Optoelectronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, 237012 China
| | - Rui You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Measurement Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, 100084, Beijing, China
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21
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Yan D, Cui J, Li X, Zhang L, Li J, Lu W. Enhancement of wide-band trace terahertz absorption spectroscopy based on microstructures: a review. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31542-31553. [PMID: 37982714 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Research on the interaction between nanoscale materials and light holds significant scientific significance for the development of fields such as optoelectronic conversion and biosensing. The study of micro- and nano-optics has produced numerous outstanding research achievements by utilizing the dielectric optical coupling mechanism and plasmon effects to enhance the interaction between light and matter. These findings have demonstrated tremendous potential for applications in the field of molecular fingerprint sensing. This review focuses on a retrospective analysis of recent research studies in the enhancement of wide-band trace terahertz absorption spectroscopy. The physical mechanisms of using waveguide structures, dielectric metasurfaces/meta-gratings, and spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPs) to improve the interaction between light and trace-amount matters are introduced. The new approaches and methods for enhancing broad-band terahertz absorption spectroscopy of trace samples using microstructure designs are discussed. Additionally, we elucidate the scientific ideas and exploratory achievements in enhancing terahertz fingerprint spectroscopy detection. Finally, we provide an outlook on the research and development direction and potential practical applications of absorption spectroscopy enhancement detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexian Yan
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jining Li
- College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxin Lu
- College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, 430010, Hubei, China
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22
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Huang J, Wang J, Guo L, Wu D, Yan S, Chang T, Cui H. Organelle Imaging with Terahertz Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13630. [PMID: 37686436 PMCID: PMC10488156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles play core roles in living beings, especially in internal cellular actions, but the hidden information inside the cell is difficult to extract in a label-free manner. In recent years, terahertz (THz) imaging has attracted much attention because of its penetration depth in nonpolar and non-metallic materials and label-free, non-invasive and non-ionizing ability to obtain the interior information of bio-samples. However, the low spatial resolution of traditional far-field THz imaging systems and the weak dielectric contrast of biological samples hinder the application of this technology in the biological field. In this paper, we used an advanced THz scattering near-field imaging method for detecting chloroplasts on gold substrate with nano-flatness combined with an image processing method to remove the background noise and successfully obtained the subcellular-grade internal reticular structure from an Arabidopsis chloroplast THz image. In contrast, little inner information could be observed in the tea chloroplast in similar THz images. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mass spectroscopy (MS) were also used to detect structural and chemical differences inside the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis and tea plants. The preliminary results suggested that the interspecific different THz information is related to the internal spatial structures of chloroplasts and metabolite differences among species. Therefore, this method could open a new way to study the structure of individual organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Linghui Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Tianying Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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23
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Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
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24
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Liu D, Yu X, Wu F, Du W, Chen L, Liu F, Kuwahara M, Ono S. Terahertz asymmetric metallic hole arrays with polarization-independent quasi-bound states in the continuum for membrane sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23608-23620. [PMID: 37475441 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Resonances with both high-quality factor and polarization-independent characteristics are highly desirable for terahertz (THz) sensing. Here, THz sensors based on asymmetric metallic hole arrays (AMHAs) are experimentally demonstrated. Such sensors consisting of four-hole arrays support polarization-independent quasi-bound states in the continuum (BICs). The induced quasi-BIC presents a quality factor exceeding 2000, which enables enhanced sensing for thin membranes. Results show that the frequency shift is 97.5 GHz for the 25-µm thick polyimide (PI), corresponding to a sensitivity of 147.7 GHz/RIU. The sensing performance strongly relates to the enhanced field originating from sharp quasi-BICs. A maximum field enhancement of 15.88 in contrast to the incident field is achieved. When the PI thickness is large than the decay length of enhanced fields, the interaction strength of field-PI becomes weak, resulting in a saturation effect for the shift of quasi-BICs. The proposed sensor possessing polarization-independent quasi-BICs has great potential for practical sensing applications in real-time chemical and biomolecular.
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25
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Mao J, Yang F, Wang N. Metasurface-Assisted Terahertz Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5902. [PMID: 37447747 DOI: 10.3390/s23135902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, which fall between microwaves and infrared bands, possess intriguing electromagnetic properties of non-ionizing radiation, low photon energy, being highly sensitive to weak resonances, and non-polar material penetrability. Therefore, THz waves are extremely suitable for sensing and detecting chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological molecules. However, the relatively long wavelength of THz waves (30~3000 μm) compared to the size of analytes (1~100 nm for biomolecules, <10 μm for microorganisms) constrains the development of THz-based sensors. To circumvent this problem, metasurface technology, by engineering subwavelength periodic resonators, has gained a great deal of attention to enhance the resonance response of THz waves. Those metasurface-based THz sensors exhibit high sensitivity for label-free sensing, making them appealing for a variety of applications in security, medical applications, and detection. The performance of metasurface-based THz sensors is controlled by geometric structure and material parameters. The operating mechanism is divided into two main categories, passive and active. To have a profound understanding of these metasurface-assisted THz sensing technologies, we review and categorize those THz sensors, based on their operating mechanisms, including resonators for frequency shift sensing, nanogaps for enhanced field confinement, chirality for handedness detection, and active elements (such as graphene and MEMS) for advanced tunable sensing. This comprehensive review can serve as a guideline for future metasurfaces design to assist THz sensing and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yuzi Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jinxian Mao
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chips and Systems for Intelligent Connected Vehicle, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200000, China
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26
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Wang J, Peng L, Han D, Zheng T, Chang T, Cui HL. Label-free detection and identification of single bacteria via terahertz near-field imaging. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1195448. [PMID: 37333650 PMCID: PMC10272414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1195448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, terahertz (THz) imaging has attracted much attention because of its ability to obtain physical and chemical information in a label-free, noninvasive and nonionizing manner. However, the low spatial resolution of traditional THz imaging systems and the weak dielectric response of biological samples hinder the application of this technology in the biomedical field. In this paper, we report a new THz near-field imaging method for a single bacteria, through the coupling effect of nanoscale radius of probe and platinum gold substrate, which greatly enhances THz near-field signal of biological samples. A THz super-resolution image of bacteria has been successfully obtained by strictly controlling the relevant test parameters such as tip parameters and driving amplitude. By analyzing and processing the THz spectral image, the morphology and inner structure of bacteria have been observed. The method has been used to detect and identify Escherichia coli represented by Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus represented by Gram-positive bacteria. This application provides a new label-free, noninvasive and nonionizing testing protocol for the detection of single bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Peng
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Han
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Teng Zheng
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianying Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Liang Cui
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Bao Q, Sun J, Fu X, Sheng L, Ye Y, Ji J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ping J, Sun X. A Simplified Amplification-Free Strategy with Lyophilized CRISPR-CcrRNA System for Drug-Resistant Salmonella Detection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207343. [PMID: 37058127 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria has become a major threat to global health. The misuse of antibiotics has increased the number of resistant bacteria in the absence of rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools. Here, an amplification-free CRISPR-Cas12a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (AFC-TRFIA) is used to detect drug-resistant Salmonella. Multi-locus targeting in combination crRNA (CcrRNA) is 27-fold more sensitive than a standalone crRNA system. The lyophilized CRISPR system further simplifies the operation and enables one-pot detection. Induction of nucleic acid fixation via differentially charged interactions reduced the time and cost required for flowmetric chromatography with enhanced stability. The induction of nucleic acid fixation via differentially charged interactions reduces the time and cost required for flowmetric chromatography with enhanced stability. The platform developed for the detection of drug-resistant Salmonella has an ultra-sensitive detection limit of 84 CFU mL-1 within 30 min, with good linearity in the range of 102 -106 CFU mL-1 . In real-world applications, spiked recoveries range from 76.22% to 145.91%, with a coefficient of variation less than 10.59%. AFC-TRFIA offers a cost-effective, sensitive, and virtually equipment-independent platform for preventing foodborne illnesses, screening for drug-resistant Salmonella, and guiding clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bao
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuran Fu
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lina Sheng
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yongli Ye
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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28
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Xu W, Fang W, Shi T, Ming X, Wang Y, Xie L, Peng L, Chen HT, Ying Y. Plasmonic Terahertz Devices and Sensors Based on Carbon Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12560-12569. [PMID: 36847242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tunable terahertz (THz) photonic devices are imperative in a wide range of applications ranging from THz signal modulation to molecular sensing. One of the currently prevailing methods is based on arrays of metallic or dielectric resonators integrated with functional materials in response to an external stimulus, in which for the purpose of sensing the external stimuli may introduce inadvertent undesirable effects into the target samples to be measured. Here we developed an alternative approach by postprocessing nanothickness macro-assembled graphene (nMAG) films with widely tunable THz conductivity, enabling versatile solid-state THz devices and sensors, showing multifunctional nMAG-based applications. The THz conductivities of free-standing nMAGs showed a broad range from 1.2 × 103 S/m in reduced graphene oxide before annealing to 4.0 × 106 S/m in a nMAG film annealed at 2800 °C. We fabricated nMAG/dielectric/metal and nMAG/dielectric/nMAG THz Salisbury absorbers with broad reflectance ranging from 0% to 80%. The highly conductive nMAG films enabled THz metasurfaces for sensing applications. Taking advantage of the resonant field enhancement arising from the plasmonic metasurface structures and the strong interactions between analyte molecules and nMAG films, we successfully detected diphenylamine with a limit of detection of 4.2 pg. Those wafer-scale nMAG films present promising potential in high-performance THz electronics, photonics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenzhang Fang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xin Ming
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Peng
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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29
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Shi WN, Fan F, Zhang TR, Liu JY, Wang XH, Chang S. Terahertz phase shift sensing and identification of a chiral amino acid based on a protein-modified metasurface through the isoelectric point and peptide bonding. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1096-1106. [PMID: 36950227 PMCID: PMC10026576 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient sensing of amino acids, especially the distinction of their chiral enantiomers, is important for biological, chemical, and pharmaceutical research. In this work, a THz phase shift sensing method was performed for amino acid detection based on a polarization-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metasurface. More importantly, a method for binding the specific amino acids to the functional proteins modified on the metasurface was developed based on the isoelectric point theory so that the specific recognition for Arginine (Arg) was achieved among the four different amino acids. The results show that via high-Q phase shift, the detection precision for L-Arg is 2.5 × 10-5 g /ml, much higher than traditional sensing parameters. Due to the specific electrostatic adsorption by the functionalized metasurface to L-Arg, its detection sensitivity and precision are 22 times higher than the other amino acids. Furthermore, by comparing nonfunctionalized and functionalized metasurfaces, the D- and L-chiral enantiomers of Arg were distinguished due to their different binding abilities to the functionalized metasurface. Therefore, this EIT metasurface sensor and its specific binding method improve both detection precision and specificity in THz sensing for amino acids, and it will promote the development of THz highly sensitive detection of chiral enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Nan Shi
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tian-Rui Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jia-Yue Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - ShengJiang Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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30
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Zhan X, Liu Y, Chen Z, Luo J, Yang S, Yang X. Revolutionary approaches for cancer diagnosis by terahertz-based spectroscopy and imaging. Talanta 2023; 259:124483. [PMID: 37019007 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Most tumors are easily missed and misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific clinical signs and symptoms in the early stage. Thus, an accurate, rapid and reliable early tumor detection method is highly desirable. The application of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging in biomedicine has made remarkable progress in the past two decades, which addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies and provides an alternative for early tumor diagnosis. Although issues such as size mismatch and strong absorption of THz waves by water have set hurdles for cancer diagnosis by THz technology, innovative materials and biosensors in recent years have led to possibilities for new THz biosensing and imaging methods. In this article, we reviewed the issues that need to be solved before THz technology is used for tumor-related biological sample detection and clinical auxiliary diagnosis. We focused on the recent research progress of THz technology, with an emphasis on biosensing and imaging. Finally, the application of THz spectroscopy and imaging for tumor diagnosis in clinical practice and the main challenges in this process were also mentioned. Collectively, THz-based spectroscopy and imaging reviewed here is envisioned as a cutting-edge approach for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Gastroenterology Department, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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31
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Liu K, Sun C. Metasurface design with a complex residual neural network. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1200-1205. [PMID: 36821218 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have made great progress in solving complex electromagnetic field computing problems by using deep learning methods. However, the approaches found in literature were devoted to solving the real-number problem of electromagnetic field calculations. For the complex number problem, there was no good solution. Here, we proposed an advanced computation method for metasurfaces based on a complex residual neural network (CRNN). We predicted the scattering (S)21 parameters of a cylindrical structure in the range of 1.2 to 1.7 µm wavelengths. By providing a set of cylindrical structure parameters, we could quickly predict the S 21 parameters with CRNN and design a metalens, which proved the ability of the proposed method. In addition, our method can also be extended to the calculation of electromagnetic fields where the speed of the calculation of the complex number of metasurfaces should be accelerated.
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32
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Li G, Wang G, Zhang Y, Shen J, Zhang B. Tunable resonance of a graphene-perovskite terahertz metasurface. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:756-766. [PMID: 36756529 PMCID: PMC9890603 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00577h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of graphene and perovskite has received extensive research attention because its photoelectric properties are excellent for the dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions. Combining graphene and perovskite with a metasurface is expected to effectively improve the metasurface device's performance. Here, we report a terahertz graphene-perovskite metasurface with a tunable resonance. Under 780 nm laser excitation, the device's THz transmission is significantly reduced, and the Fano resonance mode can be manipulated in multiple dimensions. We verify the experimental results using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. Graphene and perovskite interact strongly with the metasurface, resulting in a short-circuit effect, which significantly weakens the resonance intensity of the Fano mode. The photoinduced conductivity enhancement intensifies the short-circuit effect, reducing the THz transmission and resonance intensity of the Fano mode and causing the resonance frequency to redshift. Finally, we provide a reference value for applications of hybrid metasurface-based optical devices in a real environment by investigating the effect of moisture on device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Guocui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jingling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
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33
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Simone G. Trends of Biosensing: Plasmonics through Miniaturization and Quantum Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36601882 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extremely old concepts, plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been increasingly popular in the recent two decades due to the growing interest in nanooptics and are now of relevant significance in regards to applications associated with human health. Plasmonics integration into point-of-care devices for health surveillance has enabled significant levels of sensitivity and limit of detection to be achieved and has encouraged the expansion of the fields of study and market niches devoted to the creation of quick and incredibly sensitive label-free detection. The trend reflects in wearable plasmonic sensor development as well as point-of-care applications for widespread applications, demonstrating the potential impact of the new generation of plasmonic biosensors on human well-being through the concepts of personalized medicine and global health. In this context, the aim here is to discuss the potential, limitations, and opportunities for improvement that have arisen as a result of the integration of plasmonics into microsystems and lab-on-chip over the past five years. Recent applications of plasmonic biosensors in microsystems and sensor performance are analyzed. The final analysis focuses on the integration of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip with quantum plasmonics technology prospecting it as a promising solution for chemical and biological sensing. Here it is underlined how the research in the field of quantum plasmonic sensing for biological applications has flourished over the past decade with the aim to overcome the limits given by quantum fluctuations and noise. The significant advances in nanophotonics, plasmonics and microsystems used to create increasingly effective biosensors would continue to benefit this field if harnessed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- Chemical Engineering, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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34
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Recent progress in terahertz biosensors based on artificial electromagnetic subwavelength structure. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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35
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Cui E, Wan Z, Ke C, Wu C, Wang D, Lei C. Flexible and efficient fabrication of a terahertz absorber by single-step laser direct writing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42944-42955. [PMID: 36523004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Laser direct writing (LDW) is a promising candidate for the fabrication of all-dielectric THz absorbers for its high flexibility and material compatibility. However, multi-step processing or multi-layer materials are required to compensate for the nonideal features of LDW to realize good absorption performance. To further explore the potential of LDW in flexible and cost-effective THz absorber fabrication, in this work, we demonstrate a design method of THz absorbers fully considering and utilizing the characteristics of laser processing. Specifically, we first numerically analyze that by properly combining basic structures processed by single-step LDW, good and adjustable absorption performance can be achieved on a single-layer substrate. Then we experimentally fabricate THz absorbers by processing periodic composite structures, which are combined by grooves and circular holes, on single-layer doped silicon using LDW. Experimental results show that our method can fabricate THz absorbers at a speed of 3.3 mm2/min with an absorptivity above 90% over a broadband of 1.8-3 THz. Our method provides a promising solution for the flexible and efficient fabrication of all-dielectric broadband THz absorbers.
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Xiang Y, Hu C, Wu G, Xu S, Li Y. Nanomaterial-based microfluidic systems for cancer biomarker detection: Recent applications and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Xu W, Wang Q, Zhou R, Hameed S, Ma Y, Lijuan Xie, Ying Y. Defect-rich graphene-coated metamaterial device for pesticide sensing in rice. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28678-28684. [PMID: 36320498 PMCID: PMC9540250 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing sensitive and selective detection in a mixture is challenging for terahertz (THz) sensors. In light of this, many methods have been developed to detect molecules in complex samples using THz technology. Here we demonstrate a defect-rich monolayer graphene-coated metamaterial operating in the THz regime for pesticide sensing in a mixture through strong local interactions between graphene and external molecules. The monolayer graphene induces a 50% change in the resonant peak excited by the metamaterial absorber that could be easily distinguished by THz imaging. We experimentally show that the Fermi level of the graphene can be tuned by the addition of molecules, which agrees well with our simulation results. Taking chlorpyrifos methyl in the lixivium of rice as a sample, we further show the molecular sensing potential of this device, regardless of whether the target is in a mixture or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
| | - Ruiyun Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
| | - Saima Hameed
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
| | - Yungui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Rd. 310058 Hangzhou P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of on Site Processing Equipment for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R. China
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Han X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Ren Q, Cai Y, Abdi-Ghaleh R. Terahertz Vibrational Fingerprints Detection of Molecules with Particularly Designed Graphene Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3422. [PMID: 36234549 PMCID: PMC9565571 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, an arc I-shaped graphene sensing structure with multi-resonance characteristics is proposed for the simultaneous detection of vibrational fingerprints with spectral separation in the terahertz range. The resonant frequencies of the sensor can be dynamically tuned by changing the gate voltage applied to the graphene arrays. The two vibrational fingerprints of lactose molecules (0.53 THz and 1.37 THz) in the transmission spectrum can be enhanced simultaneously by strictly optimizing the geometrical parameters of the sensor. More importantly, these two resonant frequencies can be tuned precisely to coincide with the two standard resonances of the lactose molecule. The physical mechanism of the sensor is revealed by inspection of the electric field intensity distribution, and the advantage of the sensor, which is its ability to operate at a wide range of incident angles, has been demonstrated. The sensing performance of the structure as a refractive index sensor has also been studied. Finally, a double arc I-shaped graphene sensor is further designed to overcome the polarization sensitivity, which demonstrates excellent molecular detection performance under different polarization conditions. This study may serve as a reference for designing graphene biosensors for molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Han
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xueqin Shen
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Devices, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Reza Abdi-Ghaleh
- Department of Laser and Optical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran
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Sun K, Li J, Ge L, Zhong K, Wang Y, Xu D, Yang X, Fu W, Yao J. Graphene-enhanced hybrid terahertz metasurface sensor for ultrasensitive nortriptyline sensing and detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35749-35758. [PMID: 36258519 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with unique physical and chemical properties, whose excellent biocompatibility has also attracted widespread attention in the field of biosensing and medical detection. Graphene provides a novel solution for dramatically improving the sensitivity of terahertz metasurface sensors, since the electrical conductivity can be modified by contact with biomolecules. In this paper, a metal-graphene hybrid metasurface is proposed and demonstrated for high-sensitive nortriptyline sensing based on the plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) resonances. The π-π stacks between nortriptyline and graphene lead to an increase in the Fermi level of graphene and a decrease in the conductivity, thus enhancing the PIT resonance. Experimental results show that the peak-to-peak amplitude magnitude of the PIT window is enhanced up to 3.4-fold with 1 ng nortriptyline analyte, and the minimum detection limit is extended down to 0.1 ng. But no significant change is observed from the samples without graphene as a comparative experiment, which demonstrates that the presence of graphene greatly enhances the bonding to the drug molecules and improves the sensing sensitivity. This metasurface sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast detection speed, label-free and steady properties, which has potential applications in the fields of trace molecular sensing and disease diagnosis.
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40
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Ji G, Tian J, Xing F, Feng Y. Optical Biosensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives for Detecting Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10838. [PMID: 36142748 PMCID: PMC9500660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives show great potential for biosensing due to their extraordinary optical, electrical and physical properties. In particular, graphene and its derivatives have excellent optical properties such as broadband and tunable absorption, fluorescence bursts, and strong polarization-related effects. Optical biosensors based on graphene and its derivatives make nondestructive detection of biomolecules possible. The focus of this paper is to review the preparation of graphene and its derivatives, as well as recent advances in optical biosensors based on graphene and its derivatives. The working principle of face plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and colorimetric sensors are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of graphene and its derivatives applicable to various types of sensors are analyzed, and the methods of surface functionalization of graphene and its derivatives are introduced; these optical biosensors can be used for the detection of a range of biomolecules such as single cells, cellular secretions, proteins, nucleic acids, and antigen-antibodies; these new high-performance optical sensors are capable of detecting changes in surface structure and biomolecular interactions with the advantages of ultra-fast detection, high sensitivity, label-free, specific recognition, and the ability to respond in real-time. Problems in the current stage of application are discussed, as well as future prospects for graphene and its biosensors. Achieving the applicability, reusability and low cost of novel optical biosensors for a variety of complex environments and achieving scale-up production, which still faces serious challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangmin Ji
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jingkun Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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Yang M, Yao H, Lu Y, Li P, Du B, Ma Q, Liu D, Zhang T, Fang J, Wang T, Yan X, Zhang G, Liang L, Yang Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Dai Z, Zhang J, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Ren X, Yao J. Graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurfaces used for picogram-level detection of chlorothalonil in the terahertz region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34034-34042. [PMID: 36242425 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toroidal dipole resonance can significantly reduce radiation loss of materials, potentially improving sensor sensitivity. Generally, toroidal dipole response is suppressed by electric and magnetic dipoles in natural materials, making it difficult to observe experimentally. However, as 2D metamaterials, metasurfaces can weaken the electric and magnetic dipole, enhancing toroidal dipole response. Here, we propose a new graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurface as an ultra-sensitive chemical sensor, capable of qualitative detection of chlorothalonil in the terahertz region, down to a detection limit of 100 pg/mL. Our results demonstrate graphene-integrated toroidal resonance metasurfaces as a promising basis for ultra-sensitive, qualitative detection in chemical and biological sensing.
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42
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Hashimoto K, Ben Ishai P, Bründermann E, Tripathi SR. Dielectric property measurement of human sweat using attenuated total reflection terahertz time domain spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4572-4582. [PMID: 36187269 PMCID: PMC9484438 DOI: 10.1364/boe.467450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sweat is one of the essential biofluids produced by the human body, and it contains various physiological biomarkers. These biomarkers can indicate human health conditions such as disease and illness. In particular, imbalances in the concentration of electrolytes can indicate the onset of disease. These same imbalances affect the dielectric properties of sweat. In this study, we used attenuated total reflection terahertz time domain spectroscopy to obtain the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of human sweat in a frequency range from 200 GHz to 2.5 THz. We have investigated the variation of dielectric properties of sweat collected from different regions of the human body, and we have observed that the real and imaginary part of dielectric permittivity decreases with the increase in frequency. A combination of left-hand Jonscher and Havriliak-Negami processes is used to model the results and reveal the presence of relaxation processes related to sodium and calcium ions concentrations. This information may help design novel biosensors to understand the human health condition and provide a hydration assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hashimoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
| | - Paul Ben Ishai
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Erik Bründermann
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Saroj R. Tripathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
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43
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A microfluidic chemiluminescence biosensor based on multiple signal amplification for rapid and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 212:114390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A Co-Printed Nanoslit Surface Plasmon Resonance Structure in Microfluidic Device for LMP-1 Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080653. [PMID: 36005049 PMCID: PMC9405854 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a novel micro/nanostructure co-hot embossing technique. Gold-capped nanostructures were used as localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors and were integrated into a microfluidic channel. The advantage of the co-hot embossing technique is that the SPR sensors do not need to be aligned with the microfluidic channel while bonding to it. The integrated SPR sensor and microfluidic channel were first characterized, and the sensitivity of the SPR sensor to the refractive index was found using different concentrations of glycerol solutions. The SPR sensor was also used to quantify latent membrane protein (LMP-1) when modifying anti-LMP-1 at the surface of the SPR sensor. Different concentrations of LMP-1 samples were used to build a calibration curve.
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45
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Li Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Jin W, Tian H, Xie F, Xia K, Zhang X, Fu W, Zhang Y. Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Hepatitis B Viral DNA Based on the Metal-Enhanced Sandwich Assay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:930800. [PMID: 35992361 PMCID: PMC9388765 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.930800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high sensitivity and specificity of terahertz (THz) biosensing are both promising and challenging in DNA sample detection. This study produced and refined a flexible THz MM biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HBV in clinical serum samples based on a gold magnetic nanoparticle-mediated rolling circle amplification (GMNPs@RCA) sandwich assay under isothermal conditions. Typically, solid-phase RCA reactions mediated by circular padlock probes (PLPs) are triggered under isothermal conditions in the presence of HBV DNA, resulting in long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with high fidelity and specificity. Then, the resultant ssDNA was conjugated with detection probes (DPs) immobilized on gold nanoparticles (DP@AuNPs) to form GMNPs-RCA-AuNPs sandwich complexes. The HBV DNA concentrations were quantified by introducing GMNPs-RCA-AuNPs complexes into the metasurface of a flexible THz metamaterial-based biosensor chip and resulting in a red shift of the resonance peak of the THz metamaterials. This biosensor can lead to highly specific and sensitive detection with one-base mismatch discrimination and a limit of detection (LOD) down to 1.27E + 02 IU/ml of HBV DNA from clinical serum samples. The HBV DNA concentration was linearly correlated with the frequency shift of the THz metamaterials within the range of 1.27E + 02∼1.27E + 07 IU/ml, illustrating the applicability and accuracy of our assay in real clinical samples. This strategy constitutes a promising THz sensing method to identify virus DNA. In the future, it is hoped it can assist with pathogen identification and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Li
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyan Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuming Zhang, ; Weiling Fu, ; Yang Zhang,
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46
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Lu S, Zhao J, Zhou D, Huang J, Sun Y, Sun Y, Qian Z, Fan S. Enhanced sensitivity of dilute aqueous adrenaline solution with an asymmetric hexagonal ring structure in the terahertz frequencies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12268-12277. [PMID: 35472865 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of neurotransmitters in aqueous environment is crucial for the early diagnosis of many neurological disorders. Terahertz waves, as a non-contact and non-labeling tool, have demonstrated large potentials in quantitative biosensing. Although the detection of trace-amount analyte has been achieved with terahertz metamaterials in the recent decades, most studies have been focused on dried samples. Here, a hexagonal asymmetric metamaterial sensor was designed and fabricated for aqueous solution sensing with terahertz waves in the reflection geometry. An absorption enhancement of 43 was determined from the simulation. Dilute adrenaline solutions ranging from 30 µM to 0.6 mM were measured on our sensor using a commercial terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, and the effective absorption was found to be linearly correlated with the concentration (R2 = 0.81). Furthermore, we found that as the concentration becomes higher (>0.6 mM), a non-linear relationship starts to take place, which confirmed the previous theory on the extended solvation shell that can be probed on the picosecond scale. Our sensor, without the need of high-power and stable terahertz sources, has enabled the detection of subtle absorption changes induced by the solvation dynamics.
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Pampoukis G, Lytou AE, Argyri AA, Panagou EZ, Nychas GJE. Recent Advances and Applications of Rapid Microbial Assessment from a Food Safety Perspective. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2800. [PMID: 35408414 PMCID: PMC9003504 DOI: 10.3390/s22072800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unsafe food is estimated to cause 600 million cases of foodborne disease, annually. Thus, the development of methods that could assist in the prevention of foodborne diseases is of high interest. This review summarizes the recent progress toward rapid microbial assessment through (i) spectroscopic techniques, (ii) spectral imaging techniques, (iii) biosensors and (iv) sensors designed to mimic human senses. These methods often produce complex and high-dimensional data that cannot be analyzed with conventional statistical methods. Multivariate statistics and machine learning approaches seemed to be valuable for these methods so as to "translate" measurements to microbial estimations. However, a great proportion of the models reported in the literature misuse these approaches, which may lead to models with low predictive power under generic conditions. Overall, all the methods showed great potential for rapid microbial assessment. Biosensors are closer to wide-scale implementation followed by spectroscopic techniques and then by spectral imaging techniques and sensors designed to mimic human senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Pampoukis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.E.L.); (E.Z.P.)
- Food Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia E. Lytou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.E.L.); (E.Z.P.)
| | - Anthoula A. Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, Sofokli Venizelou 1, 14123 Lycovrisi, Greece;
| | - Efstathios Z. Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.E.L.); (E.Z.P.)
| | - George-John E. Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (A.E.L.); (E.Z.P.)
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Wu XX, Lu CY, Huang TY. Creating hot spots within air for better sensitivity through design of oblique-wire-bundle metamaterial perfect absorbers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3557. [PMID: 35241730 PMCID: PMC8894341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Better sensitivity of a biosensor could boost up the detection limit of analytes, thus a must in the fields of bio-sensing and bio-detection. To further enhance the sensitivity of a biosensor, in this work, we design an oblique-flat-sheet metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) to concentrate the hot spots within air between the oblique flat sheet and the continuous ground metal, thus enabling fully interaction between analytes and hot spots. The corresponding field distributions in simulation corroborated our assumption and its sensitivity could be up to 1049 nm/RIU. Then, we fabricated the sample by e-beam lithography process for a seed layer and simply tilting the sample during deposition to obtain oblique flat sheets. When considering the stochastic nature of the deposited multiple oblique flat sheets, we modified the metallic upper resonator of the MPA from the single oblique-flat-sheet into randomly distributed oblique-wire-bundle (OWB) and in simulation, its sensitivity is boosted up to 3319 nm/RIU. In experiments, the measured sensitivity is 1329 nm/RIU under different concentrations of glucose solutions that is four times larger than the 330 nm/RIU of the planar MPA. The higher sensitivity was attributed to that the OWB MPA could provide hot spots within air not only between OWB and grounded metal but also among wires. Moreover, the OWB could also trap and concentrate the analytes locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xian Wu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Lu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 243303, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 0.1THz to 10THz has become critical for sixth generation (6G) applications, such as high-speed communication, fingerprint chemical sensing, non-destructive biosensing, and bioimaging. However, the limited response of naturally existing materials THz waves has induced a gap in the electromagnetic spectrum, where a lack of THz functional devices using natural materials has occurred in this gap. Metamaterials, artificially composed structures that can engineer the electromagnetic properties to manipulate the waves, have enabled the development of many THz devices, known as "metadevices". Besides, the tunability of THz metadevices can be achieved by tunable structures using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, as well as tunable materials including phase change materials (PCMs), electro-optical materials (EOMs), and thermo-optical materials (TOMs). Leveraging various tuning mechanisms together with metamaterials, tremendous research works have demonstrated reconfigurable functional THz devices, playing an important role to fill the THz gap toward the 6G applications. This review introduces reconfigurable metadevices from fundamental principles of metamaterial resonant system to the design mechanisms of functional THz metamaterial devices and their related applications. Moreover, we provide perspectives on the future development of THz photonic devices for state-of-the-art applications.
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Rahman BMA, Viphavakit C, Chitaree R, Ghosh S, Pathak AK, Verma S, Sakda N. Optical Fiber, Nanomaterial, and THz-Metasurface-Mediated Nano-Biosensors: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010042. [PMID: 35049670 PMCID: PMC8773603 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanomaterials and scalable, high-yield nanofabrication process are revolutionizing the development of novel biosensors. Over the past decades, researches on nanotechnology-mediated biosensing have been on the forefront due to their potential application in healthcare, pharmaceutical, cell diagnosis, drug delivery, and water and air quality monitoring. The advancement of nanoscale science relies on a better understanding of theory, manufacturing and fabrication practices, and the application specific methods. The topology and tunable properties of nanoparticles, a part of nanoscale science, can be changed by different manufacturing processes, which separate them from their bulk counterparts. In the recent past, different nanostructures, such as nanosphere, nanorods, nanofiber, core-shell nanoparticles, nanotubes, and thin films, have been exploited to enhance the detectability of labelled or label-free biological molecules with a high accuracy. Furthermore, these engineered-materials-associated transducing devices, e.g., optical waveguides and metasurface-based scattering media, widened the horizon of biosensors over a broad wavelength range from deep-ultraviolet to far-infrared. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the major scientific achievements in nano-biosensors based on optical fiber, nanomaterials and terahertz-domain metasurface-based refractometric, labelled and label-free nano-biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Azizur Rahman
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Charusluk Viphavakit
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ratchapak Chitaree
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6AE, UK;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pathak
- International School of Engineering and Intelligent Control Automation of Process Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (C.V.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Sneha Verma
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
| | - Natsima Sakda
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (S.V.); (N.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
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