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Li L, Li Q, Xiao Y, Ma J, Liu GQ. H-NS involved in positive regulation of glycerol dehydratase gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae 2e. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0007524. [PMID: 38995045 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00075-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycerol dehydratase is the key and rate-limiting enzyme in the 1,3-propanediol synthesis pathway of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which determined the producing rate and yield of 1,3-propanediol. However, the expression regulation mechanism of glycerol dehydratase gene dhaB remains poorly unknown. In this study, a histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein was identified and characterized as the positive transcription regulator for dhaB expression in K. pneumoniae 2e, which exhibited high tolerance against crude glycerol in our previous study. Deletion of hns gene significantly decreased the transcription level of dhaB in K. pneumoniae 2e, which led to a remarkable defect on strain growth, glycerol dehydratase activity, and 3-hydroxypropanal production during glycerol fermentation. The transcription level of dhaB was significantly up-regulated in crude glycerol relative to pure glycerol, while the inactivation of H-NS resulted in more negative effect for transcription level of dhaB in the former. Though the H-NS expression level was almost comparable in both substrates, its multimer state was reduced in crude glycerol relative to pure glycerol, suggesting that the oligomerization state of H-NS might have contributed for positive regulation of dhaB expression. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays showed that H-NS could directly bind to the upstream promoter region of dhaB by recognizing the AT-rich region. These findings provided new insight into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of H-NS for glycerol dehydratase expression in K. pneumoniae, which might offer new target for engineering bacteria to industrially produce 1,3-propanediol.IMPORTANCEThe biological production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by microbial fermentation shows great promising prospect on industrial application. Glycerol dehydratase catalyzes the penultimate step in glycerol metabolism and is regarded as one of the key and rate-limiting enzymes for 1,3-propanediol production. H-NS was reported as a pleiotropic modulator with negative effects on gene expression in most studies. Here, we reported for the first time that the expression of glycerol dehydratase gene is positively regulated by the H-NS. The results provide insight into a novel molecular mechanism of H-NS for positive regulation of glycerol dehydratase gene expression in K. pneumoniae, which holds promising potential for facilitating construction of engineering highly efficient 1,3-propanediol-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Economic Forest Variety Creation Center, Yuelushan National Laboratory of Seed Industry, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Li
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Economic Forest Variety Creation Center, Yuelushan National Laboratory of Seed Industry, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xiao
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Economic Forest Variety Creation Center, Yuelushan National Laboratory of Seed Industry, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangshan Ma
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Economic Forest Variety Creation Center, Yuelushan National Laboratory of Seed Industry, Changsha, China
| | - Gao-Qiang Liu
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Economic Forest Variety Creation Center, Yuelushan National Laboratory of Seed Industry, Changsha, China
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2
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Kumar V, Kumar P, Maity SK, Agrawal D, Narisetty V, Jacob S, Kumar G, Bhatia SK, Kumar D, Vivekanand V. Recent advances in bio-based production of top platform chemical, succinic acid: an alternative to conventional chemistry. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:72. [PMID: 38811976 PMCID: PMC11137917 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top platform chemicals with huge applications in diverse sectors. The presence of two carboxylic acid groups on the terminal carbon atoms makes SA a highly functional molecule that can be derivatized into a wide range of products. The biological route for SA production is a cleaner, greener, and promising technological option with huge potential to sequester the potent greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide. The recycling of renewable carbon of biomass (an indirect form of CO2), along with fixing CO2 in the form of SA, offers a carbon-negative SA manufacturing route to reduce atmospheric CO2 load. These attractive attributes compel a paradigm shift from fossil-based to microbial SA manufacturing, as evidenced by several commercial-scale bio-SA production in the last decade. The current review article scrutinizes the existing knowledge and covers SA production by the most efficient SA producers, including several bacteria and yeast strains. The review starts with the biochemistry of the major pathways accumulating SA as an end product. It discusses the SA production from a variety of pure and crude renewable sources by native as well as engineered strains with details of pathway/metabolic, evolutionary, and process engineering approaches for enhancing TYP (titer, yield, and productivity) metrics. The review is then extended to recent progress on separation technologies to recover SA from fermentation broth. Thereafter, SA derivatization opportunities via chemo-catalysis are discussed for various high-value products, which are only a few steps away. The last two sections are devoted to the current scenario of industrial production of bio-SA and associated challenges, along with the author's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK.
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Studies of Engineering and Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Sunil K Maity
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502284, India.
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248005, India
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
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3
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Zhao Q, Su X, Wang Y, Liu R, Bartlam M. Structural analysis of molybdate binding protein ModA from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:41-46. [PMID: 37751633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a facultative anaerobe, relies on acquiring molybdenum to sustain growth in anaerobic conditions, a crucial factor for the pathogen to establish infections within host environments. Molybdenum plays a critical role in pathogenesis as it forms an essential component of cofactors for molybdoenzymes. K. pneumoniae utilizes the ABC (ATP-Binding-Cassette) transporter encoded by the modABC operon for uptake of the group VI elements molybdenum and tungsten. In this study, we determined the X-ray crystal structures of both the molybdenum-free and molybdenum-bound substrate-binding protein (SBP) ModA from Klebsiella pneumoniae to 2.00 Å and 1.77 Å resolution respectively. ModA crystallizes in the space group P222 with a single monomer in one asymmetric unit. The purified protein remained soluble and specifically bound molybdate and tungstate with Kd values of 6.3 nM and 5.2 nM, respectively. Tungstate competes with molybdate by binding to ModA, resulting in enhanced antimicrobial activity. These data provide a starting point for structural and functional analyses of molybdate transport in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaokang Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Mark Bartlam
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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4
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Kumar V, Agrawal D, Bommareddy RR, Islam MA, Jacob S, Balan V, Singh V, Thakur VK, Navani NK, Scrutton NS. Arabinose as an overlooked sugar for microbial bioproduction of chemical building blocks. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37932016 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2270702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The circular economy is anticipated to bring a disruptive transformation in manufacturing technologies. Robust and industrial scalable microbial strains that can simultaneously assimilate and valorize multiple carbon substrates are highly desirable, as waste bioresources contain substantial amounts of renewable and fermentable carbon, which is diverse. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is identified as an inexhaustible and alternative resource to reduce global dependence on oil. Glucose, xylose, and arabinose are the major monomeric sugars in LCB. However, primary research has focused on the use of glucose. On the other hand, the valorization of pentose sugars, xylose, and arabinose, has been mainly overlooked, despite possible assimilation by vast microbial communities. The present review highlights the research efforts that have explicitly proven the suitability of arabinose as the starting feedstock for producing various chemical building blocks via biological routes. It begins by analyzing the availability of various arabinose-rich biorenewable sources that can serve as potential feedstocks for biorefineries. The subsequent section outlines the current understanding of arabinose metabolism, biochemical routes prevalent in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, and possible products that can be derived from this sugar. Further, currently, exemplar products from arabinose, including arabitol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2,3-butanetriol, ethanol, lactic acid, and xylitol are discussed, which have been produced by native and non-native microbial strains using metabolic engineering and genome editing tools. The final section deals with the challenges and obstacles associated with arabinose-based production, followed by concluding remarks and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India
| | - Rajesh Reddy Bommareddy
- Department of Applied Sciences, Health and Life Sciences, Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Ahsanul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Samuel Jacob
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, USA
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Warner BB, Rosa BA, Ndao IM, Tarr PI, Miller JP, England SK, Luby JL, Rogers CE, Hall-Moore C, Bryant RE, Wang JD, Linneman LA, Smyser TA, Smyser CD, Barch DM, Miller GE, Chen E, Martin J, Mitreva M. Social and psychological adversity are associated with distinct mother and infant gut microbiome variations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5824. [PMID: 37726348 PMCID: PMC10509221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Health disparities are driven by underlying social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors. However, how social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors lead to adverse health outcomes is unclear, particularly when exposure begins prenatally. Variations in the gut microbiome and circulating proinflammatory cytokines offer potential mechanistic pathways. Here, we interrogate the gut microbiome of mother-child dyads to compare high-versus-low prenatal social disadvantage, psychosocial stressors and maternal circulating cytokine cohorts (prospective case-control study design using gut microbiomes from 121 dyads profiled with 16 S rRNA sequencing and 89 dyads with shotgun metagenomic sequencing). Gut microbiome characteristics significantly predictive of social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors in the mothers and children indicate that different discriminatory taxa and related pathways are involved, including many species of Bifidobacterium and related pathways across several comparisons. The lowest inter-individual gut microbiome similarity was observed among high-social disadvantage/high-psychosocial stressors mothers, suggesting distinct environmental exposures driving a diverging gut microbiome assembly compared to low-social disadvantage/low-psychosocial stressors controls (P = 3.5 × 10-5 for social disadvantage, P = 2.7 × 10-15 for psychosocial stressors). Children's gut metagenome profiles at 4 months also significantly predicted high/low maternal prenatal IL-6 (P = 0.029), with many bacterial species overlapping those identified by social disadvantage and psychosocial stressors. These differences, based on maternal social and psychological status during a critical developmental window early in life, offer potentially modifiable targets to mitigate health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - I Malick Ndao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - J Philip Miller
- Institute for Informatics, Data Science and Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah K England
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carla Hall-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Renay E Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Laura A Linneman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tara A Smyser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, & Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research & Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research & Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - John Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, and McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhu W, Zhao Y, Wang N, Gao M, Wang Q. Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid waste: Recent updates in substrates, products, and the process with multiple products co-production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116444. [PMID: 37331552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The effective conversion and recycling of organic solid waste contribute to the resolution of widespread issues such as global environmental pollution, energy scarcity and resource depletion. The anaerobic fermentation technology provides for the effective treatment of organic solid waste and the generation of various products. The analysis, which is based on bibliometrics, concentrates on the valorisation of affordable and easily accessible raw materials with high organic matter content as well as the production of clean energy substances and high value-added platform products. The processing and application status of fermentation raw materials such as waste activated sludge, food waste, microalgae and crude glycerol are investigated. To analyse the status of the preparation and engineering applications of the products, the fermentation products biohydrogen, VFAs, biogas, ethanol, succinic acid, lactic acid, and butanol are employed as representatives. Simultaneously, the anaerobic biorefinery process with multiple product co-production is sorted out. Product co-production can reduce waste discharge, enhance resource recovery efficiency, and serve as a model for improving anaerobic fermentation economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchun Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nuohan Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, 100083, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, 100083, China
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7
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Zhou S, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Park S. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of monomeric C3 and C4 chemical compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128973. [PMID: 36972803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bio-based C3 and C4 bi-functional chemicals are useful monomers in biopolymer production. This review describes recent progresses in the biosynthesis of four such monomers as a hydroxy-carboxylic acid (3-hydroxypropionic acid), a dicarboxylic acid (succinic acid), and two diols (1,3-propanediol and 1,4-butanediol). The use of cheap carbon sources and the development of strains and processes for better product titer, rate and yield are presented. Challenges and future perspectives for (more) economical commercial production of these chemicals are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Agrawal D, Budakoti M, Kumar V. Strategies and tools for the biotechnological valorization of glycerol to 1, 3-propanediol: Challenges, recent advancements and future outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108177. [PMID: 37209955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global efforts towards decarbonization, environmental sustainability, and a growing impetus for exploiting renewable resources such as biomass have spurred the growth and usage of bio-based chemicals and fuels. In light of such developments, the biodiesel industry will likely flourish, as the transport sector is taking several initiatives to attain carbon-neutral mobility. However, this industry would inevitably generate glycerol as an abundant waste by-product. Despite being a renewable organic carbon source and assimilated by several prokaryotes, presently realizing glycerol-based biorefinery is a distant reality. Among several platform chemicals such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, 2, 3-butanediol etc. 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PDO) is the only chemical naturally produced by fermentation with glycerol as a native substrate. The recent commercialization of glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO by Metabolic Explorer, France, has revived research interests in developing alternate cost-competitive, scalable and marketable bioprocesses. The current review outlines natural glycerol assimilating and 1, 3-PDO-producing microbes, their metabolic pathways, and associated genes. Later, technical barriers are carefully examined, such as the direct use of industrial glycerol as input material and genetic and metabolic issues related to microbes alleviating their industrial use. Biotechnological interventions exploited in the past five years, which can substantially circumvent these challenges, such as microbial bioprospecting, mutagenesis, metabolic, evolutionary and bioprocess engineering, including their combinations, are discussed in detail. The concluding section sheds light on some of the emerging and most promising breakthroughs which have resulted in evolving new, efficient, and robust microbial cell factories and/or bioprocesses for glycerol-based 1, 3-PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Mridul Budakoti
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDG Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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9
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Liu Y, Li S, Guo Y, Li X, Zhu L, Wang H, Wu J, Pan C. Genetic Engineering of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 25955 for Bioconjugate Vaccine Applications. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1321. [PMID: 37317295 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is considered the most effective means to fight against the multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae. In recent years, a potential protein glycan coupling technology has been extensively used in the production of bioconjugated vaccines. Here, a series of glycoengineering strains derived from K. pneumoniae ATCC 25955 were designed for protein glycan coupling technology. The capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster and the O-antigen ligase gene waaL were deleted via the CRISPR/Cas9 system to further weaken the virulence of host stains and block the unwanted endogenous glycan synthesis. Particularly, the SpyCatcher protein in the efficient protein covalent ligation system (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) was selected as the carrier protein to load the bacterial antigenic polysaccharides (O1 serotype), which could covalently bind to SpyTag-functionalized nanoparticles AP205 to form nanovaccines. Furthermore, two genes (wbbY and wbbZ) located in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster were knocked out to change the O1 serotype of the engineered strain into the O2 serotype. Both KPO1-SC and KPO2-SC glycoproteins were successfully obtained as expected using our glycoengineering strains. Our work provides new insights into the design of nontraditional bacterial chassis for bioconjugate nanovaccines against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
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10
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Russmayer H, Ergoth S, Marx H, Sauer M. Process engineering towards an oxidative cellular state improves 3-hydroxypropionic acid production with Lentilactobacillus diolivorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129160. [PMID: 37178779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is among the top platform chemicals proposed for bio based production by microbial fermentation from renewable resources. A promising renewable substrate for 3-HP production is crude glycerol. Only a few microorganisms can efficiently convert glycerol to 3-HP. Among the most promising organisms is Lentilactobacillus diolivorans. In this study, an already established fed-batch process, accumulating 28 g/L 3-HP, was used as a starting point for process engineering. The engineering approaches focused on modulating the cellular redox household towards a more oxidized state, as these conditions favour 3-HP production. Variations of oxygen and glucose availability (controlled by the glucose/glycerol ratio in the feed medium) individually already improved 3-HP production. However, the combination of both optimal parameters (30% O2, 0.025 mol/mol glu/gly) led to the production of 67.7 g/L 3-HP after 180 h of cultivation, which is so far the highest titer reported for 3-HP production using Lactobacillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Russmayer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Ergoth
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Marx
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Sauer
- CD Laboratory for Biotechnology of Glycerol, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Bioconversion of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol Using Klebsiella pneumoniae L17 with the Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Zero-Valent Iron. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial redox state is essential for controlling the titer and yield of the final metabolites in most bioconversion processes. Glycerol conversion to 1,3-propanediol (PDO) requires a large amount of reducing equivalent and the expression of reductive pathways. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was used in the glycerol bioconversion of Klebsiella pneumoniae L17. The level of 1,3-PDO production increased with the oxidation of ZVI (31.8 ± 1.2 vs. 25.7 ± 0.5, ZVI vs. no ZVI) while the cellular NADH/NAD+ level increased (0.6 vs. 0.3, ZVI vs. no ZVI). X-ray diffraction showed that the iron oxide (Fe2O3) was formed during glycerol fermentation. L17 obtained electrons from ZVI and dissolved the iron continuously to form cracks on the surface, suggesting microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) was involved on the surface of ZVI. The ZVI-implemented fermentation shifted bioconversion to a more glycerol-reductive pathway. The qPCR-presented glycerol dehydratase (DhaB) with ZVI implementation was strongly expressed compared to the control. These results suggest that ZVI can contribute to the biotransformation of PDO by inducing intracellular metabolic shifts. This study could also suggest a novel microbial fermentation strategy with the application of MIC.
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12
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Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid from Renewable Substrates by Metabolically Engineered Microorganisms: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041888. [PMID: 36838875 PMCID: PMC9960984 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a platform chemical with a wide range of existing and potential applications, including the production of poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P-3HP), a biodegradable plastic. The microbial synthesis of 3-HP has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its green and sustainable properties. In this paper, we provide an overview of the microbial synthesis of 3-HP from four major aspects, including the main 3-HP biosynthesis pathways and chassis strains used for the construction of microbial cell factories, the major carbon sources used for 3-HP production, and fermentation processes. Recent advances in the biosynthesis of 3-HP and related metabolic engineering strategies are also summarized. Finally, this article provides insights into the future direction of 3-HP biosynthesis.
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13
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Jo MH, Ju JH, Heo SY, Cho J, Jeong KJ, Kim MS, Kim CH, Oh BR. Production of 1,2-propanediol from glycerol in Klebsiella pneumoniae GEM167 with flux enhancement of the oxidative pathway. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 36747250 PMCID: PMC9903448 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support the sustainability of biodiesel production, by-products, such as crude glycerol, should be converted into high-value chemical products. 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) has been widely used as a building block in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Recently, the microbial bioconversion of lactic acid into 1,2-PDO is attracting attention to overcome limitations of previous biosynthetic pathways for production of 1,2-PDO. In this study, we examined the effect of genetic engineering, metabolic engineering, and control of bioprocess factors on the production of 1,2-PDO from lactic acid by K. pneumoniae GEM167 with flux enhancement of the oxidative pathway, using glycerol as carbon source. RESULTS We developed K. pneumoniae GEM167ΔadhE/pBR-1,2PDO, a novel bacterial strain that has blockage of ethanol biosynthesis and biosynthesized 1,2-PDO from lactic acid when glycerol is carbon source. Increasing the agitation speed from 200 to 400 rpm not only increased 1,2-PDO production by 2.24-fold to 731.0 ± 24.7 mg/L at 48 h but also increased the amount of a by-product, 2,3-butanediol. We attempted to inhibit 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis using the approaches of pH control and metabolic engineering. Control of pH at 7.0 successfully increased 1,2-PDO production (1016.5 ± 37.3 mg/L at 48 h), but the metabolic engineering approach was not successful. The plasmid in this strain maintained 100% stability for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report the biosynthesis of 1,2-PDO from lactic acid in K. pneumoniae when glycerol was carbon source. The 1,2-PDO production was enhanced by blocking the synthesis of 2,3-butanediol through pH control. Our results indicate that K. pneumoniae GEM167 has potential for the production of additional valuable chemical products from metabolites produced through oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Jo
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Ju
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Cho
- grid.454135.20000 0000 9353 1134Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31056 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Jeong
- grid.37172.300000 0001 2292 0500Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zabed HM, Akter S, Rupani PF, Akor J, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhang C, Ragauskas AJ, Qi X. Biocatalytic gateway to convert glycerol into 3-hydroxypropionic acid in waste-based biorefineries: Fundamentals, limitations, and potential research strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108075. [PMID: 36502965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbial conversion of bioenergy-derived waste glycerol into value-added chemicals has emerged as an important bioprocessing technology due to its eco-friendliness, feasible technoeconomics, and potential to provide sustainability in biodiesel and bioethanol production. Glycerol is an abundant liquid waste from bioenergy plants with a projected volume of 6 million tons by 2025, accounting for about 10% of biodiesel and 2.5% of bioethanol yields. 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a major product of glycerol bioconversion, which is the third largest biobased platform compound with expected market size and value of 3.6 million tons/year and USD 10 billion/year, respectively. Despite these biorefinery values, 3-HP biosynthesis from glycerol is still at an immature stage of commercial exploitation. The main challenges behind this immaturity are the toxic effects of 3-HPA on cells, the distribution of carbon flux to undesirable pathways, low tolerance of cells to glycerol and 3-HP, co-factor dependence of enzymes, low enzyme activity and stability, and the problems of substrate inhibition and specificity of enzymes. To address these challenges, it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of glycerol bioconversion and 3-HP production in terms of metabolic pathways, related enzymes, cell factories, midstream process configurations, and downstream 3-HP recovery, as discussed in this review critically and comprehensively. It is equally important to know the current challenges and limitations in 3-HP production, which are discussed in detail along with recent research efforts and remaining gaps. Finally, possible research strategies are outlined considering the recent technological advances in microbial biosynthesis, aiming to attract further research efforts to achieve a sustainable and industrially exploitable 3-HP production technology. By discussing the use of advanced tools and strategies to overcome the existing challenges in 3-HP biosynthesis, this review will attract researchers from many other similar biosynthesis technologies and provide a common gateway for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suely Akter
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Parveen Fatemah Rupani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ku Luven, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Joseph Akor
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cunsheng Zhang
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; UTK-ORNL Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510,006, Guangdong Province, China.
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15
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Salinas A, McGregor C, Irorere V, Arenas-López C, Bommareddy RR, Winzer K, Minton NP, Kovács K. Metabolic engineering of Cupriavidus necator H16 for heterotrophic and autotrophic production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. Metab Eng 2022; 74:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Ağagündüz D, Yılmaz B, Koçak T, Altıntaş Başar HB, Rocha JM, Özoğul F. Novel Candidate Microorganisms for Fermentation Technology: From Potential Benefits to Safety Issues. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193074. [PMID: 36230150 PMCID: PMC9564171 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is one of the oldest known production processes and the most technologically valuable in terms of the food industry. In recent years, increasing nutrition and health awareness has also changed what is expected from fermentation technology, and the production of healthier foods has started to come a little more forward rather than increasing the shelf life and organoleptic properties of foods. Therefore, in addition to traditional microorganisms, a new generation of (novel) microorganisms has been discovered and research has shifted to this point. Novel microorganisms are known as either newly isolated genera and species from natural sources or bacterial strains derived from existing bacteria. Although novel microorganisms are mostly studied for their use in novel food production in terms of gut-microbiota modulation, recent innovative food research highlights their fermentative effects and usability, especially in food modifications. Herein, Clostridium butyricum, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Akkermansia muciniphila, Mycobacterium setense manresensis, and Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) can play key roles in future candidate microorganisms for fermentation technology in foods. However, there is also some confusion about the safety issues related to the use of these novel microorganisms. This review paper focuses on certain novel candidate microorganisms for fermentation technology with a deep view of their functions, benefits, and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cukurova University, Sarıcam, Adana 01380, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Koçak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | | | - João Miguel Rocha
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4050-345 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4050-345 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana 01330, Turkey
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17
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Yu W, Cao X, Gao J, Zhou YJ. Overproduction of 3-hydroxypropionate in a super yeast chassis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127690. [PMID: 35901866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionate (3-HP) is a platform chemical for production of acrylic acid, acrylamide and biodegradable polymers. Several microbial cell factories have been constructed for production of 3-HP from malonyl-CoA by using a malonyl-CoA reductase, which however suffer from inadequate supply of precursor and cofactor. Here 3-HP biosynthesis was optimized in a super yeast chassis with sufficient supply of precursor malonyl-CoA and cofactor NADPH, which had a 3-fold higher 3-HP (1.4 g/L) than that of wild-type background. The instability of the engineered strain was observed in fed-batch fermentation due to the plasmid loss, which may be caused by the toxic intermediate malonate semialdehyde. Genome integration of MCR-C encoding C-terminal of MCR enabled stable gene expression and much higher 3-HP production of 4.4 g/L under batch fermentation and 56.5 g/L under fed-batch fermentation with a yield of 0.31 g/g glucose. This was the highest 3-HP production reported from glucose in engineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaoqi Gao
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Energy Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
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18
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Liu H, Zhao P, Tian P. Engineering Glucose-to-Glycerol Pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Boosting 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Production Through CRISPR Interference. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:908431. [PMID: 35845395 PMCID: PMC9280265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.908431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent decline of the international biodiesel industry has led to decreased production and therefore increased the price of glycerol, which is a major by-product of biodiesel but a substrate for production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), that is, glycerol as a feedstock has no advantage over glucose in price. Hence, we engineered glucose to the glycerol pathway and improved 3-HP production by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). To begin with, we cloned the genes encoding glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1) and glycerol 3-phosphatase (gpp2) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which jointly catalyze glucose into glycerol. The genes gpd1 and gpp2 were co-expressed in K. pneumoniae with the dCas9 gene integrated in genome, and this recombinant strain produced 2 g/L glycerol in the shake flask. To minimize the glucose consumption by competing pathways including the EMP pathway, glycerol oxidation pathway, and by-products pathways, we developed an CRISPRi system in aforementioned recombinant K. pneumoniae strain to inhibit the expression of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (gapA) and 2,3-butanediol production gene (budA), resulting in a bi-functional strain harboring both glucose-to-glycerol pathway and CRISPRi system. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that this engineered CRISPRi system transcriptionally inhibited gapA and budA by 82% and 24%, respectively. In shake flask cultivation, this bi-functional strain produced 2.8 g/L glycerol using glucose as the carbon source, which was 46.6% increase compared to the strain without the engineered CRISPRi system. Moreover, this bi-functional strain produced 0.78 g/L 3-HP using glucose as the sole carbon source. In fed-batch cultivation, this bi-functional strain produced 1.77 g/L 3-HP. This study provides insights for co-utilization of distinct carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexin Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Pingfang Tian,
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19
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Teng Y, Guo C, Xie M, Feng A, Lu X, Zong H, Zhuge B. Modification of substrate and product transport systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae to improve 1,3-propanediol production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6613194. [PMID: 35731629 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate uptake and product export are important for microbial growth and product synthesis. Here, the glycerol uptake facilitator (GlpF) and the members of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) type efflux system were overexpressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae to promote 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) production. Overexpression of the endogenous K. pneumoniae GlpF improved glycerol dehydratase activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 to 65.1 g/L. RND members AcrA and the AcrE had no impact on 1,3-PDO production. RND members AcrF and the TolC increased 1,3-PDO titer from 55.6 g/L to 68.4 and 65.4 g/L, respectively. MexB significantly decreased glycerol dehydratase activity and 1,3-PDO titer. Notably, MexF dramatically enhanced glycerol dehydratase activity and promoted 1,3-PDO titer and glycerol conversion rate to 74.0 g/L and 0.62 mol/mol, respectively. However, coexpression of the endogenous GlpF and MexF did not further improve 1,3-PDO production. The results present here provided novel information about the applications of the uptake of glycerol and the efflux of 1,3-PDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengmeng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ao Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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20
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Dong S, Liu X, Chen T, Zhou X, Li S, Fu S, Gong H. Mutation of rpoS is Beneficial for Suppressing Organic Acid Secretion During 1,3-Propandiol Biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:218. [PMID: 35704098 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to reduce the formation of organic acid during 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae, a method combining UV mutagenesis and high-throughput screening with pH color plates was employed to obtain K. pneumoniae mutants. When compared with the parent strain, the total organic acid formation by the mutant decreased, whereas 1,3-propanediol biosynthesis increased after 24 h anaerobic shake flask culture. Subsequently, genetic changes in the mutant were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing and verified by signal gene deletion. Mutation of the rpoS gene was confirmed to contribute to the regulation of organic acid synthesis in K. pneumoniae. Besides, rpoS deletion eliminated the formation of 2,3-butanediol, the main byproduct produced during 1,3-propanediol fermentation, indicating the role of rpoS in metabolic regulation in K. pneumoniae. Thus, a K. pneumoniae mutant was developed, which could produce lower organic acid during 1,3-propanediol fermentation due to an rpoS mutation in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuilin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Phage resistance mutation triggered by OmpC deficiency in Klebsiella pneumoniae induced limited fitness costs. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105556. [PMID: 35489635 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play an important role in bacterial fitness costs. Derived from the interaction between Klebsiella pneumoniae K7 and phage GH-K3, K7RB is an outer membrane porin-deficient phage-resistant mutant strain triggered by ompC712 deletion, exhibits expression inhibition of OmpC, OmpN, KPN_02430 and OmpF, but its fitness costs and regulatory mechanism remains unknown. In this study, compared with K7, K7RB showed almost unaffected growth rate, slightly decreased virulence, and increased resistance to some antibiotics. Transcriptome analysis showed that the pathways of glycerolipid metabolism and nitrogen metabolism in K7RB were significantly inhibited, while the transcription of permeases belonging to ABC transporters tended to be active, nutrient uptakes such as citrate and phenylalanine were also enhanced. However, transcriptional up-regulation in K7RB was inhibited by overexpression of OmpC, OmpN, KPN_02430 and OmpF in general. Overexpression of OmpN, KPN_02430 and OmpF, respectively, restoring the sensitivity of strains to antibiotics to varying degrees, while OmpC overexpression aggravated the bacterial drug-resistance especially to β-lactam antibiotics. Besides, unlike OmpC and OmpF, overexpression of OmpN and KPN_02430 reduced bacterial virulence. In brief, by revealing the limited fitness costs of phage-resistant mutant K. pneumoniae with porin-deficiency, our study providing a reference for the design and development of drugs to inhibit the ways of bacterial metabolic rewiring and to increase fitness costs.
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22
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Damasceno APK, Rossi DM, Záchia Ayub MA. Biosynthesis of 1,3-propanodiol and 2,3-butanodiol from residual glycerol in continuous cell-immobilized Klebsiella pneumoniae bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3265. [PMID: 35443071 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, residual glycerol from biodiesel synthesis made this chemical a cheap, readily available carbon source to bioprocess, which is also a form to reduce costs in the fuel industry. We propose and describe a bioprocess using fluidized and packed-bed continuous bioreactors to convert this residual glycerol into value-added products such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), largely used in the chemical industry. The bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae BLh-1, strain isolated by us, was immobilized in the permeable support of polyvinyl alcohol (LentiKats®). After testing different dilution rates (D) for all bioreactor configurations, the best obtained productivities of 1,3-PD was 8.69 g L-1 h-1 at a D = 0.45 h-1 , and 2.99 g L-1 h-1 at a D = 0.30 h-1 for 2,3-BD, both in the packed-bed configuration. In the fluidized-bed reactor, the highest productivity values achieved were 4.48 g L-1 h-1 and 1.16 g L-1 h-1 for 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD, respectively, both at D = 0.33 h-1 . These results show the potential of setting up a bioprocess based on continuous cultures using immobilized K. pneumoniae BLh-1 in PVA matrices in order to efficiently convert the abundant surplus of glycerol into commercially important chemicals such as 1,3-PD and 2,3-BD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Klaus Damasceno
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Daniele Misturini Rossi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Záchia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
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23
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Gupta P, Kumar M, Gupta RP, Puri SK, Ramakumar SSV. Fermentative reforming of crude glycerol to 1,3-propanediol using Clostridium butyricum strain L4. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133426. [PMID: 34971623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Repurposed used cooking oil is a sustainable alternative to other feedstocks for biodiesel production offering enviro-economic benefits. Residual crude glycerol (RCG) from such biodiesel production plants is difficult to utilize due to presence of numerous toxic impurities with various inhibitory effects on biological fermentative reforming process. However, it is a new industrial feedstock for bio-based production of 1,3-propanediol. In this work, a new Clostridium butyricum strain L4 was isolated from biogas reactor leachate after rigorous adaption and 35 subcultures under increasing stress conditions and studied for green production of 1,3-propanediol (PDO) from RCG and further process development. Evaluation of fermentative reforming kinetics was performed and the optimal reaction conditions are pH 7.0, temperature 30 °C, 2 g yeast extract/L and 15 g ammonium sulphate/L. Glycerol-glucose co-fermentation (10:1) enhanced cell growth and thus, PDO output by 11.6 g/L. In comparison to batch fermentation (24.8 g PDO/L; 0.58 mol PDO/mol glycerol) there was 2.8-fold improvement with fed-batch process resulting in accumulation of 70.1 g PDO/L (Yield = 0.65 mol PDO/mol glycerol) using the studied biocatalyst in 150 h. In order to predict yields under different operational conditions a multiple linear regression model was developed (r2 = 0.783) with six independent variables (p < 0.05), where biomass (g/L) and temperature (oC) were forecasted as top contributors to PDO yield. Finally, this biocatalyst appears as a potential candidate for industrial use due to its non-pathogenic nature, ability to grow in wide pH and temperature conditions, tolerance to high substrate and product concentration, insignificant generation of by-products and Coenzyme B12 independent biotransformation. The study can add value to bio-utilization of RCG to produce green 1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravi Prakash Gupta
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Puri
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India
| | - S S V Ramakumar
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited, R&D Centre, Sector 13, Faridabad, 121007, Haryana, India
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24
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Virdis B, Hoelzle R, Marchetti A, Boto ST, Rosenbaum MA, Blasco-Gómez R, Puig S, Freguia S, Villano M. Electro-fermentation: Sustainable bioproductions steered by electricity. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107950. [PMID: 35364226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The market of biobased products obtainable via fermentation processes is steadily increasing over the past few years, driven by the need to create a decarbonized economy. To date, industrial fermentation (IF) employs either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMC) whereby the type of the microbial catalysts and the used feedstock affect metabolic pathways and, in turn, the type of product(s) generated. In many cases, especially when dealing with MMC, the economic viability of IF is hindered by factors such as the low attained product titer and selectivity, which ultimately challenge the downstream recovery and purification steps. In this context, electro-fermentation (EF) represents an innovative approach, based on the use of a polarized electrode interface to trigger changes in the rate, yield, titer or product distribution deriving from traditional fermentation processes. In principle, the electrode in EF can act as an electron acceptor (i.e., anodic electro-fermentation, AEF) or donor (i.e., cathodic electro-fermentation, CEF), or simply as a mean to control the oxidation-reduction potential of the fermentation broth. However, the molecular and biochemical basis underlying the EF process are still largely unknown. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent literature studies including both AEF and CEF examples with either pure or mixed microbial cultures. A critical analysis of biochemical, microbiological, and engineering aspects which presently hamper the transition of the EF technology from the laboratory to the market is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Virdis
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert Hoelzle
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angela Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Santiago T Boto
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Miriam A Rosenbaum
- Bio Pilot Plant, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University (FSU), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ramiro Blasco-Gómez
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sebastià Puig
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marianna Villano
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Wang X, Zhang L, Liang S, Yin Y, Wang P, Li Y, Chin WS, Xu J, Wen J. Enhancing the capability of Klebsiella pneumoniae to produce 1, 3-propanediol by overexpression and regulation through CRISPR-dCas9. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2112-2125. [PMID: 35298861 PMCID: PMC9249332 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common strain of bacterial fermentation to produce 1, 3‐propanediol (1, 3‐PDO). In general, the production of 1, 3‐PDO by wild‐type K. pneumoniae is relatively low. Therefore, a new gene manipulation of K. pneumoniae was developed to improve the production of 1, 3‐PDO by overexpressing in the reduction pathway and attenuating the by‐products in the oxidation pathway. Firstly, dhaB and/or dhaT were overexpressed in the reduction pathway. Considering the cost of IPTG, the constitutive promoter P32 was selected to express the key gene. By comparing K.P. pET28a‐P32‐dhaT with the original strain, the production of 1, 3‐PDO was increased by 19.7%, from 12.97 to 15.53 g l−1 (in a 250 ml shaker flask). Secondly, three lldD and budC regulatory sites were selected in the by‐product pathway, respectively, using the CRISPR‐dCas9 system, and the optimal regulatory sites were selected following the 1, 3‐PDO production. As a result, the 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐pRH2521 and K.P. B3‐pRH2521 reached up to 19.16 and 18.74 g l−1, which was increased by 47.7% and 44.5% respectively. Overexpressing dhaT and inhibiting expression of lldD and budC were combined to further enhance the ability of K. pneumoniae to produce 1, 3‐PDO. The 1, 3‐PDO production by K.P. L1‐B3‐PRH2521‐P32‐dhaT reached 57.85 g l−1 in a 7.5 l fermentation tank (with Na+ neutralizer), which is higher than that of the original strain. This is the first time that the 1, 3‐PDO production was improved in K. pneumoniae by overexpressing the key gene and attenuating by‐product synthesis in the CRISPR‐dCas9 system. This study reports an efficient approach to regulate the expression of genes in K. pneumoniae to increase the 1, 3‐PDO production, and such a strategy may be useful to modify other strains to produce valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Zhang
- Dalian Petrochemical Research Institute of Sinopec, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Shaoxiong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yicao Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wee Shong Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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26
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Prasad M, Shetty SK, Nair BG, Pal S, Madhavan A. A novel and improved selective media for the isolation and enumeration of Klebsiella species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8273-8284. [PMID: 36380193 PMCID: PMC9726774 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are fostered in and transmitted through wastewater. Hence, monitoring their impact on sanitation and hygiene is imperative. As part of the monitoring process, culture-based methodologies are primarily used, which centre on the use of selective and differential media. Media available today are, at best, difficult to formulate and, at worst, prohibitively expensive. To address this lacuna, the study proposes a selective and differential medium for Klebsiella spp. Klebsiella blue agar (KBA) is completely selective against selected gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus) and a few gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanii, Serratia marcescens). On the other hand, it supports the growth of the chosen members of the Klebsiella pneumoniae species-complex with a characteristic green colouration. Methylene blue, tryptophan, and bile salt make up the selective components of KBA. Moreover, methylene blue, 0.6% NaCl, and glycerol render it differential. KBA was more selective than HiCrome™ Klebsiella Selective Agar Base (KSA) in replica plating experiments. KBA promoted only 157 CFUs against 209 CFUs in KSA when stamped with 253 CFUs grown on LB. The colonies so isolated were predominantly Klebsiella spp., on identification through colony polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the differential nature of KBA distinguished Klebsiella aerogenes from other species. On the contrary, KSA lodged colonies indistinguishable from each other and Klebsiella spp. Due to its ease of formulation, high selectivity, differential nature, and cost-effective composition, KBA is a viable option for the routine culture of Klebsiella spp. in environmental and clinical settings. KEY POINTS: • Formulated a novel selective and differential media for Klebsiella spp., named Klebsiella Blue agar • Facile formulation methodology • Can be employed to isolate Klebsiella spp. from complex sources such as wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Prasad
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Sindhu K Shetty
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, 690525, India
| | - Sanjay Pal
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, 690525, India.
| | - Ajith Madhavan
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kerala, 690525, India.
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27
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Wen Z, Liu M, Rui D, Liao X, Su R, Tang Z, Wen Z, Ling Z. The Metabolome of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Plasma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7155772. [PMID: 34721736 PMCID: PMC8556109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7155772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae- (CR-Kp-) mediated infections represent a challenge for clinical practitioners due to their expanding prevalence in hospital environments and antibiotic resistance. However, few studies have shown metabolic changes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and CR-Kp-negative patients, and relevant studies are urgently needed. METHODS In this study, we comprehensively profile the metabolites of 20 CR-Kp-positive and 18 CR-Kp-negative patients in plasma by using 2D gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). RESULTS We identified 58 metabolites that were carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-associated. N-Acetyl glucosamine, butanedioic acid, and myoinositol play a significant character in CR-Kp infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable data to serve as potential targets for developing therapies against CR-Kp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Dong Rui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhenming Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhineng Wen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zhougui Ling
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 156 Heping Road, Liuzhou 545005, Guangxi Province, China
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28
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Kong DS, Kim C, Song YE, Baek J, Im HS, Kim JR. Zero-valent iron driven bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol using Klebsiella pneumoniae L17. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Zhao P, Tian P. Biosynthesis pathways and strategies for improving 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:117. [PMID: 34128152 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) represents an economically important platform compound from which a panel of bulk chemicals can be derived. Compared with petroleum-dependent chemical synthesis, bioproduction of 3-HP has attracted more attention due to utilization of renewable biomass. This review outlines bacterial production of 3-HP, covering aspects of host strains (e.g., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), metabolic pathways, key enzymes, and hurdles hindering high-level production. Inspired by the state-of-the-art advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, we come up with protocols to overcome the hurdles constraining 3-HP production. The protocols range from rewiring of metabolic networks, alleviation of metabolite toxicity, to dynamic control of cell size and density. Especially, this review highlights the substantial contribution of microbial growth to 3-HP production, as we recognize the synchronization between cell growth and 3-HP formation. Accordingly, we summarize the following growth-promoting strategies: (i) optimization of fermentation conditions; (ii) construction of gene circuits to alleviate feedback inhibition; (iii) recruitment of RNA polymerases to overexpress key enzymes which in turn boost cell growth and 3-HP production. Lastly, we propose metabolic engineering approaches to simplify downstream separation and purification. Overall, this review aims to portray a picture of bacterial production of 3-HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Thi Nguyen T, Lama S, Kumar Ainala S, Sankaranarayanan M, Singh Chauhan A, Rae Kim J, Park S. Development of Pseudomonas asiatica as a host for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124867. [PMID: 33640696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas asiatica C1, which could grow on glucose and aerobically synthesize coenzyme B12, was isolated and developed as a microbial cell factory for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) from glycerol. Three heterologous enzymes, glycerol dehydratase (GDHt), GDHt reactivase (GdrAB) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), constituting the 3-HP synthesis pathway, were introduced, and three putative dehydrogenases, responsible for 3-HP degradation, were disrupted. In addition, the transcriptional repressor glpR and the glycerol kinase glpK were removed to increase glycerol import while eliminating the catabolic use of glycerol. Furthermore, the global regulatory protein encoded by crc and several putative oxidoreductases (PDORs) were disrupted. One resulting strain, when grown on glucose, could produce 3-HP at ~ 700 mM in 48 h in a fed-batch bioreactor experiment, with the molar yield > 0.99 on glycerol without much by-products. This study demonstrates that P. asiatica C1 is a promising host for production of 3-HP from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Thi Nguyen
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Satish Kumar Ainala
- NOROO Bio R&D Center, NOROO Holdings Co., Ltd, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Mugesh Sankaranarayanan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Ashish Singh Chauhan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Wang W, Yu X, Wei Y, Ledesma-Amaro R, Ji XJ. Reprogramming the metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae for efficient 1,3-propanediol production. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Kim Y, Lama S, Agrawal D, Kumar V, Park S. Acetate as a potential feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals: Metabolism and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107736. [PMID: 33781888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetate is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock in biological production owing to its possible derivation from C1 gases such as CO, CO2 and methane. To best use of acetate, comprehensive understanding of acetate metabolisms from genes and enzymes to pathways and regulations is needed. This review aims to provide an overview on the potential of acetate as carbon feedstock for industrial biotechnology. Biochemical, microbial and biotechnological aspects of acetate metabolism are described. Especially, the current state-of-the art in the production of value-added chemicals from acetate is summarized. Challenges and future perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK430AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Li Z, Wu Z, Cen X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Chen Z. Efficient Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Diverse Carbohydrates via a Non-natural Pathway Using 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid as an Intermediate. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:478-486. [PMID: 33625207 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is a promising platform chemical used to manufacture various polyesters, polyethers, and polyurethanes. Microbial production of 1,3-PDO using non-natural producers often requires adding expensive cofactors such as vitamin B12, which increases the whole production cost. In this study, we proposed and engineered a non-natural 1,3-PDO synthetic pathway derived from acetyl-CoA, enabling efficient accumulation of 1,3-PDO in Escherichia coli without adding expensive cofactors. This functional pathway was established by introducing the malonyl-CoA-dependent 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) module and screening the key enzymes to convert 3-HP to 1,3-PDO. The best engineered strain can produce 2.93 g/L 1,3-PDO with a yield of 0.35 mol/mol glucose in shake flask cultivation (and 7.98 g/L in fed-batch fermentation), which is significantly higher than previous reports based on homoserine- or malate-derived non-natural pathways. We also demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of producing 1,3-PDO from diverse carbohydrates including xylose, glycerol, and acetate based on the same pathway. Thus, this study provides an alternative route for 1,3-PDO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuecong Cen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan 523808, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua Innovation Center in Dongguan, Dongguan 523808, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Switching metabolic flux by engineering tryptophan operon-assisted CRISPR interference system in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Metab Eng 2021; 65:30-41. [PMID: 33684594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One grand challenge for bioproduction of desired metabolites is how to coordinate cell growth and product synthesis. Here we report that a tryptophan operon-assisted CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system can switch glycerol oxidation and reduction pathways in Klebsiella pneumoniae, whereby the oxidation pathway provides energy to sustain growth, and the reduction pathway generates 1,3-propanediol and 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), two economically important chemicals. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that this CRISPRi-dependent switch affected the expression of glycerol metabolism-related genes and in turn improved 3-HP production. In shake-flask cultivation, the strain coexpressing dCas9-sgRNA and PuuC (an aldehyde dehydrogenase native to K. pneumoniae for 3-HP biosynthesis) produced 3.6 g/L 3-HP, which was 1.62 times that of the strain only overexpressing PuuC. In a 5 L bioreactor, this CRISPRi strain produced 58.9 g/L 3-HP. When circulation feeding was implemented to alleviate metabolic stress, biomass was substantially improved and 88.8 g/L 3-HP was produced. These results indicated that this CRISPRi-dependent switch can efficiently reconcile biomass formation and 3-HP biosynthesis. Furthermore, this is the first report of coupling CRISPRi system with trp operon, and this architecture holds huge potential in regulating gene expression and allocating metabolic flux.
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Exploring the synthetic biology potential of bacteriophages for engineering non-model bacteria. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5294. [PMID: 33082347 PMCID: PMC7576135 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-model bacteria like Pseudomonas putida, Lactococcus lactis and other species have unique and versatile metabolisms, offering unique opportunities for Synthetic Biology (SynBio). However, key genome editing and recombineering tools require optimization and large-scale multiplexing to unlock the full SynBio potential of these bacteria. In addition, the limited availability of a set of characterized, species-specific biological parts hampers the construction of reliable genetic circuitry. Mining of currently available, diverse bacteriophages could complete the SynBio toolbox, as they constitute an unexplored treasure trove for fully adapted metabolic modulators and orthogonally-functioning parts, driven by the longstanding co-evolution between phage and host. Non-model bacteria offer unique and versatile metabolisms for synthetic biology. In this Perspective, the authors explore the limited availability of well-characterised biological parts in these species and argue that bacteriophages represent a diverse trove of orthogonal parts.
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Wu S, Zhao P, Li Q, Tian P. Intensifying niacin-based biosynthesis of NAD + to enhance 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:223-234. [PMID: 32996029 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glycerol-based biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in Klebsiella pneumoniae involves two reactions: glycerol conversion to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) by glycerol dehydratase, and 3-HPA conversion to 3-HP by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The ALDH catalysis consumes a lot of cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which constrains 3-HP production. RESULTS Here we report that intensifying niacin-based biosynthesis of NAD+ can substantially enhance 3-HP production. We constructed tac promoter-driven NAD+ synthesis pathway in K. pneumoniae. The strain only overexpressing nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (PncB) showed 14.24% increase in the production of NAD+ relative to the stain harboring an empty vector. When PncB was coexpressed with PuuC (one of native ALDHs), the recombinant strain exhibited increased ALDH activity but slightly reduced 3-HP production due to plasmid burden. When 30 mg niacin l-1 (a substrate for biosynthesis of NAD+) was added into shake flask, the strain produced 0.55 g 3-HP l-1, which was 2.75 times that of the control. In a 5-L bioreactor, replenishment of niacin led to 36.43% increase of 3-HP production. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that intensifying niacin-based biosynthesis of NAD+ boosts 3-HP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Xie M, Lu X, Zong H, Zhuge B. Strengthening the TCA cycle to alleviate metabolic stress due to blocking by-products synthesis pathway in Klebsiella pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5903268. [PMID: 32901814 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important synthetic monomer for the production of polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT). Here, we engineered Klebsiella pneumoniae by a multi-strategy to improve 1,3-PDO production and reduce by-products synthesis. First, the 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) synthesis pathway was blocked by deleting the budB gene, resulting in a 74% decrease of 2,3-BDO titer. The synthesis of lactate was decreased by 79% via deleting the ldhA gene, leading to a 10% increase of 1,3-PDO titer. Further, reducing ethanol synthesis by deleting the aldA gene led to a 64% decrease of ethanol titer, and the 1,3-PDO titer and yield on glycerol increased by 12 and 10%, respectively. Strengthening the TCA cycle by overexpressing the mdh gene improved 1,3-PDO synthesis effectively. Under 5-L fed-batch fermentation conditions, compared to wild type strain, the production of 2,3-BDO, lactate and ethanol in the mutant strain decreased by 73, 65 and 50%, respectively. Finally, the production of 1,3-PDO was 73.5 g/L with a molar yield of 0.67 mol/mol glycerol, improved 16% and 20%, respectively. This work provides a combined strategy for improving 1,3-PDO production by strengthening the TCA cycle to relieve metabolic stress by deleting genes of by-products synthesis, which was also beneficial for the extraction and separation of downstream products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhuge
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.,The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Lama S, Seol E, Park S. Development of Klebsiella pneumoniae J2B as microbial cell factory for the production of 1,3-propanediol from glucose. Metab Eng 2020; 62:116-125. [PMID: 32898717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an important platform chemical which has a wide application in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and textile industries. Its biological production using recombinant Escherichia coli with glucose as carbon source has been commercialized by DuPont, but E. coli cannot synthesize coenzyme B12 which is an essential and expensive cofactor of glycerol dehydratase, a core enzyme in 1,3-PDO biosynthesis. This study aims to develop a more economical microbial cell factory using Klebsiella pneumoniae J2B which can naturally synthesize coenzyme B12. To this end, the heterologous pathway for the production of glycerol from dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate (DHAP), a glycolytic intermediate, was introduced to J2B and, afterwards, the strain was extensively modified for carbon and energy metabolisms including: (i) removal of carbon catabolite repression, (ii) blockage of glycerol export across the cell membrane, (iii) improvement of NADH regeneration/availability, (iv) modification of TCA cycle and electron transport chain, (v) overexpression of 1,3-PDO module enzyme, and (vi) overexpression of glucose transporter. A total of 33 genes were modified and/or overexpressed, and one resulting strain could produce 814 mM (62 g/L) of 1,3-PDO with the yield of 1.27 mol/mol glucose in fed-batch bioreactor culture with a limited supplementation of coenzyme B12 at 4 μM, which is ~10 fold less than that employed by DuPont. This study highlights the importance of balanced use of glucose in the production of carbon backbone of the target chemical (1,3-PDO) and regeneration of reducing power (NADH). This study also suggests that K. pneumoniae J2B is a promising host for the production of 1,3-PDO from glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Lama
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Seol
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea.
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da Silva VZ, Ourique LJ, de David C, Ayub MAZ. Construction of Recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae to Increase Ethanol Production on Residual Glycerol Fed-Batch Cultivations. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1147-1162. [PMID: 32700204 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
K. pneumoniae BLh-1 strain was genetically modified aiming at obtaining high ethanol productivity in cultivations using residual glycerol from biodiesel synthesis as substrate. The recombinant strain K. pneumoniae Kp17 was obtained by inserting the multicopy plasmid pTOPOBL17 containing the AdhE gene, and its own promoter, from K. pneumoniae BLh-1. Influence of Fe2+ supplementation and initial glycerol concentration on culture conditions were analyzed, both in rotatory shaker and in batch bioreactors. In the bioreactor cultures, K. pneumoniae Kp17 strain produced 4.5 g L-1 of ethanol (productivity of 0.50 g L-1 h-1 and yields of 0.15 g g-1) after 24-h cultivation, corresponding to an increase of approximately 40% in ethanol concentration compared to wild strain, K. pneumoniae BLh-1. Best conditions were then applied in exponential fed-batch bioreactors, with final ethanol concentration of 17.30 g L-1 (productivity of 0.59 g L-1 h-1 and yields of 0.16 g g-1) after 30 h of feeding, representing 11.5% of increment in titer of ethanol compared to the wild strain. Mutant cells kept 92.5% of the plasmids under batch in 24 h, and 71.9% under fed-batch after 27 h of exponential feeding. The findings in this work show the possibility of using a simple approach to genetically modify K. pneumoniae to be employed this versatile bacterium for the bioconversion of residual glycerol into ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zimmer da Silva
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Jensen Ourique
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cíntia de David
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Zachia Ayub
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory (BiotecLab), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Zhao P, Ren M, Ge X, Tian P, Tan T. Development of orthogonal T7 expression system in
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:2446-2459. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Minrui Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xizhen Ge
- College of Biochemical EngineeringBeijing Union University Beijing China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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Biovalorisation of crude glycerol and xylose into xylitol by oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 32493445 PMCID: PMC7271524 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylitol is a commercially important chemical with multiple applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. According to the US Department of Energy, xylitol is one of the top twelve platform chemicals that can be produced from biomass. The chemical method for xylitol synthesis is however, expensive and energy intensive. In contrast, the biological route using microbial cell factories offers a potential cost-effective alternative process. The bioprocess occurs under ambient conditions and makes use of biocatalysts and biomass which can be sourced from renewable carbon originating from a variety of cheap waste feedstocks. Result In this study, biotransformation of xylose to xylitol was investigated using Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast which was firstly grown on a glycerol/glucose for screening of co-substrate, followed by media optimisation in shake flask, scale up in bioreactor and downstream processing of xylitol. A two-step medium optimization was employed using central composite design and artificial neural network coupled with genetic algorithm. The yeast amassed a concentration of 53.2 g/L xylitol using pure glycerol (PG) and xylose with a bioconversion yield of 0.97 g/g. Similar results were obtained when PG was substituted with crude glycerol (CG) from the biodiesel industry (titer: 50.5 g/L; yield: 0.92 g/g). Even when xylose from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was used as opposed to pure xylose, a xylitol yield of 0.54 g/g was achieved. Xylitol was successfully crystallized from PG/xylose and CG/xylose fermentation broths with a recovery of 39.5 and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusion To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time the potential of using Y. lipolytica as a microbial cell factory for xylitol synthesis from inexpensive feedstocks. The results obtained are competitive with other xylitol producing organisms.![]()
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Mi Z, Sun Z, Huang Z, Zhao P, Li Q, Tian P. Engineering CRISPR interference system to enhance the production of pyrroloquinoline quinone in Klebsiella pneumonia. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:242-250. [PMID: 32394472 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a cofactor of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and thus participates in glucose utilization. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, glucose utilization involves PQQ-dependent direct oxidation pathway (DOP) and phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent transport system (PTS). It is challenging to overproduce PQQ, as its biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we report that PQQ production can be enhanced by stimulating the metabolic demand for it. First, we developed CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to block PTS and thereby intensify DOP. In shake-flask cultivation, the strain with CRISPRi system (simultaneously inhibiting four PTS-related genes) produced 225·65 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 2·14 times that of wild type. In parallel, an exogenous soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) was overexpressed in K. pneumoniae. In the shake-flask cultivation, this sGDH-overexpressing strain accumulated 140·05 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 1·33 times that of wild type. To combine the above two strategies, we engineered a strain harbouring both CRISPRi vector and sGDH-overexpressing vector. In the shake-flask cultivation, this two-plasmid strain generated 287·01 nmol l-1 PQQ, which was 2·72 times that of wild type. In bioreactor cultivation, this two-plasmid strain produced 2206·1 nmol l-1 PQQ in 57 h, which was 7·69 times that in shake-flask cultivation. These results indicate that PQQ production can be enhanced by intensifying DOP, as the apo-enzyme GDH is intrinsically coupled with cofactor PQQ. This study provides a strategy for the production of cofactors whose biosynthesis mechanisms remain ambiguous. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is an economically important chemical, which typically serves as a cofactor of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and thus participates in glucose metabolism. Klebsiella pneumoniae can naturally synthesize PQQ, but current yield constrains its commercialization. In this study, the PQQ level was improved by stimulating metabolic demand for PQQ, instead of overexpressing PQQ synthetic genes, as the synthetic mechanism remains ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - P Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Q Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - P Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Mi Z, Cheng J, Zhao P, Tian P, Tan T. Improved Production of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone by Simultaneous Augmentation of Its Synthesis Gene Expression and Glucose Metabolism in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1174-1183. [PMID: 32080751 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae can naturally synthesize pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), but current low yield restricts its commercialization. Here, we reported that PQQ production can be improved by simultaneously intensifying PQQ gene expression and glucose metabolism. Firstly, tandem repetitive tac promoters were constructed to overexpress PQQ synthesis genes. Results showed that when three repeats of tac promoter were recruited to overexpress PQQ synthesis genes, the recombinant strain generated 1.5-fold PQQ relative to the strain recruiting only one tac promoter. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the increased transcription levels of PQQ synthesis genes. Next, fermentation parameters were optimized to augment the glucose direct oxidation pathway (GDOP) mediated by PQQ-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH). Results demonstrated that the cultivation conditions of sufficient glucose (≥ 32 g/L), low pH (5.8), and limited potassium (0.7 nmol/L) significantly promoted the biosynthesis of gluconic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid, and PQQ. In optimum shake flask fermentation conditions, the K. pneumoniae strain overexpressing PQQ synthesis genes under three repeats of tac promoter generated 363.3 nmol/L of PQQ, which was 2.6-fold of that in original culture conditions. In bioreactor cultivation, this strain produced 2371.7 nmol/L of PQQ. To our knowledge, this is the highest PQQ titer reported so far using K. pneumoniae as a host strain. Overall, simultaneous intensification of pqq gene expression and glucose metabolism is effective to improve PQQ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Mi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Kim C, Lee JH, Baek J, Kong DS, Na JG, Lee J, Sundstrom E, Park S, Kim JR. Small Current but Highly Productive Synthesis of 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol by an Electrode-Driven Metabolic Shift in Klebsiella pneumoniae L17. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:564-573. [PMID: 31808287 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrofermentation actively regulates the bacterial redox state, which is essential for bioconversion and has been highlighted as an effective method for further improvements of the productivity of either reduced or oxidized platform chemicals. 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) is an industrial value-added chemical that can be produced from glycerol fermentation. The bioconversion of 1,3-PDO from glycerol requires additional reducing energy under anoxic conditions. The cathode-based conversion of glycerol to 1,3-PDO with various electron shuttles (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, neutral red, and hydroquinone) using Klebsiella pneumoniae L17 was investigated. The externally poised potential of -0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl to the cathode increased 1,3-PDO (35.5±3.1 mm) production if 100 μm neutral red was used compared with non-bioelectrochemical system fermentation (23.7±2.4 mm). Stoichiometric metabolic flux and transcriptional analysis indicated a shift in the carbon flux toward the glycerol reductive pathway. The homologous overexpression of glycerol dehydratase (DhaB) and 1,3-PDO oxidoreductase (DhaT) enzymes synergistically enhanced 1,3-PDO conversion (39.3±0.8 mm) under cathode-driven fermentation. Interestingly, a small current uptake (0.23 mmol of electrons) caused significant metabolic flux changes with a concomitant increase in 1,3-PDO production. This suggests that both an increase in 1,3-PDO production and regulation of the cellular metabolic pathway are feasible by electrode-driven control in cathodic electrofermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changman Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Advanced Biofuel and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Jae Hyeon Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Baek
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Seul Kong
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geol Na
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Sundstrom
- Advanced Biofuel and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Chen WC, Chuang CJ, Chang JS, Wang LF, Soo PC, Wu HS, Tsai SL, Wei YH. Exploring Dual-Substrate Cultivation Strategy of 1,3-Propanediol Production Using Klebsiella pneumoniae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:346-359. [PMID: 31863348 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO) has numerous industrial applications in the synthesis of the monomer of the widely used fiber polytrimethylene terephthalate. In this work, the production of 1,3-PDO by Klebsiella pneumoniae is increased by dual-substrate cultivation and fed-batch fermentation. Experimental results indicate that the production of 1,3-PDO can be elevated to 16.09 g/L using a dual substrate ratio (of glucose to crude glycerol) of 1/30 and to 20.73 g/L using an optimized dual-substrate ratio of 1/20. Ultimately, the optimal dual-substrate feeding for a 5 L scale fed-batch fermenter that maximizes 1,3-PDO production (29.69 g/L) is determined. This production yield is better than that reported in most related studies. Eventually, the molecular weight and chemical structure of 1,3-PDO were obtained by FAB-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. Also, in demonstrating the effectiveness of the fermentation strategy in increasing the production and production yield of 1,3-PDO, experimental results indicate that the fermentation of 1,3-PDO is highly promising for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chuan Chen
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chuang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Fooyin University, Daliao Dist, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chi Soo
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., 97004, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shing Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Long Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hong Wei
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
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Mitrea L, Vodnar DC. Klebsiella pneumoniae-A Useful Pathogenic Strain for Biotechnological Purposes: Diols Biosynthesis under Controlled and Uncontrolled pH Levels. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040293. [PMID: 31835652 PMCID: PMC6963399 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being a well-known human pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae plays a significant role in the biotechnology field, being considered as a microbial cell factory in terms of valuable chemical biosynthesis. In this work, Klebsiella pneumoniae DSMZ 2026 was investigated for its potential to biosynthesize 1,3-propanediol (PDO) and 2,3-butanediol (BDO) during batch fermentation under controlled and uncontrolled pH levels. The bacterial strain was cultivated at a bioreactor level, and it was inoculated in 2 L of specific mineral broth containing 50 g/L of glycerol as the main carbon source. The process was conducted under anaerobic conditions at 37 °C and 180 RPM (rotations per minute) for 24 h. The effect of pH oscillation on the biosynthesis of PDO and BDO was investigated. Samples were taken every 3 h and specific tests were performed: pH measurement, main substrate consumption, PDO and BDO production. The cell morphology was analyzed on both solid and liquid media. After 24 h of cultivation, the maximum concentrations of PDO and BDO were 28.63 ± 2.20 g/L and 18.10 ± 1.10 g/L when the pH value was maintained at 7. Decreased concentrations of PDO and BDO were achieved (11.08 ± 0.14 g/L and 7.35 ± 0.00 g/L, respectively) when the pH level was not maintained at constant values. Moreover, it was identified the presence of other metabolites (lactic, citric, and succinic acids) in the cultivation media at the beginning of the process, after 12 h and 24 h of cultivation.
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Regulation of Pyruvate Formate Lyase-Deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae for Efficient 1,3-Propanediol Bioproduction. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:55-61. [PMID: 31705389 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic growth defect of pyruvate formate lyase (PFL)-deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae limits its industrial application, and the reason for this growth defect was analyzed in this study. The obtained evidences, combined with normal intracellular redox status and no further inhibition by adhE deletion, strongly suggested that growth defect in PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae was probably caused by lack of carbon flux from pyruvate to acetyl-CoA (AcCoA). Correspondingly, the anaerobic growth of PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae was promoted by deletion of pdhR, a negative transcriptional regulator gene for AcCoA generation. Through the regulation of pdhR deletion, the PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae exhibited highly efficient 1,3-propanediol production. Besides, in a 2-L fed-batch fermentation process, the cell growth of PFL-deficient K. pneumoniae strain almost recovered, when compared with that of the normal strain, and the 1,3-propanediol yield increased by 14%, while the byproducts acetate and 2,3-butanediol contents decreased by 29% and 24%, respectively.
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Zhou S, Lama S, Sankaranarayanan M, Park S. Metabolic engineering of Pseudomonas denitrificans for the 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121933. [PMID: 31404755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bio-production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) from glycerol was studied using Pseudomonas denitrificans as host, which aerobically synthesizes coenzyme B12, an essential cofactor of glycerol dehydratase (GDHt). P. denitrificans was transformed with the 1,3-PDO synthesis pathway composed of GDHt and 1,3-PDO oxidoreductase (PDOR), and its putative 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) dehydrogenase(s), leading to the production of 3-hydroxypropioninc acid form the intermediary 3-HPA, was identified and deleted. In addition, to improve the availability of NADH for PDOR, oxidation of NADH in the electron transport chain was disturbed by deletion of the nuo operon and/or ndh gene. Finally, acetate formation pathway was eliminated. One resulting strain could produce 68.95 mM 1,3-PDO with the yield of 0.92 mol 1,3-PDO/mol glycerol on flask scale and 440 mM with the yield of 0.89 mol 1,3-PDO/mol glycerol in a fed-batch bioreactor experiment. This study demonstrates that P. denitrificans is a promising recombinant host for the production of 1,3-PDO from glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mugesh Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Russmayer H, Egermeier M, Kalemasi D, Sauer M. Spotlight on biodiversity of microbial cell factories for glycerol conversion. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Li X, Chen L, Wang X, Tian P. Physiological investigations of the influences of byproduct pathways on 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1195-1207. [PMID: 31617952 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae can naturally synthesize 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from glycerol. However, biosynthesis of these industrially important chemicals is constrained by troublesome byproducts. To clarify the influences of byproducts on 3-HP production, in this study, a total of eight byproduct-producing enzyme genes including pmd, poxB, frdB, fumC, dhaT, ilvH, adhP, and pflB were individually deleted from the K. pneumoniae genome. The resultant eight mutants presented different levels of metabolites. In 24-h shake-flask cultivation, the adhP- and pflB-deletion mutants produced 0.41 and 0.44 g/L 3-HP, respectively. Notably, the adhP and pflB double deletion mutant K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB produced 1.58 g/L 3-HP in 24-h shake-flask cultivation. When K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB was harnessed as a host strain to overexpress PuuC, a native aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) catalyzing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) to 3-HP, the resulting recombinant strain K. pneumoniaeΔadhPΔpflB(pTAC-puuC) (pTAC-puuC is PuuC expression vector) generated 66.91 g/L 3-HP with a cumulative yield of 70.84% on glycerol in 60-h bioreactor cultivation. Additionally, this strain showed 2.3-, 5.1-, and 0.67-fold decrease in the concentrations of 1,3-PD, 2,3-BD, and acetic acid compared with the reference strain K. pneumoniae(pTAC-puuC). These results indicated that the byproducts exerted differential impacts on the production of 3-HP, 1,3-PD, and 2,3-BD. Although combinatorial elimination of byproduct pathways could reprogram glycerol flux, the enzyme 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase (DhaT) that catalyzes 3-HPA to 1,3-PD and the enzymes ALDHs, especially, PuuC are most pivotal for 3-HP production. This study provides a deep understanding of how byproducts affect the production of 3-HP, 1,3-PD, and 2,3-BD in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liuni Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Pingfang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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