1
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He Y, Luo L, Li L, You T, Chen X. Synergistic signal-amplification effect of silver nanowires and bifunctional monomers on molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for diuron analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 262:116570. [PMID: 39018980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have been widely owing to their specificity, however, their singular structure imposes limitations on their performance. Current enhancement methods, such as doping with inorganic nanomaterials or introducing various functional monomers, are limited and single, indicating that MIP performances require further advancement. In this work, a dual-modification approach that integrates both conductive inorganic nanomaterials and diverse bifunctional monomers was proposed to develop a multifunctional MIP-based electrochemical (MMIP-EC) sensor for diuron (DU) detection. The MMIP was synthesized through a one-step electrochemical copolymerization of silver nanowires (AgNWs), o-phenylenediamine (O-PD), and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). DU molecules could conduct fluent electron transfer within the MMIP layer through the interaction between anchored AgNWs and bifunctional monomers, and the abundant recognition sites and complementary cavity shapes ensured that the imprinted cavities exhibit high specificity. The current intensity amplified by the two modification strategies of MMIP (3.7 times) was significantly higher than the sum of their individual values (3.2 times), exerting a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of the MMIP was characterized by examining the kinetics and isotherms of the adsorption process. Under optimal conditions, the MMIP-EC sensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.2 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL) for DU detection, with a low detection limit of 89 pg/mL and excellent selectivity (an imprinted factor of 10.4). In summary, the present study affords innovative perspectives for the fabrication of MIP-EC sensor with superior analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Libo Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Synergistic Innovation Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, China.
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China; College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Xuegeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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2
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Sun X, Liu M, Liu H, Li L, Ding Y. A molecularly imprinted electrochemical aptasensor-based dual recognition elements for selective detection of dexamethasone. Talanta 2024; 277:126404. [PMID: 38879945 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted electrochemical aptasensor (MIEAS) was developed for highly selective detection of dexamethasone (Dex) in natural water environment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified by nitrogen doped molybdenum carbide-graphene (N-Mo2C-Gr) were employed as the supports, where N-Mo2C-Gr improved the conductivity of the electrode and provided a larger specific surface area to polymerize more active substances. Using Dex as template molecule, o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as the chemical functional monomer and aptamer as the biofunctional monomer, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane with Dex specific recognition sites was formed by electropolymerization. Due to the synergistic effect of MIP and aptamers, the as-prepared MIEAS exhibited a decent linear relationship to Dex detection within a relatively wide range of 10-13 - 10-5 M, and the detection limit was 1.79 × 10-14 M. The recovery in actual water and tablet samples is satisfactory, which confirms the potential application prospects of this sensor in the determination of Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Minmin Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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3
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Wei C, Fu D, Ma T, Chen M, Wang F, Chen G, Wang Z. Sensing patches for biomarker identification in skin-derived biofluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116326. [PMID: 38696965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In conventional clinical disease diagnosis and screening based on biomarker detection, most analysis samples are collected from serum, blood. However, these invasive collection methods require specific instruments, professionals, and may lead to infection risks. Additionally, the diagnosis process suffers from untimely results. The identification of skin-related biomarkers plays an unprecedented role in early disease diagnosis. More importantly, these skin-mediated approaches for collecting biomarker-containing biofluid samples are noninvasive or minimally invasive, which is more preferable for point-of-care testing (POCT). Therefore, skin-based biomarker detection patches have been promoted, owing to their unique advantages, such as simple fabrication, desirable transdermal properties and no requirements for professional medical staff. Currently, the skin biomarkers extracted from sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF) and wound exudate, are achieved with wearable sweat patches, transdermal MN patches, and wound patches, respectively. In this review, we detail these three types of skin patches in biofluids collection and diseases-related biomarkers identification. Patch classification and the corresponding manufacturing as well as detection strategies are also summarized. The remaining challenges in clinical applications and current issues in accurate detection are discussed for further advancement of this technology (Scheme 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Danni Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianyue Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Fangling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
| | - Zejun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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4
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Zhou B, Xie H, Li X, Zhu Y, Huang L, Zhong M, Chen L. Construction of a self-reporting molecularly-imprinted electrochemical sensor based on CuHCF modified by rGNR-rGO for the detection of zearalenone. Food Chem 2024; 448:139154. [PMID: 38555687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A self-reporting molecularly-imprinted electrochemical sensor is prepared for the detection of Zearalenone (ZEA). Firstly, the reduced graphene nanoribbons and reduced graphene oxide (rGNR-rGO) were simultaneously modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to improve the sensor's sensitivity. After electrodepositing copper nanoparticles onto the rGNR-rGO/GCE, cyclic voltammetry scanning was performed in potassium ferrocyanide solution, and copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) was deposited onto rGNR-rGO/GCE to further improve the sensor's sensitivity while giving it self-reporting capability. Then, molecularly-imprinted polymer films were prepared on the CuHCF/rGNR-rGO/GCE to ensure the selectivity of the sensor. It is found that the linear range of ZEA detection by the constructed sensor is 0.25-500 ng·mL -1, with a detection limit of 0.09 ng·mL -1. This sensor shows the merits of good selectivity, high sensitivity and accurate detection, providing a great possibility for the precise detection of low concentration ZEA in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Hao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Yongbo Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China.
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5
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Balasamy S, Atchudan R, Arya S, Gunasekaran BM, Nesakumar N, Sundramoorthy AK. Cortisol: Biosensing and detection strategies. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119888. [PMID: 39059481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cortisol, a crucial steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands, has diverse impacts on multiple physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune function, and stress management. Disruption in cortisol levels can result in conditions like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. This review provides an in-depth exploration of cortisol, covering its structure, various forms in the body, detection methodologies, and emerging trends in cancer treatment and detection. Various techniques for cortisol detection, including electrochemical, chromatographic, and immunoassay methods were discussed and highlighted for their merits and applications. Electrochemical immunosensing emerges as a promising approach, which offered high sensitivity and low detection limits. Moreover, the review delves into the intricate relationship between cortisol and cancer, emphasizing cortisol's role in cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Lastly, the utilization of biomarkers, in-silico modeling, and machine learning for electrochemical cortisol detection were explored, which showcased innovative strategies for stress monitoring and healthcare advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesuraj Balasamy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180006, India
| | - Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noel Nesakumar
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Wang L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116242. [PMID: 38631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with serve disturbances in cognition, emotional control, and/or behavior regulation, yet few routine clinical tools are available for the real-time evaluation and early-stage diagnosis of mental health. Abnormal levels of relevant biomarkers may imply biological, neurological, and developmental dysfunctions of psychiatric patients. Exploring biosensors that can provide rapid, in-situ, and real-time monitoring of psychiatric biomarkers is therefore vital for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders. Recently, psychiatric biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility have been widely developed, which are mainly based on electrochemical and optical sensing technologies. This review presented psychiatric disorders with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, followed by describing pathophysiology in a biomarker-implying manner. The latest biosensors developed for the detection of representative psychiatric biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, dopamine, and serotonin) were comprehensively summarized and compared in their sensitivities, sensing technologies, applicable biological platforms, and integrative readouts. These well-developed biosensors are promising for facilitating the clinical utility and commercialization of point-of-care diagnostics. It is anticipated that mental healthcare could be gradually improved in multiple perspectives, ranging from innovations in psychiatric biosensors in terms of biometric elements, transducing principles, and flexible readouts, to the construction of 'Big-Data' networks utilized for sharing intractable psychiatric indicators and cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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7
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Hu G, Cui S, Wang H, Shi Y, Li Z. Mechanism of high sensitivity proton acids doped polypyrrole molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor and its application in urea detection. Talanta 2024; 278:126514. [PMID: 38986310 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor is a kind of convenient, fast, and stable analyzer, but the conductivity of electrode materials and their affinity with the analyte affect its performance. A proton acid (PSS, SA, SSA) doping method was proposed to improve the electrochemical performance of the polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer (PPy-MIP), which promoted the electropolymerization of pyrrole, reduced the charge transfer resistance, and increased the electrochemical surface area. In terms of both improving conductivity and affinity, the response of the proton acids doped the polypyrrole molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors (PPy-MIECS) to urea was improved by 25-fold (PSS), 5-fold (SA), and 3-fold (SSA) over that of PPy-MIECS. In addition, the PSS-PPy-MIECS was validated for the practical application with a linear detection range from 0.1 mM to 100 mM, high selectivity (α = 39.73), reusability (RSD% = 4.54 %), reproducibility (RSD% = 0.93 %), and stability (11 days). The advantage of proton acid doping method in PSS-PEDOT-MIECS to urea and PSS-PPy-MIECS to glucose extended its application in the performance enhancement of MIECS design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266200, China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China.
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
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8
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Du Y, Guo M, Chen Y, Mo X, Cao J, Hu F. Ultrasensitive cortisol electrochemical immunosensor amplifying by Au single-atom nanozymes and HRP enzymes. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1303:342462. [PMID: 38609277 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cortisol, a corticosteroid hormone as a primary stress hormone response to internal and external stress, has been regarded as a gold standard reliable biomarker to evaluate human mental stress. The double enzymes strategy, using nanozyme and enzyme amplifying the electrochemical signal, has been widely used to improve the performance of electrochemical biosensors. An ultra-sensitive electrochemical cortisol sensor based on Au single-atom nanozymes had been fabricated through HRP labeled anti-cortisol antibody binding with Au by Au-S bond. Based on the high catalytic activity of Au single-atom nanozymes and the high selectivity of HRP-labeled anti-cortisol antibodies, the cortisol electrochemical sensor-based Au single-atom nanozymes had an excellent response to cortisol, such as high electrochemical activity, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and wide linear range (0.15-300 ng mL-1) and low detection (0.48 pg mL-1) through the four-parameter logistic model with 95% confidence. The electrochemical cortisol sensor was used to determine the cortisol concentration of human saliva at different times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongling Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Min Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiaohui Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Junlei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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9
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Li Y, Luo L, Kong Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang M, Li Y, Davenport A, Li B. Recent advances in molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:116018. [PMID: 38232451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are the equivalent of natural antibodies and have been widely used as synthetic receptors for the detection of disease biomarkers. Benefiting from their excellent chemical and physical stability, low-cost, relative ease of production, reusability, and high selectivity, MIP-based electrochemical sensors have attracted great interest in disease diagnosis and demonstrated superiority over other biosensing techniques. Here we compare various types of MIP-based electrochemical sensors with different working principles. We then evaluate the state-of-the-art achievements of the MIP-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of different biomarkers, including nucleic acids, proteins, saccharides, lipids, and other small molecules. The limitations, which prevent its successful translation into practical clinical settings, are outlined together with the potential solutions. At the end, we share our vision of the evolution of MIP-based electrochemical sensors with an outlook on the future of this promising biosensing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Liuxiong Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yingqi Kong
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yujia Li
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Quansheng Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150036, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrew Davenport
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Bing Li
- Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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10
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Zhou B, Sheng X, Cao J, Xie H, Li X, Huang L, Yang M, Zhong M, Liu YN. A novel electrochemical sensor based on dual-functional MMIP-CuMOFs for both target recognition and signal reporting and its application for sensing bisphenol A in milk. Food Chem 2024; 437:137756. [PMID: 37897829 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel magnetic molecularly imprinted CuMOFs (MMIP-CuMOFs) were synthesized and applied to construct an electrochemical bisphenol A sensor. The constructed sensor used an electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO/GCE) as the sensing platform to improve its stability and sensitivity. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles in magnetic MOFs simplified the preparation process. Moreover, the combination of CuMOFs and molecular imprinting methodology was beneficial for improving the detection specificity, and the electroactive copper hexacyanoferrate generated by the reaction of Cu2+ in CuMOFs with potassium ferricyanide was used as the signal probe. The sensor showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5 to 500 nmol/L, with a low detection limit of 0.18 nmol/L. In addition, the sensor had good selectivity, repeatability (RSD = 2.59 %), and a good recovery rate for actual milk sample detection (99.8-102.49 %). This technique holds great promise for the detection of detrimental substances in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Xingxin Sheng
- College of Construction Equipment, GuiZhou Polytechnic of Construction, Guiyang, Guizhou 551499, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Hao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China.
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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11
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Yi C, Liang A, Wen G, Jiang Z. A new difunctional liquid crystal nanosurface molecularly imprinted polyitaconic acid nanoprobe for SERS/RRS determination of ultratrace melamine. Food Chem 2024; 436:137716. [PMID: 37839117 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new dimode scattering spectral method for rapid detection of ultratrace melamine (ML) in dairy products was established by coupling nanosurface molecular imprinting technology with nanocatalytic amplification reaction of liquid crystal particles. It was found that liquid crystal cholesteryl butyrate (CBU) nanosurface imprinted polymers (CBU@MIP) not only recognized ML but also catalyzed the nano indicator reaction of HAuCl4-sodium formate to produce gold nanoparticles with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) effect. When ML was added, it specifically combined with CBU@MIP to form CBU@MIP-ML conjugates with strong catalytic activity, and SERS and RRS signals increased linearly with the detection limits of 0.0072 pmol/L and 0.093 pmol/L respectively. The method was applied to the determination of ML in dairy products and plastic tablewares with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.2-4.4 % and 1.6-4.7 %, and recovery of 95.4 %-108.3 % and 95.9-108.6 % respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aihui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guiqing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
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12
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Li Y, Guan C, Liu C, Li Z, Han G. Disease diagnosis and application analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in saliva detection. Talanta 2024; 269:125394. [PMID: 37980173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Saliva has significantly evolved as a diagnostic fluid in recent years, giving a non-invasive alternative to blood analysis. A high protein concentration in saliva is delivered directly from the bloodstream, making it a "human mirror" that reflects the body's physiological state. It plays an essential role in detecting diseases in biomedical and fitness monitoring. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetic materials with custom-designed synthetic recognition sites that imitate biological counterparts renowned for sensitive analyte detection. This paper reviews the progress made in research about MIP biosensors for detecting saliva biomarkers. Specifically, we investigate the link between saliva biomarkers and various diseases, providing detailed insights into the corresponding biosensors. Furthermore, we discuss the principles of molecular imprinting for disease diagnostics and application analysis, including recent advances in integrated MIP-sensor technologies for high-affinity analyte detection in saliva. Notably, these biosensors exhibit high discrimination, allowing for the detection of saliva biomarkers linked explicitly to chronic stress disorders, diabetes, cancer, bacterial or viral-induced illnesses, and exposure to illicit toxic substances or tobacco smoke. Our findings indicate that MIP-based biosensors match and perhaps surpass their counterparts featuring integrated natural antibodies in terms of stability, signal-to-noise ratios, and detection limits. Additionally, we highlight the design of MIP coatings, strategies for synthesizing polymers, and the integration of advanced biodevices. These tailored biodevices, designed to assess various salivary biomarkers, are emerging as promising screening or diagnostic tools for real-time monitoring and self-health management, improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Changjun Guan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Guanghong Han
- Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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13
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Sakata T. Signal transduction interfaces for field-effect transistor-based biosensors. Commun Chem 2024; 7:35. [PMID: 38374200 PMCID: PMC10876964 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) are suitable for use in miniaturized and cost-effective healthcare devices. Various semiconductive materials can be applied as FET channels for biosensing, including one- and two-dimensional materials. The signal transduction interface between the biosample and the channel of FETs plays a key role in translating electrochemical reactions into output signals, thereby capturing target ions or biomolecules. In this Review, distinctive signal transduction interfaces for FET biosensors are introduced, categorized as chemically synthesized, physically structured, and biologically induced interfaces. The Review highlights that these signal transduction interfaces are key in controlling biosensing parameters, such as specificity, selectivity, binding constant, limit of detection, signal-to-noise ratio, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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14
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Tian H, Ma J, Li Y, Xiao X, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhu N, Hou C, Ulstrup J. Electrochemical sensing fibers for wearable health monitoring devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115890. [PMID: 38048721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of health conditions is an emerging strong issue in health care, internet information, and other strongly evolving areas. Wearable electronics are versatile platforms for non-invasive sensing. Among a variety of wearable device principles, fiber electronics represent cutting-edge development of flexible electronics. Enabled by electrochemical sensing, fiber electronics have found a wide range of applications, providing new opportunities for real-time monitoring of health conditions by daily wearing, and electrochemical fiber sensors as explored in the present report are a promising emerging field. In consideration of the key challenges and corresponding solutions for electrochemical sensing fibers, we offer here a timely and comprehensive review. We discuss the principles and advantages of electrochemical sensing fibers and fabrics. Our review also highlights the importance of electrochemical sensing fibers in the fabrication of "smart" fabric designs, focusing on strategies to address key issues in fiber-based electrochemical sensors, and we provide an overview of smart clothing systems and their cutting-edge applications in therapeutic care. Our report offers a comprehensive overview of current developments in electrochemical sensing fibers to researchers in the fields of wearables, flexible electronics, and electrochemical sensing, stimulating forthcoming development of next-generation "smart" fabrics-based electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Junlin Ma
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Minwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Nan Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China.
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China.
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark.
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15
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Weber CJ, Clay OM, Lycan RE, Anderson GK, Simoska O. Advances in electrochemical biosensor design for the detection of the stress biomarker cortisol. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:87-106. [PMID: 37989847 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of stress levels in humans has become increasingly relevant, given the recent incline of stress-related mental health disorders, lifestyle impacts, and chronic physiological diseases. Long-term exposure to stress can induce anxiety and depression, heart disease, and risky behaviors, such as drug and alcohol abuse. Biomarker molecules can be quantified in biological fluids to study human stress. Cortisol, specifically, is a hormone biomarker produced in the adrenal glands with biofluid concentrations that directly correlate to stress levels in humans. The rapid, real-time detection of cortisol is necessary for stress management and predicting the onset of psychological and physical ailments. Current methods, including mass spectrometry and immunoassays, are effective for sensitive cortisol quantification. However, these techniques provide only single measurements which pose challenges in the continuous monitoring of stress levels. Additionally, these analytical methods often require trained personnel to operate expensive instrumentation. Alternatively, low-cost electrochemical biosensors enable the real-time detection and continuous monitoring of cortisol levels while also providing adequate analytical figures of merit (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, sensor response times, detection limits, and reproducibility) in a simple design platform. This review discusses the recent developments in electrochemical biosensor design for the detection of cortisol in human biofluids. Special emphasis is given to biosensor recognition elements, including antibodies, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and aptamers, as critical components of electrochemical biosensors for cortisol detection. Furthermore, the advantages and limiting factors of various electrochemical techniques and sensing in complex biofluid matrices are overviewed. Remarks on the current challenges and future perspectives regarding electrochemical biosensors for stress monitoring are provided, including matrix effects (pH dependence and biological interferences), wearability, and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Olivia M Clay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Reese E Lycan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Gracie K Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Olja Simoska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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16
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Ait Lahcen A, Lamaoui A, Amine A. Exploring the potential of molecularly imprinted polymers and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles in sensors: recent advancements and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:497. [PMID: 38040934 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their outstanding features, including optical and catalytic properties, as well as their excellent conductivity. The implementation of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, combined with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) has paved the way for a new generation of building blocks to engineer and enhance the fascinating features of advanced sensors. This review critically evaluates the impact of combining metal/metal oxide nanoparticles with MIPs in sensors. It covers synthesis strategies, advantages of coupling these materials with MIPs, and addresses questions about the selectivity of these hybrid materials. In the end, the current challenges and future perspectives of this field are discussed, with a particular focus on the potential applications of these hybrid composites in the sensor field. This review highlights the exciting opportunities of using metal/metal oxide nanoparticles along with MIPs for the development of next-generation sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abderrahman Lamaoui
- Process Engineering and Environment Lab, Chemical Analysis & Biosensors Group, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Aziz Amine
- Process Engineering and Environment Lab, Chemical Analysis & Biosensors Group, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P. 146, Mohammedia, Morocco.
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17
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Liu H, Qin W, Li X, Feng L, Gu C, Chen J, Tian Z, Chen J, Yang M, Qiao H, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Yin S. Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors Based on Ti 3C 2T x-MXene and Graphene Composite Modifications for Ultrasensitive Cortisol Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16079-16088. [PMID: 37883745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing pressure and unhealthy lifestyle are gradually eroding the physical and mental health of modern people. As a key hormone responsible for maintaining the normal functioning of human systems, cortisol plays a vital role in regulating physiological activities. Moreover, cortisol can serve as a marker for monitoring psychological stress. The development of cortisol detection sensors carries immense potential, as they not only facilitate timely adjustments and treatments by detecting abnormal physiological indicators but also provide comprehensive data for conducting research on the correlation between cortisol and several potential diseases. Here, we report a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrochemical biosensor that utilizes a porous composite (MXG) modified electrode. MXG composite is prepared by combining Ti3C2Tx-MXene sheets and graphene (Gr). MXG composite material with high conductive properties and large electroactive surface area promotes the charge transfer capability of the electrode surface, expands the effective surface area of the sensor, and increases the content of cortisol-imprinted cavities on the electrode, thereby improving the sensing ability of the sensor. By optimizing the preparation process, the prepared sensor has an ultralow lower limit of detection of 0.4 fM, a wide detection range of 1 fM-10 μM, and good specificity for steroid hormones and interfering substances with similar cortisol structure. The ability of the sensor to detect cortisol in saliva was also confirmed experimentally. This highly sensitive and selective cortisol sensor is expected to be widely used in the fields of physiological and psychological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - XinXin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Changshun Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Junji Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhenhao Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianxing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hanying Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiujie Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Shougen Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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18
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Wang Y, Li Y, Liu C, Dong N, Liu D, You T. Laser induced graphene electrochemical aptasensor based on tetrahedral DNA for ultrasensitive on-site detection of microcystin-LR. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115610. [PMID: 37625203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of accurate and reliable sensor for on-site detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of hazardous environmental pollutants, is highly required. Herein, a laser induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive on-site detection of MC-LR was reported. LIG electrode, the substrate of aptasensor, was prepared via thermal transfer with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and LIG acted as quasi-reference electrode to replace conventional Ag/AgCl electrode for better operability and robustness. LIG electrode provided large surface area to assemble tetrahedral DNA to absorb methylene blue (MB) for the signal amplification. For detection, the specific recognition of MC-LR with aptamer led to the stripping of tetrahedral DNA complex and further the decreased redox current of MB (IMB). Consequently, the fabricated aptasensor offered high analytical performance for MC-LR detection with a linear range of 1 × 10-2-1 × 105 pM and a detection limit of 3 × 10-3 pM, which was successfully used for water sample analysis with comparable reliability and accuracy of standard method. Furthermore, a portable detection platform by coupling of LIG-based electrochemical aptasensor with electrochemical workstation was constructed for on-site detection of MC-LR. This work offers a novel method for the on-site monitoring of MC-LR, which promotes the investigation of LIG-based electrochemical biosensing in the field of environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yuye Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Na Dong
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Tianyan You
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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19
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Yeasmin S, Ullah A, Wu B, Zhang X, Cheng LJ. Hybrid Functional Polymer-Enabled Multiplexed Chemosensor Patch for Wearable Adrenocortex Stress Profiling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50034-50046. [PMID: 37851924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measuring bioactive stress hormones, including cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), allows for evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning, offering valuable insights into an individual's stress response through adrenocortex stress profiles (ASPs). Conventional methods for detecting steroid hormones involve sample collections and competitive immunoassays, which suffer from drawbacks such as time-consuming labeling and binding procedures, reliance on unstable biological receptors, and the need for sophisticated instruments. Here, we report a label-free and external redox reagent-free amperometric assay directly detecting sweat cortisol and DHEA levels on the skin. The approach utilizes multitarget sensors based on redox-active molecularly imprinted polymers (redox MIPs) capable of selectively binding cortisol and DHEA, inducing changes in electrochemical redox features. The redox MIP consists of imprinted cavities for specific capture of cortisol or DHEA in a poly(pyrrole-co-(dimethylamino)pyrrole) copolymer containing hydrophobic moieties to enhance affinity toward steroid hormones. The polymer matrix also incorporates covalently linked interpenetrating redox-active polyvinylferrocene, offering a stable electrochemical redox feature that enables sensitive current change in response to the target capture in the vicinity. The multiplexed sensor detects cortisol and DHEA within 5 min, with detection limits of 115 and 390 pM, respectively. Through the integration of redox MIP sensors into a wireless wearable sensing system, we successfully achieved ambulatory detection of these two steroid hormones in sweat directly on the skin. The new sensing method facilitates rapid, robust determination of the cortisol-DHEA ratio, providing a promising avenue for point-of-care assessment of an individual's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Yeasmin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ahasan Ullah
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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20
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Karuppaiah G, Lee MH, Bhansali S, Manickam P. Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection: Principles, designs, fabrication, and characterisation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115600. [PMID: 37611448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major factor contributing to health discrepancies among individuals. Sustained exposure to stress triggers signalling pathways in the brain, which leading to the release of stress hormones in the body. Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is a significant biomarker for stress management due to its responsibility in the body's reply to stress. The release of cortisol in bloodstream prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and suppressing the immune system. Detecting cortisol in biological samples is crucial for understanding its role in stress and personalized healthcare. Traditional techniques for cortisol detection have limitations, prompting researchers to explore alternative strategies. Electrochemical sensing has emerged as a reliable method for point-of-care (POC) cortisol detection. This review focuses on the progress made in electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection, covering their design, principle, and electroanalytical methodologies. The analytical performance of these sensors is also analysed and summarized. Despite significant advancements, the development of electrochemical cortisol sensors faces challenges such as biofouling, sample preparation, sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and recognition layer performance. Therefore, the need to develop more sensitive electrodes and materials is emphasized. Finally, we discussed the potential strategies for electrode design and provides examples of sensing approaches. Moreover, the encounters of translating research into real world applications are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Mugo SM, Robertson SV, Lu W. A molecularly imprinted screen-printed carbon electrode for electrochemical epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol metabolites detection in human sweat. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341714. [PMID: 37709457 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to the detection of epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol biomarkers in human sweat using molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIP) embedded screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) sensors. The epinephrine and lactate MIP SPCE sensors were fabricated by epinephrine or lactate-imprinted polyaniline co-polymerized with 3-aminophenylboronic acid and gold nanoparticles (PANI-co-PBA/AuNP) selective membrane on a commercial SPCE. The cortisol sensor was comprised of a cortisol-imprinted poly(glycidyl methacryate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (poly (GMA-co-EGDMA)@AuNP selective membrane deposited on a SPCE. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used as modes of analysis for the MIP SPCE sensors. All sensors exhibited a rapid (∼1 min) and selective response to the epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol target analytes, with excellent precision between scans for both CV and DPV analysis modes. For CV, the LOD for epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol was 8.2 nM, 13 mM, and 0.042 μM, respectively. The LOD for DPV were 0.60 nM, 2.2 mM, and 0.025 μM for epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol, respectively. The MIP SPCE sensor platforms were further validated through the successful quantification of epinephrine, lactate, and cortisol in human sweat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Mugo
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, ABT5J4S2, Canada.
| | - Scott V Robertson
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, ABT5J4S2, Canada
| | - Weihao Lu
- Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, ABT5J4S2, Canada
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22
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Lee DH, Lee WY, Kim J. Introducing Nanoscale Electrochemistry in Small-Molecule Detection for Tackling Existing Limitations of Affinity-Based Label-Free Biosensing Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17767-17778. [PMID: 37527497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing techniques for small molecules have progressed in many applications, including disease diagnosis and prevention as well as monitoring of health conditions. However, affinity-based detection for low-abundance small molecules is still challenging due to the imbalance in target-to-receptor size ratio as well as the lack of a highly sensitive signal transducing method. Herein, we introduced nanoscale electrochemistry in affinity-based small molecule detection by measuring the change of quantum electrochemical properties with a nanoscale artificial receptor upon binding. We prepared a nanoscale molecularly imprinted composite polymer (MICP) for cortisol by electrochemically copolymerizing β-cyclodextrin and redox-active methylene blue to offer a high target-to-receptor size ratio, thus realizing "bind-and-read" detection of cortisol as a representative target small molecule, along with extremely high sensitivity. Using the quantum conductance measurement, the present MICP-based sensor can detect cortisol from 1.00 × 10-12 to 1.00 × 10-6 M with a detection limit of 3.93 × 10-13 M (S/N = 3), which is much lower than those obtained with other electrochemical methods. Moreover, the present MICP-based cortisol sensor exhibited reversible cortisol sensing capability through a simple electrochemical regeneration process without cumbersome steps of washing and solution change, which enables "continuous detection". In situ detection of cortisol in human saliva following circadian rhythm was carried out with the present MICP-based cortisol sensor, and the results were validated with the LC-MS/MS method. Consequently, this present cortisol sensor based on nanoscale MICP and quantum electrochemistry overcomes the limitations of affinity-based biosensors, opening up new possibilities for sensor applications in point-of-care and wearable healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ramajayam K, Ganesan S, Ramesh P, Beena M, Kokulnathan T, Palaniappan A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Biomimetic Systems for Sensing Environmental Contaminants, Biomarkers, and Bioimaging Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:245. [PMID: 37366840 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), a biomimetic artificial receptor system inspired by the human body's antibody-antigen reactions, have gained significant attraction in the area of sensor development applications, especially in the areas of medical, pharmaceutical, food quality control, and the environment. MIPs are found to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of typical optical and electrochemical sensors severalfold with their precise binding to the analytes of choice. In this review, different polymerization chemistries, strategies used in the synthesis of MIPs, and various factors influencing the imprinting parameters to achieve high-performing MIPs are explained in depth. This review also highlights the recent developments in the field, such as MIP-based nanocomposites through nanoscale imprinting, MIP-based thin layers through surface imprinting, and other latest advancements in the sensor field. Furthermore, the role of MIPs in enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of sensors, especially optical and electrochemical sensors, is elaborated. In the later part of the review, applications of MIP-based optical and electrochemical sensors for the detection of biomarkers, enzymes, bacteria, viruses, and various emerging micropollutants like pharmaceutical drugs, pesticides, and heavy metal ions are discussed in detail. Finally, MIP's role in bioimaging applications is elucidated with a critical assessment of the future research directions for MIP-based biomimetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaipriya Ramajayam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaganapathy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purnimajayasree Ramesh
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maya Beena
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavelu Kokulnathan
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Arunkumar Palaniappan
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li T, Zhang X, Gao X, Lin J, Zhao F, Zeng B. Sensitive dual-mode detection of carbendazim by molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on biomass-derived carbon-loaded gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:236. [PMID: 37219633 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A dual-mode electrochemical sensor was fabricated for carbendazim (CBD) detection. Biomass-derived carbon loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/BC) were firstly coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and then molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of o-aminophenol was prepared on the resulting AuNPs/BC/GCE through electrochemical method in the presence of CBD. The AuNPs/BC had excellent conductivity, large surface and good electrocatalysis, while the imprinted film presented good recognition. Thus, the obtained MIP/AuNPs/BC/GCE exhibited sensitive current response to CBD. Furthermore, the sensor displayed good impedance response to CBD. Hence, a dual-mode detection platform for CBD was established. Under optimum conditions, the linear response ranges were as wide as 1.0 nM - 15 μM (by differential pulse voltammetry, DPV) and 1.0 nM - 10 μM (by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS), and the detection limits for these two methods were as low as 0.30 nM (S/N = 3) and 0.24 nM (S/N = 3), respectively. The sensor also had high selectivity, stability and reproducibility. The sensor was applied to detect CBD in spiked real samples, including cabbage, peach, apple and lake water, and the recoveries were 85.8-108% (by DPV) and 91.4-110% (by EIS); the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.4-5.3% (by DPV) and 3.7-5.1% (by EIS), respectively. The results were consistent with that obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography. Therefore, this sensor is a simple and effective tool for CBD detection, and it has good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianning Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Yeasmin S, Ullah A, Wu B, Zhang X, Cheng LJ. Enzyme-Mimics for Sensitive and Selective Steroid Metabolite Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36908226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an enzyme-like functional polymer that recognizes nonelectroactive targets and catalyzes their redox reactions for simple, selective steroid metabolite detection. Measuring steroid metabolites, such as cortisol, has been widely adopted to diagnose stress and chronic diseases. Conventional detection method based on competitive immunoassay requires time-consuming labeling processes for signal transduction and unstable biological receptors for biorecognition yet with limited selectivity. Inspired by natural enzymes' target specificity and catalytic nature, we report an enzyme-mimic using electrocatalytic molecularly imprinted polymers (EC-MIP) to achieve label-free, external redox reagent-free, sensitive, and selective electrochemical detection of cortisol. The EC-MIP sensor contains molecularly imprinted cavities for specific cortisol binding and embedded copper phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (CuPcTS) for electrocatalytic reduction of the ketones on the captured cortisol into alcohols. The direct sensing approach resolves the intrinsic limitations of conventional MIP-based sensors, most notably the use of external redox probes and weak sensing signals. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 181 pM with significantly enhanced selectivity using a differential sensing mechanism. The new enzyme-like sensor can be modified to detect other targets, offering a simple, robust approach to future health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjida Yeasmin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ahasan Ullah
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Xueqiao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cheng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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Cardoso AG, Viltres H, Ortega GA, Phung V, Grewal R, Mozaffari H, Ahmed SR, Rajabzadeh AR, Srinivasan S. Electrochemical sensing of analytes in saliva: Challenges, progress, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Yulianti ES, Rahman SF, Whulanza Y. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Cortisol. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1090. [PMID: 36551057 PMCID: PMC9776045 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a steroid hormone, cortisol has a close relationship with the stress response, and therefore, can be used as a biomarker for early detection of stress. An electrochemical immunosensor is one of the most widely used methods to detect cortisol, with antibodies as its bioreceptor. Apart from conventional laboratory-based methods, the trend for cortisol detection has seemed to be exploiting antibodies and aptamers. Both can provide satisfactory performance with high selectivity and sensitivity, but they still face issues with their short shelf life. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been widely used to detect macro- and micro-molecules by forming artificial antibodies as bioreceptors. MIPs are an alternative to natural antibodies, which despite demonstrating high selectivity and a low degree of cross-reactivity, often also show a high sensitivity to the environment, leading to their denaturation. MIPs can be prepared with convenient and relatively affordable fabrication processes. They also have high durability in ambient conditions, a long shelf life, and the ability to detect cortisol molecules at a concentration as low as 2 ag/mL. By collecting data from the past five years, this review summarizes the antibody and aptamer-based amperometric sensors as well as the latest developments exploiting MIPs rather than antibodies. Lastly, factors that can improve MIPs performance and are expected to be developed in the future are also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Septia Yulianti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fauziyah Rahman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yudan Whulanza
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Goyal A, Sakata T. Development of a Redox-Label-Doped Molecularly Imprinted Polymer on β-Cyclodextrin/Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Detection of a Stress Biomarker. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33491-33499. [PMID: 36157772 PMCID: PMC9494674 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a major stress biomarker involved in the regulation of metabolic and immune responses. Readily accessible assays with sufficient quantitative and temporal resolution can assist in prevention, early diagnosis, and management of chronic diseases. Whereas conventional assays are costly in terms of time, labor, and capital, an electrochemical approach offers the possibility of miniaturization and detection at the point-of-care. Here, we investigate the biosensor application of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole (PPy) doped with hexacyanoferrate (HCF) and coupled to reduced graphene oxide functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). β-CD provides an inclusion site for lipophilic cortisol and was electrochemically grafted simultaneous with reduction of GO. Next, PPy was electrochemically deposited in presence of cortisol template with HCF dopant ions serving as intrinsic redox probe. Thus, the sensor response was evaluated via changes of redox peak current in cyclic voltammetry and demonstrated a broad logarithmic detection range (5 pg/mL to 5000 ng/mL, R 2 = 0.995), with a sensitivity of 8.809 μA log-1 (ng/mL) cm-2 and LOD of 19.3 pM. The sensor was shown to be specific toward cortisol in reference to salivary cortisol concentration in saliva over structural analogues. The sensor was exhibited to determine cortisol in artificial saliva at normal and elevated levels. The good performance and facile electrochemical fabrication of this antibody- and external label-free interface are promising for the development of affordable point-of-care biosensors.
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Current Trends and Challenges in Point-of-care Urinalysis of Biomarkers in Trace Amounts. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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