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van der Westhuyzen A, Ashraf N, Conradie D, Loots L, Kaschula CH, Pelly SC, Frolova LV, Landfair T, Shuster CB, Betancourt T, Kornienko A, van Otterlo WAL. Improved Rigidin-Inspired Antiproliferative Agents with Modifications on the 7-Deazahypoxanthine C7/C8 Ring Systems. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9950-9975. [PMID: 38865195 PMCID: PMC11215747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
To improve their aqueous solubility characteristics, water-solubilizing groups were added to some antiproliferative, rigidin-inspired 7-deazahypoxanthine frameworks after molecular modeling seemed to indicate that structural modifications on the C7 and/or C8 phenyl groups would be beneficial. To this end, two sets of 7-deazahypoxanthines were synthesized by way of a multicomponent reaction approach. It was subsequently determined that their antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells was retained for those derivatives with a glycol ether at the 4'-position of the C8 aryl ring system, while also significantly improving their solubility behavior. The best of these compounds were the equipotent 6-[4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)benzoyl]-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)-5-phenyl-1,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one 33 and 6-[4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)benzoyl]-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)-1,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one 59. Similarly to the parent 1, the new derivatives were also potent inhibitors of tubulin assembly. In treated HeLa cells, live cell confocal microscopy demonstrated their impact on microtubulin dynamics and spindle morphology, which is the upstream trigger of mitotic delay and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naghmana Ashraf
- Department
of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces ,New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Daleen Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department
of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Leigh Loots
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Catherine H. Kaschula
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Stephen C. Pelly
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive ,Atlanta ,Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Liliya V. Frolova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Purdue University, 2101 East Coliseum Blvd. ,Fort Wayne ,Indiana 46805, United States
| | - Taylor Landfair
- Department
of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces ,New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Charles B. Shuster
- Department
of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces ,New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State
University, San Marcos ,Texas 78666, United States
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State
University, San Marcos ,Texas 78666, United States
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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2
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Manhas D, Dhiman S, Kour H, Kour D, Sharma K, Wazir P, Vij B, Kumar A, Sawant SD, Ahmed Z, Nandi U. ADME/PK Insights of Crocetin: A Molecule Having an Unusual Chemical Structure with Druglike Features. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21494-21509. [PMID: 38764638 PMCID: PMC11097163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Crocetin is a promising phyto-based molecule to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The chemical structure of crocetin is incongruent with various standard structural features of CNS drugs. As poor pharmacokinetic behavior is the major hurdle for any candidate to become a drug, we elucidated its druggable characteristics by implementing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, as limited ADME/PK information is available. Results demonstrate several attributes of crocetin based on rules of drug-likeness, lipophilicity, pKa, P-gp inhibitory activity, plasma stability, RBC partitioning, metabolic stability, CYP inhibitory action, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic interaction with marketed anti-Alzheimer's drugs (memantine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine). However, aqueous solubility, chemical stability, plasma protein binding, and P-gp induction are some concerns associated with this molecule that should be taken into consideration during its further development. Overall results indicate favorable ADME/PK behavior and potential druggable candidature of crocetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Manhas
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kour
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bhavna Vij
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Xing S, Tang X, Wang L, Wang J, Lv B, Wang X, Guo C, Zhao Y, Feng F, Liu W, Chen Y, Sun H. Optimizing drug-like properties of selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive improvement: Enhancing aqueous solubility by disrupting molecular plane. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116289. [PMID: 38452730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Most recently, worldwide interest in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as a potential target for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased. In this study, the previously obtained selective BChE inhibitors with benzimidazole-oxadiazole scaffold were further structurally modified to increase their aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. S16-1029 showed improved solubility (3280 μM, upgraded by 14 times) and PK parameters, including plasma exposure (AUC0-inf = 1729.95 ng/mL*h, upgraded by 2.6 times) and oral bioavailability (Fpo = 48.18%, upgraded by 2 times). S16-1029 also displayed weak or no inhibition against Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and human ether a-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel. In vivo experiments on tissue distribution revealed that S16-1029 could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the central nervous system (CNS). In vivo cognitive improvement efficacy and good in vitro target inhibitory activity (eqBChE IC50 = 11.35 ± 4.84 nM, hBChE IC50 = 48.1 ± 11.4 nM) were also assured. The neuroprotective effects against several AD pathology characteristics allowed S16-1029 to successfully protect the CNS of progressed AD patients. According to the findings of this study, altering molecular planarity might be a viable strategy for improving the drug-like property of CNS-treating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingbing Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Can Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Deng C, Liang L, Xing G, Hua Y, Lu T, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu H. Multi-channel GCN ensembled machine learning model for molecular aqueous solubility prediction on a clean dataset. Mol Divers 2022:10.1007/s11030-022-10465-x. [PMID: 35739374 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study constructed a new aqueous solubility dataset and a solubility regression model which was ensembled by GCN and machine learning models. Aqueous solubility is a key physiochemical property of small molecules in drug discovery. In the past few decades, there have been many studies about solubility prediction. However, many of these studies have high root mean squared error (RMSE). Meanwhile, their dataset always contains salt compounds and solubility data obtained from different experimental conditions. In this paper, we constructed a clean dataset with 2609 compounds, which was small but contains only solubility records without salts at the same temperatures (25 °C). Here, we applied graph convolutional neural network (GCN) to construct an aqueous solubility prediction model. To enhance the performance of the model, the molecular MACCS key fingerprints and physiochemical descriptors were also combined with the GCN model to build a multi-channel model. Additionally, the authors also built two machine learning models (support vector regression and gradient boost decision tree) and assembled them to the GCN model to improve the root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.665). Finally, comparative experiments have shown that our framework achieved the best performance on ESOL dataset (RMSEval = 0.56, RMSEtest = 0.44) and surpassed four established software on aqueous solubility prediction of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Li Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Guomeng Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Haichun Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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5
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Lovelock DF, Nguyen T, Van Voorhies K, Zhang Y, Besheer J. RTICBM-74 Is a Brain-Penetrant Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 1 Allosteric Modulator that Reduces Alcohol Intake in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 380:153-161. [PMID: 34930820 PMCID: PMC11047052 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in the neuronal mechanisms of alcohol use disorder (AUD), with the cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1) representing a promising target for AUD therapeutic interventions. We have previously shown negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the CB1 receptor attenuated the reinstatement of other drugs of abuse including cocaine and methamphetamine in rats; however, their effects on alcohol-related behaviors have not been investigated. Here, we tested the pharmacokinetic properties of one such CB1 NAM, RTICBM-74, and its effects on alcohol self-administration in rats. RTICBM-74 showed low aqueous solubility and high protein binding but had excellent half-life and low clearance against rat liver microsomes and hepatocytes, and excellent brain penetrance in rats. RTICBM-74 pretreatment specifically reduced alcohol intake across a range of doses in male or female Wistar or Long-Evans rats that were trained to self-administer alcohol. These effects were similar to the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant, which was tested as a positive control. Importantly, RTICBM-74 was effective at reducing alcohol intake at doses that did not affect locomotion or sucrose self-administration. Our findings suggest that CB1 NAMs such as RTICBM-74 have promising therapeutic potential in treatment of AUD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The present work shows that a metabolically stable and brain-penetrant cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 negative allosteric modulator reduces alcohol self-administration in rats without affecting locomotion or sucrose self-administration, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis F Lovelock
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Thuy Nguyen
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Kalynn Van Voorhies
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
| | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies (D.F.L., K.V.V., J.B.) and Department of Psychiatry (J.B.), University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (T.N., Y.Z.)
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6
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Carboxylic Acid Counterions in FDA-Approved Pharmaceutical Salts. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1307-1326. [PMID: 34302256 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salification is one of the powerful and widely employed approaches to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. The FDA's eighty-year trajectory of new drug approvals depicts around one-third of the drugs clinically used as their pharmaceutical salts. Among various cationic and anionic counterions used in FDA-approved pharmaceutical salts, the carboxylic acids have significantly contributed. A total of 94 pharmaceutical salts discovered during 1943-2020 comprises carboxylic acids as counterions with a major contribution of acetate, maleate, tartrate, fumarate, and succinate. Hydrocodone tartrate is the first FDA-approved carboxylate salt approved in 1943. Overall, the analysis shows that fifteen carboxylic acid counterions are present in FDA-approved pharmaceutical salts with a major share of acetate (18 drugs). This review provides an account of FDA-approved carboxylate salts from 1939 to 2020. The decade-wise analysis indicates that 1991-2000 contributed a maximum number of carboxylate salts (24) and least (3) in 1939-1950. The technical advantage of carboxylate salts over free-base or other counterions is also discussed. Graphical Abstract.
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Equilibrium solubility, Hansen solubility parameter, dissolution thermodynamics, transfer property and preferential solvation of zonisamide in aqueous binary mixtures of ethanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and N,N-dimethylformamide. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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8
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Wang X, Qian J, Zhu P, Hua R, Liu J, Hang J, Meng C, Shan W, Miao J, Ling Y. Novel Phenylmethylenecyclohexenone Derivatives as Potent TrxR Inhibitors Display High Antiproliferative Activity and Induce ROS, Apoptosis, and DNA Damage. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:702-712. [PMID: 33085980 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural product piperlonguminine (PL) has been shown to exert potential anticancer activity against several types of cancer via elevation of reactive oxidative species (ROS). However, the application of PL has been limited due to its poor water solubility and moderate activity. To improve PL's potency, we designed and synthesized a series of 17 novel phenylmethylenecyclohexenone derivatives and evaluated their pharmacological properties. Most of them exerted antiproliferative activities against four cancer cell lines with IC50 values lower than PL. Among these, compound 10 e not only showed good water solubility and exerted the most potent antiproliferative activity against HGC27 cells (IC50 =0.76 μM), which was 10-fold lower than PL (IC50 =7.53 μM), but also exhibited lower cytotoxicity in human normal gastric epithelial cells GES-1 compared with HGC27 cells. Mechanistically, compound 10 e inhibited thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity, increased ROS levels, and diminished mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) in HGC27 cells. Furthermore, 10 e also induced G2 /M cell-cycle arrest, and triggered cancer cell apoptosis through the regulation of apoptotic proteins. Finally, 10 e promoted DNA damage in HGC27 cells via the activation of the H2AX(S139ph) and p53 signaling. In conclusion, 10 e, with prominent tumor selectivity and water solubility, could be a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer and, as such, warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Taizhou, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China.,School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Taizhou, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiaying Hang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Wenpei Shan
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiefei Miao
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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Gabr MT, Brogi S. MicroRNA-Based Multitarget Approach for Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of the First-In-Class Dual Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase and MicroRNA-15b Biogenesis. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9695-9704. [PMID: 32787143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The multitarget approach in drug design is a powerful strategy in tackling the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report a novel strategy in the design of multitargeted therapeutics for AD through dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and microRNA-15b biogenesis. We performed high-throughput screening (HTS) of a chemical library to identify binders of mircoRNA-15b which is identified as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target of AD. The hits from HTS were further screened for their AChE inhibitory activity, the most widely investigated target for the development of AD therapeutics. MG-6267 was identified as the first dual inhibitor of AChE and microRNA-15b biogenesis. Cellular assays revealed the superiority of MG-6267 to single-targeted inhibitors of AChE and microRNA-15b in protecting SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity. This work paves the way for future research efforts aiming at the development of microRNA-based multitargeted therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Benek O, Korabecny J, Soukup O. A Perspective on Multi-target Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:434-445. [PMID: 32448557 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex pathophysiology that includes aggregation of pathological proteins, impaired neurotransmission, increased oxidative stress, or microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Therapeutics targeting only one of these AD-related subpathologies have not yet been successful in the search for a disease-modifying treatment. Therefore, multi-target drugs (MTDs) aiming simultaneously at several subpathologies are expected to be a better approach. However, the concept of MTD is inherently connected with several limitations, which are often ignored during MTD design and development. Here, we provide an overview of the MTD approach and discuss its potential pitfalls in the context of AD treatment. We also put forward ideas to be used in the rational design of MTDs to obtain drugs that are effective against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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11
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Dallmann A, Ince I, Coboeken K, Eissing T, Hempel G. A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Pregnant Women to Predict the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Metabolized Via Several Enzymatic Pathways. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:749-768. [PMID: 28924743 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling is considered a valuable tool for predicting pharmacokinetic changes in pregnancy to subsequently guide in-vivo pharmacokinetic trials in pregnant women. The objective of this study was to extend and verify a previously developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for pregnant women for the prediction of pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized via several cytochrome P450 enzymes. METHODS Quantitative information on gestation-specific changes in enzyme activity available in the literature was incorporated in a pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model and the pharmacokinetics of eight drugs metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes was predicted. The tested drugs were caffeine, midazolam, nifedipine, metoprolol, ondansetron, granisetron, diazepam, and metronidazole. Pharmacokinetic predictions were evaluated by comparison with in-vivo pharmacokinetic data obtained from the literature. RESULTS The pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model successfully predicted the pharmacokinetics of all tested drugs. The observed pregnancy-induced pharmacokinetic changes were qualitatively and quantitatively reasonably well predicted for all drugs. Ninety-seven percent of the mean plasma concentrations predicted in pregnant women fell within a twofold error range and 63% within a 1.25-fold error range. For all drugs, the predicted area under the concentration-time curve was within a 1.25-fold error range. CONCLUSION The presented pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model can quantitatively predict the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are metabolized via one or multiple cytochrome P450 enzymes by integrating prior knowledge of the pregnancy-related effect on these enzymes. This pregnancy physiologically based pharmacokinetic model may thus be used to identify potential exposure changes in pregnant women a priori and to eventually support informed decision making when clinical trials are designed in this special population.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Ince
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Katrin Coboeken
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eissing
- Clinical Pharmacometrics, Bayer AG, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Georg Hempel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Clinical Pharmacy, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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12
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Raevsky OA, Grigorev VY, Polianczyk DE, Raevskaja OE, Dearden JC. Aqueous Drug Solubility: What Do We Measure, Calculate and QSPR Predict? Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:362-372. [PMID: 30058484 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180727164417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Detailed critical analysis of publications devoted to QSPR of aqueous solubility is presented in the review with discussion of four types of aqueous solubility (three different thermodynamic solubilities with unknown solute structure, intrinsic solubility, solubility in physiological media at pH=7.4 and kinetic solubility), variety of molecular descriptors (from topological to quantum chemical), traditional statistical and machine learning methods as well as original QSPR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Raevsky
- Department of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Veniamin Y Grigorev
- Department of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel E Polianczyk
- Department of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Olga E Raevskaja
- Department of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - John C Dearden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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13
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Kunikawa S, Tanaka A, Takasuna Y, Tasaki M, Chida N. Discovery of 2,4-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine derivatives as protein kinase C theta inhibitors with mitigated time-dependent drug-drug interactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:790-799. [PMID: 30704835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) plays a critical role in T cell signaling and has therapeutic potential for T cell-mediated diseases such as transplant rejection and rheumatoid arthritis. PKCθ inhibitors have emerged as effective immunomodulative agents for the prevention of transplant rejection. We previously reported that the 2,4-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine derivative 2 was a potent PKCθ inhibitor; however, it exhibited CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition (TDI). Here, we report the structural modification of compound 2 into 34 focusing on mitigating CYP3A4 TDI. Compound 34 exhibited potent in vitro activity with mitigated CYP3A4 TDI and efficacy in vivo transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kunikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Takasuna
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tasaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Noboru Chida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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14
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Hansen SE, Marxen E, Janfelt C, Jacobsen J. Buccal delivery of small molecules - Impact of levulinic acid, oleic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate and hypotonicity on ex vivo permeability and spatial distribution in mucosa. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:250-257. [PMID: 30359717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies of drug permeability rate and localization in buccal mucosa are essential to gain new knowledge of means such as chemical enhancers or osmolality to enhance buccal drug transport in the development of new buccal drug products. The transport of caffeine, diazepam and mannitol across porcine buccal mucosa was studied in modified Ussing chambers with a hypotonic donor solution, in the presence of levulinic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), propylene glycol (PG) as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Subsequently, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was applied to image the spatial distribution of caffeine, mannitol and SDS in cross-sections of porcine buccal mucosa. The results revealed that none of the permeation enhancing strategies improved the permeability of caffeine or diazepam, despite impact on the tissue integrity by OA and SDS, as seen by an increased permeability of mannitol. Further studies are needed with OA since PG solvent may have concealed the possible impact of OA. SDS decreased the permeability of caffeine and diazepam, a decrease which can be explained by micellar lipid extraction and encapsulation in micelles. MALDI-MSI showed that SDS permeated into approximately one-third of the epithelium, and it therefore appears that the main permeability barrier for mannitol is located in the outer epithelium. MALDI-MSI was shown to be a useful method for imaging spatial distribution of drugs and permeations enhancers in buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Egebro Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eva Marxen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Kunikawa S, Tanaka A, Takasuna Y, Tasaki M, Chida N. A novel 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivative as selective inhibitor of protein kinase C theta prevents allograft rejection in a rat heart transplant model. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5499-5509. [PMID: 30274941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) plays a critical role in T cell signaling and is an attractive target for the treatment of T cell-mediated diseases such as transplant rejection and autoimmune disease. To identify PKCθ inhibitors, we focused on the 2,6-diamino-3-carbamoyl-5-cyanopyrazine derivative 2, which exhibited moderate PKCθ inhibitory activity. Optimization of 2 identified the 2,4-diamino-5-cyanopyrimidine derivative 16c, which exhibited potent PKCθ inhibitory activity and showed good selectivity against other PKC isozymes. Compound 16c prolonged graft survival in an in vivo rat heterotopic cardiac transplant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kunikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Takasuna
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tasaki
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Noboru Chida
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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16
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Sairaman A, Cardoso FC, Bispat A, Lewis RJ, Duggan PJ, Tuck KL. Synthesis and evaluation of aminobenzothiazoles as blockers of N- and T-type calcium channels. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3046-3059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Wong SQ, Pontifex MG, Phelan MM, Pidathala C, Kraemer BC, Barclay JW, Berry NG, O'Neill PM, Burgoyne RD, Morgan A. α-Methyl-α-phenylsuccinimide ameliorates neurodegeneration in a C. elegans model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 118:40-54. [PMID: 29940336 PMCID: PMC6097874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiepileptic drug ethosuximide has recently been shown to be neuroprotective in various Caenorhabditis elegans and rodent neurodegeneration models. It is therefore a promising repurposing candidate for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, high concentrations of the drug are required for its protective effects in animal models, which may impact on its translational potential and impede the identification of its molecular mechanism of action. Therefore, we set out to develop more potent neuroprotective lead compounds based on ethosuximide as a starting scaffold. Chemoinformatic approaches were used to identify compounds with structural similarity to ethosuximide and to prioritise these based on good predicated blood-brain barrier permeability and C. elegans bioaccumulation properties. Selected compounds were initially screened for anti-convulsant activity in a C. elegans pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure assay, as a rapid primary readout of bioactivity; and then assessed for neuroprotective properties in a C. elegans TDP-43 proteinopathy model based on pan-neuronal expression of human A315T mutant TDP-43. The most potent compound screened, α-methyl-α-phenylsuccinimide (MPS), ameliorated the locomotion defects and extended the shortened lifespan of TDP-43 mutant worms. MPS also directly protected against neurodegeneration by reducing the number of neuronal breaks and cell body losses in GFP-labelled GABAergic motor neurons. Importantly, optimal neuroprotection was exhibited by external application of 50 μM MPS, compared to 8 mM for ethosuximide. This greater potency of MPS was not due to bioaccumulation to higher internal levels within the worm, based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Like ethosuximide, the activity of MPS was abolished by mutation of the evolutionarily conserved FOXO transcription factor, daf-16, suggesting that both compounds act via the same neuroprotective pathway(s). In conclusion, we have revealed a novel neuroprotective activity of MPS that is >100-fold more potent than ethosuximide. This increased potency will facilitate future biochemical studies to identify the direct molecular target(s) of both compounds, as we have shown here that they share a common downstream DAF-16-dependent mechanism of action. Furthermore, MPS is the active metabolite of another approved antiepileptic drug, methsuximide. Therefore, methsuximide may have repurposing potential for treatment of TDP-43 proteinopathies and possibly other human neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Quan Wong
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Matthew G Pontifex
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Marie M Phelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Brian C Kraemer
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
| | - Jeff W Barclay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Neil G Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Robert D Burgoyne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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18
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Avdeef A. Cocrystal Solubility Product Prediction Using an in combo Model and Simulations to Improve Design of Experiments. Pharm Res 2018; 35:40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Ramsay RR, Popovic-Nikolic MR, Nikolic K, Uliassi E, Bolognesi ML. A perspective on multi-target drug discovery and design for complex diseases. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:3. [PMID: 29340951 PMCID: PMC5770353 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of infection, of neurodegeneration (such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases), and of malignancy (cancers) have complex and varied causative factors. Modern drug discovery has the power to identify potential modulators for multiple targets from millions of compounds. Computational approaches allow the determination of the association of each compound with its target before chemical synthesis and biological testing is done. These approaches depend on the prior identification of clinically and biologically validated targets. This Perspective will focus on the molecular and computational approaches that underpin drug design by medicinal chemists to promote understanding and collaboration with clinical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona R Ramsay
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Marija R Popovic-Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elisa Uliassi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Bologna University, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Bologna University, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Zou Y, Yan C, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhang D, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Synthesis and evaluation of N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of piperlongumine as potent anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:313-319. [PMID: 28686911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) selectively targets a wide spectrum of cancer cells and induces their death by triggering various pathways, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. However, the poor solubility is a serious concern for intensive study and clinical application. We synthesized its analogs 1-9 by replacement of the trimethoxyphenyl of PL with an N-heteroaromatic ring and/or not introduction of 2-Cl. These compounds improved aqueous solubility and displayed potent anticancer activity. The most active compound 9 selectively enhanced ROS levels in colon cancer cells and inhibited the cell proliferation but sparing non-tumor colon cells. Importantly, 9 significantly repressed tumor growth in an HCT-116 xenograft mouse model, suggesting that these N-heteroaromatic ring-based analogs of PL warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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21
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Novel 3 H -[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5- c ]pyridine derivatives as GPR119 agonists: Synthesis and structure-activity/solubility relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4339-4354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Li J, Fu J, Huang X, Lu D, Wu J. Predicting hydration free energies of amphetamine-type stimulants with a customized molecular model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:344001. [PMID: 27367616 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/34/344001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are a group of incitation and psychedelic drugs affecting the central nervous system. Physicochemical data for these compounds are essential for understanding the stimulating mechanism, for assessing their environmental impacts, and for developing new drug detection methods. However, experimental data are scarce due to tight regulation of such illicit drugs, yet conventional methods to estimate their properties are often unreliable. Here we introduce a tailor-made multiscale procedure for predicting the hydration free energies and the solvation structures of ATS molecules by a combination of first principles calculations and the classical density functional theory. We demonstrate that the multiscale procedure performs well for a training set with similar molecular characteristics and yields good agreement with a testing set not used in the training. The theoretical predictions serve as a benchmark for the missing experimental data and, importantly, provide microscopic insights into manipulating the hydrophobicity of ATS compounds by chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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23
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Evolution of physicochemical properties of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4559-4564. [PMID: 27595423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One pharmacological principle for the treatment of obesity is blockade of the melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1), which in rodents has been shown to be strongly associated with food intake and energy expenditure. However, discovery of safe and efficacious MCHr1 antagonists has proved to be complex. So far, six compounds have been progressed into clinical trials, but clinical validation of the concept is still lacking. An account of discovery of the three most recent clinical candidates targeting the MCHr1 receptor is given, with an emphasis on their physicochemical properties.
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24
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Solubility-driven lead optimisation: Recent examples and personal perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2975-2979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Nikolic K, Mavridis L, Djikic T, Vucicevic J, Agbaba D, Yelekci K, Mitchell JBO. Drug Design for CNS Diseases: Polypharmacological Profiling of Compounds Using Cheminformatic, 3D-QSAR and Virtual Screening Methodologies. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:265. [PMID: 27375423 PMCID: PMC4901078 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTSMany CNS targets are being explored for multi-target drug design New databases and cheminformatic methods enable prediction of primary pharmaceutical target and off-targets of compounds QSAR, virtual screening and docking methods increase the potential of rational drug design
The diverse cerebral mechanisms implicated in Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases together with the heterogeneous and overlapping nature of phenotypes indicated that multitarget strategies may be appropriate for the improved treatment of complex brain diseases. Understanding how the neurotransmitter systems interact is also important in optimizing therapeutic strategies. Pharmacological intervention on one target will often influence another one, such as the well-established serotonin-dopamine interaction or the dopamine-glutamate interaction. It is now accepted that drug action can involve plural targets and that polypharmacological interaction with multiple targets, to address disease in more subtle and effective ways, is a key concept for development of novel drug candidates against complex CNS diseases. A multi-target therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer‘s disease resulted in the development of very effective Multi-Target Designed Ligands (MTDL) that act on both the cholinergic and monoaminergic systems, and also retard the progression of neurodegeneration by inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Many compounds already in databases have been investigated as ligands for multiple targets in drug-discovery programs. A probabilistic method, the Parzen-Rosenblatt Window approach, was used to build a “predictor” model using data collected from the ChEMBL database. The model can be used to predict both the primary pharmaceutical target and off-targets of a compound based on its structure. Several multi-target ligands were selected for further study, as compounds with possible additional beneficial pharmacological activities. Based on all these findings, it is concluded that multipotent ligands targeting AChE/MAO-A/MAO-B and also D1-R/D2-R/5-HT2A-R/H3-R are promising novel drug candidates with improved efficacy and beneficial neuroleptic and procognitive activities in treatment of Alzheimer's and related neurodegenerative diseases. Structural information for drug targets permits docking and virtual screening and exploration of the molecular determinants of binding, hence facilitating the design of multi-targeted drugs. The crystal structures and models of enzymes of the monoaminergic and cholinergic systems have been used to investigate the structural origins of target selectivity and to identify molecular determinants, in order to design MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazaros Mavridis
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - Teodora Djikic
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jelica Vucicevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kemal Yelekci
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John B O Mitchell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews St Andrews, UK
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26
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Antunes Viegas D, Rodrigues M, Francisco J, Falcão A, Alves G, Santos AO. Development and application of an ex vivo fosphenytoin nasal bioconversion/permeability evaluation method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:61-72. [PMID: 27106504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the intranasal delivery of central nervous system-active drugs due to the existence of a direct nose-to-brain connection. However, poor solubility limits the amount of drug that can be administered within an aqueous solution. In the present work, the objectives were to develop an ex vivo bioconversion/permeability evaluation method and to study the ex vivo bioconversion of the hydrophilic phosphate ester prodrug fosphenytoin (FOS) to the active drug phenytoin (PHT) and their comparative nasal permeation. Bioconversion/permeability studies were performed in excised porcine nasal mucosa mounted in Ussing chambers. The physical integrity of the tissues was evaluated by measurement of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The simultaneous quantitative assay of FOS, PHT and its major metabolite, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) was developed and validated according to international guidelines using a liquid chromatography analytical method. The FOS bioconversion rate and PHT and FOS apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were determined at different time points. FOS bioconversion was also qualitatively investigated in human nasal mucus. The developed liquid chromatography method combines a fast and inexpensive sample preparation with inactivation of the enzymatic metabolism of the prodrug during sample manipulation and storage. It was linear, precise, accurate, and presented a high analyte recovery. FOS was converted ex vivo to PHT but the metabolite HPPH was not detected. The bioconversion rate increased with FOS concentration and with time, which suggests a diffusion-limited process. FOS was also converted to its active drug by human nasal mucus. A novel mathematical data analysis method was developed to reduce the bias introduced by variable mucosal TEER in the permeability results. At comparable FOS and PHT concentrations the ln(Papp(PHT)) of both compounds showed little difference, which indicates that the use of a hydrophilic and charged prodrug did not hinder overall drug permeation. At the highest tested FOS concentration it was possible to quantify FOS in the receiver chambers, meaning that at a sufficiently high concentration the FOS permeation rate overcame its bioconversion rate. The ln(Papp(PHT)) tended to similar equilibrium values as the assay progressed, but with higher FOS concentrations that equilibrium was attained faster. Acidic pH reduced the permeability of both PHT and FOS. The developed bioconversion/permeability evaluation method will constitute an important tool to select the most promising formulations before proceeding to in vivo studies. Importantly, it allowed the demonstration of phosphatase activity and FOS bioconversion in nasal mucosa, as well as the prodrug's nasal permeation potential. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the possibility of formulating phosphate prodrugs of poorly soluble central nervous system-active drugs as a strategy to increase the solubilized drug doses administered through the nasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antunes Viegas
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana Francisco
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Adriana O Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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27
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Carrió P, Sanz F, Pastor M. Toward a unifying strategy for the structure-based prediction of toxicological endpoints. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2445-60. [PMID: 26553148 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Most computational methods used for the prediction of toxicity endpoints are based on the assumption that similar compounds have similar biological properties. This principle can be exploited using computational methods like read across or quantitative structure-activity relationships. However, there is no general agreement about which method is the most appropriate for quantifying compound similarity neither for exploiting the similarity principle in order to obtain reliable estimations of the compound properties. Moreover, optimal similarity metrics and modeling methods might depend on the characteristics of the endpoints and training series used in each case. This study describes a comparative analysis of the predictive performance of diverse similarity metrics and modeling methods in toxicological applications. A collection of two quantitative (n = 660, n = 1114) and three qualitative (n = 447, n = 905, n = 1220) datasets representing very different endpoints of interest in drug safety evaluation and rigorous methods were used to estimate the external predictive ability in each case. The results confirm that no single approach produces the best results in all instances, and the best predictions were obtained using different tools in different situations. The trends observed in this study were exploited to propose a unifying strategy allowing the use of the most suitable method for every compound. A comparison of the quality of the predictions obtained by the unifying strategy with those obtained by standard prediction methods confirmed the usefulness of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Carrió
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Pastor
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrer Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Rankovic Z. CNS Drug Design: Balancing Physicochemical Properties for Optimal Brain Exposure. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2584-608. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501535r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Rankovic
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 South
Delaware Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
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29
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Johnson TN, Zhou D, Bui KH. Development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the relative systemic exposure to quetiapine after administration of IR and XR formulations to adults, children and adolescents. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2014; 35:341-52. [PMID: 24797229 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with a high permeability, moderate solubility and defined as a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class ll compound. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of the quetiapine immediate-release (IR) formulation has been studied in both adults and children, but the quetiapine extended-release (XR) formulation has only been conducted in adults. The purpose of the current study was to use physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) quantitatively to predict the PK of the XR formulation in children and adolescents. Using a 'learn and confirm' approach, PBPK models were developed employing in vitro ADME and physicochemical data, clinical PK data of quetiapine IR/XR in adults and clinical PK data of quetiapine IR in children. These models can predict well the effects of CYP3A4 inhibition and induction on the PK of quetiapine, the PK profile of quetiapine IR in children and adults, and the PK profile of quetiapine XR in adults. The AUC and Cmax ratios (children vs adults) for the different age groups were in reasonable agreement with the observed ratios. In addition, the PBPK model predicted that children and adolescents are likely to achieve a similar exposure following administration of either the XR formulation once daily or the IR formulation twice daily at similar total daily doses. The results from the study can help inform dosing regimens in pediatrics using the quetiapine XR formulation.
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30
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Marin MA, Mallepally RR, McHugh MA. Silk fibroin aerogels for drug delivery applications. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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31
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Meng-Lund E, Jacobsen J, Jin L, Janfelt C, Holm R, Müllertz A, Nicolazzo JA. Azone® Decreases the Buccal Mucosal Permeation of Diazepam in a Concentration-Dependent Manner via a Reservoir Effect. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:1133-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Cui M, Naczynski D, Zevon M, Griffith CK, Sheihet L, Poventud-Fuentes I, Chen S, Roth CM, Moghe PV. Multifunctional albumin nanoparticles as combination drug carriers for intra-tumoral chemotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1236-45. [PMID: 23495216 PMCID: PMC5720860 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Current cancer therapies are challenged by weakly soluble drugs and by drug combinations that exhibit non-uniform biodistribution and poor bioavailability. In this study, we have presented a new platform of advanced healthcare materials based on albumin nanoparticles (ANPs) engineered as tumor penetrating, delivery vehicles of combinatorially applied factors to solid tumors. These materials were designed to overcome three sequential key barriers: tissue level transport across solid tumor matrix; uptake kinetics into individual cancer cells; therapeutic resistance to single chemotherapeutic drugs. The ANPs were designed to penetrate deeper into solid tumor matrices using collagenase decoration and evaluated using a three-dimensional multicellular melanoma tumor spheroid model. Collagenase modified ANPs exhibited 1-2 orders of magnitude greater tumor penetration than unmodified ANPs into the spheroid mass after 96 hours, and showed preferential uptake into individual cancer cells for smaller sized ANPs (<100 nm). For enhanced efficacy, collagenase coated ANPs were modified with two therapeutic agents, curcumin and riluzole, with complementary mechanisms of action for combined cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma. The collagenase coated, drug loaded nanoparticles induced significantly more cell death within 3-D tumor models than the unmodified, dual drug loaded ANP particles and the kinetics of cytotoxicity was further influenced by the ANP size. Thus, multifunctional nanoparticles can be imbued with complementary size and protease activity features that allow them to penetrate solid tumors and deliver combinatorial therapeutic payload with enhanced cancer cytotoxicity but minimal collateral damage to healthy primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dominik Naczynski
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Margot Zevon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Craig K. Griffith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Larisa Sheihet
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Suzie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Charles M. Roth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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33
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Aceves-Hernández JM, Nicolás Vázquez I, Hinojosa-Torres J, Penieres Carrillo G, Arroyo Razo G, Miranda Ruvalcaba R. Sibutramine characterization and solubility, a theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Cao QR, Piao YN, Choi JS, Liu Y, Yang M, Cui JH. Design,in vitrorelease characterization and pharmacokinetics of novel controlled release pellets containing levodropropizine. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:296-303. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Wilde F, Link A. Advances in the design of a multipurpose fragment screening library. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:597-606. [PMID: 23480068 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.780022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) has evolved from an emerging technology to a state-of-the-art approach in drug research. The efficacious use of fragment libraries for the discovery of hits and generation of lead structures has to an increasing extent become implemented both within academia and the pharmaceutical industry but the careful or optimal selection of appropriate fragments remains a demanding task, especially when fragments are intended for the lead generation in more than one or even diverse and difficult targets. AREAS COVERED Progress in non-commercial screening collections of fragment-like compounds for multiple screening purposes deposited at academic institutions is reviewed as well as approaches for the generation of slim and shapely novel platforms for diversity. Recent literature on multipurpose fragment screening libraries and the papers presented at the EFMC-ISMC meeting in Berlin in August 2012 have been taken into account. EXPERT OPINION Existing fragment libraries tend to focus on sp (2)-rich compounds covering well-explored areas of chemical space. In order to improve the quality of the hits and to be able to tackle seemingly undruggable targets, flat scaffolds should be replaced by shapely molecular cores dominated by sp (3) hybridization. Structurally novel fragments are needed and in this respect, the role of halogen bonds has been underestimated. Pooling strategies for fragment cocktails must be designed to detect simultaneous binding of weak ligands in close proximity: cooperative binding is too important to rely on chance discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wilde
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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36
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Setoguchi M, Iimura S, Sugimoto Y, Yoneda Y, Chiba J, Watanabe T, Muro F, Iigo Y, Takayama G, Yokoyama M, Taira T, Aonuma M, Takashi T, Nakayama A, Machinaga N. A novel, potent, and orally active VLA-4 antagonist with good aqueous solubility: trans-4-[1-[[2-(5-Fluoro-2-methylphenylamino)-7-fluoro-6-benzoxazolyl]acetyl]-(5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl-(2S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:42-61. [PMID: 23218775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have carried out the optimization of substituents at the C-3 or the C-5 position on the pyrrolidine ring of VLA-4 antagonist 3 with 2-(phenylamino)-7-fluorobenzoxazolyl moiety for the purpose of improving in vivo efficacy while maintaining good aqueous solubility. As a result, we successfully increased in vitro activity in the presence of 3% human serum albumin and achieved an exquisite lipophilic and hydrophilic balance of compounds suitable for oral administrative regimen. The modification resulted in the identification of zwitterionic compound 7n with (5S)-[methoxy(methyl)amino]methylpyrrolidine, which significantly alleviated bronchial hyper-responsiveness to acetylcholine chloride at 12.5mg/kg, p.o. in a murine asthma model and showed favorable aqueous solubility (JP1, 89 μg/mL; JP2, 462 μg/mL). Furthermore, this compound showed good oral bioavailability (F=54%) in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Setoguchi
- R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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37
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Chevillard F, Lagorce D, Reynès C, Villoutreix BO, Vayer P, Miteva MA. In silico prediction of aqueous solubility: a multimodel protocol based on chemical similarity. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3127-35. [PMID: 23072744 DOI: 10.1021/mp300234q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility is one of the most important ADMET properties to assess and to optimize during the drug discovery process. At present, accurate prediction of solubility remains very challenging and there is an important need of independent benchmarking of the existing in silico models such as to suggest solutions for their improvement. In this study, we developed a new protocol for improved solubility prediction by combining several existing models available in commercial or free software packages. We first performed an evaluation of ten in silico models for aqueous solubility prediction on several data sets in order to assess the reliability of the methods, and we proposed a new diverse data set of 150 molecules as relevant test set, SolDiv150. We developed a random forest protocol to evaluate the performance of different fingerprints for aqueous solubility prediction based on molecular structure similarity. Our protocol, called a "multimodel protocol", allows selecting the most accurate model for a compound of interest among the employed models or software packages, achieving r(2) of 0.84 when applied to SolDiv150. We also found that all models assessed here performed better on druglike molecules than on real drugs, thus additional improvement is needed in this direction. Overall, our approach enlarges the applicability domain as demonstrated by the more accurate results for solubility prediction obtained using our protocol in comparison to using individual models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Chevillard
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Inserm UMR-S 973, 35 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
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38
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Lead optimization of 4,4-biaryl piperidine amides as γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3203-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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39
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Improving the prediction of the brain disposition for orally administered drugs using BDDCS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:95-109. [PMID: 22261306 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In modeling blood-brain barrier (BBB) passage, in silico models have yielded ~80% prediction accuracy, and are currently used in early drug discovery. Being derived from molecular structural information only, these models do not take into account the biological factors responsible for the in vivo outcome. Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1) efflux have been successfully recognized to impact xenobiotic extrusion from the brain, as Pgp is known to play a role in limiting the BBB penetration of oral drugs in humans. However, these two properties alone fail to explain the BBB penetration for a significant number of marketed central nervous system (CNS) agents. The Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System (BDDCS) has proved useful in predicting drug disposition in the human body, particularly in the liver and intestine. Here we discuss the value of using BDDCS to improve BBB predictions of oral drugs. BDDCS class membership was integrated with in vitro Pgp efflux and in silico permeability data to create a simple 3-step classification tree that accurately predicted CNS disposition for more than 90% of 153 drugs in our data set. About 98% of BDDCS class 1 drugs were found to markedly distribute throughout the brain; this includes a number of BDDCS class 1 drugs shown to be Pgp substrates. This new perspective provides a further interpretation of how Pgp influences the sedative effects of H1-histamine receptor antagonists.
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40
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Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies must find a better way to increase their output of truly new drugs for the benefit of patients and for their business survival. Here, I highlight a general perspective from within pharmaceutical research as it pertains to research advances in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology that, if well integrated, stands to put the industry on a productive path. In addition, I provide a complementary perspective on the corporate culture aspect of innovation. I also introduce a new concept, termed 'innovation ASAP' (iASAP; asking powerful questions, seeking the outliers, accepting defeat and populating astutely) and provide support for it using examples of several successful drugs.
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41
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Bennani YL. Drug discovery in the next decade: innovation needed ASAP. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:779-92. [PMID: 21704185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies must find a better way to increase their output of truly new drugs for the benefit of patients and for their business survival. Here, I highlight a general perspective from within pharmaceutical research as it pertains to research advances in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology that, if well integrated, stands to put the industry on a productive path. In addition, I provide a complementary perspective on the corporate culture aspect of innovation. I also introduce a new concept, termed 'innovation ASAP' (iASAP; asking powerful questions, seeking the outliers, accepting defeat and populating astutely) and provide support for it using examples of several successful drugs.
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42
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Ishikawa M, Hashimoto Y. Improvement in aqueous solubility in small molecule drug discovery programs by disruption of molecular planarity and symmetry. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1539-54. [PMID: 21344906 DOI: 10.1021/jm101356p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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