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Raheema Sharafudeen R, Abraham A. Hepatoprotective potential of Coconut Inflorescence Sap against Paracetamol induced toxicity in Hep G2 cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2024:114946. [PMID: 39181230 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Coconut Inflorescence Sap (CIS) is the sweet, oyster-white colored, non-fermented juice obtained from the immature inflorescence of the Coconut tree. Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, or paracetamol) is one of the most frequently used drugs worldwide as an antipyretic or analgesic. HepG2 cell lines were used as an experimental model for studying in vitro hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol. The present study aims to identify biologically active compounds of CIS using LCMS analysis and to elucidate the ameliorative potential of CIS in alleviating paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 17 bioactive compounds. HepG2 cells were pretreated with Paracetamol(20mM) for inducing toxicity, and Silymarin at a concentration of 50μg/ml was used as a standard drug. The morphological analysis and MTT assay showed effective recovery from toxicity in cells treated with CIS in a dose-dependent manner. CIS at 25 μg/ml potentially showed the highest percentage of inhibitory activity against the toxicity induced by paracetamol. The treatment with paracetamol significantly increased the indicators of liver toxicity - LDH, SGOT, SGPT, and Glut.S Transferase in the media.CIS administration also increased the total protein levels, SOD, and Catalase activity. The morphological analysis, MTT assay, cytocompatibility studies, determination of enzymatic activities, etc., confirms the significant hepatoprotective efficacy of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA.
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2
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Enyang D, Sonibare MA, Tchamgoue AD, Tchokouaha LRY, Yadang FS, Nfor GN, Kom CW, Betote PDH, Tchinda CF, Tiogo SSK, Agbor GA. Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Piper nigrum (L.) Stem against Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats. J Toxicol 2024; 2024:5811080. [PMID: 38357682 PMCID: PMC10866638 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5811080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS by overall improving their quality of life and increasing life expectancy. However, ART-associated hepatotoxicity and metabolic disorders in HIV/AIDS patients are growing concerns to clinicians, especially due to the long-term use of the drugs. This study reported on the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of hydroethanolic extracts of Piper nigrum stem (PNS) and evaluated its protective effect against tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE)-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory assays were performed on PNS. Thirty-six rats divided into 6 groups of 6 animals/group were administered: distilled water, 17 mg/kg TLE, 17 mg/kg TLE and 100 mg/kg silymarin, 17 mg/kg TLE, and Piper extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, or 800 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. The body weight of animals was recorded every 7 days. On Day 29, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical tests. Portions of the liver and kidneys were collected for histological evaluation, while liver homogenates were prepared from the rest to measure antioxidant enzymes. PNS possessed in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the body weight of rats treated with PNS was observed. A significant high platelet count (p < 0.05) was observed in the PNS800 mg/kg group. A considerable decrease in alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides was observed in the silymarin and PNS group compared to the TLE-only group. The findings also show a significant increase in catalase and glutathione in the TLE-only group compared to the normal group, while SOD decreased. Histological observations revealed normal hepatic and renal tissues in the silymarin, and PNS-treated groups compared to the normal control, while leucocyte infiltration was observed in the TLE-only group. These results suggest that PNS extract possessed antioxidant activity that alleviated TLE-induced toxicity. Further studies are necessary to understand the pharmacokinetic interactions between ART and PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Enyang
- Medicinal Plant Research and Drug Development Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mubo A. Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Armelle D. Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fanta S. Yadang
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gael N. Nfor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christelle W. Kom
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrick D. H. Betote
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Cedric F. Tchinda
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Gabriel A. Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovations, P.O. Box 6163, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Malik M, Kumar V, Singh J, Bhatt P, Dixit R, Kumar S. Phosphorylation of Alkali Extracted Mandua Starch by STPP/STMP for Improving Digestion Resistibility. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11750-11767. [PMID: 37033860 PMCID: PMC10077428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The chemical modifications of starch granules have been adopted to improve the characteristics, viz., paste clarity, resistant starch content, thermal stability, and so forth. The modified starch has been applied as a biopolymer in developing various preparations of food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical importance. The present work is focused on phosphorylation of alkali extracted mandua starch for improving digestion resistibility. The phosphorylation of mandua starch extracted from grains of Eleusine coracana (family Poaceae) was carried out by sodium tripolyphosphate/sodium trimetaphosphate at alkaline pH. After chemical treatment of mandua starch, the resistant starch (RS) content was increased significantly. The digestibility of chemically modified starch (CMS) was decreased down after treating by the phosphorylation process. The digestibility of CMS and alkali extracted mandua starch (AMS) in simulated intestinal fluid was found to be 32.64 ± 1.98% w/w and 61.12 ± 2.54% w/w, respectively. After chemical modification of mandua starch, a decrement was observed in amylose content, water-binding capacity, and swelling power. In the three-stage decomposition pattern of CMS studied by thermal gravimetric analysis, the significant changes in decomposition behavior also affirmed the impact of cross-linking in the improvement of stability of internal structure and resistibility of starch. In Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), the formation of the P=O bond was observed in CMS at 1250 cm-1. The acute and sub-acute toxicity studies in terms of behavioral, haematological, and enzymological parameters for CMS were not different significantly from AMS and control (p > 0.05). The cellular architecture of the liver and the kidney were found normal after consumption of CMS. The results revealed that significant increment in RS fraction occurred after cross-linking of mandua starch. The prepared starch may be applied in developing various formulations of food and pharmaceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank
Kumar Malik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science & Health, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Jaspal Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to
be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- KIET
School of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad 201206, India
| | - Raghav Dixit
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science & Health, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Gurukula
Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249407, India
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Alshehri FS, Alorfi NM. Protective role of resveratrol against VCM-induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1130670. [PMID: 36825158 PMCID: PMC9941161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1130670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with a high risk of acute liver injury. Resveratrol is believed to protect the liver against toxicity. Aim: To investigate the ability of resveratrol to attenuate vancomycin-induced liver toxicity in rats injected with vancomycin. Method: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups. The control group received only a vehicle, while the treated group received either vancomycin 200 (mg/kg, i. p.) only or vancomycin (200 mg/kg, i. p.) with resveratrol (20 mg/kg, oral gavage). All groups received their dose once daily for 7 days. Hepatic damage was assessed by measuring biochemical parameter levels in serum, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Also, antioxidants and inflammation biomarkers such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Furthermore, the vancomycin-induced pathological changes in the liver were evaluated by histopathological studies. Results: In the vancomycin-treated group, hepatic serum biomarkers such as AST, ALT, ALP, IL-6, and MDA were elevated, while NO and GSH were depleted. However, resveratrol co-treatment with vancomycin prevented the elevation of AST, ALT, ALP, IL-6, and MDA and it protected the liver from NO and GSH depletion. Also, regarding vancomycin-induced degeneration of hepatocytes, resveratrol co-treatment with vancomycin prevented such degeneration and improved mononuclear cells in the liver. Conclusion: The results showed that oral administration of resveratrol has a significant hepatoprotective effect against vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasser M. Alorfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Bedir Z, Ozkaloglu K, Can A, Cicek B, Gulaboglu M, Suleyman Z, Gursul C, Mokhtare B, Ozcicek F, Suleyman H. Effect of Thiamine Pyrophosphate upon Possible Metamizole-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2023.139.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Chanu KD, Sharma N, Kshetrimayum V, Chaudhary SK, Ghosh S, Haldar PK, Mukherjee PK. Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) King & H. Rob. Standardized leaf extract as an antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178904. [PMID: 37138848 PMCID: PMC10149788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has become one of the major health concerns of the 21st century, marked by hyperglycemia or glycosuria, and is associated with the development of several secondary health complications. Due to the fact that chemically synthesized drugs lead to several inevitable side effects, new antidiabetic medications from plants have gained substantial attention. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic capacity of the Ageratina adenophora hydroalcoholic (AAHY) extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. The rats were segregated randomly into five groups with six rats each. Group I was normal control, and the other four groups were STZ-NA-induced. Group II was designated diabetic control, and group III, IV, and V received metformin (150 mg/kg b.w.) and AAHY extract (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose, serum biochemicals, liver and kidney antioxidant parameters, and pancreatic histopathology were observed after the experimental design. The study concludes that the AAHY extract has a significant blood glucose lowering capacity on normoglycemic (87.01 ± 0.54 to 57.21 ± 0.31), diabetic (324 ± 2.94 to 93 ± 2.04), and oral glucose-loaded (117.75 ± 3.35 to 92.75 ± 2.09) Wistar albino rats. The in vitro studies show that the AAHY extract has α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities which can restore the altered blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, and serum enzymes such as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total protein, urea, and creatinine levels close to the normal range in the treated STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats. The evaluation of these serum biochemicals is crucial for monitoring the diabetic condition. The AAHY extract has significantly enhanced tissue antioxidant parameters, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation, close to normal levels. The presence of high-quantity chlorogenic (6.47% w/w) and caffeic (3.28% w/w) acids as some of the major phytoconstituents may contribute to the improvement of insulin resistance and oxidative stress. The study provides scientific support for the utilization of A. adenophora to treat type 2 diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced diabetic rat model. Although the preventive role of the AAHY extract in treating Wistar albino rat models against type 2 diabetes mellitus is undeniable, further elaborative research is required for efficacy and safety assessment in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaidem Devika Chanu
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
- *Correspondence: Nanaocha Sharma,
| | - Vimi Kshetrimayum
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Suparna Ghosh
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University (JU), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Kanti Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University (JU), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, Manipur, India
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Simanjuntak LJ, Rumahorbo CGP. Acute toxicity test nanoherbal mahkota dewa fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa). PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e94436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A common plant from Papua, Indonesia, called Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota dewa), has potent therapeutic components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity level of nanoherbal mahkota dewa and its effect on the changes in hematology, biochemistry, electrolytes, and histopathology of the organ. High Energy Milling (HEM) was used to produce nanoherbal mahkota dewa. LD50 was determined in three stages: dose orientation test (12 mice), preliminary test (20 mice), and LD50 determination (30 mice) for 14 days using the Thomson Weil formula. LC50 was determined using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method with concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 ppm. This study revealed that the LD50 value was 1g/kg BW 0,075 and the LC50 value was 2145,0407 ppm. The nanoherbal mahkota dewa affected the histological organs, hematological, biochemical, and electrolyte parameters but did not affect the weight of the organ significantly. From this study, it can be concluded that nanoherbal mahkota dewa belongs to the category of moderate toxicity. In a proper dose, it could be processed as an herbal medicine in the future.
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Yousuf S, Shabir S, Singh MP. Protection Against Drug-Induced Liver Injuries Through Nutraceuticals via Amelioration of Nrf-2 Signaling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022; 42:495-515. [PMID: 35771985 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2089403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity caused by the overdose of various medications is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury. Overdose of drugs causes hepatocellular necrosis. Nutraceuticals are reported to prevent drug-induced liver failure. The present article aims to review the protection provided by various medicinal plants against hepatotoxic drugs. Ayurveda is considered a conventional restorative arrangement in India. It is consistently used for ages and is still used today to cure drug-induced hepatotoxicity by focusing on antioxidant stress response pathways such as the nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) antioxidant response element signaling pathway. Nrf-2 is a key transcription factor that entangles Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1, a protein found in the cell cytoplasm. Some antioxidant enzymes, such as gamma glycine cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), are expressed in Nrf-2 targeted genes. Their expression, in turn, decreases the stimulation of hepatic macrophages and induces the messenger RNA (mRNA) articulation of proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor α. This review will cover various medicinal plants from a mechanistic view and how they stimulate and interact with Nrf-2, the master regulator of the antioxidant response to counterbalance oxidative stress. Interestingly, therapeutic plants have become popular in the medical sector due to safer yet effective supplementation for the prevention and treatment of new human diseases. The contemporary study is expected to collect information on a variety of therapeutic traditional herbs that have been studied in the context of drug-induced liver toxicity, as nutraceuticals are the most effective treatments for oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity. They are less genotoxic, have a lower cost, and are readily available. Together, nutraceuticals exert protective effects against drug-induced hepatotoxicity through the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Its mechanism(s) are considered to be associated with the γ-GCL/HO-1 and Nrf-2 signaling pathways. KEY TEACHING POINTSThe liver is the most significant vital organ that carries out metabolic activities of the body such as the synthesis of glycogen, the formation of triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as the formation of bile.Acute liver failure is caused by the consumption of certain drugs; drug-induced liver injury is the major condition.The chemopreventive activity of nutraceuticals may be related to oxidative stress reduction and attenuation of biosynthetic processes involved in hepatic injury via amelioration of the nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) signaling pathway.Nrf-2 is a key transcription factor that is found in the cell cytoplasm resulting in the expression of various genes such as gamma glycine cysteine ligase and heme oxygenase-1.Nutraceutical-rich phytochemicals possess high antioxidant activity, which helps in the prevention of hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Yousuf
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shabnam Shabir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Mahendra P Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Santamarina AB, Moraes RCM, Nehmi Filho V, Murata GM, de Freitas JA, de Miranda DA, Cerqueira ARA, Costa SKP, Ferreira AFF, Britto LR, de Camargo JA, Rodrigues de Oliveira D, de Jesus FN, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. The Symbiotic Effect of a New Nutraceutical with Yeast β-Glucan, Prebiotics, Minerals, and Silybum marianum (Silymarin) for Recovering Metabolic Homeostasis via Pgc-1α, Il-6, and Il-10 Gene Expression in a Type-2 Diabetes Obesity Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:447. [PMID: 35326098 PMCID: PMC8944780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural products and derivatives for the prevention and control of non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type-2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and hepatic steatosis is a way to achieve homeostasis through different metabolic pathways. Thus, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: high-fat diet (HFD) vehicle, HFD + Supplemented, HFD + Supplemented_S, and isolated compounds. The vehicle and experimental formulations were administered orally by gavage once a day over the four weeks of the diet (28 consecutive days). We evaluated the energy homeostasis, cytokines, and mitochondrial gene expression in these groups of mice. After four weeks of supplementation, only the new nutraceutical group (HFD + Supplemented) experienced reduced fasting glycemia, insulin, HOMA index, HOMA-β, dyslipidemia, ectopic fat deposition, and hepatic fibrosis levels. Additionally, the PPARγ coactivator 1 α (Pgc-1α), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and interleukin-10 (Il-10) gene expression were augmented, while hepatic steatosis decreased and liver parenchyma was recovered. The glutathione-S-transferase activity status was found to be modulated by the supplement. We discovered that the new nutraceutical was able to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis mainly by regulating IL-6, IL-10, and Pgc-1α gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ruan Carlos Macêdo Moraes
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
| | - Victor Nehmi Filho
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo 03317-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-29), Clinic Medical Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jéssica Alves de Freitas
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
| | - Danielle Araujo de Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Romério Azevedo Cerqueira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.R.A.C.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Soraia Katia Pereira Costa
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.R.A.C.); (S.K.P.C.)
| | - Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.F.F.F.); (L.R.B.)
| | - Luiz Roberto Britto
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (A.F.F.F.); (L.R.B.)
| | - Juliana Alves de Camargo
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Flavia Neto de Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine Alberta, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo 03317-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.C.M.M.); (V.N.F.); (J.A.d.F.); (D.R.d.O.); (J.P.O.)
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo 03317-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health (CABSIN), Natural Products Committee, São Paulo 05449-070, SP, Brazil
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Erukainure OL, Matsabisa MG, Salau VF, Oyedemi SO, Oyenihi OR, Ibeji CU, Islam MS. Cannabis sativa L. (var. indica) Exhibits Hepatoprotective Effects by Modulating Hepatic Lipid Profile and Mitigating Gluconeogenesis and Cholinergic Dysfunction in Oxidative Hepatic Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705402. [PMID: 34992528 PMCID: PMC8724532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a crop utilized globally for recreational, therapeutic, and religious purposes. Although considered as an illicit drug in most countries, C. sativa until recently started gaining attention for its medicinal application. This study sought to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of C. sativa on iron-mediated oxidative hepatic injury. Hepatic injury was induced ex vivo by incubating hepatic tissues with Fe2+, which led to depleted levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ENTPDase activities, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Induction of hepatic injury also caused significant elevation of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels while concomitantly elevating the activities of ATPase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, amylase, and lipase. Treatment with the hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and ethanol extracts of C. sativa leaves significantly (p < 0.05) reversed these levels and activities to almost near normal. However, there was no significant effect on the HDL-C level. The extracts also improved the utilization of glucose in Chang liver cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of phenolics in all extracts, with the ethanol extract having the highest constituents. Cannabidiol (CBD) was identified in all the extracts, while Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-9-THC) was identified in the hexane and DCM extracts only. Molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between CBD and Δ-9-THC with the β2 adrenergic receptor of the adrenergic system. The results demonstrate the potential of C. sativa to protect against oxidative-mediated hepatic injury by stalling oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, and hepatic lipid accumulation while modulating cholinergic and purinergic activities. These activities may be associated with the synergistic effect of the compounds identified and possible interactions with the adrenergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Motlalepula G. Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Veronica F. Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Sunday O. Oyedemi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Omolola R. Oyenihi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Collins U. Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhang D, Liu J, Wu Q, Chen J, Tan P, Xing B, Han Y, Zhang P, Xiao X, Pei J. Mechanism of drug-induced liver injury and hepatoprotective effects of natural drugs. Chin Med 2021; 16:135. [PMID: 34895294 PMCID: PMC8665608 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common adverse drug reaction (ADR) and a serious threat to health that affects disease treatments. At present, no targeted clinical drugs are available for DILI. Traditional natural medicines have been widely used as health products. Some natural medicines exert specific hepatoprotective effects, with few side effects and significant clinical efficacy. Thus, natural medicines may be a promising direction for DILI treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, common drugs and mechanisms of DILI, as well as the clinical trials of natural drugs and their bioactive components in anticipation of the future development of potential hepatoprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Junnan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Jiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Peng Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
| | - Boyu Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 100#, West 4th Ring Middle Rd., Fengtai, Beijing, 10039 China
| | - Jin Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137 Sichuan China
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12
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Short- and long-term effect of colorectal cancer targeting peptides conjugated to gold nanoparticles in rats’ liver and colon after single exposure. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:259-273. [DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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KARA H, BAYIR A, KORKMAZ H, TALAY F, AK A. Hepatotoxicity caused by bay leaf (Laurus nobilis): A case report. JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.33706/jemcr.972191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Ali GF, Omar HA, Hersi F, Abo-Youssef AM, Ahmed OM, Mohamed WR. The protective role of etoricoxib against diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats: The impact of NF-κB/COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:252-262. [PMID: 34238176 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210708103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer ranks as the 7th and 5th leading cause of cancer morbidity worldwide in men and women, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is associated with an increasing global burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the possible chemopreventive effect of etoricoxib on diethylnitrosamine (DENA) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF)-induced HCC in male Wistar rats. METHODS HCC was induced by DENA (150 mg/kg/week; i.p) for 2 weeks, then 2AAF (20 mg/kg; p.o) every other day for three successive weeks. Etoricoxib (0.6 mg/kg, p.o.) was given to DENA/2AAF-administered rats for 20 weeks. RESULTS Etoricoxib significantly suppressed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19.9) as liver tumor biomarkers. It also decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin levels while increasing serum albumin levels. Besides, it alleviated DENA/2AAF-induced histopathological abrasions and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, etoricoxib showed a potent antioxidant effect, supported by a significant lipid peroxide reduction and elevation in superoxide dismutase and GSH content activity. In addition, Etoricoxib significantly down-regulated the protein expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphorylated nuclear Factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the current results proved that etoricoxib possesses an anticarcinogenic effect via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and modulation of NF-κB/COX-2/PGE2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber F Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Hany A Omar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Fatema Hersi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272 . United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira M Abo-Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Erukainure OL, Salau VF, Chukwuma CI, Islam MS. Kolaviron: A Biflavonoid with Numerous Health Benefits. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:490-504. [PMID: 33185157 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113094303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing interests on the healing properties of medicinal plants have led to a paradigm shift from the use of synthetic drug to the search of natural medicines for the treatment and management of several diseases. Like other phenolics flavonoids have been continuously explored for their medicinal benefits, with their potent antioxidant activity being a major interest. Kolaviron (KVN) is a biflavonoid isolated from Garcinia kola Heckel, which has been reported for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties have been explored in several disease models including reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, diabetes mellitus, gastrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to review the reported medicinal properties of KVN in order to provide some guidelines and direction to researchers on KVN research. METHODS A literature search was conducted with the aim of identifying peer-reviewed published data on KVN and their biological activities. Different academic and/or scientific search engines were utilized including but not limited to Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and so on. RESULTS Among all the studied disease models obtained from the literatures, the effect of KVN on reproductive toxicity was the most studied as it represented 25% of all the studies, followed by neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective activities of Kolaviron. From our identified studies, KVN has been shown to have antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hematoprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective activities. KVN also has effects on malaria and reproductive health, which can be explored for novel drug and nutraceutical developments for related ailments. Unfortunately, while toxicity data are lacking, most studies are limited to in vitro and/or in vivo models, which may impede translation in this area of research. CONCLUSION Based on data gathered from the literature search, it is evident that KVN possesses numerous health benefits, which can be attributed to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, more studies are required in this area of research to validate the medicinal value of kolaviron, which may positively influence the economic value of plant, Garcinia kola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Center on Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
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16
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Zakaria ZA, Sahmat A, Azmi AH, Nur Zainol AS, Omar MH, Balan T, Sulistyorini L, Azizah R, Abdullah MNH. Polyphenolics and triterpenes presence in chloroform extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves attenuated paracetamol-induced liver intoxication in rat. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:35. [PMID: 33446155 PMCID: PMC7809736 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Water-soluble, but not lipid-soluble, extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves has been proven to possess hepatoprotective activity. The present study aimed to validate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities, and phytoconstituents of lipid-soluble (chloroform) extract of D. linearis leaves. Methods The extract of D. linearis leaves (CEDL; 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for 7 consecutive days followed by the oral administration of 3 g/kg PCM to induce liver injury. Blood was collected for liver function analysis while the liver was obtained for histopathological examination and endogenous antioxidant activity determination. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant evaluation and phytochemicals determination via phytochemical screening, HPLC and UPLC-HRMS analyses. Results CEDL exerted significant (p < 0.05) hepatoprotective activity at 250 and 500 mg/kg and significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the PCM-induced decrease in rat’s liver endogenous antioxidant (catalase and superoxide dismutase) level. CEDL possessed a high antioxidant capacity when measured using the ORAC assay, but a low total phenolic content value and radical scavenging activity as confirmed via several radical scavenging assays, which might be attributed particularly to the presence of triterpenes. Phytochemicals screening demonstrated the presence of triterpenes and flavonoids, while UPLC-HRMS analysis showed the presence of polyphenols belonging to the hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinammates and flavonoid groups. Discussion and conclusion Lipid-soluble bioactive compounds of CEDL demonstrated hepatoprotective effect against PCM intoxication partly via the modulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and exerted high antioxidant capacity. Further investigation is warranted to identify the potential hepatoprotective leads from CEDL for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Adibah Sahmat
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azfar Hizami Azmi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amal Syahirah Nur Zainol
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Level 5, Block C7, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tavamani Balan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lilis Sulistyorini
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - R Azizah
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Campus C Universitas Airlangga, Jalan Mulyosari, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anacardium microcarpum D. Extracts on the Liver of IL-10 Knockout Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3054521. [PMID: 33376496 PMCID: PMC7744185 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3054521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) and Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) are plants commonly found in Brazil. They present phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts from leaves of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum and its effect on the hepatic tissue in experimental knockout models after they received Paracetamol®. Methods Ethanol extracts from A. occidentale and A. microcarpum leaves were prepared. Total phenolics were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, and flavonoids are based on the complexation reaction with the aluminum metal, forming a colored complex. Fingerprint HPLC was performed to detect phenolic compounds. Knockout IL-10 mice randomly divided into six groups were used and received the following treatments: G1, only water; G2, A. occidentale extract; G3, A. microcarpum extract; G4, Paracetamol®; G5, Paracetamol® + A. occidentale extract (400 mg/kg); G6, Paracetamol® + A. microcarpum extract (400 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters of the blood and differential count of leukocytes were done. Oxidative markers and histopathological analyses were performed on their liver tissue. Results Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were detected in both two extracts analyzed. The HPLC fingerprint detected phenolic acid, gallic acid, and catechin flavonoid in the two extracts. Histopathological analyses of the hepatic tissue permitted evaluation of nuclear increase, sinusoid congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate. A. microcarpum presented more antioxidant activity increasing antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing TBARS and carbonyl protein when compared to the other treatments after exposure to Paracetamol®. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate after treatment with extracts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both extracts, especially A. microcarpum, can reduce hepatic damage in knockout mice exposed to paracetamol, indicating the curative power of these extracts reducing lipid peroxidation and in the morphofunctional damage to the liver parenchyma.
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Adewale OB, Anadozie SO, Potts-Johnson SS, Onwuelu JO, Obafemi TO, Osukoya OA, Fadaka AO, Davids H, Roux S. Investigation of bioactive compounds in Crassocephalum rubens leaf and in vitro anticancer activity of its biosynthesized gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00560. [PMID: 33299809 PMCID: PMC7704417 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
GC–MS analysis of Crassocephalum rubens extracts were investigated. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Crassocephalum rubens (AECR). DPPH radical scavenging activity of AECR was similar to that of AECR-AuNPs. AECR-AuNPs are potential anticancer agents against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell lines.
The development of cancer therapies has become difficult due to high metastasis, and lack of tissue selectivity, which in most cases affects normal cells. Demand for anticancer therapy is therefore increasing on daily basis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have many applications in biomedical field. Biological synthesis of AuNPs using aqueous extract of Crassocephalum rubens (AECR) was designed to investigate the in vitro anticancer potential. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The characterization results showed the formation of green AuNPs of wavelength 538 nm, and mostly spherical AuNPs with 20 ± 5 nm size. Significant anticancer activity of the AECR-AuNPs on MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells was noted at higher concentrations (125 and 250 μg/mL) during 24 and at all concentrations tested during 48 h. It can therefore be concluded that AECR leaves can mediate stable AuNPs with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola B Adewale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Scholastica O Anadozie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Sotonye S Potts-Johnson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Joan O Onwuelu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Tajudeen O Obafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi A Osukoya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Program, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Adewale O Fadaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Hajierah Davids
- Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
| | - Saartjie Roux
- Department of Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, P. O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Nithiyanandam
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Josson Akkara P, Sabina EP. A biochemical approach to the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic potential of beta-carotene as a protective agent against bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats. J Appl Biomed 2020; 18:87-95. [PMID: 34907730 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2020.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromobenzene is a compound which has contributed much in understanding the mechanisms involved in xenobiotic hepatotoxicity induced by drugs and environment pollutants. In the present study, the protective and ameliorative effect of beta-carotene was investigated against bromobenzene-induced hepatotoxicity and compared with silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective reference drug. Beta-carotene (10 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) was administered to the rats for 9 days before intragastric intubation of bromobenzene (10 mmol/kg b.w.). Liver marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), total protein content, bilirubin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, antioxidant status (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) were assessed along with histopathological analysis. ELISA was performed for analysing the levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and in the liver. Caspase-3, COX-2 and NF-κB were evaluated by Western blotting. Administration of bromobenzene resulted in elevated levels of liver marker enzymes, bilirubin, lipid peroxidation and cytokines but deterioration in total protein content, antioxidant levels and histopathological conditions. Pre-treatment with beta-carotene not only significantly decreased the levels of liver markers, lipid peroxidation and cytokines but also improved histo-architecture and increased antioxidant levels minimising oxidative stress, and reduced factors contributing to apoptosis. This significant reversal of the biochemical changes on pre-treatment with beta-carotene in comparison with rats administered with bromobenzene clearly demonstrates that beta-carotene possesses promising hepatoprotective effect through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activity and hence is suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for protection from bromobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Josson Akkara
- Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore, India.,Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, India
| | - Evan Prince Sabina
- Vellore Institute of Technology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore, India
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Xiao C, Su Y, Zhu X, Yu W, Cui D, Wei X, Zhang X, Li J, Wang F, Ren Y, Qin G, Zhao D. Mechanical performance and biocompatibility assessment of Zn-0.05wt%Mg-(0.5, 1 wt%) Ag alloys. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2925-2936. [PMID: 32662233 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zn alloys are emerging as promising degradable biomedical materials due to their tailorable mechanical properties and moderate biodegradable rate, compared with conventional biodegradable metallic materials. Ag, as an effective antibacterial and reinforcing element, was incorporated into Zn-0.05Mg alloys. In the present work, the effects of the Ag addition on mechanical, cytotoxic, hemolytic, pyrogenic, histological behaviors of the animal were investigated. The compressive yielding strength is enhanced from 198 MPa for Zn-0.05Mg alloy up to 224 and 234 MPa for Zn-0.05Mg-0.5Ag and Zn-0.05Mg-1Ag alloys, respectively. When the compressive strain was 65%, the strength of the Zn-0.05Mg-1.0Ag alloy reached 833 MPa, which was much higher than that of 721 MPa for Zn-0.05Mg alloy. The relative growth rate (RGR) for the extracts of Zn-0.05Mg-1Ag alloy with the concentrations of 10, 50, and 100% after 5 days incubation reaches 98.5, 95.2, and 94.2%, which are higher than those in extracts of Zn-0.05Mg-0.5Ag alloy (98.2, 93.9, 92.1%). The hemolysis rate of the Zn-0.05Mg alloys with 0.5 and 1 wt% Ag is 2.46 and 2.28%, respectively. The variations of body weight and temperature, postinjection symptoms, pathological morphologies of the visceral organs demonstrate that the alloys are nontoxic according to the toxicity rating standards. Zn-0.05wt%Mg-(0.5, 1 wt%) Ag alloys are experimentally safe materials and promising for the future application as biodegradable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Daping Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Zhongshan, Dalian, China
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Protective effect of Nectaroscordum tripedale extract and its bioactive component tetramethylpyrazine against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Abdou EM, Fayed MAA, Helal D, Ahmed KA. Assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of developed lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) encapsulating naturally extracted β-Sitosterol against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19779. [PMID: 31875004 PMCID: PMC6930297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effect of β-Sitosterol (BSS), a natural phytosterol, after being formulated into a suitable pharmaceutical drug delivery system has not been widely explored. BSS was isolated from Centaurea pumilio L., identified and formulated as lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) using the poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) polymer and DSPE-PEG-2000 lipid in different ratios. The selected formulation, prepared with a lipid: polymer: drug ratio of 2:2:2, had an entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 94.42 ± 3.8, particle size of 181.5 ± 11.3 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) of 0.223 ± 0.06, zeta potential of −37.34 ± 3.21 and the highest drug release after 24 h. The hepatoprotective effect of the formulation at two different doses against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated in rats. The results showed that the BSS-LPHNPs (400 mg/kg) have the ability to restore the liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), liver lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)), total bilirubin and albumin to their normal levels without inhibitory effect on the CYP2E1 activity. Also, the formulation could maintain the normal histological structure of liver tissue and decrease the cleaved caspase-3 expression. LPHNPs formulation encapsulating natural BSS is a promising hepatoprotective drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam M Abdou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National organization of Drug control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa A A Fayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Doaa Helal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Ferraz LR, Moreira BC, de Queiroz GDSR, Formigari RDF, Esquisatto MAM, Felonato M, Alves AA, Thomazini BF, de Oliveira CA. Tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers during renovascular hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4467-4476. [PMID: 31702037 PMCID: PMC6797995 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition are processes that can occur under different biological conditions, including tissue healing due to hypertension and oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences in gene expression of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers in different tissues. A two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension rat model was used. Hypertension was induced by the clipping of the left renal artery; the rats were randomized into sham and 2K1C groups and monitored for up to 4 weeks. The gene expressions of E-cadherin (E-cad), N-cadherin (N-cad), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (COL1A1), collagen III (COL3A1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were determined by reverse transcription-PCR. The levels of the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were evaluated using ELISAs. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and thiol groups were measured to evaluate oxidative stress. All analyses were performed on the liver, heart and kidneys tissues of sham and model rats. The 2K1C animals exhibited a higher systolic blood pressure, as well as cardiac hypertrophy and atrophy of the left kidney. Fibrotic alterations in the heart and kidneys were observed, as was an increase in the collagen fiber areas, and higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with the increased expression of fibroproliferative and anti-fibrotic genes. Renovascular hypertension regulated epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers, including E-cad, N-cad, α-SMA and COL1A1 in the kidneys and heart. EMT in the kidneys was mediated by an increased level of inflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, as well as by oxidative stress. The data in the present study suggested that the expression of epithelial/endothelial and mesenchymal markers are differentially regulated by hypertension in the liver, heart and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ricardo Ferraz
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Bianca Caruso Moreira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane de Freitas Formigari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | | | - Maira Felonato
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Armindo Antonio Alves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fontana Thomazini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
| | - Camila Andréa de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of the Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, São Paulo 13607-339, Brazil
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25
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Abdelmageed Marzook E, El-Bayoumy AS, Marzook FA. Preclinical evaluation of carnosine and Costus as hematological protective agents against gamma radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1649931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Histological, Biochemical, and Hematological Effects of Goniothalamin on Selective Internal Organs of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:6493286. [PMID: 31178909 PMCID: PMC6507267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6493286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Goniothalamin (GTN) is an isolated compound from several plants of the genus Goniothalamus, and its anticancer effect against several cancers was reported. However, there is no scientific data about effects of its higher doses on internal organs. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute effects of higher doses of GTN on the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of selected internal organs of male Sprague-Dawley rats. In acute study, 35 rats were distributed in 5 groups (n=7) which were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with a single dose of either 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg of GTN, while extra 7 rats serve as a normal control. In subacute study, 7 rats were IP-injected with a daily dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN for 14 days, while another 7 rats serve as a normal control group. The normal controls in both studies were IP-injected simultaneously with 2 ml/kg of 10% DMSO in PBS. At the end of both tests, rats were sacrificed to collect blood for hematology and biochemistry and harvest livers, kidneys, lungs, hearts, spleens, and brains for histology. During acute and subacute exposure, no abnormal changes were observed in the hematology, biochemistry, and histology of the internal organs. However, the 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg of GTN during acute exposure were associated with morbidities and mortalities. Ultimately, GTN could be safe up to the dose of 200 mg/kg, and the dose of 42 mg/kg of GTN was tolerated well.
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Ahmed OM, Fahim HI, Ahmed HY, Al-Muzafar HM, Ahmed RR, Amin KA, El-Nahass ES, Abdelazeem WH. The Preventive Effects and the Mechanisms of Action of Navel Orange Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Naringin, and Naringenin in N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2745352. [PMID: 31049130 PMCID: PMC6458942 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2745352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) or acetaminophen is the most common drug ingredient worldwide. It is found in more than 600 different over-the-counter and prescription medicines. Its long-term and overdose use is highly toxic and may result in liver injury. Thus, this study was designed to assess the preventive effects and to suggest the mechanisms of action of the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. APAP was administered to male Wistar rats at a dose level of 0.5 g/kg body weight (b.w.) by oral gavage every other day for 4 weeks. APAP-administered rats were treated with the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract (50 mg/kg b.w.), naringin (20 mg/kg b.w.), and naringenin (20 mg/kg b.w.) by oral gavage every other day during the same period of APAP administration. The treatments of APAP-administered rats with the peel extract, naringin, and naringenin produced a significant decrease in the elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and GGT activities as well as total bilirubin and TNF-α levels while they induced a significant increase in the lowered serum albumin and IL-4 levels. The treatments also resulted in a significant decrease in the elevated liver lipid peroxidation and enhanced the liver GSH content and SOD, GST, and GPx activities as compared with APAP-administered control; the peel extract was the most potent in improving the liver LPO, GSH content, and GPx activity. In addition, the three treatments significantly downregulated the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediators p53, Bax, and caspase-3 and significantly upregulated the suppressed antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, in APAP-administered rats. In association, the treatments markedly amended the APAP-induced liver histopathological deteriorations that include hepatocyte steatosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis together with mononuclear leucocytic and fibroblastic inflammatory cells' infiltration. In conclusion, the navel orange peel hydroethanolic extract, naringin, and naringenin may exert their hepatopreventive effects in APAP-administered rats via enhancement of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa I. Fahim
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba Y. Ahmed
- Rodents Division, Department of Harmful Animals, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha R. Ahmed
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kamal Adel Amin
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Abdelazeem
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ravi GS, Charyulu RN, Dubey A, Prabhu P, Hebbar S, Mathias AC. Nano-lipid Complex of Rutin: Development, Characterisation and In Vivo Investigation of Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant Activity and Bioavailability Study in Rats. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3631-3649. [PMID: 30280357 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to develop an amphiphilic drug-lipid nano-complex of rutin:egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) to enhance its poor absorption and bioavailability, and investigated the impact of the complex on hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity. Rutin nano-complexes were prepared by solvent evaporation, salting out and lyophilisation methods and compared for the complex formation. For the selected lyophilisation method, principal solvent DMSO, co-solvent (t-butyl alcohol) and rutin:EPC ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) were selected after optimisation. The properties of the nano-complexes such as complexation, thermal behaviour, surface morphology, molecular crystallinity, particle size, zeta potential, drug content, solubility, in vitro stability study, in vitro drug release, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant study, in vivo hepatoprotective activity and oral bioavailability/pharmacokinetic studies were investigated. Rutin nano-complexes were developed successfully via the lyophilisation method and found to be in nanometric range. Rutin nano-complexes significantly improved the solubility and in vitro drug release, and kinetic studies confirmed the diffusion-controlled release of the drug from the formulation. The nano-complex showed better antioxidant activity in vitro and exhibited well in vitro stability in different pH media. The in vivo study showed better hepatoprotective activity of the formulation compared to pure rutin at the same dose levels with improved oral bioavailability. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated animals (group II) failed to restore the normal levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes and liver antioxidant enzyme compared to the nano-complex-treated animals. The results obtained from solubility, hepatoprotective activity and oral bioavailability studies proved the better efficacy of the nano-complex compared to the pure drug.
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Zakaria ZA, Mahmood ND, Mamat SS, Nasir N, Omar MH. Endogenous Antioxidant and LOX-Mediated Systems Contribute to the Hepatoprotective Activity of Aqueous Partition of Methanol Extract of Muntingia calabura L. Leaves against Paracetamol Intoxication. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:982. [PMID: 29497375 PMCID: PMC5818437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol extract of Muntingia calabura L. (family Muntingiaceae) leaf has been reported to exert various pharmacological activities including hepatoprotection. The present study was carried out to identify the most effective hepatoprotective partition derived from the extract and to determine the mechanisms of action involved. The extract was partitioned using solvents with different polarity to yield petroleum ether (PEMC), ethyl acetate (EAMC), and aqueous (AQMC) extracts. Each extract, at 250 mg/kg, was subjected to the paracetamol (PCM)-induced hepatotoxic assay and several parameters such as liver weight, liver/body weight ratio, serum liver enzymes' level, and histopathological examinations were determined. Each partition was also tested for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. The most effective extract (AQMC) was prepared in additional dose of 50 and 500 mg/kg, and then subjected to the same liver toxicity test in addition to the endogenous antioxidant enzymes assay. Moreover, AQMC was also subjected to the phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis. Overall, from the results obtained: AQMC exerted significant (p < 0.05): (i) antioxidant activity when assessed using the DPPH, SOD and ORAC assays with high TPC detected; (ii) anti-inflammatory activity via LOX, but not XO pathway; (iii) hepatoprotective activity indicated by its ability to reverse the effect of PCM on the liver weight and liver/body weight ratio, the level of serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), and activity of several endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT). Phytochemicals analyses demonstrated the presence of several flavonoid-based bioactive compounds such as gallic acid and quercetin, which were reported to possess hepatoprotective activity. In conclusion, AQMC exerts hepatoprotective activity against the PCM-induced toxicity possibly by having a remarkable antioxidant potential and ability to activate the endogenous antioxidant system possibly via the synergistic action of its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Diyana Mahmood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Syariah Mamat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Nurliana Nasir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Glamočlija J, Kostić M, Soković M. Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Activities of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Therapeutic dose of green tea extract provokes liver damage and exacerbates paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through oxidative stress and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:798-811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zárybnický T, Boušová I, Ambrož M, Skálová L. Hepatotoxicity of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Saleh Al-Awthan Y, Ali Al-Duais M, Abdulfatah Hazeb A, Ahmed Alril W. Protective Role of Achillea biebersteinii Pretreatment on Dimethoate Induced Oxidative Stress in Guinea Pigs Liver. Pak J Biol Sci 2017; 20:403-409. [PMID: 29023061 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2017.403.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the influence of Achillea biebersteinii (Ab), a medicinal herb used widely in Yemeni's folk medicine as analgesic, antipyretic, against diarrhea and flatulence and for liver diseases, on the liver antioxidant potential of guinea pigs acutely intoxicated with dimethoate pesticide (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were administered with Ab aqueous extract (50 and 100 mg kg-1 b.wt., orally) or silymarin (100 mg kg-1 b.wt., orally) for 2 weeks followed by single acute DM administration (80 mg kg-1 b.wt., 1/4 of the LD50 orally). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using SPSS. RESULTS The results showed that the treatment with Ab extract significantly lowered the DM induced serum levels of hepatic marker enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP). Liver histopathology also showed that Ab extract reduced the incidence of lesions including the swelling of cells, lymphocytes infiltration, nucleus fragmentation and condensation and necrosis induced by DM treatment in guinea pigs. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that Ab aqueous extract could protect the liver against DM-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Waleed Ahmed Alril
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibb University, 70270 Ibb, Yemen
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