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Noppradit B, Klinnawee L, Leeratiwong C, Praparatana R, Puttarak P. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and Hydrocotyle umbellata L. identification and quality assessment: A methodology comparison. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:1383-1398. [PMID: 38747201 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centella is an important genus in the Apiaceae family. It includes Centella asiatica, which has significant edible and medicinal values. However, this species is easily confused due to its similar morphological traits to Hydrocotyle umbellata, hindering its utilization in the consumer and pharmacological industries. OBJECTIVE The study aims to differentiate these two closely related plant species using reliable methods of confirming the authenticity of natural herbal medicines. METHODS Our work mainly focuses on the basic morphological characteristics, chemical markers, genetic fingerprints, and their biological responses. RESULTS The plants can be clearly differentiated using their leaf shapes, stipules, petioles, inflorescences, and fruit structures. Although the phytochemical compositions of the C. asiatica extract were similar to that of H. umbellata which included flavonoids, tannins, and saponins important to the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing of wounds, the H. umbellata extract showed significantly higher toxicity than that of C. asiatica. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify chemical fingerprints. The result revealed that C. asiatica had major triterpene glycoside constituents including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid, which have a wide range of medicinal values. In contrast, triterpenoid saponins were not identified in H. umbellata. Furthermore, using SCoT1-6 primers was possible to effectively and sufficiently created a dendrogram which successfully identified the closeness of the plants and confirmed the differences between the two plant species. CONCLUSION Therefore, differentiation can be achieved through the combination of morphometrics, molecular bioactivity, and chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Noppradit
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Lompong Klinnawee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Plant Cell and Physiology for Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Charan Leeratiwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Panupong Puttarak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Jamtsho T, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:819. [PMID: 39065669 PMCID: PMC11279646 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research is increasingly revealing that inflammation significantly contributes to various diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a major medical challenge due to its chronic nature, affecting at least one in a thousand individuals in many Western countries, with rising incidence in developing nations. Historically, indigenous people have used natural products to treat ailments, including IBD. Ethnobotanically guided studies have shown that plant-derived extracts and compounds effectively modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Similarly, helminths and their products offer unique mechanisms to modulate host immunity and alleviate inflammatory responses. This review explored the pharmaceutical potential of Aboriginal remedial plants and helminths for treating IBD, emphasizing recent advances in discovering anti-inflammatory small-molecule drug leads. The literature from Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was retrieved using keywords such as natural product, small molecule, cytokines, remedial plants, and helminths. This review identified 55 important Aboriginal medicinal plants and 9 helminth species that have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties using animal models and in vitro cell assays. For example, curcumin, berberine, and triptolide, which have been isolated from plants; and the excretory-secretory products and their protein, which have been collected from helminths, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with lower toxicity and fewer side effects. High-throughput screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have been engaged in compound identification, while clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing and RNA sequencing have been employed to understand molecular interactions and regulations. While there is potential for pharmaceutical application of Aboriginal medicinal plants and gastrointestinal parasites in treating IBD, there is an urgent need to qualify these plant and helminth therapies through reproducible clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Jamtsho
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Ruan J, Shi Z, Cao X, Dang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wang T. Research Progress on Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Related Mechanisms of Astragalin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4476. [PMID: 38674061 PMCID: PMC11050484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to the development of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and other illnesses. In the academic field, there is a constant demand for effective methods to alleviate inflammation. Astragalin (AST), a type of flavonoid glycoside that is the primary component in several widely used traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medications in clinical practice, has garnered attention from numerous experts and scholars. This article focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of AST and conducts research on relevant literature from 2003 to 2023. The findings indicate that AST demonstrates promising anti-inflammatory potential in various models of inflammatory diseases. Specifically, AST is believed to possess inhibitory effects on inflammation-related factors and protein levels in various in vitro cell models, such as macrophages, microglia, and epithelial cells. In vivo studies have shown that AST effectively alleviates neuroinflammation and brain damage while also exhibiting potential for treating moderate diseases such as depression and stroke; it also demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects on both large and small intestinal epithelial cells. Animal experiments have further demonstrated that AST exerts therapeutic effects on colitis mice. Molecular biology studies have revealed that AST regulates complex signaling networks, including NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT pathways, etc. In conclusion, this review will provide insights and references for the development of AST as an anti-inflammatory agent as well as for related drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Zhongwei Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zhunan Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lijie Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.R.); (X.C.); (Z.D.); (Q.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (Z.S.); (W.Z.); (L.W.)
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Yeshi K, Turpin G, Jamtsho T, Wangchuk P. Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123849. [PMID: 35744969 PMCID: PMC9231311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerry Turpin
- Tropical Herbarium of Australia, James Cook University, Building E1, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Yangchenphug High School, Ministry of Education, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Khan K, Basharat Z, Jalal K, Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alshamrani S, Uddin R. Identification of Therapeutic Targets in an Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen Campylobacter ureolyticus and Possible Intervention through Natural Products. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050680. [PMID: 35625323 PMCID: PMC9137744 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter ureolyticus is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria that causes gastrointestinal infections. Being the most prevalent cause of bacterial enteritis globally, infection by this bacterium is linked with significant morbidity and mortality in children and immunocompromised patients. No information on pan-therapeutic drug targets for this species is available yet. In the current study, a pan-genome analysis was performed on 13 strains of C. ureolyticus to prioritize potent drug targets from the identified core genome. In total, 26 druggable proteins were identified using subtractive genomics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on the mining of drug targets in C. ureolyticus. UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) was selected as a promiscuous pharmacological target for virtual screening of two bacterial-derived natural product libraries, i.e., postbiotics (n = 78) and streptomycin (n = 737) compounds. LpxC inhibitors from the ZINC database (n = 142 compounds) were also studied with reference to LpxC of C. ureolyticus. The top three docked compounds from each library (including ZINC26844580, ZINC13474902, ZINC13474878, Notoginsenoside St-4, Asiaticoside F, Paraherquamide E, Phytoene, Lycopene, and Sparsomycin) were selected based on their binding energies and validated using molecular dynamics simulations. To help identify potential risks associated with the selected compounds, ADMET profiling was also performed and most of the compounds were considered safe. Our findings may serve as baseline information for laboratory studies leading to the discovery of drugs for use against C. ureolyticus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- PCMD, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (K.K.); (R.U.)
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Mutaib M. Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Reaz Uddin
- PCMD, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (K.K.); (R.U.)
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Arribas-López E, Zand N, Ojo O, Snowden MJ, Kochhar T. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Centella asiatica on Wound Healing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3266. [PMID: 35328954 PMCID: PMC8956065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under metabolic stress conditions, there is a higher demand for nutrients which needs to be met. This is to reduce the risk of delay in wound healing which could lead to chronic wound. AIM This is a systematic review of the effect of Centella asiatica on wound healing. C. asiatica is a traditional medicinal plant used due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and wound healing properties. METHODS PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed for the systematic review and four electronic databases were used. RESULTS Four clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. The following distinct areas were identified under C. asiatica: wound contraction and granulation; healing/bleeding time and re-epithelialization; VAS (visual analogue scale) scores; skin erythema and wound appearance. CONCLUSIONS C. asiatica might enhance wound healing resulting from improved angiogenesis. This might occur due to its stimulating effect on collagen I, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) production. Besides, C. asiatica has shown an anti-inflammatory effect observed by the reduction in Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Delivery systems such as nanoencapsulation could be used to increase C. asiatica bioavailability. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to perform a meta-analysis and ascertain the effects of C. asiatica on wound healing and its different parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Arribas-López
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Nazanin Zand
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, Avery Hill Campus, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG, UK
| | - Martin John Snowden
- School of Science, Medway Campus, University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (E.A.-L.); (N.Z.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Tony Kochhar
- HCA London Bridge Hospital, Tooley Street, London SE1 2PR, UK;
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Masi F, Chianese G, Peterlongo F, Riva A, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Phytochemical profile of Centevita®, a Centella asiatica leaves extract, and isolation of a new oleanane-type saponin. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105163. [PMID: 35217117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular medicinal plant and several phytotherapic products in the market include its extracts as active constituents. A LC-MS guided phytochemical investigation on the commercial C. asiatica leaves extract named Centevita® allowed characterization and quantification of 24 secondary metabolites including 10 polyphenols and 14 ursane- or oleanane-type triterpenoids in the sapogenin or saponin form. This metabolomic analysis, besides confirming that the triterpenoid fraction roughly accounts for 45% of the extract weight, also resulted in the discovery of isoterminoloside, a new triglycoside saponin of the unprecedented 2α,3β,6β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (isoterminolic acid). The structure of isoterminoloside was characterized by a detailed ESI-MS and NMR investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Masi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Riva
- Indena SpA, via Don Minzoni, 6, 20049, Settala, Milan, Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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Biswas D, Mandal S, Chatterjee Saha S, Tudu CK, Nandy S, Batiha GES, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Dey A. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6624-6654. [PMID: 34463404 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The well-known medicinal plant Centella asiatica (L.) Urban is an Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of different health problems and as an edible vegetable in a regular diet. Ease of availability in the wide range of environmental conditions plus low-cost cultivation process has made the plant popular in ethno-medicinal healthcare systems. In the present review, phytochemical analysis of plant-extract and pharmacological activities of bioactive-compounds are discussed based upon the available reports to understand their therapeutic potentialities along with the mechanisms behind. The results exhibited that C. asiatica and its triterpenoids demonstrated an array of pharmacological effects and health benefits, some of which were confirmed in many preclinical and clinical studies. Those reports also provided considerable evidences in support of the principles of folk treatment in different countries. Increase and maintenance of the prospective plant secondary metabolites would provide an enriched resource of drug molecules. Development of suitable derivatives of the therapeutic compounds can give an assurance for getting more effective drug candidates with reduced side effects. The review also enumerates the application of advanced nanotechnology, toxicology, and clinical-trial reports on the plant with notes on the shortcomings in the present research and future perspectives of using this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dew Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Samapika Nandy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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Moon SH, Son JL, Shin SJ, Oh SH, Kim SH, Bae JM. Inhibitory Effect of Asplenium incisum on Bacterial Growth, Inflammation, and Osteoclastogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070641. [PMID: 34206271 PMCID: PMC8307819 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives:Asplenium incisum, a natural plant, is known to possess numerous pharmacological and biochemical properties. However, the inhibitory effect of A. incisum against Porphyromonas gingivalis and other factors related to periodontal disease have not yet been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the potential of A. incisum extract as a phytotherapeutic candidate for improving periodontal diseases by assessing its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities. Materials and Methods: The inhibition of proliferation of P. gingivalis by A. incisum and the sustainability of its antibacterial activity were evaluated in this study. The production of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) and nitric oxide (NO) from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To identify the anti-osteoclastogenic activity, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and TRAP activity analyses were performed on bone marrow macrophages. Results: The proliferation of P. gingivalis was significantly inhibited by A. incisum (p < 0.001), and the antibacterial activity was sustained for up to 3 days. A. incisum showed anti-inflammatory activities by significantly decreasing the release of TNF-α, IL-6 (p < 0.05), and NO (p < 0.01). In addition, A. incisum significantly suppressed TRAP-positive cells and TRAP activity (at 30 μg/mL, p < 0.01) without causing any cytotoxicity (p > 0.05). Conclusions:A. incisum showed antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities, suggesting it has strong therapeutic potential against periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hee Moon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Ju-Lee Son
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonkwang Health Science University, 514 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Seung-Han Oh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Seong-Hwan Kim
- Innovative Target Research Center, Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
| | - Ji-Myung Bae
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Korea; (S.-H.M.); (S.-H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6859
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Cuc NT, Yen DTH, Yen PH, Hang DTT, Tai BH, Seo Y, Namkung W, Kim SH, Cuong PV, Kiem PV, Nhiem NX, Ngoc TM. Dihydrostilbene glycosides from Camellia sinensis var. assamica and their cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3931-3937. [PMID: 33749416 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three undescribed dihydrostilbene glycosides, 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-[6''-O-(4'''-hydroxylbenzoyl)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), and 3,5-dihydroxyldihydrostilbene 4'-O-[6''-O-(3''',4'''-dimethoxyl)galloyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and seven known compounds, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), isoquercitrin (5), kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6), quercitrin (7), (6S,9R)-roseoside (8), (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate (9), and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (10) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of Camellia sinensis var. assamica (J.W.Mast.) Kitam. (synnonym of Camellia assamica (Mast.) H.T.Chang) (Theaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1 D-, 2 D-NMR) and mass spectra. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human oral cancer (CAL27) and human breast cancer (MDAMB231) cell lines. Compound 10 showed significant cytotoxic activity against CAL27 and MDAMB231 cell lines with IC50 values of 9.78 ± 0.25 and 3.27 ± 0.18 μM, respectively, compared to those of positive control, capecitabine (IC50 values of 8.20 ± 0.75 and 5.20 ± 0.89 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Cuc
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dan Thi Thuy Hang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yohan Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeonbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Van Cuong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Ngoc
- Traditional Medicine Administration, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
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11
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Han YM, Koh J, Kim JH, Lee J, Im JP, Kim JS. Astragalin Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Gut Liver 2021; 15:100-108. [PMID: 32390406 PMCID: PMC7817923 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside) is a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of persimmon or Rosa agrestis. Astragalin exhibits various anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about its therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of astragalin via blockade of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells and a murine colitis model. Methods HCT-116 and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells were pretreated with astragalin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cell viability was assessed by the MTS assay. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the messenger RNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The effect of astragalin on the NF-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis model was used for in vivo experiments. Results Astragalin strongly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human colonic epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that astragalin inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation. Additionally, astragalin reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Astragalin alleviated colon shortening and improved the pathologic scores in DSS-induced acute murine colitis model. Furthermore, astragalin reduced the level of phosphorylated IκBα and decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the DSS-treated colon mucosa. Conclusions Astragalin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB pathway inhibition and attenuated murine colitis. Astragalin is thus a potential therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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12
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A Review of Malaysian Herbal Plants and Their Active Constituents with Potential Therapeutic Applications in Sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8257817. [PMID: 33193799 PMCID: PMC7641701 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis refers to organ failure due to uncontrolled body immune responses towards infection. The systemic inflammatory response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, is accompanied by the release of various proinflammatory mediators that can lead to organ damage. The progression to septic shock is even more life-threatening due to hypotension. Thus, sepsis is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. However, current therapies are mainly symptomatic treatment and rely on the use of antibiotics. The lack of a specific treatment demands exploration of new drugs. Malaysian herbal plants have a long history of usage for medicinal purposes. A total of 64 Malaysian plants commonly used in the herbal industry have been published in Malaysian Herbal Monograph 2015 and Globinmed website (http://www.globinmed.com/). An extensive bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus revealed that seven of these plants have antisepsis properties, as evidenced by the therapeutic effect of their extracts or isolated compounds against sepsis-associated inflammatory responses or conditions in in vitro or/and in vivo studies. These include Andrographis paniculata, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Syzygium aromaticum, Momordica charantia, and Centella asiatica. Among these, Z. officinale is the most widely studied plant and seems to have the highest potential for future therapeutic applications in sepsis. Although both extracts as well as active constituents from these herbal plants have demonstrated potential antisepsis activity, the activity might be primarily contributed by the active constituent(s) from each of these plants, which are andrographolide (A. paniculata), 6-gingerol and zingerone (Z. officinale), curcumin (C. longa), piperine and pellitorine (P. nigrum), biflorin (S. aromaticum), and asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassoside (C. asiatica). These active constituents have shown great antisepsis effects, and further investigations into their clinical therapeutic potential may be worthwhile.
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13
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Wu ZW, Li WB, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang L, Chen B, Wang MK, Ji L, Hu WC, Li F. Oleanane- and Ursane-Type Triterpene Saponins from Centella asiatica Exhibit Neuroprotective Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6977-6986. [PMID: 32502339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins, centelloside F (1), centelloside G (2), 11-oxo-asiaticoside B (3), 11-oxo-madecassoside (4), 11(β)-methoxy asiaticoside B (5), and 11(β)-methoxy madecassoside (6), along with seven known ones, asiaticoside (7), asiaticoside B (8), madecassoside (9), centellasaponin A (10), isoasiaticoside (11), scheffoleoside A (12), and centelloside E (13), were separated from the 80% MeOH extract of the whole plant of Centella asiatica, which has been used as a medicinal plant and is now commercially available as a diatery supplement in many countries. Compounds 1 and 2, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6 are three pairs of isomers with oleanane- or ursane-type triterpenes as aglycones. The chemical structures of the new triterpene saponins were fully characterized by extensive analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. The protective effects of compounds 1-13 on PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA were screened, and compound 3 displayed the best neuroprotective effect, with 91.75% cell viability at the concentration of 100 μM. Moreover, compound 3 also attenuated cell apoptosis and increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. Additionally, compound 3 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, including PDK1, Akt, and GSK-3β. These findings suggested that triterpene saponins from C. asiatica were worthy of further biological research to develop new neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Wei Wu
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Technical Center of Beijing Customs District, Beijing 100026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kui Wang
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilian Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Cheng Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cuc NT, Cuong NT, Anh LT, Yen DTH, Tai BH, Thu Trang D, Yen PH, Kiem PV, Nam NH, Minh CV, Nhiem NX. Dihydrostilbene glycosides from Camellia sasanqua and their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4025-4031. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1756802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Cuc
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen The Cuong
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Luu The Anh
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Bui Huu Tai
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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15
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Chen WH, Luo Z, Ning ZW, Peng J, Hu XP, Zhai LX, Wen B, Xiao HT, Bian ZX. Rapid identification of direct-acting pancreatic protectants from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves tea by the method of serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractExtracts of Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) leaves, a popular sweet tea, inhibit pancreatic β cell apoptosis and have potent hypoglycemic effects, but the identities of the anti-apoptotic bioactive components are still unknown. In the present study, a method using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on serum pharmacochemistry combined with target cell extraction was established to rapidly identify direct-acting pancreatic protectants from CP. After orally administering a set amount of CP extract to rats, blood samples were collected to characterize the components that can be absorbed into the blood using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Also, target cells (pancreatic β NIT-1 cells) were incubated with CP extract for 24 hours, and cells were collected to identify the components that can bind to the cells using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Finally, to evaluate the protective effect of the bioactive components of CP, MTT and TUNEL assays were performed on treated NIT-1 cell induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Three potential direct-acting pancreatic protectants -- kaempferol, quercetin, quadranoside IV -- were identified, and anti-apoptotic effects of kaempferol and quercetin were confirmed in STZ-induced NIT-1 cells. The findings indicate that this combined approach is a feasible, rapid, and expedient tool for capturing potential direct-acting components from natural products such as those from CP leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Infinite Chinese Herbal Immunity Research Center, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zi-Wan Ning
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiao Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, 518035Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-peng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-xiang Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai-tao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Zhao-xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Tenfen A, Vechi G, Cechinel-Zanchett CC, Lorenzett TS, Reginato-Couto CE, Siebert DA, Vitali L, Micke G, Klein-Júnior LC, Cechinel Filho V. Phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS of six Brazilian Eugenia species and their potential as cholinesterase inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2608-2611. [PMID: 31680559 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1686369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eugenia genus is known for its phenolic metabolites, which may influence the progression of the Alzheimer Disease. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinesterase effects of six Eugenia species from Brazil. Leaves and stems were submitted to maceration (methanol) and partitioned with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc). Samples were screened (200 μg mL-1) for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of twenty-eight phenolic compounds. Regarding the enzymatic activity, EtOAc fraction of E. mattosii exhibited the best results. Chemical and pharmacological aspects of seasonal E. mattosii extracts were evaluated. The extract from leaves collected in the winter was the most effective for AChE, and the extract from leaves collected in the spring was the most effective for BuChE. Correlating the enzymatic results with the chemical data, it was possible to associate these effects to isoquercitrin, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, procatecuic acid and myricitrin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrielli Tenfen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Vechi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camile Cecconi Cechinel-Zanchett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thaís Savoldi Lorenzett
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila Esmério Reginato-Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diogo Alexandre Siebert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciano Vitali
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Micke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação e Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) - Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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17
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Subaraja M, Vanisree AJ. The novel phytocomponent asiaticoside-D isolated from Centella asiatica exhibits monoamine oxidase-B inhibiting potential in the rotenone degenerated cerebral ganglions of Lumbricus terrestris. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152833. [PMID: 30903943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica (CA) is one of the most valuable herbal medicines widely being used for the treatment of various neurological ailments that are challenging for health-care providers and also is deemed to be safe and effective. PURPOSE Monoamines (MAs) are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that play a significant role in the neural communication, regulation of motor and cognitive functions in the brain. Neurodegeneration is associated with elevated levels of MAO-B that can lead to damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. The current study, evaluated the effects of asiaticoside-D (AD) from neuroprotective CA, on the levels and activities of monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and B), in addition to the behavioral analysis. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative analyses of various solvent extracts of CA were performed. The extracts were screened for antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical, nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibition, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The purification of AD was done by column, thin layer and high-performance liquid chromatographies followed by structural elucidation using IR, HR-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Docking studies were performed to assess the impact of AD on MAO-A and B.In vivo, Lumbricus terrestris were exposed to 0.4 ppm rotenone (ROT) of medium for 7 days and were subjected to co-treatment along with 15 ppm of AD from CA. At the end of experiment period, the neuronal behavior of worms was assessed. Cerebral ganglions (CGs) were removed and the m-RNA levels of MAO-A and B were analyzed by Semi Q-PCR and their activities were also analyzed. RESULTS The ethanolic extracts exhibited higher antiradical activity against DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, LPO, FRAP, NO and vitamin C with EC50 value of 20.2, 20.9, 20.4, 22.0, 24.9, 28.1, 25.5 and 22.0 µg/ml respectively. Structural analysis by IR, HR-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectrum have shown the structure of the isolated compound as (2α, 3β)-2,3-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-copyranosyl ester and was represented as AD. In silico interaction of AD with MAO-A and B residues Lys312 at distances of 1.84 Å and 2.44 Å respectively was found to exhibit high binding energy of -9.4 and 7.4 kcal. The neuronal behavior using L. terrestris showed significant improvement against (p < 0.001) ROT impaired behavior (group II) on AD supplementation (p < 0.05). Further, the m-RNA levels and activities of MAO-A and B which were significantly altered (p < 0.001) by ROT could be effectively maintained on AD supplementation. CONCLUSION AD was found to exert its negative impact on the levels and activities of MAO-A and B in CGs of rotenone- induced changes in L. terrestris, the property which is considered to be crucial against ROT induced neurodegenerative pathology like -Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamangam Subaraja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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18
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Jia Q, Wang T, Wang X, Xu H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi Q, Liang Q. Astragalin Suppresses Inflammatory Responses and Bone Destruction in Mice With Collagen-Induced Arthritis and in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30809149 PMCID: PMC6379316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragalin, as a bioactive flavonoid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and protective properties, provides a potential agent for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, its therapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms were explored using DBA/1J mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). It was demonstrated that astragalin could significantly attenuate inflammation of CIA mice. The effects were associated with decreased severity of arthritis (based on the arthritis index), joint swelling and reduced bone erosion and destruction. Furthermore, astragalin treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), and inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) in chondrocytes and synovial cells of CIA mice. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from RA patients (MH7A cells) were applied to verify these effects. In vitro, astragalin inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13) dose-dependently in TNF-α-induced MH7A cells, with no apparent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, astragalin suppressed the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and the activation of c-Jun/AP-1 in TNF-α-induced MH7A cells. In conclusion, it has proven that astragalin could attenuate synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA at least partially by restraining the phosphorylation of MAPKs and the activating of c-Jun/AP-1. Therefore, astragalin can be a potential therapeutic agent for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Jia
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Faruque MO, Feng G, Khan MNA, Barlow JW, Ankhi UR, Hu S, Kamaruzzaman M, Uddin SB, Hu X. Qualitative and quantitative ethnobotanical study of the Pangkhua community in Bilaichari Upazilla, Rangamati District, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:8. [PMID: 30722779 PMCID: PMC6364474 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study documents the ethnomedicinal knowledge among the traditional healers of the Pangkhua indigenous community of Bangladesh. The documented data from this area was quantitatively analyzed for the first time. We aimed to record ethnomedicinal information from both the traditional healers and also the elderly men and women of the community, in order to compile and document all available information concerning plant use and preserve it for the coming generations. We aimed to compare how already known species are used compared to elsewhere and particularly to highlight new ethnomedicinal plant species alongside their therapeutic use(s). METHODS All ethnomedicinal information was collected following established techniques. Open-ended and semi-structured techniques were primarily utilized. Data was analyzed using different quantitative indices. The level of homogeneity between information provided by different informants was calculated using the Informant Consensus Factor. All recorded plant species are presented in tabular format, alongside corresponding ethnomedicinal usage information. RESULTS This investigation revealed the traditional use of 117 plant species, distributed among 104 genera and belonging to 54 families. There was strong agreement among the informants regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants, with Factor of Informant Consensus (FIC) values ranging from 0.50 to 0.66, with the highest number of species (49) being used for the treatment of digestive system disorders (FIC 0.66). In contrast, the least agreement (FIC = 0.50) between informants regarding therapeutic uses was observed for plants used to treat urinary disorders. The present study was compared with 43 prior ethnomedicinal studies, conducted both nationally and in neighboring countries, and the results revealed that the Jaccard index (JI) ranged from 1.65 to 33.00. The highest degree of similarity (33.00) was found with another study conducted in Bangladesh, while the lowest degree of similarity (1.65) was found with a study conducted in Pakistan. This study recorded 12 new ethnomedicinal plant species, of which 6 have never been studied pharmacologically to date. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the Pangkhua community still depends substantially on ethnomedicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments and diseases and that several of these plants are used in novel ways or represented their first instances of use for medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Omar Faruque
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034 China
| | | | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Umme Ruman Ankhi
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Sheng Hu
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, 430034 China
| | - M. Kamaruzzaman
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, Collage of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Shaikh Bokhtear Uddin
- Ethnobotany and Pharmacognosy Lab, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, 4331 Bangladesh
| | - Xuebo Hu
- Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Molecular Engineering, Department of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center in Hubei for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Medicinal Plant Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Riaz A, Rasul A, Hussain G, Zahoor MK, Jabeen F, Subhani Z, Younis T, Ali M, Sarfraz I, Selamoglu Z. Astragalin: A Bioactive Phytochemical with Potential Therapeutic Activities. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2018; 2018:9794625. [PMID: 29853868 PMCID: PMC5954929 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9794625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovery of drugs. This review article intends to emphasize on one of the naturally occurring flavonoids, astragalin (kaempferol 3-glucoside), which is a bioactive constituent of various traditional medicinal plants such as Cuscuta chinensis. This multifaceted compound is well known for its diversified pharmacological applications such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiobesity, antiosteoporotic, anticancer, antiulcer, and antidiabetic properties. It carries out the aforementioned activities by the regulation and modulation of various molecular targets such as transcription factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), enzymes (iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, MMP-1, MMP-3, MIP-1α, COX-2, PGE-2, HK2, AChe, SOD, DRP-1, DDH, PLCγ1, and GPX), kinases (JNK, MAPK, Akt, ERK, SAPK, IκBα, PI3K, and PKCβ2), cell adhesion proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin PAR-2, and NCam), apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins (Beclin-1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL, cytochrome c, LC3A/B, caspase-3, caspase-9, procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and IgE), and inflammatory cytokines (SOCS-3, SOCS-5, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL-2, and IFN-γ). Although researchers have reported multiple pharmacological applications of astragalin in various diseased conditions, further experimental investigations are still mandatory to fully understand its mechanism of action. It is contemplated that astragalin could be subjected to structural optimization to ameliorate its chemical accessibility, to optimize its absorption profiles, and to synthesize its more effective analogues which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Zahoor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zinayyera Subhani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
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Ju Ho P, Jun Sung J, Ki Cheon K, Jin Tae H. Anti-inflammatory effect of Centella asiatica phytosome in a mouse model of phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 43:110-119. [PMID: 29747743 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica phytosome (CA phytosome) has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-dermatitic effect has not yet been reported. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of CA phytosome on inflammatory reponses by macrophages in an atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. STUDY DESIGN The effects of CA phytosome on atopic dermatitis were examined by using phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced AD mouse model and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. METHODS An AD-like lesion was induced by a topical application of 5% phthalic anhydride (PA) to the dorsal skin or ear of HR-1 mice. After AD induction, 100 µl (20 µl/cm2) of 0.2% and 0.4% CA phytosome was spread on the dorsal skin and ear of the mice three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for iNOS and COX-2; NF-κB activity was determined by EMSA. We also measured TNF-α, IL-1β, and IgE concentration in the blood of AD mice by ELISA. RESULTS Histological analysis showed that CA phytosome inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells. CA phytosome treatment inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, activity of NF-κB, and release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IgE. In addition, CA phytosome (5, 10, and 20 µg/ml) potently inhibited LPS (1 µg/ml)-induced NO production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage. Furthermore, CA phytosome inhibited LPS-induced DNA binding activities of NF-κB, and this was associated with the discontinuation of IκBα degradation and subsequent decreases in the translocation of p65 and p50 into the nucleus. CONCLUSION From our data, CA phytosome application, which operates via NF-κB signaling inhibition, seems to be a promising AD treatment. Herein, we investigated the effects of Centella asiatica phytosome (CA phytosome) on inflammatory responses by macrophages in an atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. An AD-like lesion was induced by the topical application of 5% phthalic anhydride (PA) to the dorsal skin or ear of HR-1 mice. After AD induction, 100 µl (20 µl/cm2) of 0.2% and 0.4% CA phytosome was spread on the dorsal skin and ear of the mice three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes, and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for iNOS and COX-2; NF-κB activity was determined by gel electromobility shift assay (EMSA). We also measured TNF-α, IL-1β, and IgE concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CA phytosome attenuated the development of PA-induced AD. Histological analysis showed that CA phytosome inhibited hyperkeratosis, proliferation of mast cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, CA phytosome treatment inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2, activity of NF-κB, and release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IgE. In addition, CA phytosome (5, 10, and 20 µg/ml) potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 µg/ml)-induced NO production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Furthermore, CA phytosome inhibited LPS-induced DNA binding activities of NF-κB, and this was associated with the discontinuation of IκBα degradation and subsequent decreases in the translocation of p65 and p50 into the nucleus. From our data, CA phytosome application, which operates via NF-κB signaling inhibition, seems to be a promising AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Park Ju Ho
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea; INIST ST CO., LTD., 500, Sinnae-ro, Geumwang-eup, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Jun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Ki Cheon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea; INIST ST CO., LTD., 500, Sinnae-ro, Geumwang-eup, Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Tae
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31 Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Titrated Extract of Centella asiatica in Phthalic Anhydride-Induced Allergic Dermatitis Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040738. [PMID: 28358324 PMCID: PMC5412323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-dermatitic effect has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-dermatitic effects of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in a phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) animal model as well as in vitro model. An AD-like lesion was induced by the topical application of five percent PA to the dorsal skin or ear of Hos:HR-1 mouse. After AD induction, 100 μL of 0.2% and 0.4% of TECA (40 μg or 80 μg/cm2) was spread on the dorsum of the ear or back skin three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and NF-κB activity, which were determined by electromobility shift assay (EMSA). We also measured TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TECA treatment attenuated the development of PA-induced atopic dermatitis. Histological analysis showed that TECA inhibited hyperkeratosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. TECA treatment inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB activity as well as the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE. In addition, TECA (1, 2, 5 μg/mL) potently inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL)-induced NO production, expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB DNA binding activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our data demonstrated that TECA could be a promising agent for AD by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
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23
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Azerad R. Chemical structures, production and enzymatic transformations of sapogenins and saponins from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Fitoterapia 2016; 114:168-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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OuYang Q, Pan Y, Luo H, Xuan C, Liu J, Liu J. MAD ointment ameliorates Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting the IL-23/IL-17 axis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:369-376. [PMID: 27540765 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic auto-immune inflammation disease with skin lesions and abnormal keratinocyte proliferation. The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Madecassoside (MAD) was the most important constituents isolated from Centella asiatica, which has long been used in dermatology, and it is supposed that MAD may have effects on psoriasis. In the present study, the BALB/c mice ear and back skin received IMQ for 6 consecutive days to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. MAD ointment was applied 6h later after IMQ treatment, and the IL-23/IL-17 pathway was investigated. The HE staining, BrdU and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were used to score the severity of keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation of the skin. Real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to detect the IL-23/IL-17 related cytokines. Flow Cytometry were applied to observe the numbers of Th17 cells. Daily application of IMQ for 6days on mouse ear skin and back skin induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Real-time PCR showed that mRNA level of IL-23, IL-22, IL-17A were significantly decreased by MAD ointment treatment in ear skin. HE staining and BrdU incorporation implied that MAD ointment reduced keratinocyte proliferation. Flow Cytometry results showed MAD ointment decreased the numbers of Th17 cells. Thus, MAD ointment ameliorates Imiquimod-induced skin inflammation and abnormal keratinocyte through regulate the IL-23/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong OuYang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - YaQian Pan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - HanQiong Luo
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - ChunXiao Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - JinE Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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25
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Yen PH, Chi VTQ, Kiem PV, Tai BH, Quang TH, Nhiem NX, Anh HLT, Ban NK, Thanh BV, Minh CV, Park S, Kim SH. Spirostanol saponins from Tacca vietnamensis and their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3780-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Ma GX, Huang XY, Dai HN, Zhong XQ, Zhou YL, Su ZL, He YZ, Yang JS, Yuan JQ, Xu XD. Two New Triterpenoid Glycosides from the Roots of Rosa cymosaTratt. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Guangxi Teachers Education University; Nanning 530001 P. R. China
| | - Hua-Nian Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Guangxi Teachers Education University; Nanning 530001 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhong
- Guilin Sanjin Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Guilin 541004 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhou
- Guilin Sanjin Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Guilin 541004 P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Lin Su
- Guangxi Lingfeng Pharmaceutical Company Limited; Hezhou 542800 P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zi He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Guangxi Teachers Education University; Nanning 530001 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Shan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jing-Quan Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Guangxi Teachers Education University; Nanning 530001 P. R. China
- Guangxi Institute of Medicinal Plant; Nanning 530023 P. R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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Chanana P, Kumar A. Possible Involvement of Nitric Oxide Modulatory Mechanisms in the Neuroprotective Effect of Centella asiatica Against Sleep Deprivation Induced Anxiety Like Behaviour, Oxidative Damage and Neuroinflammation. Phytother Res 2016; 30:671-80. [PMID: 26848139 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is an experience of inadequate or poor quality of sleep that may produce significant alterations in multiple neural systems. Centella asiatica (CA) is a psychoactive medicinal herb with immense therapeutic potential. The present study was designed to explore the possible nitric oxide (NO) modulatory mechanism in the neuroprotective effect of CA against SD induced anxiety like behaviour, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Male laca mice were sleep deprived for 72 h, and CA (150 and 300 mg/kg) was administered alone and in combination with NO modulators for 8 days, starting five days before 72-h SD exposure. Various behavioural (locomotor activity, elevated plus maze) and biochemical (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, catalase, nitrite levels and superoxide dismutase activity), neuroinflammation marker (TNF-alpha) were assessed subsequently. CA (150 and 300 mg/kg) treatment for 8 days significantly improved locomotor activity, anti-anxiety like effect and attenuated oxidative damage and TNF α level as compared to sleep-deprived 72-h group. Also while the neuroprotective effect of CA was increased by NO antagonists, it was diminished by NO agonists. The present study suggests that NO modulatory mechanism could be involved in the protective effect of CA against SD-induced anxiety-like behaviour, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chanana
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, Pin-160014
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, Pin-160014
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Kiem PV, Cuong LCV, Tai BH, Nhiem NX, Anh HLT, Quang TH, Ngan NTT, Oh H, Kim YC. New Lignans from Antidesma hainanensis Inhibit NO Production in BV2 Microglial Cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1707-1712. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phan Van Kiem
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | - Le Canh Viet Cuong
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | - Tran Hong Quang
- Insitute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
| | | | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University
| | - Youn Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University
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29
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Bidel LPR, Chomicki G, Bonini F, Mondolot L, Soulé J, Coumans M, La Fisca P, Baissac Y, Petit V, Loiseau A, Cerovic ZG, Gould KS, Jay-Allemand C. Dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues under different UV-B regimes in Centella asiatica (Apiaceae). PLANTA 2015; 242:545-59. [PMID: 25896373 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A cumulative effect of UV-B doses on epidermal flavonol accumulation was observed during the first week of a time course study in Centella asiatica (Apiaceae). However, once flavonol levels had peaked, additional accumulation was possible only if higher daily UV-B irradiances were applied. We aimed to understand the dynamics of flavonol accumulation in leaf tissues using non-destructive spectroscopy and HPLC-mass spectrometry. When leaves that had grown without UV-B were given brief daily exposures to low-irradiance UV-B, they accumulated flavonols, predominantly kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, in their exposed epidermis, reaching a plateau after 7 days. More prolonged UV-B exposures or higher doses eventually augmented flavonol concentrations even in non-exposed tissues. If UV-B irradiance was subsequently reduced, leaves appeared to lose their ability to accumulate further flavonols in their epidermis even if the duration of daily exposure was increased. A higher irradiance level was then necessary to further increase flavonol accumulation. When subsequently acclimated to higher UV-B irradiances, mature leaves accumulated less flavonols than did developing ones. Our study suggests that levels of epidermal flavonols in leaves are governed primarily by UV-B irradiance rather than by duration of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc P R Bidel
- INRA, UMR AGAP, Centre de Recherche de Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala-Bât. 21, 34060, Montpellier, France,
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Jesus JA, Lago JHG, Laurenti MD, Yamamoto ES, Passero LFD. Antimicrobial activity of oleanolic and ursolic acids: an update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:620472. [PMID: 25793002 PMCID: PMC4352472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/620472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30 hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, via in vivo studies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A. Jesus
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G. Lago
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Professor Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D. Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S. Yamamoto
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D. Passero
- Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenue Dr. Arnaldo 455, 06780-210 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
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Tantry MA, Bhat GA, Idris A, Dar JA, Yousef Al Omar S, Masoodi KZ, Ganai BA, Kamili AN, Shawl AS. Sulfated Triterpenes from Lemon Balm. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yu Q, Qi J, Wang L, Liu SJ, Yu BY. Pentacyclic Triterpenoids from Spikes ofPrunella vulgarisL. Inhibit Glycogen Phosphorylase and Improve Insulin Sensitivity in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Phytother Res 2014; 29:73-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Shou-Jin Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Hefei 230038 China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 211198 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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New triterpenic acids from Uncaria rhynchophylla: Chemistry, NO-inhibitory activity, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Fitoterapia 2014; 96:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Hempenstall F, Chapuis JC, Groy TL, Williams L. Antineoplastic agents. 595. Structural modifications of betulin and the X-ray crystal structure of an unusual betulin amine dimer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:863-72. [PMID: 24694263 PMCID: PMC4010298 DOI: 10.1021/np400947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The lupane-type triterpene betulin (1) has been subjected to a series of structural modifications for the purpose of evaluating resultant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity. The reaction sequence 7→11→12 was especially noteworthy in providing a betulin-derived amine dimer. Other unexpected synthetic results included the 11 and 13/14→17 conversions, which yielded an imidazo derivative. X-ray crystal structures of dimer 12 and intermediate 25 are reported. All of the betulin modifications were examined for anticancer activity against the P388 murine and human cell lines. Significant cancer cell growth inhibition was found for 4, 8, 9, 15/16, 19, 20, 24, and 26, which further defines the utility of the betulin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Frank Hempenstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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Bylka W, Znajdek-Awiżeń P, Studzińska-Sroka E, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Brzezińska M. Centella asiatica in dermatology: an overview. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1117-24. [PMID: 24399761 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant that was already used as a 'panacea' 3000 years ago. The active compounds include pentacyclic triterpenes, mainly asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. We have conducted an overview to summarize current knowledge on the results of scientific in vitro and in vivo experiments focused on the improvement of the healing process of small wounds, hypertrophic scars and burns by C. asiatica. In this paper, we discuss the data on constituents, recommended preparations and the potential side effects of C. asiatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Bylka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, cucurbitanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, onoceranes and saponins; 308 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Nowwarote N, Osathanon T, Jitjaturunt P, Manopattanasoontorn S, Pavasant P. Asiaticoside Induces Type I Collagen Synthesis and Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Phytother Res 2012; 27:457-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; 10330; Thailand
| | | | - Peachaya Jitjaturunt
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok; 10330; Thailand
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Kim MS, Kim SH. Inhibitory effect of astragalin on expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators through NF-κB in macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:2101-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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Jeong JH, Ryu DS, Suk DH, Lee DS. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract from Orostachys japonicus on modulation of signal pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2011; 44:399-404. [PMID: 21699753 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2011.44.6.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, powder of Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (O. japonicus) was extracted with 95% ethyl alcohol and fractionated using a series of organic solvents, including n-hexane (hexane), dichloromethane (DCM), ethylacetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and water (H(2)O). We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of these O. japonicus extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Their effects on the expression of inflammatory mediators and transcription factors were analyzed by Western blotting. DCM fraction significantly inhibited formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Phosphorylation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), one of its downstream proteins, were also suppressed by DCM fraction. These effects were regulated by upsteam proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways. Taken together, our data suggest that O. japonicus could be used as a potential source for anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Han Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea
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