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Li Q, Deng X, Xu YJ, Dong L. Development of Long-Acting Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: Structural Evolution and Long-Acting Determinants. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11593-11631. [PMID: 37647598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to achieve less frequent dosing in the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. Enthusiasm for long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is based on the promise that such agents with less frequent dosing regimens are associated with improved patient adherence, but the rational design of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors remains a major challenge. In this Perspective, the development of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is comprehensively summarized to highlight the evolution of initial lead compounds on the path toward developing long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors over nearly three decades. The determinants for long duration of action are then examined, including the nature of the target, potency, binding kinetics, crystal structures, selectivity, and preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. More importantly, several possible approaches for the rational design of long-acting drugs are discussed. We hope that this information will facilitate the design and development of safer and more effective long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors and other oral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Li R, Mak WWS, Li J, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Seto SW, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837555. [PMID: 35264969 PMCID: PMC8899516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) play a vital role in nucleotide synthesis, regulation of adenosine function and chemotherapy. Current inhibitors of ENTs are mostly ENT1-selective. Our previous study has demonstrated that 4-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-imino-N-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (FPMINT) is a novel inhibitor of ENTs, which is more selective to ENT2 than to ENT1. The present study aimed to screen a series of FPMINT analogues and study their structure-activity relationship. Nucleoside transporter-deficient cells transfected with cloned human ENT1 and ENT2 were used as in vitro models. The results of the [3H]uridine uptake study showed that the replacement of the naphthalene moiety with the benzene moiety could abolish the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. The addition of chloride to the meta position of this benzene moiety could restore only the inhibitory effect on ENT1 but had no effect on ENT2. However, the addition of the methyl group to the meta position or the ethyl or oxymethyl group to the para position of this benzene moiety could regain the inhibitory activity on both ENT1 and ENT2. The presence of a halogen substitute, regardless of the position, in the fluorophenyl moiety next to the piperazine ring was essential for the inhibitory effects on ENT1 and ENT2. Among the analogues tested, compound 3c was the most potent inhibitor. Compound 3c reduced V max of [3H]uridine uptake in ENT1 and ENT2 without affecting K m. The inhibitory effect of compound 3c could not be washed out. Compound 3c did not affect cell viability, protein expression and internalization of ENT1 and ENT2. Therefore, similar to FPMINT, compound 3c was an irreversible and non-competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking analysis also showed that the binding site of compound 3c in ENT1 may be different from that of other conventional inhibitors. It is expected that structural modification may further improve its potency and selectivity and lead to the development of useful pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winston Wing-Shum Mak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Subbaiah MAM, Meanwell NA. Bioisosteres of the Phenyl Ring: Recent Strategic Applications in Lead Optimization and Drug Design. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14046-14128. [PMID: 34591488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The benzene moiety is the most prevalent ring system in marketed drugs, underscoring its historic popularity in drug design either as a pharmacophore or as a scaffold that projects pharmacophoric elements. However, introspective analyses of medicinal chemistry practices at the beginning of the 21st century highlighted the indiscriminate deployment of phenyl rings as an important contributor to the poor physicochemical properties of advanced molecules, which limited their prospects of being developed into effective drugs. This Perspective deliberates on the design and applications of bioisosteric replacements for a phenyl ring that have provided practical solutions to a range of developability problems frequently encountered in lead optimization campaigns. While the effect of phenyl ring replacements on compound properties is contextual in nature, bioisosteric substitution can lead to enhanced potency, solubility, and metabolic stability while reducing lipophilicity, plasma protein binding, phospholipidosis potential, and inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes and the hERG channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560099, India
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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4
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Mansha M, Taha M, Hassane Anouar E, Ullah N. The design of fluoroquinolone-based cholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico docking studies. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Shah BM, Modi P, Trivedi P. Recent Medicinal Chemistry Approach for the Development of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3595-3621. [PMID: 33045957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201012153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, a metabolic disease, occurs due to a decreased or no effect of insulin on the blood glucose level. The current oral medications stimulate insulin release, increase glucose absorption and its utilization, and decrease hepatic glucose output. Two major incretin hormones like Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide - 1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin release after a meal, but their action is inhibited by enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase- IV. OBJECTIVE The activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP prolongs and extends with DPP IV inhibitors, which are responsible for the stimulation of insulin secretion and regulation of blood glucose level. DPP IV inhibitors have shown effectiveness and endurability with a neutral effect on weight as well as less chances of hypoglycemia in the management of type 2 diabetes. These journeys started from Sitagliptin (marketed in 2006) to Evogliptin (marketed in 2015, Korea). CONCLUSION Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin. Newer and superior therapies are needed more than currently prescribed drugs. Various heterocyclic derivatives have been tried, but due to masking of DASH proteins, CYP enzymes, and hERG channel, they showed side effects. Based on these, the study has been focused on the development of safe, influential, selective, and long-lasting inhibitors of DPP IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
| | - Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institutes of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382210, India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
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Aynetdinova D, Callens MC, Hicks HB, Poh CYX, Shennan BDA, Boyd AM, Lim ZH, Leitch JA, Dixon DJ. Installing the “magic methyl” – C–H methylation in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5517-5563. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00973c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following notable cases of remarkable potency increases in methylated analogues of lead compounds, this review documents the state-of-the-art in C–H methylation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Aynetdinova
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Mia C. Callens
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Harry B. Hicks
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Charmaine Y. X. Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alistair M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Zhong Hui Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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7
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Pashev A, Burdzhiev N, Stanoeva E. One-step route to tricyclic fused 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline systems via the Castagnoli-Cushman protocol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1456-1464. [PMID: 32647547 PMCID: PMC7323625 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Castagnoli-Cushman reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with glutaric anhydride, its oxygen and sulfur analogues was investigated as a one-step approach to the benzo[a]quinolizidine system and its heterocyclic analogs. An extension towards the pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline system was achieved with the use of succinic anhydride. The results are evidence of an unexplored method for the access of the aforementioned tricyclic annelated systems incorporating a bridgehead nitrogen atom. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The reactions between 1-methyldihydroisoquinoline and glutaric, diglycolic and succinic anhydrides yielded unexpected isoquinoline derivatives containing an exocyclic double bond. The compounds prepared bear the potential to become building blocks for future synthetic bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Pashev
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical University Pleven, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1, St. Kliment Ohridski str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Burdzhiev
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Stanoeva
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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8
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Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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9
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Emami L, Faghih Z, Sakhteman A, Rezaei Z, Faghih Z, Salehi F, Khabnadideh S. Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized, of which some of them showed dual functions as DPP-4 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
- Medical School
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Farnaz Salehi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
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10
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Pantaleão SQ, Philot EA, de Oliveira Almeida M, Lima AN, de Sairre MI, Scott AL, Honorio KM. Integrated Protocol to Design Potential Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 (DPP-4). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 20:209-226. [PMID: 31878857 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191226101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus is the inhibition of the enzyme known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). AIMS This study aims to investigate the main interactions between DPP-4 and a set of inhibitors, as well as proposing potential candidates to inhibit this enzyme. METHODS We performed molecular docking studies followed by the construction and validation of CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The information provided from these models was used to aid in the search for new candidates to inhibit DPP-4 and the design of new bioactive ligands from structural modifications in the most active molecule of the studied series. RESULTS We were able to propose a set of analogues with biological activity predicted by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, suggesting that our protocol can be used to guide the design of new DPP-4 inhibitors as drug candidates to treat diabetes. CONCLUSION Once the integration of the techniques mentioned in this article was effective, our strategy can be applied to design possible new DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angelica Nakagawa Lima
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Inês de Sairre
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Ouyang M, Zeng L, Huang H, Jin C, Liu J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Fluorinated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as mitochondria-targeted theranostic anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6734-6744. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes bearing different numbers of fluorine atoms were developed to induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways and demonstrated much better anticancer activities than the widely used clinical chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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12
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Pashev AS, Burdzhiev NT, Stanoeva ER. Synthetic Approaches toward the Benzo[a]quinolizidine System. A Review. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2016.1234820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Nojima H, Kanou K, Terashi G, Takeda-Shitaka M, Inoue G, Atsuda K, Itoh C, Iguchi C, Matsubara H. Comprehensive analysis of the Co-structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitor. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 27491540 PMCID: PMC4974693 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We comprehensively analyzed X-ray cocrystal structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and its inhibitor to clarify whether DPP-4 alters its general or partial structure according to the inhibitor used and whether DPP-4 has a common rule for inhibitor binding. Results All the main and side chains in the inhibitor binding area were minimally altered, except for a few side chains, despite binding to inhibitors of various shapes. Some residues (Arg125, Glu205, Glu206, Tyr662 and Asn710) in the area had binding modes to fix a specific atom of inhibitor to a particular spatial position in DPP-4. We found two specific water molecules that were common to 92 DPP-4 structures. The two water molecules were close to many inhibitors, and seemed to play two roles: maintaining the orientation of the Glu205 and Glu206 side chains through a network via the water molecules, and arranging the inhibitor appropriately at the S2 subsite. Conclusions Our study based on high-quality resources may provide a necessary minimum consensus to help in the discovery of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that is commercially useful. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kanou
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Present address: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Genki Terashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takeda-Shitaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Gaku Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chie Iguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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14
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Kuhn B, Guba W, Hert J, Banner D, Bissantz C, Ceccarelli S, Haap W, Körner M, Kuglstatter A, Lerner C, Mattei P, Neidhart W, Pinard E, Rudolph MG, Schulz-Gasch T, Woltering T, Stahl M. A Real-World Perspective on Molecular Design. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4087-102. [PMID: 26878596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a series of small molecule drug discovery case studies where computational methods were prospectively employed to impact Roche research projects, with the aim of highlighting those methods that provide real added value. Our brief accounts encompass a broad range of methods and techniques applied to a variety of enzymes and receptors. Most of these are based on judicious application of knowledge about molecular conformations and interactions: filling of lipophilic pockets to gain affinity or selectivity, addition of polar substituents, scaffold hopping, transfer of SAR, conformation analysis, and molecular overlays. A case study of sequence-driven focused screening is presented to illustrate how appropriate preprocessing of information enables effective exploitation of prior knowledge. We conclude that qualitative statements enabling chemists to focus on promising regions of chemical space are often more impactful than quantitative prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Guba
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Hert
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Banner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bissantz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Haap
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Körner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kuglstatter
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lerner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizio Mattei
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Werner Neidhart
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Pinard
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Rudolph
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Schulz-Gasch
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Woltering
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stahl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Abbas Y, Mansha M, Ullah N. The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral (±)-mafaicheenamine A, unnatural 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A and expedient synthesis of clausine E. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of potent antitumoral mafaicheenamine A (1) and its unnatural analogue, 6-fluoromafaicheenamine A (2) have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abbas
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Dhahran
- Saudi Arabia
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16
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Abstract
The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Gillis
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Matthew D Hill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - David J Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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17
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Graczyk K, Haven T, Ackermann L. Iron-Catalyzed C(sp2)H and C(sp3)H Methylations of Amides and Anilides. Chemistry 2015; 21:8812-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Kramer C, Fuchs JE, Liedl KR. Strong nonadditivity as a key structure-activity relationship feature: distinguishing structural changes from assay artifacts. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:483-94. [PMID: 25760829 PMCID: PMC4372821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nonadditivity
in protein–ligand affinity data represents
highly instructive structure–activity relationship (SAR) features
that indicate structural changes and have the potential to guide rational
drug design. At the same time, nonadditivity is a challenge for both
basic SAR analysis as well as many ligand-based data analysis techniques
such as Free-Wilson Analysis and Matched Molecular Pair analysis,
since linear substituent contribution models inherently assume additivity
and thus do not work in such cases. While structural causes for nonadditivity
have been analyzed anecdotally, no systematic approaches to interpret
and use nonadditivity prospectively have been developed yet. In this
contribution, we lay the statistical framework for systematic analysis
of nonadditivity in a SAR series. First, we develop a general metric
to quantify nonadditivity. Then, we demonstrate the non-negligible
impact of experimental uncertainty that creates apparent nonadditivity,
and we introduce techniques to handle experimental uncertainty. Finally,
we analyze public SAR data sets for strong nonadditivity and use recourse
to the original publications and available X-ray structures to find
structural explanations for the nonadditivity observed. We find that
all cases of strong nonadditivity (ΔΔpKi and ΔΔpIC50 > 2.0 log units)
with sufficient structural information to generate reasonable hypothesis
involve changes in binding mode. With the appropriate statistical
basis, nonadditivity analysis offers a variety of new attempts for
various areas in computer-aided drug design, including the validation
of scoring functions and free energy perturbation approaches, binding
pocket classification, and novel features in SAR analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kramer
- †Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- †Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,‡Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- †Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Patel BD, Ghate MD. Recent approaches to medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:574-605. [PMID: 24531198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is one of the widely explored novel targets for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently. Research has been focused on the strategy to preserve the endogenous glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 activity by inhibiting the DPP-4 action. The DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral, well tolerated and give better glycaemic control over a longer duration of time compared to existing conventional therapies. The journey of DPP-4 inhibitors in the market started from the launch of sitagliptin in 2006 to latest drug teneligliptin in 2012. This review is mainly focusing on the recent medicinal aspects and advancements in the designing of DPP-4 inhibitors with the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 as a target to convey more clarity in the diffused data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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20
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Landelle G, Panossian A, Pazenok S, Vors JP, Leroux FR. Recent advances in transition metal-catalyzed Csp(2)-monofluoro-, difluoro-, perfluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2476-536. [PMID: 24367416 PMCID: PMC3869273 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, transition metal-mediated reactions have joined the toolbox of chemists working in the field of fluorination for Life-Science oriented research. The successful execution of transition metal-catalyzed carbon-fluorine bond formation has become a landmark achievement in fluorine chemistry. This rapidly growing research field has been the subject of some excellent reviews. Our approach focuses exclusively on transition metal-catalyzed reactions that allow the introduction of -CFH2, -CF2H, -C n F2 n +1 and -SCF3 groups onto sp² carbon atoms. Transformations are discussed according to the reaction-type and the metal employed. The review will not extend to conventional non-transition metal methods to these fluorinated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Landelle
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Armen Panossian
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
| | - Sergiy Pazenok
- Bayer CropScience AG, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Vors
- Bayer SAS, 14 impasse Pierre Baizet, 69263 Lyon, Cedex 09, France
| | - Frédéric R Leroux
- CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7509, SynCat, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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21
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Schönherr H, Cernak T. Profound Methyl Effects in Drug Discovery and a Call for New CH Methylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12256-67. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Schönherr H, Cernak T. Ausgeprägte Methyleffekte in der Wirkstoff-Forschung und der Bedarf an neuen C-H-Methylierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Zhao Y, Ni C, Jiang F, Gao B, Shen X, Hu J. Copper-Catalyzed Debenzoylative Monofluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides Assisted by the Removable (2-Pyridyl)sulfonyl Group. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs4000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fanzhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Sen S, Kamma SR, Gundla R, Adepally U, Kuncha S, Thirnathi S, Prasad UV. A reagent based DOS strategy via Evans chiral auxiliary: highly stereoselective Michael reaction towards optically active quinolizidinones, piperidinones and pyrrolidinones. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Erasmus E, Swarts JC. Intramolecular communication and electrochemical observation of the 17-electron ruthenocenium cation in fluorinated ruthenocene-containing β-diketones; polymorphism of C10H21 and C10F21 derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wei C, Desheng L, Jian G, Fang L, Lingling G, Mingjuan J. Molecular dynamics and free energy studies of chirality specificity effects on aminobenzo[a]quinolizine inhibitors binding to DPP-IV. J Mol Model 2012; 19:1167-77. [PMID: 23151852 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aminobenzo[a]quinolizines were investigated as a novel class of DPP-IV inhibitors. The stereochemistry of this class plays an important role in the bioactivity. In this study, the mechanisms of how different configuration of three chiral centers of this class influences the binding affinity were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations, free energy decomposition analysis. The S configuration for chiral center 3* is decisive for isomers to maintain high bioactivity; the chirality effect of chiral center 2* on the binding affinity is largely dependent, while the S configuration for chiral center 2* is preferable to R configuration for the bioactivity gain; the effect of chiral center 11b* on the binding affinity is insignificant. The chirality specificity for three chiral centers is responsible for distinction of two van der Waals contacts with Tyr547 and Phe357, and of H-bonding interactions with Arg125 and Glu206. Particularly, the Arg125 to act as a bridge in the H-bonding network contributes to stable H-bonding interactions of isomer in DPP-IV active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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27
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Fischer H, Atzpodien EA, Csato M, Doessegger L, Lenz B, Schmitt G, Singer T. In Silico Assay for Assessing Phospholipidosis Potential of Small Druglike Molecules: Training, Validation, and Refinement Using Several Data Sets. J Med Chem 2012; 55:126-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm201082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Fischer
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elke-Astrid Atzpodien
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miklos Csato
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucette Doessegger
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Clinical
Safety/Licensing and Early Development, ‡Toxicology and Pathology, §Early and Investigative
Safety, Non-Clinical Safety, and ∥Non-Clinical Safety, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Lee KM, Kim JC, Kang P, Lee WK, Eum H, Ha HJ. Chiral aziridine-2-carboxylates: versatile precursors for functionalized tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) containing heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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29
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Mendieta L, Tarrago T, Giralt E. Recent patents of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1693-741. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.627325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Abrecht S, Adam JM, Bromberger U, Diodone R, Fettes A, Fischer R, Goeckel V, Hildbrand S, Moine G, Weber M. An Efficient Process for the Manufacture of Carmegliptin. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op2000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Abrecht
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Adam
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Bromberger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Diodone
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alec Fettes
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Fischer
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Volker Goeckel
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hildbrand
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Moine
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Weber
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Adam JM, Foricher J, Hanlon S, Lohri B, Moine G, Schmid R, Stahr H, Weber M, Wirz B, Zutter U. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of (S)-3-Fluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone, Building Block for Carmegliptin’s Lactam Moiety. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Adam
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Foricher
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven Hanlon
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lohri
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Moine
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Schmid
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Stahr
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Weber
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Wirz
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Zutter
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, †pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, Process Research and Synthesis, and ‡Pharma Technical Development Actives, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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32
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bissantz
- Discovery Chemistry, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Mattei P, Boehringer M, Di Giorgio P, Fischer H, Hennig M, Huwyler J, Koçer B, Kuhn B, Loeffler BM, Macdonald A, Narquizian R, Rauber E, Sebokova E, Sprecher U. Discovery of carmegliptin: a potent and long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:1109-13. [PMID: 20031405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Design, synthesis, and SAR are described for a class of DPP-IV inhibitors based on aminobenzo[a]quinolizines with non-aromatic substituents in the S1 specificity pocket. One representative thereof, carmegliptin (8p), was chosen for clinical development. Its X-ray structure in complex with the enzyme and early efficacy data in animal models of type 2 diabetes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Mattei
- F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharma Research, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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