1
|
Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Nadigar S, D CG, Ramesh S. Conjugation as a Tool in Therapeutics: Role of Amino Acids/Peptides-Bioactive (Including Heterocycles) Hybrid Molecules in Treating Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030532. [PMID: 36978399 PMCID: PMC10044335 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are gaining significant momentum in the modern drug discovery, which is witnessed by the approval of new drugs by the FDA in recent years. On the other hand, small molecules-based drugs are an integral part of drug development since the past several decades. Peptide-containing drugs are placed between small molecules and the biologics. Both the peptides as well as the small molecules (mainly heterocycles) pose several drawbacks as therapeutics despite their success in curing many diseases. This gap may be bridged by utilising the so called 'conjugation chemistry', in which both the partners are linked to one another through a stable chemical bond, and the resulting conjugates are found to possess attracting benefits, thus eliminating the stigma associated with the individual partners. Over the past decades, the field of molecular hybridisation has emerged to afford us new and efficient molecular architectures that have shown high promise in medicinal chemistry. Taking advantage of this and also considering our experience in this field, we present herein a review concerning the molecules obtained by the conjugation of peptides (amino acids) to small molecules (heterocycles as well as bioactive compounds). More than 125 examples of the conjugates citing nearly 100 references published during the period 2000 to 2022 having therapeutic applications in curing infectious diseases have been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddaram Nadigar
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Channe Gowda D
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grigoryan KR, Shilajyan HA, Zatikyan A, Aleksanyan I, Hambardzumyan L. Spectroscopic analysis of 2-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-methylquinolin-4-ol binding to blood plasma albumin. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022; 153:507-515. [PMID: 35573272 PMCID: PMC9084270 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Binding of 2-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-6-methylquinolin-4-ol (C1), a biologically active substance, to bovine blood plasma albumin (BSA) at 293, 298, and 303 K was studied using fluorescence (steady state, synchronous, excitation/emission matrix) and FT-IR spectroscopy methods. The experimental results showed that C1 causes fluorescence quenching of BSA through both static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy and entropy change, for the static quenching were calculated to be - 35.73 kJ mol-1 and - 35.34 J mol-1 K-1, which indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions were the predominant intermolecular forces regulating C1-BSA interactions. Distance between donor and acceptor (2.14, 2.26, and 2.30 nm) depending on the temperature, obtained from intrinsic Förster resonance energy transfer calculations, revealed the static quenching mechanism of BSA fluorescence in 0-3.0 × 10-5 mol/dm3 concentration range of C1. The micro-environmental and conformational changes in BSA structure, established by synchronous, excitation/emission matrices and FT-IR spectra showed the changes in the BSA secondary structure. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine R. Grigoryan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Center, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik A. Shilajyan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Center, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ashkhen Zatikyan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Research Center, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Iskuhi Aleksanyan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Research Center, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilit Hambardzumyan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Research Center, YSU, Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nudelman A. Dimeric Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2751-2845. [PMID: 34375175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to summarize the structures of an extensive number of symmetrical-dimeric drugs, having two monomers linked via a bridging entity while emphasizing the large versatility of biologically active substances reported to possess dimeric structures. The largest number of classes of these compounds consist of anticancer agents, antibiotics/antimicrobials, and anti-AIDS drugs. Other symmetrical-dimeric drugs include antidiabetics, antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, anticholesterolemics, estrogenics, antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, anti-Parkisonians, laxatives, antiallergy compounds, cannabinoids, etc. Most of the articles reviewed do not compare the activity/potency of the dimers to that of their corresponding monomers. Only in limited cases, various suggestions have been made to justify unexpected higher activity of the dimers vs. the corresponding monomers. These suggestions include statistical effects, the presence of dimeric receptors, binding of a dimer to two receptors simultaneously, and others. It is virtually impossible to predict which dimers will be preferable to their respective monomers, or which linking bridges will lead to the most active compounds. It is expected that the extensive number of articles summarized, and the large variety of substances mentioned, which display various biological activities, should be of interest to many academic and industrial medicinal chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaurasiya ND, Liu H, Doerksen RJ, Nanayakkara NPD, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Enantioselective Interactions of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics with Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050398. [PMID: 33922294 PMCID: PMC8146505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Aminoquinolines (8-AQs) are an important class of anti-infective therapeutics. The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in metabolism of 8-AQs. A major role for MAO-A in metabolism of primaquine (PQ), the prototypical 8-AQ antimalarial, has been demonstrated. These investigations were further extended to characterize the enantioselective interactions of PQ and NPC1161 (8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-5-[3, 4-dichlorophenoxy]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) with human MAO-A and -B. NPC1161B, the (R)-(−) enantiomer with outstanding potential for malaria radical cure, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and pneumocystis pneumonia infections is poised for clinical development. PQ showed moderate inhibition of human MAO-A and -B. Racemic PQ and (R)-(−)-PQ both showed marginally greater (1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively) inhibition of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. However, (S)-(+)-PQ showed a reverse selectivity with greater inhibition of MAO-B than MAO-A. Racemic NPC1161 was a strong inhibitor of MAOs with 3.7-fold selectivity against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The (S)-(+) enantiomer (NPC1161A) was a better inhibitor of MAO-A and -B compared to the (R)-(−) enantiomer (NPC1161B), with more than 10-fold selectivity for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. The enantioselective interaction of NPC1161 and strong binding of NPC1161A with MAO-B was further confirmed by enzyme-inhibitor binding and computational docking analyses. Differential interactions of PQ and NPC1161 enantiomers with human MAOs may contribute to the enantioselective pharmacodynamics and toxicity of anti-infective 8-AQs therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D. Chaurasiya
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bokosi FRB, Beteck RM, Mbaba M, Mtshare TE, Laming D, Hoppe HC, Khanye SD. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives as potential antiplasmodial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127855. [PMID: 33609655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several classes of antimalarial drugs are currently available, although issues of toxicity and the emergence of drug resistant malaria parasites have reduced their overall therapeutic efficiency. Quinoline based antiplasmodial drugs have unequivocally been long-established and continue to inspire the design of new antimalarial agents. Herein, a series of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives were synthesised through sequential steps; Vilsmeier-Haack, reductive amination, and nucleophilic substitution, and obtained in low to excellent yields. The resulting compounds were investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum, and compounds 40 and 59 emerged as the most promising with IC50 values of 0.23 and 0.93 µM, respectively. The most promising compounds were also evaluated in silico by molecular docking protocols for binding affinity to the {001} fast-growing face of a hemozoin crystal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fostino R B Bokosi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Mziyanda Mbaba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Thanduxolo E Mtshare
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Dustin Laming
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Heinrich C Hoppe
- Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Setshaba D Khanye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Centre for Chemico- and Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moreno-Herrera A, Cortez-Maya S, Bocanegra-Garcia V, Banik BK, Rivera G. Recent Advances in the Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiprotozoal Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:583-606. [PMID: 32124688 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200303170000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Plasmodium spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis, are part of a large list of human parasitic diseases. Together, they cause more than 500 million infections per year. These protozoa parasites affect both low- and high-income countries and their pharmacological treatments are limited. Therefore, new and more effective drugs in preclinical development could improve overall therapy for parasitic infections even when their mechanisms of action are unknown. In this review, a number of heterocyclic compounds (diamidine, guanidine, quinoline, benzimidazole, thiazole, diazanaphthalene, and their derivatives) reported as antiprotozoal agents are discussed as options for developing new pharmacological treatments for parasitic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Moreno-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Sandra Cortez-Maya
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cd. Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Bimal Krishna Banik
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Farmaceutica, Centro de Biotecnologia Genomica, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim YA, Latif A, Kong CS, Seo Y, Dalal SR, Cassera MB, Kingston DGI. Antimalarial diterpenoids from Vitex rotundifolia: Isolation, structure elucidation, and in vitro antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103925. [PMID: 32438132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitex rotundifolia is an important medicinal plant frequently employed in traditional medicines for the treatment of various ailments. Although this plant species has been under exploration for its constituents by various research groups including our own group, no reports were found regarding the antimalarial potential of this plant or of its purified phytochemicals. Phytochemical investigation of this plant yielded three new (1-3) and five known (4-8) diterpenoids. These compounds were purified by modern chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined by advanced spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The in vitro antiplasmodial activities were encouraging, as compounds 2, 6, and 8 were found to have significant IC50 values of 1.2, 1.3 and 11.0 µM, respectively against Plasmodium falciparum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Ah Kim
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Latif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir (L) 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seema R Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Maria B Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alkaloids from Plants with Antimalarial Activity: A Review of Recent Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8749083. [PMID: 32104196 PMCID: PMC7037883 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8749083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the major health problems in developing countries. The disease kills a large number of people every year and also affects financial status of many countries. Resistance of the plasmodium parasite, the causative agent, to the existing drugs, including chloroquine, mefloquine, and artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT), is a serious global issue in malaria treatment and control. This warrants an urgent quest for novel compounds, particularly from natural sources such as medicinal plants. Alkaloids have over the years been recognized as important phytoconstituents with interesting biological properties. In fact, the first successful antimalarial drug was quinine, an alkaloid, which was extracted from Cinchona tree. In the present review work, the alkaloids isolated and reported recently (2013 till 2019) to possess antimalarial activity are presented. Several classes of alkaloids, including terpenoidal, indole, bisindole, quinolone, and isoquinoline alkaloids, were identified with a promising antimalarial activity. It is hoped that the reports of the review work will spur further research into the structural modification and/or development of the interesting compounds as novel antimalarial drugs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Narula AK, Azad CS, Nainwal LM. New dimensions in the field of antimalarial research against malaria resurgence. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Pavić K, Rubinić B, Rajić Z, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Held J, Zorc B. Primaquine homodimers as potential antiplasmodial and anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126614. [PMID: 31431364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Primaquine homodimers, e.g. symmetric PQ-diamides of dicarboxylic acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms, were evaluated against Plasmodium berghei hepatic stages and P. falciparum blood stages, as well as against three cancer cell lines. Novel PQ-homodimers exerted much higher activity against hepatic stages, but less pronounced activity against blood stages in comparison to the parent drug. The submicromolar activity of succinic, fumaric and maleic derivatives against P. berghei was determined (IC50 values: 726.2, 198.1 and 358.4 nM, respectively). Our results indicated that the length and type of spacer between two PQ moieties highly modified the antiproliferative activities of PQ-homodimers. The general antiproliferative activity of the adipic and mesaconic derivatives against three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HCT116, H 460) was observed (GI50 = 1.78-13.7 and 2.36-4.31 µM, respectively), but adipic derivative was less toxic to human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). High selectivity of fumaric and suberic derivatives against breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 was detected. These two compounds have shown no antiproliferative activity against other tumor cells and HEK 293.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Rubinić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quinoline and quinolone dimers and their biological activities: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:101-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
13
|
Anti-Leishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities of a Series of Maleimides: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structure-Activity Relationship. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112878. [PMID: 30400596 PMCID: PMC6278306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 45 maleimides have been synthesized and evaluated for anti-leishmanial activities against L. donovani in vitro and cytotoxicity toward THP1 cells. All compounds exhibited obvious anti-leishmanial activities. Among the tested compounds, there were 10 maleimides with superior anti-leishmanial activities to standard drug amphotericin B, and 32 maleimides with superior anti-leishmanial activities to standard drug pentamidine, especially compounds 16 (IC50 < 0.0128 μg/mL) and 42 (IC50 < 0.0128 μg/mL), which showed extraordinary efficacy in an in vitro test and low cytotoxicities (CC50 > 10 μg/mL). The anti-leishmanial activities of 16 and 42 were 10 times better than that of amphotericin B. The structure and activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that 3,4-non-substituted maleimides displayed the strongest anti-leishmanial activities compared to those for 3-methyl-maleimides and 3,4-dichloro-maleimides. 3,4-dichloro-maleimides were the least cytotoxic compared to 3-methyl-maleimides and 3,4-non-substituted maleimides. The results show that several of the reported compounds are promising leads for potential anti-leishmanial drug development.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jain M, Reddy CVRP, Halder M, Singh S, Kumar R, Wasudeo SG, Singh PP, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Tekwani BL, Jain R. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 8-Quinolinamines and Their Amino Acid Conjugates as Broad-Spectrum Anti-infectives. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3060-3075. [PMID: 30023858 PMCID: PMC6045484 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the search of therapeutic agents for emerging drug-resistant parasites, the synthesis of newer classes of 8-quinolinamines has emerged as a successful chemotherapeutic approach. We report synthesis of 8-quinolinamines bearing 5-alkoxy, 4-methyl, and 2-tert-butyl groups in the quinoline framework and their amino acid conjugates as broad-spectrum anti-infectives. 8-Quinolinamines exhibited potent in vitro antimalarial activity [IC50 = 20-4760 ng/mL (drug-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 strain) and IC50 = 22-4760 ng/mL (drug-resistant P. falciparum W2 strain)]. The most promising analogues have cured all animals at 25 mg/kg/day against drug-sensitive Plasmodium berghei and at 50 mg/kg/day against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infections in Swiss mice. The in vitro antileishmanial activities (IC50 = 0.84-5.0 μg/mL and IC90 = 1.95-7.0 μg/mL) comparable to standard drug pentamidine were exhibited by several of the synthesized 8-quinolinamines. At the same time, very promising antifungal activities (Candida albicans-IC50 = 4.93-19.38 μg/mL; Candida glabrata-IC50 = 3.96-19.22 μg/mL; Candida krusei-IC50 = 2.89-18.95 μg/mL; Cryptococcus neoformans-IC50 = 0.67-18.64 μg/mL; and Aspergillus fumigatus-IC50 = 6.0-19.32 μg/mL) and antibacterial activities (Staphylococcus aureus-IC50 = 1.33-18.9 μg/mL; methicillin-resistant S. aureus-IC50 = 1.38-15.34 μg/mL; and Mycobacterium intracellulare-IC50 = 3.12-20 μg/mL) were also observed. None of the 8-quinolinamines exhibited cytotoxicity and therefore are a promising structural class of compounds as antiparasitic and antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - C. V. Ravi P. Reddy
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Moumita Halder
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Randheer Kumar
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Sagar Gajbe Wasudeo
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Prati Pal Singh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical
Education and Research, Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Levatić J, Pavić K, Perković I, Uzelac L, Ester K, Kralj M, Kaiser M, Rottmann M, Supek F, Zorc B. Machine learning prioritizes synthesis of primaquine ureidoamides with high antimalarial activity and attenuated cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:651-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
16
|
Venkatraj M, Salado IG, Heeres J, Joossens J, Lewi PJ, Caljon G, Maes L, Van der Veken P, Augustyns K. Novel triazine dimers with potent antitrypanosomal activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:306-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
17
|
Hu YQ, Gao C, Zhang S, Xu L, Xu Z, Feng LS, Wu X, Zhao F. Quinoline hybrids and their antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:22-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Aguiar ACC, Figueiredo FJB, Neuenfeldt PD, Katsuragawa TH, Drawanz BB, Cunico W, Sinnis P, Zavala F, Krettli AU. Primaquine-thiazolidinones block malaria transmission and development of the liver exoerythrocytic forms. Malar J 2017; 16:110. [PMID: 28279180 PMCID: PMC5345155 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primaquine is an anti-malarial used to prevent Plasmodium vivax relapses and malaria transmission. However, PQ metabolites cause haemolysis in patients deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Fifteen PQ-thiazolidinone derivatives, synthesized through one-post reactions from primaquine, arenealdehydes and mercaptoacetic acid, were evaluated in parallel in several biological assays, including ability to block malaria transmission to mosquitoes. Results All primaquine derivatives (PQ-TZs) exhibited lower cell toxicity than primaquine; none caused haemolysis to normal or G6PD-deficient human erythrocytes in vitro. Sera from mice pretreated with the test compounds thus assumed to have drug metabolites, caused no in vitro haemolysis of human erythrocytes, whereas sera from mice pretreated with primaquine did cause haemolysis. The ability of the PQ-TZs to block malaria transmission was evaluated based on the oocyst production and percentage of mosquitoes infected after a blood meal in drug pre-treated animals with experimental malaria caused by either Plasmodium gallinaceum or Plasmodium berghei; four and five PQ-TZs significantly inhibited sporogony in avian and in rodent malaria, respectively. Selected PQ-TZs were tested for their inhibitory activity on P. berghei liver stage development, in mice and in vitro, one compound (4m) caused a 3-day delay in the malaria pre-patent period. Conclusions The compound 4m was the most promising, blocking malaria transmissions and reducing the number of exoerythrocytic forms of P. berghei (EEFs) in hepatoma cells in vitro and in mice in vivo. The same compound also caused a 3-day delay in the malaria pre-patent period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1755-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroline C Aguiar
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Flávio Jr B Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Patrícia D Neuenfeldt
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/no, Pelotas, RS, 98001-970, Brazil
| | - Tony H Katsuragawa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-Fiocruz Rondônia, Bairro Lagoa, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Drawanz
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/no, Pelotas, RS, 98001-970, Brazil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Laboratório de Química Aplicada à Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, UFPel, Campus Universitário s/no, Pelotas, RS, 98001-970, Brazil
| | - Photini Sinnis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou-Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azad CS, Saxena M, Siddiqui AJ, Bhardwaj J, Puri SK, Dutta GP, Anand N, Saxena AK. Synthesis of primaquine glyco-conjugates as potential tissue schizontocidal antimalarial agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:254-261. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S. Azad
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Mridula Saxena
- Department of Chemistry; Amity University (Lucknow Campus); Lucknow UP India
| | - Arif J. Siddiqui
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Jyoti Bhardwaj
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Sunil K. Puri
- Division of Parasitology; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Guru P. Dutta
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Nitya Anand
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| | - Anil K. Saxena
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow UP India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ding Y, Liu H, Tekwani BL, Nanayakkara NPD, Khan IA, Walker LA, Doerksen RJ. Methemoglobinemia Hemotoxicity of Some Antimalarial 8-Aminoquinoline Analogues and Their Hydroxylated Derivatives: Density Functional Theory Computation of Ionization Potentials. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1132-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ding
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Haining Liu
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- National Center for Natural Products Research,
Research Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, and ‡Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ribeiro CJ, Espadinha M, Machado M, Gut J, Gonçalves LM, Rosenthal PJ, Prudêncio M, Moreira R, Santos MM. Novel squaramides with in vitro liver stage antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1786-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
22
|
Gavrilova NA, Semichenko ES, Kondrasenko AA, Suboch GA. Synthesis and reduction of N-substituted 5-nitrosoquinolin-8-amines. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801603012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Phopin K, Sinthupoom N, Treeratanapiboon L, Kunwittaya S, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Antimalarial and antimicrobial activities of 8-Aminoquinoline-Uracils metal complexes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:144-52. [PMID: 27103894 PMCID: PMC4834669 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
8-Aminoquinoline (8AQ) derivatives have been reported to have antimalarial, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the potency of 8AQ-5-substituted (iodo and nitro) uracils metal (Mn, Cu, Ni) complexes (1-6) as antimalarial and antimicrobial agents. Interestingly, all of these metal complexes (1-6) showed fair antimalarial activities. Moreover, Cu complexes 2 (8AQ-Cu-5Iu) and 5 (8AQ-Cu-5Nu) exerted antimicrobial activities against Gram-negative bacteria including P. shigelloides and S. dysenteriae. The results reveal application of 8AQ and its metal complexes as potential compounds to be further developed as novel antimalarial and antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamonrat Phopin
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nujarin Sinthupoom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Lertyot Treeratanapiboon
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sarun Kunwittaya
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, and Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ghodsinia SSE, Akhlaghinia B. A high-yielding, expeditious, and multicomponent synthesis of urea and carbamate derivatives by using triphenylphosphine/trichloroisocyanuric acid system. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1085038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. E. Ghodsinia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Batool Akhlaghinia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kedzierska E, Orzelska J, Perković I, Knežević D, Fidecka S, Kaiser M, Zorc B. Pharmacological effects of primaquine ureas and semicarbazides on the central nervous system in mice and antimalarial activity in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:58-69. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kedzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Jolanta Orzelska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Ivana Perković
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Danijel Knežević
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sylwia Fidecka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy; Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Branka Zorc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar S, Singh RK, Patial B, Goyal S, Bhardwaj TR. Recent advances in novel heterocyclic scaffolds for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:173-86. [PMID: 25775094 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1016513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem all over the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries due to the development of resistance and most deadly infection is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. There is a direct need for the discovery of new drugs with unique structures and mechanism of action to treat sensitive and drug-resistant strains of various plasmodia for radical cure of this disease. Traditional compounds such as quinine and related derivatives represent a major source for the development of new drugs. This review presents recent modifications of 4-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinolone rings as leads to novel active molecules which are under clinical trials. The review also encompasses the other heterocyclic compounds emerged as potential antimalarial agents with promising results such as acridinediones and acridinone analogues, pyridines and quinolones as antimalarials. Miscellaneous heterocyclics such as tetroxane derivatives, indole derivatives, imidazolopiperazine derivatives, biscationic choline-based compounds and polymer-linked combined antimalarial drugs are also discussed. At last brief introduction to heterocyclics in natural products is also reviewed. Most of them have been under clinical trials and found to be promising in the treatment of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium and others can be explored for the same purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Indo-Soviet Friendship (I.S.F.) College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India .,b Faculty of Pharmacy , Punjab Technical University , Jalandhar, Kapurthala , India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Shivalik College of Pharmacy , Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar , Punjab , India , and
| | - Babita Patial
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Indo-Soviet Friendship (I.S.F.) College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Sachin Goyal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Indo-Soviet Friendship (I.S.F.) College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - T R Bhardwaj
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Indo-Soviet Friendship (I.S.F.) College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India .,d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu H, Ding Y, Walker LA, Doerksen RJ. Computational Study on the Effect of Exocyclic Substituents on the Ionization Potential of Primaquine: Insights into the Design of Primaquine-Based Antimalarial Drugs with Less Methemoglobin Generation. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:169-74. [PMID: 25222923 PMCID: PMC4332040 DOI: 10.1021/tx500230t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The effect of an
exocyclic substituent on the ionization potential
of primaquine, an important antimalarial drug, was investigated using
density functional theory methods. It was found that an electron-donating
group (EDG) makes the ionization potential decrease. In contrast,
an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) makes the ionization potential
increase. Among all the exocyclic positions, a substituent at the
5- or 7-position has the largest effect. This can be explained by
the contribution of the atomic orbitals at those positions to the
highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). In addition, a substituent
at the N8-position has a considerably large effect on the ionization
potential because this atom makes the second largest contribution
to the HOMO. These findings have potential implications for the design
of less hemotoxic antimalarial drugs. We suggest that it is worth
considering placement of an EWG at the 5-, 7-, or N8-positions of
primaquine in future drug discovery attempts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and ‡the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Yuanqing Ding
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and ‡the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Larry A Walker
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and ‡the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and ‡the National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jones RA, Panda SS, Hall CD. Quinine conjugates and quinine analogues as potential antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:335-55. [PMID: 25683799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, prevalent in Southeast Asia and Africa, resulting in over half a million deaths annually; efforts to develop new antimalarial agents are therefore particularly important. Quinine continues to play a role in the fight against malaria, but quinoline derivatives are more widely used. Drugs based on the quinoline scaffold include chloroquine and primaquine, which are able to act against the blood and liver stages of the parasite's life cycle. The purpose of this review is to discuss reported biologically active compounds based on either the quinine or quinoline scaffold that may have enhanced antimalarial activity. The review emphasises hybrid molecules, and covers advances made in the last five years. The review is divided into three sections: modifications to the quinine scaffold, modifications to aminoquinolines and finally metal-containing antimalarial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Jones
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Siva S Panda
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| | - C Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Teixeira C, Vale N, Pérez B, Gomes A, Gomes JRB, Gomes P. "Recycling" classical drugs for malaria. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11164-220. [PMID: 25329927 DOI: 10.1021/cr500123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Pérez
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José R B Gomes
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro , P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Davanço MG, Aguiar ACC, dos Santos LA, Padilha EC, Campos ML, de Andrade CR, da Fonseca LM, dos Santos JL, Chin CM, Krettli AU, Peccinini RG. Evaluation of antimalarial activity and toxicity of a new primaquine prodrug. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105217. [PMID: 25133630 PMCID: PMC4136845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent of the five species causing malaria in humans. The current available treatment for P. vivax malaria is limited and unsatisfactory due to at least two drawbacks: the undesirable side effects of primaquine (PQ) and drug resistance to chloroquine. Phenylalanine-alanine-PQ (Phe-Ala-PQ) is a PQ prodrug with a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile compared to PQ. The toxicity of this prodrug was evaluated in in vitro assays using a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), a monkey kidney cell line (BGM), and human red blood cells deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD). In addition, in vivo toxicity assays were performed with rats that received multiple doses of Phe-Ala-PQ to evaluate biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters. The activity was assessed by the inhibition of the sporogonic cycle using a chicken malaria parasite. Phe-Ala-PQ blocked malaria transmission in Aedes mosquitoes. When compared with PQ, it was less cytotoxic to BGM and HepG2 cells and caused less hemolysis of G6PD-deficient red blood cells at similar concentrations. The prodrug caused less alteration in the biochemical parameters than did PQ. Histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney did show differences between the control and Phe-Ala-PQ-treated groups, but they were not statistically significant. Taken together, the results highlight the prodrug as a novel lead compound candidate for the treatment of P. vivax malaria and as a blocker of malaria transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gomes Davanço
- Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Alves dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias Carvalho Padilha
- Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Leandro Campos
- Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos – Lapdesf, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chung Man Chin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos – Lapdesf, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosangela Gonçalves Peccinini
- Departamento de Princípios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kanani MB, Patel MP. Design and synthesis of new (bis)trifluoromethyl-promoted N-aryl biquinoline derivatives as antitubercular and antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Bogolubsky AV, Moroz YS, Mykhailiuk PK, Granat DS, Pipko SE, Konovets AI, Doroschuk R, Tolmachev A. Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate as a condensing agent in one-pot parallel synthesis of unsymmetrical aliphatic ureas. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:303-8. [PMID: 24693957 DOI: 10.1021/co500025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
One-pot parallel synthesis of unsymmetrical aliphatic ureas was achieved with bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate. The procedure worked well for both the monosubstituted and functionalized alkyl amines and required no special conditions (temperature control, order, or rate of addition). A library of 96 diverse ureas was easily synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yurii S. Moroz
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Matrosova Street, Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
- ChemBioCenter, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 61 Chervonotkatska
Street, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Matrosova Street, Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska
Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmitry S. Granat
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Matrosova Street, Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska
Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Sergey E. Pipko
- ChemBioCenter, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 61 Chervonotkatska
Street, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Anzhelika I. Konovets
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Matrosova Street, Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
- The
Institute of High Technologies, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 4 Glushkov Street, Building 5, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | - Roman Doroschuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 64 Volodymyrska
Street, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrey Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd., 23 Matrosova Street, Kyiv, 01103, Ukraine
- ChemBioCenter, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 61 Chervonotkatska
Street, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao W, Li Y, Wang S. A facile synthesis of bisquinoline derivatives via the Williamson reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Manohar S, Pepe A, Vélez Gerena CE, Zayas B, Malhotra SV, Rawat DS. Anticancer activity of 4-aminoquinoline-triazine based molecular hybrids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
35
|
Aditya N, Vathsala P, Vieira V, Murthy R, Souto E. Advances in nanomedicines for malaria treatment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 201-202:1-17. [PMID: 24192063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease that mainly affects children and pregnant women from tropical countries. The mortality rate of people infected with malaria per year is enormous and became a public health concern. The main factor that has contributed to the success of malaria proliferation is the increased number of drug resistant parasites. To counteract this trend, research has been done in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, for the development of new biocompatible systems capable of incorporating drugs, lowering the resistance progress, contributing for diagnosis, control and treatment of malaria by target delivery. In this review, we discussed the main problems associated with the spread of malaria and the most recent developments in nanomedicine for anti-malarial drug delivery.
Collapse
|
36
|
Belorgey D, Lanfranchi DA, Davioud-Charvet E. 1,4-naphthoquinones and other NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase-catalyzed redox cyclers as antimalarial agents. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:2512-28. [PMID: 23116403 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319140003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The homodimeric flavoenzyme glutathione reductase catalyzes NADPH-dependent glutathione disulfide reduction. This reaction is important for keeping the redox homeostasis in human cells and in the human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum. Different types of NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase inhibitors were designed in various chemical series to evaluate the impact of each inhibition mode on the propagation of the parasites. Against malaria parasites in cultures the most potent and specific effects were observed for redox-active agents acting as subversive substrates for both glutathione reductases of the Plasmodium-infected red blood cells. In their oxidized form, these redox-active compounds are reduced by NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme-catalyzed reactions in the cytosol of infected erythrocytes. In their reduced forms, these compounds can reduce molecular oxygen to reactive oxygen species, or reduce oxidants like methemoglobin, the major nutrient of the parasite, to indigestible hemoglobin. Furthermore, studies on a fluorinated suicide-substrate of the human glutathione reductase indicate that the glutathione reductase-catalyzed bioactivation of 3-benzylnaphthoquinones to the corresponding reduced 3-benzoyl metabolites is essential for the observed antimalarial activity. In conclusion, the antimalarial lead naphthoquinones are suggested to perturb the major redox equilibria of the targeted cells. These effects result in developmental arrest of the parasite and contribute to the removal of the parasitized erythrocytes by macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Belorgey
- European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), UMR7509 CNRS - Universite de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahmed N, Brahmbhatt KG, Khan SI, Jacob M, Tekwani BL, Sabde S, Mitra D, Singh IP, Khan IA, Bhutani KK. Synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic guanidine analogues of batzelladine K for antimalarial, antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-HIV activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:491-8. [PMID: 23534411 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fifty analogues of batzelladine K were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum), antileishmanial (Leishmania donovani), antimicrobial (panel of bacteria and fungi), antiviral (HIV-1) activities. Analogues 14h and 20l exhibited potential antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive D6 strain with IC(50) 1.25 and 0.88 μM and chloroquine-resistant W2 strain with IC(50) 1.64 and 1.07 μM, respectively. Analogues 12c and 14c having nonyl substitution showed the most potent antileishmanial activity with IC(50) 2.39 and 2.78 μM and IC(90) 11.27 and 12.76 μM, respectively. Three analogues 12c, 14c, and 14i were the most active against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi with IC(50) < 3.02 μM and MIC/MBC/MFC <6 μM. Analogue 20l having pentyl and methyl substituents on tricycle showed promising activities against all pathogens. However, none was found active against HIV-1. Our study demonstrated that the tricyclic guanidine compounds provide new structural class for broad spectrum activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmed
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gorka AP, Jacobs LM, Roepe PD. Cytostatic versus cytocidal profiling of quinoline drug combinations via modified fixed-ratio isobologram analysis. Malar J 2013; 12:332. [PMID: 24044530 PMCID: PMC3874740 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug combination therapy is the frontline of malaria treatment. There is an ever-accelerating need for new, efficacious combination therapies active against drug resistant malaria. Proven drugs already in the treatment pipeline, such as the quinolines, are important components of current combination therapy and also present an attractive test bank for rapid development of new concepts. Methods The efficacy of several drug combinations versus chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains was measured using both cytostatic and cytocidal potency assays. Conclusions These screens identify quinoline and non-quinoline pairs that exhibit synergy, additivity, or antagonism using the fixed-ratio isobologram method and find tafenoquine – methylene blue combination to be the most synergistic. Also, interestingly, for selected pairs, additivity, synergy, or antagonism defined by quantifying IC50 (cytostatic potency) does not necessarily predict similar behaviour when potency is defined by LD50 (cytocidal potency). These data further support an evolving new model for quinoline anti-malarials, wherein haem and haemozoin are the principle target for cytostatic activity, but may not be the only target relevant for cytocidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Gorka
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular, & Molecular Biology, and Center for Infectious Disease, Georgetown University, 37th and 'O' Sts, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu H, Ding Y, Walker LA, Doerksen RJ. Effect of antimalarial drug primaquine and its derivatives on the ionization potential of hemoglobin: A QM/MM study. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:1145-1147. [PMID: 23914290 PMCID: PMC3728702 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We used quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations to test if antimalarial primaquine (PQ) and its derivatives aid the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by binding to hemoglobin and merely lowering hemoglobin's ionization potential (IP). Our results showed that PQ and its derivatives do not significantly lower the hemoglobin IP, disproving the hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Yuanqing Ding
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Increase of leishmanicidal and tubercular activities using steroids linked to aminoquinoline. Org Med Chem Lett 2012; 2:16. [PMID: 22551300 PMCID: PMC3566914 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Aminoquinoline/steroid conjugates were synthesized based on the fact that steroid transporters have been shown to accept and carry a variety of drugs. So, in continuing our research of antileishmanial and antitubercular drugs, aminoquinoline/steroid conjugates (12, 13, and 14) were regioselectively synthesized via 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkynes 3, 5, and 7 with azide 12. The aminoquinoline/steroids conjugates were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania major and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS Regioselective synthesis of the novel aminoquinoline/steroid conjugates was achieved in very high yield. All aminoquinoline/steroid conjugates (12, 13, and 14) exhibited best results against Leishmania and M. tuberculosis than the respective alkyne intermediate structures (3, 5, and 7, respectively). Among them, the compound 12 exhibited the best activity for M. tuberculosis (MIC = 8.8 μM). This result is comparable to drugs commonly used in tuberculosis treatment. Also, for antileishmanial assay, the aminoquinoline/steroid conjugates demonstrated a significant activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. major. CONCLUSIONS Addition of a steroid group to aminoquinoline molecules enhanced the leishmanicidal and antitubercular activities. These results highlight the importance of steroids as carrier.
Collapse
|
41
|
Paul N, Murugavel M, Muthusubramanian S, Sriram D. Camphorsulfonic acid catalysed facile tandem double Friedlander annulation protocol for the synthesis of phenoxy linked bisquinoline derivatives and discovery of antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1643-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
42
|
Abstract
Novel conjugates of the antimalarial drug primaquine (compound 1) with ferrocene, named primacenes, have been synthesized and screened for their activities against blood stage and liver stage malaria in vitro and host-vector transmission in vivo. Both transmission-blocking and blood-schizontocidal activities of the parent drug were conserved only in primacenes bearing a basic aliphatic amine group. Liver stage activity did not require this structural feature, and all metallocenes tested were comparable to or better than primaquine in this regard. Remarkably, the replacement of primaquine's aliphatic chain by hexylferrocene, as in compound 7, led to a ~45-fold-higher level activity against liver stage parasitemia than that of primaquine.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun XY, He XJ, Pan CY, Liu YP, Zou YP. Synthesis and study of the antidepressant activity of novel 4,5-dihydro-7-alkoxy(phenoxy)-tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoline derivatives. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|