1
|
Marshall CM, Federice JG, Bell CN, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. An Update on the Nitrogen Heterocycle Compositions and Properties of U.S. FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals (2013-2023). J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38995264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This Perspective is a continuation of our analysis of U.S. FDA-approved small-molecule drugs (1938-2012) containing nitrogen heterocycles. In this study we report drug structure and property analyses of 321 unique new small-molecule drugs approved from January 2013 to December 2023 as well as information about frequency of important heteroatoms such as sulfur and fluorine and key small nitrogen substituents (CN and NO2). The most notable change is an incredible increase in drugs containing at least one nitrogen heterocycle─82%, compared to 59% from preceding decades─as well as a significant increase in the number of nitrogen heterocycles per drug. Pyridine has claimed the #1 high-frequency nitrogen heterocycle occurrence spot from piperidine (#2), with pyrimidine (#5), pyrazole (#6), and morpholine (#9) being the big top 10 climbers. Also notable is high number of fused nitrogen heterocycles, apparently driven largely by newly approved cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John G Federice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chloe N Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiodi D, Ishihara Y. The role of the methoxy group in approved drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116364. [PMID: 38781921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The methoxy substituent is prevalent in natural products and, consequently, is present in many natural product-derived drugs. It has also been installed in modern drug molecules with no remnant of natural product features because medicinal chemists have been taking advantage of the benefits that this small functional group can bestow on ligand-target binding, physicochemical properties, and ADME parameters. Herein, over 230 methoxy-containing small-molecule drugs, as well as several fluoromethoxy-containing drugs, are presented from the vantage point of the methoxy group. Biochemical mechanisms of action, medicinal chemistry SAR studies, and numerous X-ray cocrystal structures are analyzed to identify the precise role of the methoxy group for many of the drugs and drug classes. Although the methoxy substituent can be considered as the hybridization of a hydroxy and a methyl group, the combination of these functionalities often results in unique effects that can amount to more than the sum of the individual parts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Chiodi
- Department of Chemistry, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xing G, Li Z, Zhi Z, Yi C, Zhang R, Yang H, Zhang Y, Lin B, Liu Y, Pan L, Cheng M. Discovery and Identification of Novel 5-Hydroxy-4 H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one Derivatives as Potent β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonists through Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2986-3003. [PMID: 38347756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Although β2-agonists are crucial for treatment of chronic respiratory diseases, optimizing β2-agonistic activity and selectivity remains essential for achieving favorable therapeutic outcomes. A structure-based molecular design workflow was employed to discover a novel class of β2 agonists featuring a 5-hydroxy-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one scaffold, which potently stimulated β2 adrenoceptors (β2-ARs). Screening for the β2-agonistic activity and selectivity led to the identification of compound A19 (EC50 = 3.7 pM), which functioned as a partial β2-agonist in HEK-293 cells containing endogenous β2-ARs. Compound A19 exhibited significant relaxant effects, rapid onset time (Ot50 = 2.14 min), and long duration of action (>12 h) on isolated guinea pig tracheal strips, as well as advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo, rendering A19 suitable for inhalation administration. Moreover, A19 suppressed the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes and improved lung function in a rat model of COPD, thereby indicating that A19 is a potential β2 agonist candidate for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ce Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huali Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baker JG, Shaw DE. Asthma and COPD: A Focus on β-Agonists - Past, Present and Future. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37709918 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma has been recognised as a respiratory disorder for millennia and the focus of targeted drug development for the last 120 years. Asthma is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is caused by exposure to tobacco smoke and other noxious particles and exerts a substantial economic and social burden. This chapter reviews the development of the treatments of asthma and COPD particularly focussing on the β-agonists, from the isolation of adrenaline, through the development of generations of short- and long-acting β-agonists. It reviews asthma death epidemics, considers the intrinsic efficacy of clinical compounds, and charts the improvement in selectivity and duration of action that has led to our current medications. Important β2-agonist compounds no longer used are considered, including some with additional properties, and how the different pharmacological properties of current β2-agonists underpin their different places in treatment guidelines. Finally, it concludes with a look forward to future developments that could improve the β-agonists still further, including extending their availability to areas of the world with less readily accessible healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Baker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- Cell Signalling, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Dominick E Shaw
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng Y, Zhou Z, Wu S, Lin W, Lu S, Pang X, Xia K, He F, Zhang Q, Yang H, Wang Z. Biocatalytic Asymmetric Reduction of a Sterically Hindered α-Bromo Ketone for the Synthesis of Key Intermediates of Olodaterol. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Zihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Songquan Lu
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Pang
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Ke Xia
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
- Department of Process Research and Development, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xing G, Li D, Woo AYH, Zhi Z, Ji L, Xing R, Lv H, He B, An H, Zhao H, Lin B, Pan L, Cheng M. Discovery of a Highly Selective β 2-Adrenoceptor Agonist with a 2-Amino-2-phenylethanol Scaffold as an Oral Antiasthmatic Agent. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5514-5527. [PMID: 35360904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma patients in resource-poor countries cannot obtain adequate basic asthma medications because most asthma medications are supplied as inhalants. An alternative approach is to create oral antiasthmatic drugs with high β2/β1-selectivity, which should reduce treatment costs. In this study, we designed a cohort of compounds 1 using 2-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(tert-butylamino)ethan-1-ol hydrogen chloride (1a) as the lead compound with an aim to expand the library of compounds possessing the 2-amino-2-phenylethanol scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies on these compounds revealed that compounds created showed remarkable β2 selectivity compared to isoproterenol and gave additional insights on the rational design of β2-adrenoceptor agonists. Moreover, 1a was found as the best candidate compound showing the greatest potential for drug development. Cell-based assays showed that 1a was about 10 times more selective than salbutamol toward the β2-adrenoceptor. Moreover, 1a exhibited good oral bioavailability and low acute oral toxicity. These data reveal 1a as an oral antiasthmatic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dahong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hailiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui An
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Du Y, Su W. Convenient and Flexible Syntheses of gem-Dimethyl Carboxylic Triggers via Mono-Selective β-C(sp3)-H Arylation of Pivalic Acid with ortho-Substituted Aryl Iodides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a palladium(II)-catalyzed mono-selective C(sp3)-H arylation of pivalic acid for rapid construction of an important library of 3-aryl-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acids, especially those ortho-substituted-aryl compounds. The strategy greatly streamlines the...
Collapse
|
8
|
Garzon-Siatoya WT, Carrillo-Martin I, Chiarella SE, Gonzalez-Estrada A. State-of-the-art beta-adrenoreceptor agonists for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:243-254. [PMID: 34753370 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1988074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma, a heterogeneous disease, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. β2-adrenoreceptor agonists (β2-agonists) remain pivotal for asthma management. Short-acting β2-agonists (SABAs) result in rapid symptomatic alleviation and bronchospasm prevention. Patients experience significant clinical benefits from therapy with long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) with efficacy to bronchodilate, and prolonged lung function betterment. Recently discovered β2-agonists with longer half-lives offer once-daily dosing. AREAS COVERED The authors provide a thorough review of the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, tolerability, classification, and safety of β2-agonists through an in-depth review of current literature using these databases: U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM), PubMed Central, and NLM clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION β2- agonists act primarily on airway smooth muscle cells and are quintessential for adequate asthma management. Given their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, SABAs are used as rescue medication. Notably, the current Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy document recommends using LABA/inhaled corticosteroid combinations both as a daily controller and as a rescue medication. Clinicians should assess this new treatment plan on a per-case basis, making sure to evaluate inhaler adherence and treat modifiable risk factors. The development of next-generation β2- agonists is an exciting research area that could significantly improve patients' adherence to treatment regimens and, consequently, asthma control and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Tatiana Garzon-Siatoya
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ismael Carrillo-Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xing G, Zhi Z, Yi C, Zou J, Jing X, Yiu-Ho Woo A, Lin B, Pan L, Zhang Y, Cheng M. 8-Hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues as potential β 2-agonists: Design, synthesis and activity study. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113697. [PMID: 34273662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β2-Agonists that bind to plasmalemmal β2-adrenoceptors causing cAMP accumulation are widely used as bronchodilators in chronic respiratory diseases. Here, we designed and synthesized a group of 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues and studied their β2-agonistic activities with a cellular cAMP assay. Compounds B05 and C08 were identified as potent (EC50 < 20 pM) and selective β2-agonists among the compounds tested. They behaved as partial β2-agonists in non-overexpressed HEK293 cells, and possessed rapid smooth muscle relaxant actions and long duration of action in isolated guinea pig tracheal strip preparations. In summary, B05 and C08 are β2-agonists with potential applicability in chronic respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ce Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jitian Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuefeng Jing
- General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fuxin, 12300, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kazi AA, Subba Reddy BV, Ravithej Singh L. Synthetic approaches to FDA approved drugs for asthma and COPD from 1969 to 2020. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116212. [PMID: 34000507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections resulting from pulmonary inflammation emerging as a leading cause of death worldwide. However, only twenty-seven new drugs were approved in the last five decades. In this review, we presented synthetic approaches for twenty-seven FDA-approved medications used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), along with their mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayazoddin Aunoddin Kazi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - B V Subba Reddy
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| | - L Ravithej Singh
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin YN, Ding RQ, Ouyang DC, Zhang Q, Zhu R. Highly chemoselective synthesis of hindered amides via cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular oxidative hydroamidation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2552. [PMID: 33953181 PMCID: PMC8100129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Tertiary amides are of great importance for medicinal chemistry. However, they are often challenging to access through conventional methods due to reactivity and chemoselectivity issues. Here, we report a single-step approach towards such amides via cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular oxidative hydroamidation of unactivated alkenes, using nitriles of either solvent- or reagent-quantities. This protocol is selective for terminal alkenes over groups that rapidly react under known carbocation amidation conditions such as tertiary alcohols, electron-rich alkenes, ketals, weak C−H bonds, and carboxylic acids. Straightforward access to a diverse array of hindered amides is demonstrated, including a rapid synthesis of an aminoadamantane-derived pharmaceutical intermediate. α-Tertiary amides are common in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals, but challenging to access by conventional methods. Here, the authors report a single-step approach toward α-tertiary amides via cobalt-catalyzed intermolecular oxidative hydroamidation of unactivated alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Nian Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Qi Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Chen Ouyang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang N, Singhera GK, Yan YX, Pieper MP, Leung JM, Sin DD, Dorscheid DR. Olodaterol exerts anti-inflammatory effects on COPD airway epithelial cells. Respir Res 2021; 22:65. [PMID: 33622325 PMCID: PMC7901009 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01659-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation is a key feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) remain the main treatment for airway inflammation. Studies have noted the increased efficacy of ICS and long-acting beta 2 agonist (LABA) combination therapy in controlling exacerbations and improving airway inflammation than either monotherapy. Further studies have suggested that LABAs may have inherent anti-inflammatory potential, but this has not been well-studied. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that the LABA olodaterol can inhibit airway inflammation resulting from exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via its binding receptor, the β2-adrenergic receptor. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial brushing from patients with and without COPD were cultured into air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures and treated with or without olodaterol and RSV infection to examine the effect on markers of inflammation including interleukin-8 (IL-8) and mucus secretion. The cell line NCI-H292 was utilized for gene silencing of the β2-adrenergic receptor via siRNA as well as receptor blocking via ICI 118,551 and butaxamine. RESULTS At baseline, COPD-ALIs produced greater amounts of IL-8 than control ALIs. Olodaterol reduced RSV-mediated IL-8 secretion in both COPD and control ALIs and also significantly reduced Muc5AC staining in COPD-ALIs infected with RSV. A non-significant reduction was seen in control ALIs. Gene silencing of the β2-adrenergic receptor in NCI-H292 negated the ability of olodaterol to inhibit IL-8 secretion from both RSV infection and lipopolysaccharide stimulus, as did blocking of the receptor with ICI 118,551 and butaxamine. CONCLUSIONS Olodaterol exhibits inherent anti-inflammatory properties on the airway epithelium, in addition to its bronchodilation properties, that is mediated through the β2-adrenergic receptor and independent of ICS usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K Singhera
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Xuan Yan
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael P Pieper
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Janice M Leung
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Delbert R Dorscheid
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xing G, Yi C, Dou P, Zhi Z, Lin B, Cheng M. Recent progress in the development of β2 adrenergic receptor agonists: a patent review (2015-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:239-246. [PMID: 33320034 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1865312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a member of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the majority of cellular responses to external stimuli. The agonists can cause smooth muscle relaxation; therefore, many β2AR agonists have been developed especially for the treatment of pulmonary disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many new natural and synthetic compounds have been discovered and developed as novel β2AR agonists over the past 5 years. AREAS COVERED This review offers an update for the development of β2AR agonists in the patents published from 2015 to 2020, including new natural and synthetic compounds for the treatment of asthma and COPD. In particular, the latest patents about compounds possessing both muscarinic receptor antagonist and β2 adrenergic receptor agonist activity are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION β2AR agonists have been developed extensively for the treatment of asthma and COPD. In the past 5 years, novel agonists from both natural sources and synthetic methods were intensively developed. Compounds possessing both muscarinic receptor antagonist and β2AR agonist activity represent a new trend in this area because they are possibly able to act together in a synergistic fashion, therefore, relieve the symptoms of patients through two distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China
| | - Ce Yi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China
| | - Peiyuan Dou
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Zhengxing Zhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Burkes RM, Panos RJ. Ultra Long-Acting β-Agonists in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:589-602. [PMID: 33364854 PMCID: PMC7751789 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s259328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD management for decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathways, these agents relax airway smooth muscle and improve expiratory airflow by relieving bronchospasm and alleviating air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation improving breathlessness, exertional capabilities, and quality of life. β-agonist drug development has discovered drugs with increasing longer durations of action: short acting (SABA) (4-6 h), long acting (LABA) (6-12 h), and ultra-long acting (ULABA) (24 h). Three ULABAs, indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are approved for clinical treatment of COPD. Purpose This article reviews both clinically approved ULABAs and ULABAs in development. Conclusion Indacaterol and olodaterol were originally approved for clinical use as monotherapies for COPD. Vilanterol is the first ULABA to be approved only in combination with other respiratory medications. Although there are many other ULABA's in various stages of development, most clinical testing of these novel agents is suspended or proceeding slowly. The three approved ULABAs are being combined with antimuscarinic agents and corticosteroids as dual and triple agent treatments that are being tested for clinical use and efficacy. Increasingly, these clinical trials are using specific COPD clinical characteristics to define study populations and to begin to develop therapies that are trait-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ralph J Panos
- University of Cincinnati Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Andreas S, Bothner U, de la Hoz A, Kloer I, Trampisch M, Alter P. A Post Hoc Holter ECG Analysis of Olodaterol and Formoterol in Moderate-to-Very-Severe COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1955-1965. [PMID: 32848381 PMCID: PMC7428408 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s246353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias and elevated heart rate. A theoretical mechanistic association based on the interaction of long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) with adrenoreceptors in the heart and vasculature is assumed as a potential class-related risk. Therefore, we performed a pooled analysis of Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) data from four 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase III clinical trials evaluating olodaterol (5 μg or 10 μg) or formoterol (12 µg) versus placebo. Methods We analyzed Holter ECG data from a representative subset of 775 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 2–4 COPD from four studies (1222.11–14) assessing olodaterol (5 μg and 10 μg) and formoterol (12 µg) versus placebo. Results No statistically significant (P>0.3) or clinically relevant differences in the shift from baseline of premature supraventricular or ventricular beats were observed among the active treatment and the placebo groups. Minor and transient differences were observed in the adjusted mean heart rate from baseline during treatment in all groups. There was a numerically small but statistically significant increase for formoterol at Week 24, olodaterol 5 μg at Weeks 12 and 40, and olodaterol 10 μg at Week 40 (all less than 3.0 beats per minute). Mean heart rates returned to a statistically non-significant change at Week 48 for all treatment groups. No increase in major adverse cardiovascular events was observed. Conclusion Treatment with olodaterol or formoterol is not associated with arrhythmias or a persistent increase in heart rate as assessed by Holter ECG in patients with COPD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00782210 (1222.11); NCT00782509 (1222.12); NCT00793624 (1222.13); NCT00796653 (1222.14).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Andreas
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,LungClinic Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Ulrich Bothner
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alberto de la Hoz
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Isabel Kloer
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Peter Alter
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Marburg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Lal
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Akram Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of β2-adrenoceptor agonists bearing the 2-amino-2-phenylethanol scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:424-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Lal C, Strange C. A review of current and developing fixed-dose LABA/LAMA combinations for treating COPD. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1833-1843. [PMID: 29115881 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1403583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) recommendations suggest using long acting β2 agonists (LABA) and long acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) in combination for group B COPD patients with persistent symptoms, group C COPD patients with further exacerbations on LAMA therapy alone and for group D COPD patients with or without combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Thus, there is a lot of interest in developing LABA/LAMA combinations for maintenance therapy of chronic stable COPD. Areas covered: Many LABA/LAMA combinations have successfully been approved through carefully designed pivotal clinical trials. The current clinical use of LABA/LAMA combinations in COPD will continue to evolve as new trials with and without inhaled corticosteroids are completed. Expert opinion: Combining different classes of bronchodilators in a single inhaler is an attractive concept that can potentially improve patient adherence to therapy. Because LABA/LAMA combinations are the preferred treatment option for preventing COPD exacerbations in the updated GOLD guidelines for COPD, they will be clinically used. Future treatment of COPD should revolve around a personalized approach based on characterization of the COPD phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Lal
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Charlie Strange
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herrmann FE, Wollin L, Wirth J, Gantner F, Lämmle B, Wex E. Olodaterol shows anti-fibrotic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3848-3864. [PMID: 28810065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal respiratory disease characterized by excessive fibroblast activation ultimately leading to scarring of the lungs. Although, the activation of β2 -adrenoceptors (β2 -AR) has been shown to inhibit pro-fibrotic events primarily in cell lines, the role of β2 -adrenoceptor agonists has not yet been fully characterized. The aim of our study was to explore the anti-fibrotic activity of the long-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) and in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We assessed the activity of olodaterol to inhibit various pro-fibrotic mechanisms, induced by different pro-fibrotic mediators, in primary HLF from control donors and patients with IPF (IPF-LF). The in vivo anti-fibrotic activity of olodaterol, given once daily by inhalation in either a preventive or therapeutic treatment regimen, was explored in murine models of lung fibrosis induced by either bleomycin or the overexpression of TGF-β1. KEY RESULTS In both HLF and IPF-LF, olodaterol attenuated TGF-β-induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and endothelin-1 (ET-1), FGF- and PDGF-induced motility and proliferation and TGF-β/ET-1-induced contraction. In vivo olodaterol significantly attenuated the bleomycin-induced increase in lung weight, reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and inhibited release of pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-ß, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1). Forced vital capacity was increased only with the preventive treatment regimen. In the TGF-β-overexpressing model, olodaterol additionally reduced the Col3A1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Olodaterol showed anti-fibrotic properties in primary HLF from control and IPF patients and in murine models of lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Elena Herrmann
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Johannes Wirth
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lämmle
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Eva Wex
- Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Crisafulli E, Frizzelli A, Fantin A, Manco A, Mangia A, Pisi G, Fainardi V, Alfieri V, Aiello M, Bertorelli G, Chetta A. Next generation beta adrenoreceptor agonists for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1499-1505. [PMID: 28891349 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1378348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A fixed-dose inhalation of a long-acting β-agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is commonly recommended for moderate to severe asthmatic patients not adequately controlled by an ICS only. In order to improve the patients' adherence and the control of disease there is a noteworthy interest for the next generation inhaled β adrenoreceptor agonists maintaining an over 24 hours bronchodilatation and used once-daily (ultra-LABAs). This review focuses on the currently available evidences on the clinical role of any single ultra-LABAs in the treatment of asthmatic patients. Areas covered: New ultra-LABAs have been developed in recent years for the treatment of asthma. In particular, several evidences in asthmatic patients include indacaterol, vilanterol, olodaterol, and abediterol. Expert opinion: Pharmacologically, all new ultra-LABAs considered have demonstrated a good ability to maintain a true bronchodilatation for over 24 hours and a good safety profile. This aspect could be a key point to improve the patient's perspective, the adherence to the treatment regimens and therefore the control of disease. At this time, however, limited data are available and no ultra-LABA+ICS may be recommended as preferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Crisafulli
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Annalisa Frizzelli
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Alberto Fantin
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Alessandra Manco
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Angelo Mangia
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- b Cystic Fibrotic Centre , University Hospital , Parma , Italy
| | | | - Veronica Alfieri
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Marina Aiello
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bertorelli
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Alfredo Chetta
- a Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Männel B, Dengler D, Shonberg J, Hübner H, Möller D, Gmeiner P. Hydroxy-Substituted Heteroarylpiperazines: Novel Scaffolds for β-Arrestin-Biased D2R Agonists. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4693-4713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Männel
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dengler
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeremy Shonberg
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Möller
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Malerba M, Radaeli A, Montuschi P, Babu KS, Morjaria JB. Investigational beta-2 adrenergic agonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:319-329. [PMID: 28117615 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1287172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-acting bronchodilators are pivotal in the therapeutic management of COPD patients with moderate-to-severe airflow obstruction. New ultra-long-acting β2-agnoists (ultra-LABAs) have been developed, some of which have been licensed for use as monotherapy and/or in combination with other bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids, for use in COPD patients with persistent symptoms and worsening airflow limitation. These new agents are faster in onset and have a prolonged duration of action, with a similar safety profile to the traditional twice-daily bronchodilators which may have an impact on patient concordance. Areas covered: A number of these ultra-LABAs are still under development and bi-functional hybrid molecules containing regions functioning as β2-agonists, and as muscarinic agonists (MABAs) has been developed. This review summarizes these (excluding the licensed ultra-LABAs) with attention on phase II studies data available to-date on their pharmacological profiles, clinical efficacy and safety, and future perspectives. Expert opinion: Despite all the new agents' available, the challenges that persist include any differences in efficacy and safety between the various possible LAMA/LABA combinations, relative advantages of MABAs over fixed-dose LAMA/LABAs, and the impact of these new molecules in terms of long term safety, especially in certain populations in co-morbidities frequently associated with COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Malerba
- a Department of Internal Medicine , University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili , Brescia , Italy
| | | | - Paolo Montuschi
- c Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University Hospital Agostino Gemelli Foundation Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Pharmacology , Rome , Italy
| | - Kesavan S Babu
- d Department of Respiratory Medicine , Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Jaymin B Morjaria
- e Department of Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cazzola M, Rinaldi B, Lucà G, Ora J. Olodaterol for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:861-6. [PMID: 27170011 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1188078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-acting β-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations are still the mainstay of asthma therapy but there is a pressing need to increase adherence to the prescribed treatment achievable in general by reducing the dose frequency. Consequently, there is considerable interest within the pharmaceutical industry in the discovery of once-daily β2-agonists (ultra-LABAs) to be used as a part of a combination therapy for treating asthma. AREAS COVERED The authors review the preclinical and clinical development of olodaterol, a new ultra-LABA characterized by an improved selectivity for β2-adrenoceptors and a rather high intrinsic efficacy profile, in asthma. The clinical results were generated by 4 Phase 2 trials, which have enrolled 731 asthmatic patients. EXPERT OPINION The available results indicate that olodaterol is able to induce an effective 24-h bronchodilation and is safe. However, one cannot formulate a solid conclusion on the best dose and/or dose frequency to be used in asthma because trials were not powered to assess the differences between doses and dose frequencies. Apparently, there is no Phase 3 trial planned or ongoing for olodaterol monotherapy in patients with asthma and also no attempt to combine olodaterol with an ICS, which is surprising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- b Department of Experimental Medicine , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Gabriella Lucà
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- a Department of Systems Medicine , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matera MG, Ora J, Cazzola M. Differential pharmacology and clinical utility of long-acting bronchodilators in COPD - focus on olodaterol. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1805-11. [PMID: 26676161 PMCID: PMC4675639 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s73581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Olodaterol (BI 1744 CL) is a novel, once-daily long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) designed with the aim of improving β2-adrenoreceptor selectivity and intrinsic activity. Phase III pivotal trials have documented that olodaterol Respimat Soft Mist inhaler 5 μg induces fast onset of bronchodilation, comparable with formoterol at day 1. Moreover, significant lung function improvements have been documented up to 48 weeks in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Olodaterol was generally well tolerated and had an acceptable cardiovascular and respiratory adverse event profile. Regrettably, the clinical development of olodaterol is however still too partial to draw any firm conclusions on the positioning of this ultra-LABA as monotherapy in the management of COPD. Waiting for further data on the impact of olodaterol on different patient-reported outcomes, which however are widely available for indacaterol, and mainly for a head-to-head comparison between these two ultra-LABAs and between olodaterol long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists other than tiotropium, we believe it is correct to follow the clinical indications of indacaterol also for olodaterol. In any case, the parallel bronchodilating modes of action of olodaterol and tiotropium make them an attractive combination in COPD. The results from the ongoing large TOviTO Phase III trial program have documented the efficacy and safety of olodaterol/tiotropium fixed-dose combination as maintenance therapy in patients with moderate to very severe COPD. In particular, olodaterol/tiotropium fixed-dose combination provides a convincing alternative for patients remaining symptomatic with olodaterol monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology, Second University of Naples, Naples
| | - Josuel Ora
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy ; Department of Systems Medicine, Respiratory Pharmacology Research Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chundela Z, Große J. Olodaterol and vilanterol detection in sport drug testing. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:980-2. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Chundela
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sport Biochemistry Dresden; Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa Germany
| | - Joachim Große
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sport Biochemistry Dresden; Dresdner Str. 12, 01731 Kreischa Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ichinose M, Takizawa A, Izumoto T, Tadayasu Y, Hamilton AL, Kunz C, Fukuchi Y. Efficacy and safety of the long-acting β2-agonist olodaterol over 4 weeks in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:1673-83. [PMID: 26316741 PMCID: PMC4548739 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s86002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olodaterol is a novel long-acting β2-agonist with proven ≥24-hour duration of action in preclinical and clinical studies. Objective This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study evaluated the dose response of once-daily (QD) olodaterol based on bronchodilator efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics over 4 weeks in Japanese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods All eligible patients were randomized to receive 2 µg, 5 µg, or 10 µg of olodaterol or placebo for 4 weeks via the Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler. The primary end point was the change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) after 4 weeks of olodaterol treatment. Secondary end points included trough FEV1 after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment, FEV1 area under the curve from 0 hour to 3 hours (AUC0–3), peak FEV1 from 0 hour to 3 hours (peak FEV1), and corresponding forced vital capacity (FVC) responses. Rescue medication use, COPD symptoms, physician global evaluation, pharmacokinetics, and safety were also assessed. Results A total of 328 patients with COPD were randomized to receive treatment. All olodaterol doses assessed in the study showed statistically significant increases in trough FEV1 compared to placebo at Day 29 (P<0.0001). Mean increases in peak FEV1 and FEV1 AUC0–3 compared to placebo were also significant (P<0.0001). A clear dose–response relationship was observed across all treatment groups. FVC responses (trough and FVC AUC0–3) supported FEV1 outcomes. All doses of olodaterol were well tolerated, and no safety concerns were identified. Conclusion QD olodaterol demonstrated 24-hour bronchodilator efficacy and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with COPD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00824382.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina Kunz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wex E, Kollak I, Duechs MJ, Naline E, Wollin L, Devillier P. The long-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol attenuates pulmonary inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3537-47. [PMID: 25824824 PMCID: PMC4507158 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose β2-adrenoceptor agonists are widely used in the management of obstructive airway diseases. Besides their bronchodilatory effect, several studies suggest inhibitory effects on various aspects of inflammation. The aim of our study was to determine the efficacy of the long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol to inhibit pulmonary inflammation and to elucidate mechanism(s) underlying its anti-inflammatory actions. Experimental Approach Olodaterol was tested in murine and guinea pig models of cigarette smoke- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. Furthermore, effects of olodaterol on the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediator release from human parenchymal explants, CD11b adhesion molecule expression on human granulocytes TNF-α release from human whole blood and on the IL-8-induced migration of human peripheral blood neutrophils were investigated. Key Results Olodaterol dose-dependently attenuated cell influx and pro-inflammatory mediator release in murine and guinea pig models of pulmonary inflammation. These anti-inflammatory effects were observed at doses relevant to their bronchodilatory efficacy. Mechanistically, olodaterol attenuated pro-inflammatory mediator release from human parenchymal explants and whole blood and reduced expression of CD11b adhesion molecules on granulocytes, but without direct effects on IL-8-induced neutrophil transwell migration. Conclusions and Implications This is the first evidence for the anti-inflammatory efficacy of a β2-adrenoceptor agonist in models of lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke. The long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol attenuated pulmonary inflammation through mechanisms that are separate from direct inhibition of bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, the in vivo data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of olodaterol are maintained after repeated dosing for 4 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Wex
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Ines Kollak
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Duechs
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Naline
- UPRES EA 220 and Clinical Research Department, Foch Hospital, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, France
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Philippe Devillier
- UPRES EA 220 and Clinical Research Department, Foch Hospital, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, Suresnes, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ding HX, Leverett CA, Kyne RE, Liu KKC, Fink SJ, Flick AC, O’Donnell CJ. Synthetic approaches to the 2013 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1895-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
30
|
Spina D. Pharmacology of novel treatments for COPD: are fixed dose combination LABA/LAMA synergistic? Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:26634. [PMID: 26557255 PMCID: PMC4629759 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators are mainstay for the symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the introduction of long-acting bronchodilators has led to an improvement in the maintenance treatment of this disease. Various clinical trials have evaluated the effects of fixed dose long-acting β2-agonists (LABA)/long-acting anti-muscarinics (LAMA) combinations and documented greater improvements in spirometry but such improvements do not always translate to greater improvements in symptom scores or reduction in the rates of exacerbation compared with a single component drug. An analysis of whether this significantly greater change in spirometry with combination therapy is additive or synergistic was undertaken and is the subject of this review. Bronchodilators are not disease modifiers and whilst glucocorticosteroids have been shown to reduce rates of exacerbation in moderate to severe COPD, the increase risk of pneumonia and bone fractures is a motivation enough to warrant developing novel anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying drugs and with the expectation of positive outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A randomised, placebo-controlled, Phase II, dose-ranging trial of once-daily treatment with olodaterol, a novel long-acting β2-agonist, for 4 weeks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2015; 109:596-605. [PMID: 25829298 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olodaterol is a novel long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) with ≥24-h duration of action in preclinical and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE This Phase II, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding study evaluated four doses of once-daily olodaterol over 4 weeks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters. METHODS Patients received olodaterol inhalation solution or placebo via Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler once daily for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function testing was performed pre-dose (trough) and up to 3 or 6 h post-dose, depending on visit. Primary end point was change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after 4 weeks' treatment. Secondary end points included change from baseline in peak FEV1 and FEV1 area under the curve from 0 to 6 h. RESULTS 405 patients with COPD were randomised and assigned to treatment. Mean baseline post-bronchodilator FEV1 was 1.50 L (54% predicted). All olodaterol doses provided statistically significant increases in trough FEV1 compared to placebo (2 μg: 0.061 L [p = 0.0233]; 5 μg: 0.097 L [p = 0.0003]; 10 μg: 0.123 L [p < 0.0001]; 20 μg: 0.132 L [p < 0.0001]). A clear dose-response relationship was demonstrated regarding pulmonary function; the two highest olodaterol doses (10 and 20 μg) formed the plateau of the dose-response curve. All olodaterol doses were well tolerated, with no dose-dependent safety effects. CONCLUSION Once-daily olodaterol demonstrated 24-h bronchodilator efficacy, confirming its potential as a once-daily LABA for the management of COPD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00452400.
Collapse
|
32
|
Montuschi P, Ciabattoni G. Bronchodilating Drugs for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Current Status and Future Trends. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4131-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuschi
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ciabattoni
- Department of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, Rome, 00168, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nguyen KMH, Schwendimann L, Gressens P, Largeron M. Regiospecific synthesis of neuroprotective 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives through a tandem oxidation–Diels–Alder reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3749-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00049a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized at room temperature, with complete regiochemical control, through a tandem oxidation–Diels–Alder reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khac Minh Huy Nguyen
- UMR 8638 CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris
- 75270 Paris cedex 06
- France
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- Inserm
- F-75019 Paris
- France
- Université Paris Diderot
- F-75019 Paris
| | - Martine Largeron
- UMR 8638 CNRS-Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris
- 75270 Paris cedex 06
- France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zafar MA, Droege C, Foertsch M, Panos RJ. Update on ultra-long-acting β agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1687-701. [PMID: 25139313 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.942730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the last two decades, long-acting β agonists (LABAs) have been a cornerstone in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They relax airway smooth muscle and augment expiratory airflow, which reduces hyperinflation and improves dyspnea, functional capacity and quality of life. In recent years, Indacaterol, a LABA with an ultra-long duration of action (ultra-LABA), which only requires once-daily dosing, was approved by the FDA. The clinical efficacy of indacaterol is comparable, and, in some aspects better, than the currently available LABAs. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy, safety and potential role of the ultra-LABAs in COPD management. EXPERT OPINION Ultra-LABAs are effective bronchodilators with a prolonged duration of action. By decreasing dosing frequency, ultra-LABAs potentially may improve respiratory medication adherence, which is associated with better survival and less healthcare utilization. In addition to their salubrious benefits, β agonists may produce untoward effects. Increased mortality and hospitalizations among patients with left ventricular heart failure, who were treated with β agonists, has caused concern about their use in patients with COPD and heart disease. Further experience and testing will determine the optimal role of ultra-LABAs in the management of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahsan Zafar
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , 1 Albert Sabin Way, MSB Room 6053, Mail Location 0564, Cincinnati, OH 45267 , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW β2-Agonists and muscarinic antagonists are widely used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a number of novel drug targets are being investigated for potential clinical utility. This review will summarize current developments in the field. RECENT FINDINGS The clinical effectiveness of a number of once a day inhaled β2-agonists and muscarinic antagonists is a major advance providing sustained bronchodilation in asthma and COPD. The identification of novel targets (e.g. bitter taste receptor TASR2), the demonstration of clinical effectiveness of others [e.g. phosphodiesterase (PDE)3/4] and exploring the potential of inverse agonists/biased agonists are evidence of continuing interest in the development of novel bronchodilators. SUMMARY Novel long-acting β2-agonists (e.g. indacaterol, vilanterol, olodaterol and carmoterol) and muscarinic antagonists (e.g. tiotropium, aclidinium, glycopyrronium and umeclidinium bromide) document sustained bronchodilation and their combination provides additional benefits over monotherapy. Not surprisingly, inhaled long-acting β2-agonist and long-acting muscarinic antagonists remain the drugs of choice for maintenance bronchodilation. However, there is a continued interest in developing novel bronchodilators illustrated by the clinical effectiveness of long acting mixed PDE3/4 inhibitors, vasointestinal peptide adenylyl cyclase agonists and inverse agonists/biased agonists for the β2-adrenoceptor, and the identification of intracellular (e.g. Rho kinase, exchange proteins activated by cyclic AMP) and cell surface (e.g. TAS2R, natriuretic peptide receptor) targets.
Collapse
|
36
|
Feldman GJ, Bernstein JA, Hamilton A, Nivens MC, Korducki L, LaForce C. The 24-h FEV1 time profile of olodaterol once daily via Respimat® and formoterol twice daily via Aerolizer® in patients with GOLD 2-4 COPD: results from two 6-week crossover studies. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:419. [PMID: 25187881 PMCID: PMC4152473 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT These studies evaluated the 24-h forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) profile of once-daily (QD) olodaterol compared to placebo and twice-daily (BID) formoterol in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In two replicate, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, four-way crossover studies, patients received olodaterol 5 and 10 μg QD, formoterol 12 μg BID, or placebo for 6 weeks in addition to usual-care background maintenance therapy. Co-primary end points were FEV1 area under the curve from 0-12 h (AUC0-12) response (change from baseline) and FEV1 AUC from 12-24 h (AUC12-24) response after 6 weeks, with FEV1 AUC from 0-24 h response identified as a key secondary end point. Other secondary end points included FEV1 AUC from 0-3 h and trough FEV1 responses, as well as corresponding forced vital capacity responses. With both olodaterol doses, FEV1 increased to near-maximal 30 min post-morning dose, which was sustained over 24 h. FEV1 also increased within 30 min post-morning dose of formoterol and was sustained over 12 h; the second formoterol dose resulted in a further increase, sustained for an additional 12 h. FEV1 AUC0-12 and AUC12-24 responses with both QD olodaterol doses and BID formoterol were significantly greater than placebo at 6 weeks (P < .0001). Secondary end-point outcomes were consistent with those of the co-primary end points. These data, together with those from the wider phase III clinical program, provide evidence for the 24-h bronchodilator efficacy of olodaterol QD in this patient population. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT00931385 and NCT00932646.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Feldman
- />From S. Carolina Pharmaceutical Research, 141 Harold Fleming Court, North Grove Medical Park, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29303 USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- />Department of Internal Medicine, Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | | | - Michael C Nivens
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Lawrence Korducki
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ridgefield, Connecticut USA
| | - Craig LaForce
- />North Carolina Clinical Research, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferguson GT, Feldman GJ, Hofbauer P, Hamilton A, Allen L, Korducki L, Sachs P. Efficacy and safety of olodaterol once daily delivered via Respimat® in patients with GOLD 2-4 COPD: results from two replicate 48-week studies. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:629-45. [PMID: 24966672 PMCID: PMC4064950 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s61717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olodaterol is a long-acting β2-agonist with a 24-hour bronchodilator profile. Two replicate, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase III trials were performed as part of a comprehensive clinical program to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of olodaterol in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving usual-care background therapy. METHODS Patients received olodaterol 5 μg or 10 μg or placebo once daily for 48 weeks. Coprimary end points were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) area under the curve from 0 to 3 hours (AUC0-3) response (change from baseline), and trough FEV1 response at 12 weeks. Secondary end points included additional lung function assessments, use of rescue medications, FEV1 AUC response from 0 to 12 hours, and Patient Global Rating over 48 weeks. RESULTS Overall, 624 and 642 patients were evaluated in studies 1222.11 and 1222.12, respectively. In both studies, olodaterol 5 μg and 10 μg significantly improved the FEV1 AUC0-3 response (P<0.0001) and trough FEV1 (study 1222.11, P<0.0001; study 1222.12, P<0.05, post hoc) at week 12, with an incidence of adverse events comparable with that of placebo. Secondary end points supported the efficacy of olodaterol. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate the long-term efficacy and safety of once-daily olodaterol 5 μg and 10 μg in patients with moderate to very severe COPD continuing with usual-care maintenance therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary T Ferguson
- Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast Michigan, Livonia, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa Allen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul Sachs
- Pulmonary Associates of Stamford, Stamford, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jacobsen JR, Aggen JB, Church TJ, Klein U, Pfeiffer JW, Pulido-Rios TM, Thomas GR, Yu C, Moran EJ. Multivalent design of long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists incorporating biarylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2625-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
McKinnell RM, Klein U, Linsell MS, Moran EJ, Nodwell MB, Pfeiffer JW, Thomas GR, Yu C, Jacobsen JR. Discovery of TD-4306, a long-acting β2-agonist for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2871-6. [PMID: 24835980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A multivalent approach focused on amine-based secondary binding groups was applied to the discovery of long-acting inhaled β2-agonists. Addition of amine moieties to the neutral secondary binding group of an existing β2-agonist series was found to provide improved in vivo efficacy, but also led to the formation of biologically active aldehyde metabolites which were viewed as a risk for the development of these compounds. Structural simplification of the scaffold and blocking the site of metabolism to prevent aldehyde formation afforded a potent series of dibasic β2-agonists with improved duration of action relative to their monobasic analogs. Additional optimization led to the discovery of 29 (TD-4306), a potent and selective β2-agonist with potential for once-daily dosing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Murray McKinnell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Uwe Klein
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martin S Linsell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Edmund J Moran
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew B Nodwell
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - G Roger Thomas
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cecile Yu
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John R Jacobsen
- Theravance, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stocks MJ, Alcaraz L, Bailey A, Bonnert R, Cadogan E, Christie J, Dixon J, Connolly S, Cook A, Fisher A, Flaherty A, Humphries A, Ingall A, Jordan S, Lawson M, Mullen A, Nicholls D, Paine S, Pairaudeau G, Young A. Discovery of AZD3199, An Inhaled Ultralong Acting β2 Receptor Agonist with Rapid Onset of Action. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:416-21. [PMID: 24900851 DOI: 10.1021/ml4005232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dibasic des-hydroxy β2 receptor agonists has been prepared and evaluated for potential as inhaled ultralong acting bronchodilators. Determination of activities at the human β-adrenoreceptors demonstrated a series of highly potent and selective β2 receptor agonists that were progressed to further study in a guinea pig histamine-induced bronchoconstriction model. Following further assessment by onset studies in guinea pig tracheal rings and human bronchial rings contracted with methacholine (guinea pigs) or carbachol (humans), duration of action studies in guinea pigs after intratracheal (i.t.) administration and further selectivity and safety profiling AZD3199 was shown to have an excellent over all profile and was progressed into clinical evaluation as a new ultralong acting inhaled β2 receptor agonist with rapid onset of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Stocks
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Lilian Alcaraz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Bailey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Roger Bonnert
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Elaine Cadogan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Jadeen Christie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - John Dixon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Connolly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Cook
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Adrian Fisher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alice Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alexander Humphries
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Anthony Ingall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stephen Jordan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Mandy Lawson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alex Mullen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - David Nicholls
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Stuart Paine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Garry Pairaudeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Department of Bioscience, and §Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
To Market, To Market—2013. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800167-7.00027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
|
42
|
Procopiou PA, Barrett VJ, Biggadike K, Butchers PR, Craven A, Ford AJ, Guntrip SB, Holmes DS, Hughes SC, Jones AE, Looker BE, Mutch PJ, Ruston M, Needham D, Smith CE. Discovery of a Rapidly Metabolized, Long-Acting β2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist with a Short Onset Time Incorporating a Sulfone Group Suitable for Once-Daily Dosing. J Med Chem 2013; 57:159-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Barrett
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Biggadike
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter R. Butchers
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Craven
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J. Ford
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Guntrip
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan S. Holmes
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sara C. Hughes
- Respiratory
Biology, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Jones
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Brian E. Looker
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Mutch
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Ruston
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Needham
- Department of
Medicinal Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Smith
- Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood
Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Smit M, Zuidhof AB, Bos SIT, Maarsingh H, Gosens R, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Bronchoprotection by olodaterol is synergistically enhanced by tiotropium in a guinea pig model of allergic asthma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:303-10. [PMID: 24307202 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.208439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel once-daily β₂-agonist bronchodilator drug olodaterol has recently been shown to be effective in patients with allergic asthma for >24 hours. An increased cholinergic tone common to these patients may decrease the effectiveness of β₂-agonists. This could provide a rationale for combination therapy with olodaterol and the long-acting anticholinergic tiotropium to aim for a once-daily treatment regimen. In guinea pigs, we evaluated the protective effects of olodaterol, alone and in combination with tiotropium, on airway responsiveness to histamine, which is partially mediated by a cholinergic reflex mechanism. In addition, using a guinea pig model of acute allergic asthma, we examined the cooperative effects of these bronchodilators on allergen-induced early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic reactions, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to histamine, and airway inflammation. It was demonstrated that the protective effect of olodaterol against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was synergistically enhanced and prolonged in the presence of tiotropium. In addition, tiotropium synergistically augmented both the reversal of and the protection against the allergen-induced AHR after the EAR by olodaterol. Olodaterol and tiotropium were highly effective in inhibiting the magnitude of the allergen-induced EAR and LAR, and both reactions were fully inhibited by the combination of these drugs. It is remarkable that these effects were not associated with an effect on inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways. In conclusion, the results indicate that combination therapy with olodaterol and tiotropium may be highly effective in the treatment of allergen-induced asthmatic reactions and AHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Smit
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, and Groningen Research for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fragkaki AG, Georgakopoulos C, Sterk S, Nielen MWF. Sports doping: emerging designer and therapeutic β2-agonists. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:242-58. [PMID: 23954776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-adrenergic agonists, or β2-agonists, are considered essential bronchodilator drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptom-relievers and, in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, as disease-controllers. The use of β2-agonists is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to claimed anabolic effects, and also, is prohibited as growth promoters in cattle fattening in the European Union. This paper reviews the last seven-year (2006-2012) literature concerning the development of novel β2-agonists molecules either by modifying the molecule of known β2-agonists or by introducing moieties producing indole-, adamantyl- or phenyl urea derivatives. New emerging β2-agonists molecules for future therapeutic use are also presented, intending to emphasize their potential use for doping purposes or as growth promoters in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A G Fragkaki
- Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens "Spyros Louis", Kifisias 37, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cazzola M, Page CP, Calzetta L, Matera MG. Pharmacology and therapeutics of bronchodilators. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:450-504. [PMID: 22611179 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators are central in the treatment of of airways disorders. They are the mainstay of the current management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are critical in the symptomatic management of asthma, although controversies around the use of these drugs remain. Bronchodilators work through their direct relaxation effect on airway smooth muscle cells. at present, three major classes of bronchodilators, β(2)-adrenoceptor (AR) agonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists, and xanthines are available and can be used individually or in combination. The use of the inhaled route is currently preferred to minimize systemic effects. Fast- and short-acting agents are best used for rescue of symptoms, whereas long-acting agents are best used for maintenance therapy. It has proven difficult to discover novel classes of bronchodilator drugs, although potential new targets are emerging. Consequently, the logical approach has been to improve the existing bronchodilators, although several novel broncholytic classes are under development. An important step in simplifying asthma and COPD management and improving adherence with prescribed therapy is to reduce the dose frequency to the minimum necessary to maintain disease control. Therefore, the incorporation of once-daily dose administration is an important strategy to improve adherence. Several once-daily β(2)-AR agonists or ultra-long-acting β(2)-AR-agonists (LABAs), such as indacaterol, olodaterol, and vilanterol, are already in the market or under development for the treatment of COPD and asthma, but current recommendations suggest the use of LABAs only in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid. In addition, some new potentially long-acting antimuscarinic agents, such as glycopyrronium bromide (NVA-237), aclidinium bromide, and umeclidinium bromide (GSK573719), are under development, as well as combinations of several classes of long-acting bronchodilator drugs, in an attempt to simplify treatment regimens as much as possible. This review will describe the pharmacology and therapeutics of old, new, and emerging classes of bronchodilator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mak G, Hanania NA. New bronchodilators. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2012; 12:238-45. [PMID: 22445544 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2012.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bronchodilators are central in the treatment of airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bronchodilators in COPD aim to improve lung function, reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbation, and enhance quality of life. The majority of programs in development for novel bronchodilators are focused on enhancing existing targets to once daily dosing and improving their safety profiles. However, just as important are other programs that aim to discover novel pharmacologic targets such as EP4 receptor agonists, bitter taste receptors, and selective PDE inhibitors. Furthermore, existing and novel bronchodilators have become vital components of multiple combination therapies targeting COPD. This review will discuss emerging bronchodilators highlighting preclinical data and available clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garbo Mak
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
G-protein coupled receptor and kinase targets: advances in drug discovery from molecular to clinical. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1097-100. [PMID: 21806373 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conference was organized by Visiongain and focused on a number of industrially relevant advances in G-protein coupled receptor and kinase research. Commercial stands were provided by Genscript (Bioassays), Merck Millipore (profiling services), Schrödinger (modeling) and Corning (assay development). The overall attendance was approximately 40 delegates taking part in four sessions over the two days.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dual-pharmacology muscarinic antagonist and β₂ agonist molecules for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1585-605. [PMID: 21942250 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. Bronchodilators, particularly muscarinic antagonists and β(2) agonists, are recommended for patients with moderate to severe COPD. Dual-pharmacology muscarinic antagonist- β(2) agonist (MABA) molecules present an exciting new approach to the treatment of COPD by combining muscarinic antagonism and β(2) agonism in a single entity. They have the potential to demonstrate additive or synergistic bronchodilation over either pharmacology alone. Due to this enticing prospect, several companies have now reported MABA discovery efforts through a conjugated/linked strategy with one candidate (GSK-961081) demonstrating clinical proof of concept. Several MABA crystal forms have been identified, satisfying the requirements for inhaled dosing devices. There are significant challenges in designing MABAs, but the potential to achieve enhanced bronchoprotection in patients and facilitate 'triple therapy' makes this an extremely important and exciting area of pharmaceutical research.
Collapse
|
49
|
Third-generation long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonists: medicinal chemistry strategies employed in the identification of once-daily inhaled β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1607-22. [PMID: 21942251 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) are highly effective bronchodilators in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is significant interest in the development of third-generation compounds that improve upon the marketed twice-daily LABAs salmeterol and formoterol. A principal advantage sought from the next generation is duration of action that supports once-daily dosing, although improved efficacy, faster onset, and increased therapeutic index are also frequently cited as objectives. Recent publications detailing medicinal chemistry programs directed at the discovery of third-generation LABAs illustrate a wide variety of strategies that have been successfully employed towards these goals. Some recent scientific advances in the understanding of inhaled bronchodilators are discussed and the reported medicinal chemistry strategies are reviewed in the context of these advances.
Collapse
|
50
|
Hughes AD, McNamara A, Steinfeld T. Multivalent dual pharmacology muscarinic antagonist and β₂ agonist (MABA) molecules for the treatment of COPD. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 51:71-95. [PMID: 22520472 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396493-9.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hughes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Theravance, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|