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Dhameliya TM, Vekariya DD, Bhatt PR, Kachroo T, Virani KD, Patel KR, Bhatt S, Dholakia SP. Synthetic account on indoles and their analogues as potential anti-plasmodial agents. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8. [PMID: 38709459 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria caused by P. falciparum, has been recognized as one of the major infectious diseases causing the death of several patients as per the reports from the World Health Organization. In search of effective therapeutic agents against malaria, several research groups have started working on the design and development of novel heterocycles as anti-malarial agents. Heterocycles have been recognized as the pharmacophoric features for the different types of medicinally important activities. Among all these heterocycles, nitrogen containing aza-heterocycles should not be underestimated owing to their wide therapeutic window. Amongst the aza-heterocycles, indoles and fused indoles such as marinoquinolines, isocryptolepines and their regioisomers, manzamines, neocryptolenines, and indolones have been recognized as anti-malarial agents active against P. falciparum. The present work unleashes the synthetic attempts of anti-malarial indoles and fused indoles through cyclocondensation, Fischer-indole synthesis, etc. along with the brief discussions on structure-activity relationships, in vitro or in vivo studies for the broader interest of these medicinal chemists, working on their design and development as potential anti-malarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India.
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Drashtiben D Vekariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja R Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Kachroo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kumkum D Virani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushi R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shelly Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip P Dholakia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
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Mendogralo EY, Nesterova LY, Nasibullina ER, Shcherbakov RO, Tkachenko AG, Sidorov RY, Sukonnikov MA, Skvortsov DA, Uchuskin MG. The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-(1 H-Indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3 H)-One Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5348. [PMID: 37513221 PMCID: PMC10384628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of many bacterial diseases remains a significant problem due to the increasing antibiotic resistance of their infectious agents. Among others, this is related to Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present article, we report on antibacterial compounds with activity against both S. aureus and MRSA. A straightforward approach to 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and their analogues was developed. Their structural and functional relationships were also considered. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA ATCC 43300, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and their role in the inhibition of the biofilm formation of S. aureus were reported. 2-(5-Iodo-1H-indol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (3k) showed a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.98 μg/mL against MRSA. The synthesized compounds were assessed via molecular docking for their ability to bind long RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog) proteins using mycobacterial and streptococcal (p)ppGpp synthetase structures as models. The cytotoxic activity of some synthesized compounds was studied. Compounds 3c, f, g, k, r, and 3z displayed significant antiproliferative activities against all the cancer cell lines tested. Indolylquinazolinones 3b, 3e, and 3g showed a preferential suppression of the growth of rapidly dividing A549 cells compared to slower growing fibroblasts of non-tumor etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Mendogralo
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Larisa Y Nesterova
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | | | - Roman O Shcherbakov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Roman Y Sidorov
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goleva St. 13, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Maxim A Sukonnikov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, Bukireva St. 15, 614990 Perm, Russia
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Ong HW, Adderley J, Tobin AB, Drewry DH, Doerig C. Parasite and host kinases as targets for antimalarials. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:151-169. [PMID: 36942408 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2185511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The deployment of Artemisinin-based combination therapies and transmission control measures led to a decrease in the global malaria burden over the recent decades. Unfortunately, this trend is now reversing, in part due to resistance against available treatments, calling for the development of new drugs against untapped targets to prevent cross-resistance. AREAS COVERED In view of their demonstrated druggability in noninfectious diseases, protein kinases represent attractive targets. Kinase-focussed antimalarial drug discovery is facilitated by the availability of kinase-targeting scaffolds and large libraries of inhibitors, as well as high-throughput phenotypic and biochemical assays. We present an overview of validated Plasmodium kinase targets and their inhibitors, and briefly discuss the potential of host cell kinases as targets for host-directed therapy. EXPERT OPINION We propose priority research areas, including (i) diversification of Plasmodium kinase targets (at present most efforts focus on a very small number of targets); (ii) polypharmacology as an avenue to limit resistance (kinase inhibitors are highly suitable in this respect); and (iii) preemptive limitation of resistance through host-directed therapy (targeting host cell kinases that are required for parasite survival) and transmission-blocking through targeting sexual stage-specific kinases as a strategy to protect curative drugs from the spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wee Ong
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jack Adderley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Rmit University, Bundoora VIC Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David H Drewry
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Christian Doerig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Rmit University, Bundoora VIC Australia
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Geng H, Chen F, Zhao Y, Guo B, Tang L, Yang YY. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of Meridianin A-G and Derivatives and Its Antibiofilm Evaluation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3927-3934. [PMID: 36815756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a protecting-group-free protocol was developed to realize a time and step economy diversification of the Meridianin alkaloid. A broad range of substituents are tolerated to deliver the products in moderate to high yields, and the first synthesis of Meridianin B was achieved. The simplicity of this protocol enables the rapid construction of a Meridianin derivative library for antibiofilm evaluation. Preliminary results reveal that Meridianin derivatives were capable of inhibiting the Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm and lowering the antibiotic MIC synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
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Kruppa M, Müller TJJ. A Survey on the Synthesis of Variolins, Meridianins, and Meriolins-Naturally Occurring Marine (aza)Indole Alkaloids and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030947. [PMID: 36770618 PMCID: PMC9920529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine natural products are a source of essential significance due to a plethora of highly diverse biological properties. The naturally occurring (aza)indole alkaloids variolin B (1), meridianins (2), and their synthetic hybrids meriolins (3) exhibit potent kinase inhibitory activities and have aroused considerable interest in the past two decades. Therefore, the immense demand for versatile synthetic accesses to these structures has considerably increased. This review surveys the synthetic pathways to these naturally occurring alkaloids and their semisynthetic derivatives.
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Xiao L. A Review: Meridianins and Meridianins Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248714. [PMID: 36557848 PMCID: PMC9781522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meridianins are a family of indole alkaloids derived from Antarctic tunicates with extensive pharmacological activities. A series of meridianin derivatives had been synthesized by drug researchers. This article reviews the extraction and purification methods, biological activities and pharmacological applications, pharmacokinetic characters and chemical synthesis of meridianins and their derivatives. And prospects on discovering new bioactivities of meridianins and optimizing their structure for the improvement of the ADMET properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxia Xiao
- School of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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Mallaupoma LRC, Dias BKDM, Singh MK, Honorio RI, Nakabashi M, Kisukuri CDM, Paixão MW, Garcia CRS. Decoding the Role of Melatonin Structure on Plasmodium falciparum Human Malaria Parasites Synchronization Using 2-Sulfenylindoles Derivatives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050638. [PMID: 35625565 PMCID: PMC9138683 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin acts to synchronize the parasite’s intraerythrocytic cycle by triggering the phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-IP3) signaling cascade. Compounds with an indole scaffold impair in vitro proliferation of blood-stage malaria parasites, indicating that this class of compounds is potentially emerging antiplasmodial drugs. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the alkyl and aryl thiol moieties of 14 synthetic indole compounds against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Four compounds (3, 26, 18, 21) inhibited the growth of P. falciparum (3D7) by 50% at concentrations below 20 µM. A set of 2-sulfenylindoles also showed activity against Dd2 parasites. Our data suggest that Dd2 parasites are more susceptible to compounds 20 and 28 than 3D7 parasites. These data show that 2-sulfenylindoles are promising antimalarials against chloroquine-resistant parasite strains. We also evaluated the effects of the 14 compounds on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain and their ability to interfere with the effect of 100 nM melatonin on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain. Our results showed that compounds 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, and 20 slightly increased the effect of melatonin by increasing parasitemia by 8–20% compared with that of melatonin-only-treated 3D7 parasites. Moreover, we found that melatonin modulates the expression of kinase-related signaling components giving additional evidence to investigate inhibitors that can block melatonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenna Rosanie Cordero Mallaupoma
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Bárbara Karina de Menezes Dias
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maneesh Kumar Singh
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Rute Isabel Honorio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Camila de Menezes Kisukuri
- Centro de Excelência para Pesquisa em Química Sustentável (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (C.d.M.K.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Márcio Weber Paixão
- Centro de Excelência para Pesquisa em Química Sustentável (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (C.d.M.K.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Celia R. S. Garcia
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Myslivecek J. Dopamine and Dopamine-Related Ligands Can Bind Not Only to Dopamine Receptors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050606. [PMID: 35629274 PMCID: PMC9147915 DOI: 10.3390/life12050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is one of the most important neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). It acts mainly by activation of the D1-like receptor family at the target cell. Additionally, fine-tuning of the signal is achieved via pre-synaptic modulation by the D2-like receptor family. Some dopamine drugs (both agonists and antagonists) bind in addition to DRs also to α2-ARs and 5-HT receptors. Unfortunately, these compounds are often considered subtype(s) specific. Thus, it is important to consider the presence of these receptor subtypes in specific CNS areas as the function virtually elicited by one receptor type could be an effect of other—or the co-effect of multiple receptors. However, there are enough molecules with adequate specificity. In this review, we want to give an overview of the most common off-targets for established dopamine receptor ligands. To give an overall picture, we included a discussion on subtype selectivity. Molecules used as antipsychotic drugs are reviewed too. Therefore, we will summarize reported affinities and give an outline of molecules sufficiently specific for one or more subtypes (i.e., for subfamily), the presence of DR, α2-ARs, and 5-HT receptors in CNS areas, which could help avoid ambiguous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Myslivecek
- Institute of Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 5, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Design, Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Meridianin Derivatives as Novel JAK/STAT3 Signaling Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042199. [PMID: 35216314 PMCID: PMC8875316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is an attractive therapeutic target for tumor therapy. Herein, forty-eight novel meridianin derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their antitumor activity was evaluated in vitro both for activity optimization and structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. The results indicated that most derivatives exhibited significantly improved antitumor activity, especially for compound 6e. The compound 6e contains an isothiouronium linked by an alkyl chain consisting of six carbon atoms with IC50 ranging from 1.11 to 2.80 μM on various cancer cell lines. Consistently, the 6e dose dependently induced the apoptosis of A549 and DU145 cells, in which STAT3 is constitutively active. Western blotting assays indicated that the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 were inhibited by 6e at 5 μM without significant change in the total STAT3 level. Moreover, 6e also suppressed the expression of STAT3 downstream genes, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL at 10 μM. An additional in vivo study revealed that 6e at the dose of 10 mg/kg could potently inhibit the DU145 xenograft tumor without obvious body weight loss. These results clearly indicate that 6e could be a potential antitumor agent by targeting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Tempone AG, Pieper P, Borborema SET, Thevenard F, Lago JHG, Croft SL, Anderson EA. Marine alkaloids as bioactive agents against protozoal neglected tropical diseases and malaria. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2214-2235. [PMID: 34913053 PMCID: PMC8672869 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 up to 2021Natural products are an important resource in drug discovery, directly or indirectly delivering numerous small molecules for potential development as human medicines. Among the many classes of natural products, alkaloids have a rich history of therapeutic applications. The extensive chemodiversity of alkaloids found in the marine environment has attracted considerable attention for such uses, while the scarcity of these natural materials has stimulated efforts towards their total synthesis. This review focuses on the biological activity of marine alkaloids (covering 2000 to up to 2021) towards Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) caused by protozoan parasites, and malaria. Chemotherapy represents the only form of treatment for Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and malaria, but there is currently a restricted arsenal of drugs, which often elicit severe adverse effects, show variable efficacy or resistance, or are costly. Natural product scaffolds have re-emerged as a focus of academic drug discovery programmes, offering a different resource to discover new chemical entities with new modes of action. In this review, the potential of a range of marine alkaloids is analyzed, accompanied by coverage of synthetic efforts that enable further studies of key antiprotozoal natural product scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Pauline Pieper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Samanta E T Borborema
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Joao Henrique G Lago
- Centre of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Sao Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Simon L Croft
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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Zhang G, Xiao L, Qi L. Metabolite Profiling of Meridianin C In Vivo of Rat by UHPLC/Q-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:1382421. [PMID: 34721922 PMCID: PMC8553504 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1382421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Meridianin C (MC), as a marine alkaloid, is a potent protein kinase inhibitor which exhibits good anticancer activity. However, the in vivo metabolism of MC has not been described to date. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF MS) method is employed to investigate the in vivo metabolites of MC in rats. Plasma, bile, urine, and feces are collected after a single oral dose of MC. Protein precipitation, solid phase extraction (SPE), and ultrasonic extraction methods are used to prepare samples. Based on the mass spectral fragmentation patterns, elution order, and retrieving literatures, a total of 13 metabolites of MC were detected and tentatively identified, utilizing MetaboLynx software. The metabolic pathways of MC in rats include N- or O-glucuronidation, O-sulfation, N-hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, and trihydroxylation. The relative content of the metabolites in each kinds of biological samples is also evaluated. This study will help to understand the in vivo properties of MC for the future usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 283 South of Republic Road, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Linxia Xiao
- Department of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 283 South of Republic Road, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, 283 South of Republic Road, Yancheng 224005, China
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Podlewska S, Bugno R, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Bojarski AJ, Handzlik J. Low Basicity as a Characteristic for Atypical Ligands of Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031035. [PMID: 33494248 PMCID: PMC7864501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors are extensively examined by academic and industrial researchers, due to their vital roles, which they play in the organism and constituting therefore important drug targets. Up to very recently, it was assumed that the basic nitrogen in compound structure is a necessary component to make it active within this receptor system. Such nitrogen interacts in its protonated form with the aspartic acid from the third transmembrane helix (D3x32) forming a hydrogen bond tightly fitting the ligand in the protein binding site. However, there are several recent studies that report strong serotonin receptor affinity also for compounds without a basic moiety in their structures. In the study, we carried out a comprehensive in silico analysis of the low-basicity phenomenon of the selected serotonin receptor ligands. We focused on the crystallized representatives of the proteins of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, and examined the problem both from the ligand- and structure-based perspectives. The study was performed for the native proteins, and for D3x32A mutants. The investigation resulted in the determination of nonstandard structural requirements for activity towards serotonin receptors, which can be used in the design of new nonbasic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
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Dong J, Huang SS, Hao YN, Wang ZW, Liu YX, Li YQ, Wang QM. Marine-natural-products for biocides development: first discovery of meridianin alkaloids as antiviral and anti-phytopathogenic-fungus agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3369-3376. [PMID: 31756256 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food is an important strategic material related to national economy and people's livelihood. Plant diseases seriously affect crop yield and quality. Marine natural products are an important source for novel drugs discovery. In this work, meridianin alkaloids were selected as the parent structure. A series of meridianin alkaloid analogues were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activities and fungicidal activities. RESULT These compounds were found to have good antiviral and fungicidal activities for the first time. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) research revealed that introducing bromine atom at the 5-position of indole ring is beneficial to antiviral activity, but introducing methoxy group is not conducive. Introducing bromine atom at the 6-position of indole ring or nitrogen atom at the 7-position of the indole ring resulted in lower antiviral activity. Most of the meridianin derivatives showed higher anti-TMV activities at 500 μg mL-1 than Ribavirin, especially for compounds 6c, 8a and 10a. All of the compounds also displayed broad spectrum fungicidal activities against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi at 50 μg mL-1 . CONCLUSION Compound 6c with relatively simple structure and excellent antiviral activity, which is similar to that of Ningnanmycin, emerged as novel anti-TMV lead compound. Compound 5d with broad spectrum and high effect fungicidal activity emerged as a new fungicidal lead compound. Current research lays a solid foundation for the application of meridianin alkaloids in crop protection. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Li J, Sun X, Li J, Yu F, Zhang Y, Huang X, Jiang F. The antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids and hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000131. [PMID: 32785974 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue‐Ying Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Sun
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jing‐Jing Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Fen Yu
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiu‐Juan Huang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Feng‐Xia Jiang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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15
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Kalaria PN, Karad SC, Raval DK. A review on diverse heterocyclic compounds as the privileged scaffolds in antimalarial drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:917-936. [PMID: 30261467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The upward extend of malaria collectively with the emergence of resistance against predictable drugs has put enormous pressure on public health systems to introduce new malaria treatments. Heterocycles play an important role in the design and discovery of new malaria active compounds. Heterocyclic compounds have attracted significant attention for malaria treatment because of simplicity of parallelization and the examining power with regard to chemical space. Introduction of a variety of heterocyclic compounds have enabled to maintain the high levels of antimalarial potency observed for other more lipophilic analogues whilst improving the solubility and the oral bioavailability in pre-clinical species. In this review, we present an overview of recent literature to provide imminent into the applications of different heterocyclic scaffolds in fighting against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush N Kalaria
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sharad C Karad
- Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Dipak K Raval
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388120, Gujarat, India.
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Abstract
In the present investigation, a simple and facile synthetic strategy for the construction of a series of structurally interesting tricyclic-fused N-alkyl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indol-2-amines has been successfully achieved. Our synthesis, based on the annulation reaction between readily available 2-chloroindole-3-carbaldehydes or 3-acetyl-2-chloroindoles and guanidine nitrate using KOH as the base in refluxing EtOH medium, has the attractive features such as mild and economical reaction conditions and easy handing with lesser impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Gao
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Superfine Chemicals, Bohai University, Keji Street, Jinzhou, 121000, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Khurana L, Fu BQ, Duddupudi AL, Liao YH, Immadi SS, Kendall DA, Lu D. Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas: Identification of New Lead Compounds as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB 1. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1089-1104. [PMID: 28059509 PMCID: PMC5724760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The allosteric modulator 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and antagonized G protein coupling. This compound demonstrated potent anorectic effects similar to the CB1 antagonist rimonabant that once was marketed for the treatment of obesity, suggesting a new chemical entity for the discovery of antiobesity drugs. To increase structural diversity of this class of CB1 ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogues, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring. These positively modulate the binding of the CB1 orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagonism of G-protein coupling activity. Interestingly, compounds 7d and 8d demonstrated ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated via β-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-dependent manner. These can serve as new lead compounds for the future development of CB1 allosteric modulators that show biased agonism and potentially antiobesity behavior via a new mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leepakshi Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Bo-Qiao Fu
- Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Anantha L. Duddupudi
- Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Yu-Hsien Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Sri Sujana Immadi
- Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Debra A. Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Dai Lu
- Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, Texas 78363, United States
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18
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Palanisamy SK, Rajendran NM, Marino A. Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:1-111. [PMID: 28097641 PMCID: PMC5315671 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994-2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from <3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11-12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - N M Rajendran
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
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19
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Chemical Synthesis of Meridianins and Related Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63930-1.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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20
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Yadav RR, Khan SI, Singh S, Khan IA, Vishwakarma RA, Bharate SB. Synthesis, antimalarial and antitubercular activities of meridianin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:160-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Waterman C, Calcul L, Beau J, Ma WS, Lebar MD, von Salm JL, Harter C, Mutka T, Morton LC, Maignan P, Barisic B, van Olphen A, Kyle DE, Vrijmoed L, Pang KL, Pearce CJ, Baker BJ. Miniaturized Cultivation of Microbiota for Antimalarial Drug Discovery. Med Res Rev 2014; 36:144-68. [PMID: 25545963 DOI: 10.1002/med.21335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing search for effective antiplasmodial agents remains essential in the fight against malaria worldwide. Emerging parasitic drug resistance places an urgent need to explore chemotherapies with novel structures and mechanisms of action. Natural products have historically provided effective antimalarial drug scaffolds. In an effort to search nature's chemical potential for antiplasmodial agents, unconventionally sourced organisms coupled with innovative cultivation techniques were utilized. Approximately 60,000 niche microbes from various habitats (slow-growing terrestrial fungi, Antarctic microbes, and mangrove endophytes) were cultivated on a small-scale, extracted, and used in high-throughput screening to determine antimalarial activity. About 1% of crude extracts were considered active and 6% partially active (≥ 67% inhibition at 5 and 50 μg/mL, respectively). Active extracts (685) were cultivated on a large-scale, fractionated, and screened for both antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity. High interest fractions (397) with an IC50 < 1.11 μg/mL were identified and subjected to chromatographic separation for compound characterization and dereplication. Identifying active compounds with nanomolar antimalarial activity coupled with a selectivity index tenfold higher was accomplished with two of the 52 compounds isolated. This microscale, high-throughput screening project for antiplasmodial agents is discussed in the context of current natural product drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Laurent Calcul
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Jeremy Beau
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Wai Sheung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Matthew D Lebar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | | | - Charles Harter
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Tina Mutka
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Lindsay C Morton
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Patrick Maignan
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Betty Barisic
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Alberto van Olphen
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Dennis E Kyle
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA
| | - Lilian Vrijmoed
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | | | - Bill J Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 36612, USA
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22
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23
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Lane TK, Nguyen MH, D'Souza BR, Spahn NA, Louie J. The iron-catalyzed construction of 2-aminopyrimidines from alkynenitriles and cyanamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:7735-7. [PMID: 23877441 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44422h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several cycloaddition catalysts and reagents were surveyed for their effectiveness toward cyclizing alkynenitriles with cyanamides. Catalytic amounts of FeI2, (iPr)PDAI and Zn were found to effectively catalyze the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a variety of cyanamides and alkynenitriles to afford bicyclic 2-aminopyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Lane
- The University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. RM. 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
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24
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Walker SR, Czyz ML, Morris JC. Concise syntheses of meridianins and meriolins using a catalytic domino amino-palladation reaction. Org Lett 2014; 16:708-11. [PMID: 24437527 DOI: 10.1021/ol403390m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of natural and synthetic members of the meridianin family of kinase inhibitory natural products has been developed. The sequence utilizes a variation of the Cacchi palladium-catalyzed domino reaction to efficiently construct the heterocyclic framework of the meridianins and meriolins from monocyclic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Walker
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA, Australia
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25
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Calcul L, Waterman C, Ma WS, Lebar MD, Harter C, Mutka T, Morton L, Maignan P, Van Olphen A, Kyle DE, Vrijmoed L, Pang KL, Pearce C, Baker BJ. Screening mangrove endophytic fungi for antimalarial natural products. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5036-50. [PMID: 24351903 PMCID: PMC3877901 DOI: 10.3390/md11125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a screening campaign to investigate fungi as a source for new antimalarial compounds. A subset of our fungal collection comprising Chinese mangrove endophytes provided over 5000 lipophilic extracts. We developed an accelerated discovery program based on small-scale cultivation for crude extract screening and a high-throughput malaria assay. Criteria for hits were developed and high priority hits were subjected to scale-up cultivation. Extracts from large scale cultivation were fractionated and these fractions subjected to both in vitro malaria and cytotoxicity screening. Criteria for advancing fractions to purification were developed, including the introduction of a selectivity index and by dereplication of known metabolites. From the Chinese mangrove endophytes, four new compounds (14–16, 18) were isolated including a new dimeric tetrahydroxanthone, dicerandrol D (14), which was found to display the most favorable bioactivity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calcul
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Carrie Waterman
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Wai Sheung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Matthew D. Lebar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Charles Harter
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
| | - Tina Mutka
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; E-Mails: (T.M.); (L.M.); (P.M.); (A.V.O.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Lindsay Morton
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; E-Mails: (T.M.); (L.M.); (P.M.); (A.V.O.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Patrick Maignan
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; E-Mails: (T.M.); (L.M.); (P.M.); (A.V.O.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Alberto Van Olphen
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; E-Mails: (T.M.); (L.M.); (P.M.); (A.V.O.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 304, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; E-Mails: (T.M.); (L.M.); (P.M.); (A.V.O.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Lilian Vrijmoed
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China; E-Mail:
| | - Ka-Lai Pang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Cedric Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, NC 27278, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Bill J. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler, CHE 205, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; E-Mails: (L.C.); (C.W.); (W.S.M.); (M.D.L.); (C.H.)
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Blvd., Suite 303, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-9606; Fax: +1-813-905-9933
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Bharate SB, Sawant SD, Singh PP, Vishwakarma RA. Kinase inhibitors of marine origin. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6761-815. [PMID: 23679846 DOI: 10.1021/cr300410v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
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Bharate SB, Yadav RR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Jacob MR, Khan IA, Vishwakarma RA. Meridianin G and its analogs as antimalarial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Epigenetic tailoring for the production of anti-infective cytosporones from the marine fungus Leucostoma persoonii. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:762-774. [PMID: 22690142 PMCID: PMC3366674 DOI: 10.3390/md10040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic studies have demonstrated that fungi can possess gene clusters encoding for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites. Activation of these attenuated or silenced genes to obtain either improved titers of known compounds or new ones altogether has been a subject of considerable interest. In our efforts to discover new chemotypes that are effective against infectious diseases, including malaria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), we have isolated a strain of marine fungus, Leucostoma persoonii, that produces bioactive cytosporones. Epigenetic modifiers employed to activate secondary metabolite genes resulted in enhanced production of known cytosporones B (1, 360%), C (2, 580%) and E (3, 890%), as well as the production of the previously undescribed cytosporone R (4). Cytosporone E was the most bioactive, displaying an IC(90) of 13 µM toward Plasmodium falciparum, with A549 cytotoxicity IC(90) of 437 µM, representing a 90% inhibition therapeutic index (TI(90) = IC(90) A459/IC(90)P. falciparum) of 33. In addition, cytosporone E was active against MRSA with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 72 µM and inhibition of MRSA biofilm at roughly half that value (minimum biofilm eradication counts, MBEC90, was found to be 39 µM).
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