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Kang SH, Song WS, Shin KC, Oh DK. Preparation of in vivo intermediate metabolites of soybean saponins with improved bioactivity by in vitro deacetylation and deglucosylation. Food Chem 2024; 460:140589. [PMID: 39083966 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Unlike natural soyasaponins and their aglycones formed by enzymatic hydrolysis in the human intestine, in vivo intermediate soyasaponin metabolites are difficult to prepare. Therefore, the pharmacological activities of in vivo intermediate soyasaponins remain uninvestigated. Herein, in vivo intermediate soyasaponins with purities of >90% were prepared by in vitro deacetylation (alkaline treatment) and deglucosylation (β-glucosidase treatment) of natural soyasaponins using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. These compounds exhibited higher anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than natural soyasaponins in in vitro bioassays, suggesting that the intermediate soyasaponins can be used as improved bioactive food supplements. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the in vitro preparation and bioassays of in vivo intermediate soyasaponin metabolites formed in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwan Kang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Mohyein-eup, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wijesekara T, Luo J, Xu B. Critical review on anti-inflammation effects of saponins and their molecular mechanisms. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2007-2022. [PMID: 38372176 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the increasing interest in one of the natural compounds called saponins, for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing inflammation which is a key factor in various chronic diseases. It delves into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of these amphiphilic compounds, prevalent in plant-based foods and marine organisms. Their structures vary with soap-like properties influencing historical uses in traditional medicine and sparking renewed scientific interest. Recent research focuses on their potential in chronic inflammatory diseases, unveiling molecular actions such as NF-κB and MAPK pathway regulation and COX/LOX enzyme inhibition. Saponin-containing sources like Panax ginseng and soybeans suggest novel anti-inflammatory therapies. The review explores their emerging role in shaping the gut microbiome, influencing composition and activity, and contributing to anti-inflammatory effects. Specific examples, such as Panax notoginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum, illustrate the intricate relationship between saponins, the gut microbiome, and their collective impact on immune regulation and metabolic health. Despite promising findings, the review emphasizes the need for further research to comprehend the mechanisms behind anti-inflammatory effects and their interactions with the gut microbiome, underscoring the crucial role of a balanced gut microbiome for optimal health and positioning saponins as potential dietary interventions for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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3
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Su C, Wang J, Luo H, Chen J, Lin F, Mo J, Xiong F, Zha L. Gut Microbiota Plays Essential Roles in Soyasaponin's Preventive Bioactivities against Steatohepatitis in the Methionine and Choline Deficient (MCD) Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300561. [PMID: 38234006 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. Phytochemicals soyasaponins can prevent NASH possibly by modulating GM. This study aims to investigate the preventive bioactivities of soyasaponin monomers (SS-A1 and SS-Bb) against NASH and explores the mechanisms by targeting GM. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 16 weeks. Antibiotics-treated pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice are fed with MCD diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 8 weeks. GM is determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bile acids (BAs) are measured by UPLC-MS/MS. In NASH mice, SS-A1 and SS-Bb alleviate steatohepatitis and fibrosis, reduce ALT, AST, and LPS in serum, decrease TNF-α, IL-6, α-SMA, triglycerides, and cholesterol in liver. SS-A1 and SS-Bb decrease Firmicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae, unidentified-Clostridiales, Eggerthellaceae, Atopobiaceae, Aerococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Gemella, Rikenella, increase Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansiaceae, Romboutsia, and Roseburia. SS-A1 and SS-Bb alter BAs composition in liver, serum, and feces, activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and ileum, increase occludin and ZO-1 in intestine. However, GM clearance abrogates the preventive bioactivities of SS-A1 and SS-Bb against NASH. CONCLUSION GM plays essential roles in soyasaponin's preventive bioactivities against steatohepatitis in MCD diet-induced NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiexian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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Cuevas-Cianca SI, Romero-Castillo C, Gálvez-Romero JL, Juárez ZN, Hernández LR. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Edible Plants with Anti-Cancer Activity and Their Potential Use as Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031488. [PMID: 36771154 PMCID: PMC9920972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food is our daily companion, performing numerous beneficial functions for our bodies. Many of them can help to alleviate or prevent ailments and diseases. In this review, an extensive bibliographic search is conducted in various databases to update information on unprocessed foods with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can aid in treating diseases such as cancer. The current state of knowledge on inflammatory processes involving some interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is reviewed. As well as unprocessed foods, which may help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are important factors in cancer development. Many studies are still needed to take full advantage of the food products we use daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Isabel Cuevas-Cianca
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico
| | - Cristian Romero-Castillo
- Biotechnology Faculty, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
- Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - José Luis Gálvez-Romero
- ISSTE Puebla Hospital Regional, Boulevard 14 Sur 4336, Colonia Jardines de San Manuel, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Zaida Nelly Juárez
- Chemistry Area, Deanship of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, 21 Sur 1103 Barrio Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Z.N.J.); (L.R.H.)
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andrés Cholula 72810, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Z.N.J.); (L.R.H.)
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5
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Abstract
Legumes are a staple of diets all around the world. In some least developed countries, they are the primary source of protein; however, their beneficial properties go beyond their nutritional value. Recent research has shown that legumes have bioactive compounds like peptides, polyphenols and saponins, which exhibit antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. Thus, these compounds could be an alternative treatment for inflammatory diseases, in particular, chronic inflammation such as arthritis, obesity and cancer. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in alternative therapies derived from natural products; accordingly, the present review has compiled the bioactive compounds found in legumes that have demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect in non-clinical studies.
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Kusumah J, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Impact of soybean bioactive compounds as response to diet-induced chronic inflammation: A systematic review. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Advances in the Bioactivities of Phytochemical Saponins in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234998. [PMID: 36501028 PMCID: PMC9735883 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by hardening and narrowing of arteries. AS leads to a number of arteriosclerotic vascular diseases including cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease, which pose a big threat to human health. Phytochemicals are a variety of intermediate or terminal low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced during plant energy metabolism. Phytochemicals from plant foods (vegetables, fruits, whole grains) and traditional herb plants have been shown to exhibit multiple bioactivities which are beneficial for prevention and treatment against AS. Many types of phytochemicals including polyphenols, saponins, carotenoids, terpenoids, organic sulfur compounds, phytoestrogens, phytic acids and plant sterols have already been identified, among which saponins are a family of glycosidic compounds consisting of a hydrophobic aglycone (sapogenin) linked to hydrophilic sugar moieties. In recent years, studies have shown that saponins exhibit a number of biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, cholesterol-lowering, immunomodulation, anti-platelet aggregation, etc., which are helpful in the prevention and treatment of AS. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the anti-atherosclerotic bioactivities of saponins such as ginsenoside, soyasaponin, astra-galoside, glycyrrhizin, gypenoside, dioscin, saikosaponin, etc.
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8
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Liu Y, Liu X, Ye Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Lin S, Wang G, Yang X, Zhang J, Chen S, Wu N. Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate against Parkinson's Disease through Inhibiting Inflammation Induced by Gut Dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13676-13691. [PMID: 36226922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence for the importance of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) has attracted researchers' interest in the possible application of microbiota-based treatment approaches. Using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model, we looked into the prospect of treating PD with fucosylated chondroitin sulfate obtained from sea cucumbers Isostichopus badionotus (fCS-Ib). We showed that giving fCS-Ib polysaccharide orally greatly reduced the motor deficits, dopamine depletion, and alpha-synuclein increase caused by MPTP in the substantia nigra (SN). It appears that the anti-PD action of fCS-Ib polysaccharide could be attained by squelching inflammation. Glial cell hyperactivation in SN and overproduction of proinflammatory substances in serum could both be suppressed by fCS-Ib polysaccharide injection. The bacterial DNA in fresh colonic feces was submitted to 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolic analyses to confirm the participation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the aforementioned interpretation. The findings showed that the MPTP treatment-induced decrease in norank_f_Muribaculaceae and the increase in Staphylococcus were reversed by the administration of fCS-Ib polysaccharide. The NF-κB signaling pathway was shown to be involved in the fCS-Ib polysaccharide-induced anti-inflammation. In conclusion, our research demonstrated for the first time how fCS-Ib polysaccharide combats PD by reducing inflammation caused by gut microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiantao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yida Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiafu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jichun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Moreno-García KL, Antunes-Ricardo M, Martínez-Ávila M, Milán-Carrillo J, Guajardo-Flores D. Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by-product extracts obtained by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Batool Z, Hu G, Xinyue H, Wu Y, Fu X, Cai Z, Huang X, Ma M. A comprehensive review on functional properties of preserved eggs as an excellent food ingredient with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer aspects. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Gu M, Pan S, Deng W, Li Q, Qi Z, Chen C, Bai N. Effects of glutamine on the IKK/IκB/NF-кB system in the enterocytes of turbot Scophthalmus maximus L. stimulated with soya-saponins. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:373-378. [PMID: 34688862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soya-saponins represent key anti-nutritional factors that contribute to soybean meal-induced enteritis, and glutamine is an effective fish intestine protectant that combats the negative effects of soya-saponins. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-кB) systems are involved in the interactions between soya-saponins and glutamine, and the goal of the present work was to clarify the related molecular mechanisms used by the NF-кB kinase (IKK)/inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)/NF-кB system. Primary cultured turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) intestinal epithelial cells were concurrently administrated with 1 mg/mL of soya-saponins and several levels of glutamine (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) for 12 h and then subjected to real-time PCR and Western blot assays. Compared with cells treated with soya-saponins alone, glutamine significantly decreased the expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α genes, significantly reduced nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 abundance levels in a dose-dependent manner, increased the IκBα protein level but decreased its phosphorylation, and down-regulated the IKKα/β and phosphorylated IKKα/β levels. In conclusion, this in vitro work confirmed that glutamine attenuated soya-saponin-induced inflammatory responses in turbot intestines. Moreover, it identified molecular pathways in which glutamine first decreased the p65 level and then prevented its nuclear translocation. In addition, glutamine reduced IκBα phosphorylation and maintained its level. Finally, glutamine decreased IKK expression and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Soyasaponin A1 inhibits the lipid raft recruitment and dimerization of TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF by maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in palmitic acid-stimulated inflammatory Raw264.7 macrophage cell line. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Khan MI, Khan MZ, Shin JH, Shin TS, Lee YB, Kim MY, Kim JD. Pharmacological Approaches to Attenuate Inflammation and Obesity with Natural Products Formulations by Regulating the Associated Promoting Molecular Signaling Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2521273. [PMID: 34812408 PMCID: PMC8605410 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2521273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a public health problem characterized by increased body weight due to abnormal adipose tissue expansion. Bioactive compound consumption from the diet or intake of dietary supplements is one of the possible ways to control obesity. Natural products with adipogenesis-regulating potential act as obesity treatments. We evaluated the synergistic antiangiogenesis, antiadipogenic and antilipogenic efficacy of standardized rebaudioside A, sativoside, and theasaponin E1 formulations (RASE1) in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3T3-L1 preadipocytes respectively, and in vivo using a high-fat and carbohydrate diet-induced obesity mouse model. Orlistat was used as a positive control, while untreated cells and animals were normal controls (NCs). Adipose tissue, liver, and blood were analyzed after dissection. Extracted stevia compounds and green tea seed saponin E1 exhibited pronounced antiobesity effects when combined. RASE1 inhibited HUVEC proliferation and tube formation by suppressing VEGFR2, NF-κB, PIK3, and-catenin beta-1 expression levels. RASE1 inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation by downregulating adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-promoting genes. RASE1 oral administration reduced mouse body and body fat pad weight and blood cholesterol, TG, ALT, AST, glucose, insulin, and adipokine levels. RASE1 suppressed adipogenic and lipid metabolism gene expression in mouse adipose and liver tissues and enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase levels in liver and adipose tissues and in serum adiponectin. RASE1 suppressed the NF-κB pathway and proinflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in mice which involve inflammation and progression of obesity. The overall results indicate RASE1 is a potential therapeutic formulation and functional food for treating or preventing obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Tia Sun Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju (61186), Republic of Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bok Lee
- Department of Refrigeration Engineering, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yung Kim
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
- Department of Refrigeration Engineering, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam (59626), Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Notational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam, (59626), Republic of Korea
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14
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Li M, Zhao M, Wei P, Zhang C, Lu W. Biosynthesis of Soyasapogenol B by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3202-3213. [PMID: 34097255 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soyasapogenol B is an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene that has various applications in food and healthcare and has a higher biological activity than soyasaponin. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential platform for terpenoid production with mature genetic tools for metabolic pathway manipulation. In this study, we developed a biosynthesis method to produce soyasapogenol B. First, we expressed β-amyrin synthase derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in S. cerevisiae to generate β-amyrin, as the precursor of soyasapogenol B. Several different types of promoters were then used to regulate the expression of key genes in the mevalonate pathway (MVA), and this subsequently increased the yield of β-amyrin to 17.6 mg/L, 25-fold more than that produced in the original strain L01 (0.68 mg/L). Then, using the β-amyrin-producing strain, we expressed soyasapogenol B synthases from Medicago truncatula (CYP93E2 and CYP72A61V2) and from G. glabra (CYP93E3 and CYP72A566). Soyasapogenol B yields were then optimized by using soyasapogenol B synthases and cytochrome P450 reductase from G. glabra. The most effective soyasapogenol B production strain was used for fermentation, and the yield of soyasapogenol B reached 2.9 mg/L in flask and 8.36 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor with fed glucose and ethanol. This study demonstrated the heterologous synthesis of soyasapogenol B in S. cerevisiae using the combined expression of CYP93E3 and CYP72A566 in the synthesis pathway, which significantly increased the production of soyasapogenol B and provides a reference method for the biosynthesis of other triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xiong F, Zheng Z, Xiao L, Su C, Chen J, Gu X, Tang J, Zhao Y, Luo H, Zha L. Soyasaponin A 2 Alleviates Steatohepatitis Possibly through Regulating Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in the Methionine and Choline-Deficient (MCD) Diet-induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100067. [PMID: 34047448 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic progressive disease with complex pathogenesis of which the bile acids (BAs) and gut microbiota are involved. Soyasaponins (SS) exhibits many health-promoting effects including hepatoprotection, but its prevention against NASH is unclear. This study aims to investigate the preventive bioactivities of SS monomer (SS-A2 ) against NASH and further clarify its mechanism by targeting the BAs and gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS The methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet-fed male C57BL/6 mice were intervened with obeticholic acid or SS-A2 for 16 weeks. Hepatic pathology is assessed by hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. BAs in serum, liver, and colon are measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS). Gut microbiota in caecum are determined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. In the MCD diet-induced NASH mice, SS-A2 significantly reduces hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, ballooning, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) scores, and fibrosis, decreases Erysipelotrichaceae (Faecalibaculum) and Lactobacillaceae (Lactobacillus) and increases Desulfovibrionaceae (Desulfovibrio). Moreover, SS-A2 reduces serum BAs accumulation and promotes fecal BAs excretion. SS-A2 changes the BAs profiles in both liver and serum and specifically increases the taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA) level. Faecalibaculum is negatively correlated with serum THDCA. CONCLUSION SS-A2 alleviates steatohepatitis possibly through regulating BAs and gut microbiota in the MCD diet-induced NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhongdaixi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfu Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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16
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Basson AR, Ahmed S, Almutairi R, Seo B, Cominelli F. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Soybean and Soy-Derived Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040774. [PMID: 33916612 PMCID: PMC8066255 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Brian Seo
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
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17
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Germinated Soybean Embryo Extract Ameliorates Fatty Liver Injury in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110380. [PMID: 33187321 PMCID: PMC7696473 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is known to have diverse beneficial effects against human diseases, including obesity and its related metabolic disorders. Germinated soybean embryos are enriched with bioactive phytochemicals and known to inhibit diet-induced obesity in mice, but their effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unknown. Here, we germinated soybean embryos for 24 h, and their ethanolic extract (GSEE, 15 and 45 mg/kg) was administered daily to mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. HFD significantly increased the weight of the body, liver and adipose tissue, as well as serum lipid markers, but soyasaponin Ab-rich GSEE alleviated these changes. Hepatic injury and triglyceride accumulation in HFD-fed mice were attenuated by GSEE via decreased lipid synthesis (SREBP1c) and increased fatty acid oxidation (p-AMPKα, PPARα, PGC1α, and ACOX) and lipid export (MTTP and ApoB). HFD-induced inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CD14, F4/80, iNOS, and COX2) was normalized by GSEE in mice livers. In adipose tissue, GSEE downregulated white adipose tissue (WAT) differentiation and lipogenesis (PPARγ, C/EBPα, and FAS) and induced browning genes (PGC1α, PRDM16, CIDEA, and UCP1), which could also beneficially affect the liver via lowering adipose tissue-related circulating lipid levels. Thus, our results suggest that GSEE can prevent HFD-induced NAFLD via inhibition of hepatic inflammation and restoration of lipid metabolisms in both liver and adipose tissue.
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18
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Choi JM, Lee SI, Cho EJ. Effect of Vigna angularis on High-Fat Diet-Induced Memory and Cognitive Impairments. J Med Food 2020; 23:1155-1162. [PMID: 33021429 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is related to cognitive and memory dysfunction. Much attention was focused on functional foods as a therapeutic strategy to treat cognitive decline by obesity. In the present study, we confirmed the protective effect of Vigna angularis (VA) on cognitive and memory impairment in an obese mouse model. For 16 weeks, mice were fed HFD and VA extract was administered during 4 weeks at 100 and 200 mg/kg. The cognitive abilities of HFD-induced mice were evaluated using behavioral tests. Compared with the control group, VA groups were improved spatial and recognition ability. In T-maze and novel object recognition tests, VA 100 and VA 200 groups showed increased ratios of exploration of a novel object/route compared to a familiar object/route. Moreover, VA 100 and VA 200 groups reached the platform faster than the control group in a Morris water maze test. Therefore, VA extract may protect against HFD-induced cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction. (PNU-IACUC; approval no. PNU-2019-2166).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
| | - Soo In Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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19
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Chen J, Ullah H, Zheng Z, Gu X, Su C, Xiao L, Wu X, Xiong F, Li Q, Zha L. Soyasaponins reduce inflammation by downregulating MyD88 expression and suppressing the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32493316 PMCID: PMC7268359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies indicate that soyasaponins may reduce inflammation via modulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling. However, its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged inflamed male ICR mice were intervened by intragastrical administration with 10 and 20 μmol/kg·BW of soyasaponin A1, A2 or I for 8 weeks. The serum inflammatory markers were determined by commercial kits and the expression of molecules in TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in liver by real-time PCR and western blotting. The recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts of live tissue lysates were detected by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and western blotting. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L of soyasaponin A1, A2 or I for 2 h. MyD88-overexpressed HEK293T cells were treated with 20 and 40 μmol/L of soyasaponins (A1, A2 or I) or 20 μmol/L of ST2825 (a MyD88 inhibitor) for 6 h. The expression of molecules in TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway were determined by western blotting. Data were analyzed by using one way analysis of variance or t-test by SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Results Soyasaponins A1, A2 or I significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in serum (p < 0.05), and decreased the mRNA levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p < 0.05), the protein levels of myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD-2), TLR4, MyD88, toll-interleukin1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), phosphorylated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (p-IRAK-4), phosphorylated interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (p-IRAK-1) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) (p < 0.05), and the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts in liver (p < 0.05). In LPS-stimulated macrophages, soyasaponins A2 or I significantly decreased MyD88 (p < 0.05), soyasaponins A1, A2 or I reduced p-IRAK-4 and p-IRAK-1 (p < 0.05), and soyasaponin I decreased TRAF6 (p < 0.05). In MyD88-overexpressed HEK293T cells, soyasaponins (A1, A2 or I) and ST2825 significantly decreased MyD88 and TRAF6 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Soyasaponins can reduce inflammation by downregulating MyD88 expression and suppressing the recruitments of TLR4 and MyD88 into lipid rafts. This study provides novel understanding about the anti-inflammatory mechanism of soyasaponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongdaixi Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfu Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Xie Q, Xiong F, Wu X, Chen J, Gu X, Su C, Xiao L, Zheng Z, Wei Y, Ullah H, Zha L. Soyasaponins A 1 and A 2 exert anti-atherosclerotic functionalities by decreasing hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in high fat diet (HFD)-fed ApoE -/- mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:253-269. [PMID: 31956875 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease causing coronary heart attacks and strokes. Soyasaponins (SS), the phytochemicals naturally existing in soybeans and their products, have been shown to reduce hypercholesterolemia and inflammation, which are intimately related to the genesis and development of atherosclerosis. However, the anti-atherosclerotic functionality of soyasaponins remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the supplementation of two types of soyasaponin monomers (A1 and A2) on atherosclerotic plaque formation, serum lipid profiles, and inflammation in ApoE gene knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Sixty 5-week-old ApoE-/- male mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and intervened by SSA1 and SSA2 (10 and 20 μmol per kg BW, respectively) or simvastatin (10 μmol per kg BW) for 24 weeks. The atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, aortic root, and innominate artery, lipid profile and inflammatory markers in serum, and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling in arterial tissues were determined. SSA1 and SSA2 decreased the plaque ratio in the aortic root and innominate artery but not in the entire aorta. In serum, SSA1 reduced TG, TC, and LDL-C but increased HDL-C; SSA2 decreased TC, TG, and LDL-C but did not affect HDL-C. Meanwhile, SSA1 increased TG, SSA2 increased TC, and both of them increased bile acids in the feces. SSA1 and SSA2 lowered TNF-α, MCP-1, and hs-crp in serum. Furthermore, SSA1 and SSA2 reduced the TLR4 and MyD88 expressions in the aorta and innominate artery and inhibited NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation in the aorta. These results suggest that SSA1 and SSA2 exert anti-atherosclerotic functionalities by decreasing hypercholesterolemia and inflammation in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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21
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Zhi L, Song D, Ma L, Feng T. Soyasapogenol B Attenuates Laryngeal Carcinoma Progression through Inducing Apoptotic and Autophagic Cell Death. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1851-1858. [PMID: 31581347 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soyasapogenol B (Soy B), a constituent of soybean, has been shown to exhibit antitumor activities against different types of cancers. However, to our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the effect of Soy B in human laryngeal carcinoma. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the effect of Soy B in human laryngeal carcinoma cell lines HeP-2 and TU212 and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms by which Soy B can induce its antitumor effects. The results showed that Soy B effectively attenuated the cell growth by causing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in laryngeal carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic and autophagic cells dramatically increased upon exposure to Soy B. Western blotting results confirmed that Soy B can alter the expression levels of established markers of apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, both apoptosis inhibitor (ZVAD-fmk) and autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) could partially reverse the effect of Soy B, while blocking autophagy did not cause obvious alteration in the percentage of apoptotic cells. Similarly, in vivo studies validated that Soy B could effectively reduce the size of the tumor and induce apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. Collectively, these results suggested that Soy B can exert anticancer activities against laryngeal carcinoma through inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Our study highlighted the potential role of Soy B as a chemotherapeutic agent for laryngeal carcinoma. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1851-1858, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoliang Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liji Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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22
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Tu Y, Zhu S, Wang J, Burstein E, Jia D. Natural compounds in the chemoprevention of alcoholic liver disease. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2192-2212. [PMID: 31264302 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive consumption of alcohol, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Much effort has been expended to explore the pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are all involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Immediate abstinence is the most important therapeutic treatment for affected individuals. However, the medical treatment for ALD had not advanced in a long period. Intriguingly, an increasing body of research indicates the potential of natural compounds in the targeted therapy of ALD. A plethora of dietary natural products such as flavonoids, resveratrol, saponins, and β-carotene are found to exert protective effects on ALD. This occurs through various mechanisms composed of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, iron chelation, pro-apoptosis, and/or antiproliferation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatments of ALD and focus on the potential of natural compounds in ALD therapies and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Foresight and Evaluation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wu N, Yao Y, Xu M, Du H, Tu Y. The anti-inflammatory activity of peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white in DSS-induced mouse colitis. Food Funct 2019; 9:6444-6454. [PMID: 30462121 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptides DEDTQAMPFR (DR-10), MLGATSL (ML-7), SLSFASR (SR-7), and MSYSAGF (MF-7) derived from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) exerted anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of these peptides derived from SGD-PEW in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The results showed that DR-10, ML-7, SR-7 and MF-7 significantly ameliorated the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced mice colitis, such as weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon shortening, spleen hypertrophy and histological scores. Treatment with DR-10, ML-7, SR-7 and MF-7 also significantly inhibited the local secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and markedly decreased the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, IFN-γ and MCP-1, in DSS-induced mice colitis. Overall, MF-7 showed the best effect of alleviating DSS-induced colitis among the four peptides. These results suggested that MF-7, DR-10, ML-7 and SR-7 may be a potential promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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24
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Raheem DJ, Tawfike AF, Abdelmohsen UR, Edrada-Ebel R, Fitzsimmons-Thoss V. Application of metabolomics and molecular networking in investigating the chemical profile and antitrypanosomal activity of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Sci Rep 2019; 9:2547. [PMID: 30796274 PMCID: PMC6385288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulb, leaf, scape and flower samples of British bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were collected regularly for one growth period. Methanolic extracts of freeze-dried and ground samples showed antitrypanosomal activity, giving more than 50% inhibition, for 20 out of 41 samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used in the dereplication of the methanolic extracts of the different plant parts. The results revealed differences in the chemical profile with bulb samples being distinctly different from all aerial parts. High molecular weight metabolites were more abundant in the flowers, shoots and leaves compared to smaller molecular weight ones in the bulbs. The anti-trypanosomal activity of the extracts was linked to the accumulation of high molecular weight compounds, which were matched with saponin glycosides, while triterpenoids and steroids occurred in the inactive extracts. Dereplication studies were employed to identify the significant metabolites via chemotaxonomic filtration and considering their previously reported bioactivities. Molecular networking was implemented to look for similarities in fragmentation patterns between the isolated saponin glycoside at m/z 1445.64 [M + formic-H]- equivalent to C64H104O33 and the putatively found active metabolite at m/z 1283.58 [M + formic-H]- corresponding to scillanoside L-1. A combination of metabolomics and bioactivity-guided approaches resulted in the isolation of a norlanostane-type saponin glycoside with antitrypanosomal activity of 98.9% inhibition at 20 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dotsha J Raheem
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed F Tawfike
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
- Computational and Analytical Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Usama R Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Zhang M, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Xu M, Du H, Wu N, Tu Y. Isolation and identification of peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white and their anti-inflammatory activity in TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:44-53. [PMID: 30342316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of preserved egg white (SGD-PEW) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on Caco-2 cells and a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. Here, we aimed to separate peptides derived from SGD-PEW and evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects using an in vitro inflammatory model. Six peptides were isolated and identified. DEDTQAMPFR (DR-10), DEDTQAMPF (DF-9), MLGATSL (ML-7) and MSYSAGF (MF-7) significantly inhibited IL-8 secretion and markedly decreased gene expression, including TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12 and promoted IL-10 gene expression in Caco-2 cells. DR-10, DF-9, ML-7 and MF-7 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK. In the meantime, DR-10 and DF-9 significantly reduced the phosphorylation of IκB and p38. These results indicated that ML-7 and MF-7 exerted their anti-inflammatory activity through the MAPK signaling pathway in TNF-α-induced Caco-2 cells. Whereas, DR-10 and DF-9 inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results suggested that DR-10, DF-9, ML-7 and MF-7 derived from SGD-PEW may be a new type of prophylactic food for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Engineering Research Centre of Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Xie Q, Gu X, Chen J, Liu M, Xiong F, Wu X, Zhang Y, Chen F, Chen H, Li M, Sun S, Chu X, Zha L. Soyasaponins Reduce Inflammation and Improve Serum Lipid Profiles and Glucose Homeostasis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800205. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xiangfu Gu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Minshun Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Fengping Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Honger Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Suxia Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong P. R. China
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27
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Juritsch AF, Moreau R. Role of soybean-derived bioactive compounds in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:618-638. [PMID: 29800381 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD present with debilitating symptoms that alter the quality of life and can develop into severe complications requiring surgery. Epidemiological evidence indicates Westernized societies have an elevated IBD burden when compared with Asian societies. Considering the stark contrast between the typical Western and Eastern dietary patterns, it is postulated that differences in food and lifestyle contribute to lower IBD incidence in Asian countries. Soybeans (Glycine max), which are consumed in high quantities and as various preparations in Eastern societies, contain a wealth of natural, biologically active compounds that include isoflavones, bioactive peptides, protease inhibitors, and phytosterols, among many others. These compounds have been shown to improve human health, and preclinical evidence suggests they have potential to improve the prognosis of IBD. This review summarizes the current state of evidence regarding the effects and the mechanisms of action of these soybean-derived bioactive compounds in experimental models of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Juritsch
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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28
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Yang SH, Le B, Androutsopoulos VP, Tsukamoto C, Shin TS, Tsatsakis AM, Chung G. Anti-inflammatory effects of soyasapogenol I-αa via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:211-217. [PMID: 29407474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The crude extract of soyasaponins was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. We determined the new purity group I saponin, I-αa and I-γa that was isolated from wild soybean (Glycine soja) in terms of its efficacy in protecting RAW 264.7 macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimuli. Cells were treated with soyasaponin I-αa/I-γa (30-300 μΜ) and LPS (0.1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Soyasaponin I-αa inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production at 100 μg/mL, while soyasaponin I-γa demonstrated this effect at a higher concentration (200 μg/mL). The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were downregulated by both soyasaponins. Soyasaponin I-αa exerted its effect via the TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines. However, soyasaponin I-γa only inhibited the expression of TNF-α. The inflammatory effect of group I soyasaponin was mainly mediated via the phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK proteins. Collectively, these results suggested the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soyasaponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Le
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Chigen Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tae-Sun Shin
- Division of Food & Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Republic of Korea.
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Lan X, Deng K, Zhao J, Chen Y, Xin X, Liu Y, Khan IA, Yang S, Wang T, Xu Q. New Triterpenoid Saponins from Green Vegetable Soya Beans and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11065-11072. [PMID: 29183124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ten compounds were isolated and identified from green vegetable soya beans, of which five are new triterpenoid saponins (1-5) and five are known compounds (6-10). The chemical structures of the five triterpenoid saponins (1-5) were elucidated to be 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 1; 3β,24-dihydroxy-22β,30-epoxy-30-oxoolean-12-en 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 2; 22-keto-3β,24-dihydroxy oleanane-12-ene 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-(3″-O-formyl)-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 3; 3β,22β,24-trihydroxy oxyolean-18(19)-ene-29-acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 4; and punicanolic acid 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, 5 from the spectroscopic data (IR, GTC/FID, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR). The nitric oxide release inhibitions of compounds 1-10 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were evaluated, and the data suggested that compounds 1, 2, and 5 might possess moderate anti-inflammatory activities, with IC50 values of 18.8, 16.1, and 13.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Lan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kejun Deng
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xuhui Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shilin Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Chemical, Biological and Material Engineering, Suzhou Science and Technology University , Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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30
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Liu R, Zheng Y, Cai Z, Xu B. Saponins and Flavonoids from Adzuki Bean ( Vigna angularis L.) Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in ICR Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:687. [PMID: 29021760 PMCID: PMC5623717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: As an herbal medicine, adzuki bean has been practiced since the Tang Dynasty of China to maintain health and control weight; this practice is still very popular in China nowadays. However, it is still lack of sufficient scientific basis to explain scientific principle of this popular civil practice in weight control using adzuki bean. The purpose of this study was to verify and explain the anti-obesity effects of adzuki bean through in vitro enzymatic assays, in vitro lipolysis and in vivo study of obese mice model. Methods: Inhibitory effects of flavonoids and saponins from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) on pancreatic lipase, α-glucosidase activities, and noradrenaline-induced lipolysis were assessed. High-fat diet-induced obesity model was created to study anti-obesity effects of adzuki bean. Both serum and liver lipid parameters were determined after 8 weeks intervention. Results: Adzuki bean extracts enhanced lipolysis. Compared to the final body weight of high-fat diet group, oral administration of adzuki bean significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the final body weight of mice and adipose tissue accumulation. The adzuki bean intervention also significantly reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and liver lipid. Conclusion: Adzuki bean demonstrated the anti-obesity effects on mice, such effects may mediated through the inhibitory effects of flavonoids and saponins from adzuki bean on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities, and lipolysis enhancement effect of active components from adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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31
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Ohta T, Nakamura S, Matsumoto T, Nakashima S, Ogawa K, Matsumoto T, Fukaya M, Yoshikawa M, Matsuda H. Chemical Structure of an Acylated Oleanane-type Triterpene Oligoglycoside and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from the Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, floratheasaponin K (1), was isolated together with 11 known compounds including floratheasaponins D (2)–G (5), and I (6), chakasaponin V (7), and assamsaponin E (8) from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis cultivated in India. The chemical structure of floratheasaponin K (1) was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, chakasaponins V (7) and I (13) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tomoko Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Souichi Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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32
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Zhu F, Du B, Xu B. Anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1260-1270. [PMID: 28605204 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1251390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the first biological response of the immune system to infection, injury or irritation. Evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect is mediated through the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines, such as nitric oxide, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor alpha-α, interferon gamma-γ as well as noncytokine mediator, prostaglandin E2. Fruits, vegetables, and food legumes contain high levels of phytochemicals that show anti-inflammatory effect, but their mechanisms of actions have not been completely identified. The aim of this paper was to summarize the recent investigations and findings regarding in vitro and animal model studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of fruits, vegetables, and food legumes. Specific cytokines released for specific type of physiological event might shed some light on the specific use of each source of phytochemicals that can benefit to counter the inflammatory response. As natural modulators of proinflammatory gene expressions, phytochemical from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes could be incorporated into novel bioactive anti-inflammatory formulations of various nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Finally, these phytochemicals are discussed as the natural promotion strategy for the improvement of human health status. The phenolics and triterpenoids in fruits and vegetables showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than other compounds. In food legumes, lectins and peptides had anti-inflammatory activity in most cases. However, there are lack of human study data on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, and food legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Zhu
- a Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology , Qinhuangdao , Hebei , China
| | - Bin Du
- a Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology , Qinhuangdao , Hebei , China.,b Food Science and Technology Program , Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
| | - Baojun Xu
- b Food Science and Technology Program , Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College , Zhuhai , Guangdong , China
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33
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Zhang Y, Chen F, Chen J, Huang S, Chen J, Huang J, Li N, Sun S, Chu X, Zha L. Soyasaponin Bb inhibits the recruitment of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) into lipid rafts and its signaling pathway by suppressing the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1532-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Fengping Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jiading Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Suqun Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Suxia Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research; School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
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34
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Liu R, Xu B. Inhibitory Effects of Phenolics and Saponins From Commonly Consumed Food Legumes in China Against Digestive Enzymes Pancreatic Lipase andα-Glycosidase. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2014.971178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Fußbroich D, Schubert R, Schneider P, Zielen S, Beermann C. Impact of soyasaponin I on TLR2 and TLR4 induced inflammation in the MUTZ-3-cell model. Food Funct 2015; 6:1001-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory capacity of SoSa I is based on influencing both monocytic TLR2- and TLR4-induced inflammation by inhibiting whole bacteria more effectively than their appropriate PAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fußbroich
- Department of Food Technology
- University of Applied Sciences
- Fulda
- Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department of Allergology
- Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis
- Children's Hospital
- Goethe-University
- Frankfurt/Main
| | - Petra Schneider
- Department of Food Technology
- University of Applied Sciences
- Fulda
- Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Department of Allergology
- Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis
- Children's Hospital
- Goethe-University
- Frankfurt/Main
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36
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Chen J, Sun S, Zha D, Wu J, Mao L, Deng H, Chu X, Luo H, Zha L. Soyasaponins prevent H₂O₂-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication by scavenging reactive oxygen species in rat liver cells. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1342-51. [PMID: 25268883 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.956245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It appears to be more practical and effective to prevent carcinogenesis by targeting the tumor promotion stage. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is strongly involved in carcinogenesis, especially the tumor promotion stage. Considerable interest has been focused on the chemoprevention activities of soyasaponin (SS), which are major phytochemicals found in soybeans and soy products. However, less is known about the preventive effects of SS (especially SS with different chemical structures) against tumor promoter-induced inhibition of GJIC. We investigated the protective effects of SS-A1, SS-A2, and SS-I against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced GJIC inhibition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells. The present results clearly show for the first time that SS-A1, SS-A2, and SS-I prevent the H2O2-induced GJIC inhibition by scavenging ROS in BRL cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration range of from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Soyasaponins attenuated the H2O2-induced ROS through potentiating the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. This may be an important mechanism by which SS protects against tumor promotion. In addition, various chemical structures of SS appear to exhibit different protective abilities against GJIC inhibition. This may partly attribute to their differences in ROS-scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Chen
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
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37
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Zha L, Chen J, Sun S, Mao L, Chu X, Deng H, Cai J, Li X, Liu Z, Cao W. Soyasaponins can blunt inflammation by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107655. [PMID: 25233217 PMCID: PMC4169425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently shown that soyasaponins abundant in soybeans can decrease inflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)-mediated inflammation. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which soyasaponins inhibit the NF-kB pathway have not been established. In this study in macrophages, soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to a similar extent as the NF-kB inhibitor (BAY117082). Soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) also suppressed the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), another inflammatory marker, in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting NF-kB activation. In defining the associated mechanisms, we found that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) blunted the LPS-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation, IkB phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-kB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In studying the upstream targets of soyasaponins on the NF-kB pathway, we found that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) suppressed the LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt similarly as the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, which alone blocked the LPS-induced activation of NF-kB. Additionally, soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) reduced the LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the same extent as the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which alone inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt, IKKα/β, IkBα, and p65, transactivity of NF-kB, PGE2 production, and malondialdehyde production. Finally, our results show that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) elevated SOD activity and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Together, these results show that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) can blunt inflammation by inhibiting the ROS-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jiading Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wenhong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Guang C, Chen J, Sang S, Cheng S. Biological functionality of soyasaponins and soyasapogenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8247-55. [PMID: 25074337 DOI: 10.1021/jf503047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are a group of structurally complex oleanane triterpenoids primarily found in soybeans and have diverse biological properties. The recent investigations and findings (since 2000) regarding the biological functions of soyasaponins and their aglycones, including their anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and hepato- and cardiovascular-protective activities, are herein summarized. The primary conclusion is that the use of soyasaponins and soyasapogenols in functional foods should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Karimian P, Kavoosi G, Amirghofran Z. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Tagetes minuta essential oil in activated macrophages. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:219-27. [PMID: 25182441 PMCID: PMC3868793 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(14)60235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Tagetes minuta (T. minuta) essential oil. METHODS In the present study T. minuta essential oil was obtained from leaves of T. minuta via hydro-distillation and then was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The anti-oxidant capacity of T. minuta essential oil was examined by measuring reactive oxygen, reactive nitrogen species and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. minuta essential oil was determined through measuring NADH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α mRNA expression in lipopolysacharide-stimulated murine macrophages using real-time PCR. RESULTS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the main components in the T. minuta essential oil were dihydrotagetone (33.86%), E-ocimene (19.92%), tagetone (16.15%), cis-β-ocimene (7.94%), Z-ocimene (5.27%), limonene (3.1%) and epoxyocimene (2.03%). The T. minuta essential oil had the ability to scavenge all reactive oxygen/reactive nitrogen species radicals with IC50 12-15 µg/mL, which indicated a potent radical scavenging activity. In addition, T. minuta essential oil significantly reduced NADH oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthaseand TNF-α mRNA expression in the cells at concentrations of 50 µg/mL, indicating a capacity of this product to potentially modulate/diminish immune responses. CONCLUSIONS T. minuta essential oil has radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities and could potentially be used as a safe effective source of natural anti-oxidants in therapy against oxidative damage and stress associated with some inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Karimian
- Biotechnology Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-65186, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dengler EC, Liu J, Kerwin A, Torres S, Olcott CM, Bowman BN, Armijo L, Gentry K, Wilkerson J, Wallace J, Jiang X, Carnes EC, Brinker CJ, Milligan ED. Mesoporous silica-supported lipid bilayers (protocells) for DNA cargo delivery to the spinal cord. J Control Release 2013; 168:209-24. [PMID: 23517784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous mesoporous silica nanoparticles ('protocells') that support surface lipid bilayers recently characterized in vitro as carrier constructs for small drug and DNA delivery are reported here as highly biocompatible both in vitro and in vivo, involving the brain and spinal cord following spinal delivery into the lumbosacral subarachnoid space (intrathecal; i.t.). Specifically, positively charged, 1, 2-Dioleoyl-3-Trimethylammonium-Propane (DOTAP)-cholesterol (DOTAP:Chol) liposome-formulated protocells revealed stable in vitro cargo release kinetics and cellular interleukin-10 (IL-10) transgene transfection. Recent approaches using synthetic non-viral vector platforms to deliver the pain-suppressive therapeutic transgene, IL-10, to the spinal subarachnoid space have yielded promising results in animal models of peripheral neuropathy, a condition involving aberrant neuronal communication within sensory pathways in the nervous system. Non-viral drug and gene delivery protocell platforms offer potential flexibility because cargo release-rates can be pH-dependent. We report here that i.t. delivery of protocells, with modified chemistry supporting a surface coating of DOTAP:Chol liposomes and containing the IL-10 transgene, results in functional suppression of pain-related behavior in rats for extended periods. This study is the first demonstration that protocell vectors offer amenable and enduring in vivo biological characteristics that can be applied to spinal gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Dengler
- Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Kenny OM, McCarthy CM, Brunton NP, Hossain MB, Rai DK, Collins SG, Jones PW, Maguire AR, O'Brien NM. Anti-inflammatory properties of potato glycoalkaloids in stimulated Jurkat and Raw 264.7 mouse macrophages. Life Sci 2013; 92:775-82. [PMID: 23454444 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The potato glycoalkaloids, α-chaconine, α-solanine and solanidine, along with potato peel extracts were investigated for potential anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Their potential to reduce two biomarkers of inflammation, cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) productions, were assessed in the stimulated Jurkat and macrophage models, respectively. MAIN METHODS Cytokine and nitric oxide productions were stimulated in Jurkat and Raw 264.7 macrophages with Concanavalin A (Con A; 25 μg/ml) and lipopolysaccaride (LPS; 1 μg/ml), respectively. Selective concentrations of glycoalkaloids and potato peel extracts were added simultaneously with Con A or LPS for 24h to investigate their potential to reduce inflammatory activity. KEY FINDINGS α-Chaconine and solanidine significantly reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) productions in Con A-induced Jurkat cells. The potato peel extracts did not influence cytokine production. In LPS-stimulated Raw macrophages, α-solanine, solanidine and two potato peel extracts significantly reduced induced NO production. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that sub-cytotoxic concentrations of potato glycoalkaloids and potato peel extracts possess anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and with further investigation may be useful in the prevention of anti-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Kenny
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Xu C, Yang C, Yin Y, Liu J, Mine Y. Phosphopeptides (PPPs) from hen egg yolk phosvitin exert anti-inflammatory activity via modulation of cytokine expression. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Han Y, Jung HW, Lee JY, Kim JS, Kang SS, Kim YS, Park YK. 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata inhibits inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. J Med Food 2012; 15:505-10. [PMID: 22510152 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been widely used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in Oriental medicines. In this study we evaluated the effects of 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) isolated from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of DHAP on the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. DHAP significantly inhibited NO production via the suppression of iNOS expression and significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 via the down-regulation of their mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. DHAP potently inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. These results indicate that DHAP inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our results suggest that DHAP from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Han
- Oriental Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
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Guo C, Wang JS, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang PR, Kong LY. Relationship of Chemical Structure to in Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Stem Barks of Aphanamixis grandifolia. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:1003-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Peng-Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
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Lee IA, Park YJ, Joh EH, Kim DH. Soyasaponin Ab ameliorates colitis by inhibiting the binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 on macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13165-13172. [PMID: 22060784 DOI: 10.1021/jf2033818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many clinical studies have shown that daily intake of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr., Fabacease] or its foods may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, heart attack, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases, and cancers, including prostate, colon, and breast cancers. Of the soy constituents, soyasaponins exhibit anti-aging, antioxidant, apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of soyasaponin Ab has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we investigated its anti-inflammatory effects in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Soyasaponin Ab inhibited colon shortening, myeloperoxidase activity, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Soyasaponin Ab (1, 2, 5, and 10 μM) inhibited the production of NO (IC(50) = 1.6 ± 0.1 μM) and prostaglandin E(2) (IC(50) = 2.0 ± 0.1 ng/mL), the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (IC(50) = 1.3 ± 0.1 ng/mL), interleukin (IL)-1β (IC(50) = 1.5 ± 0.1 pg/mL), and toll-like receptor (TLR)4, and the phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-1 in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. Soyasaponin Ab weakly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38. Soyasaponin Ab significantly reduced the binding of Alexa-Fluor-594-conjugated LPS to peritoneal macrophages. Soyasaponin Ab did not affect TLR4 expression or LPS-induced NF-κB activation in TLR4 siRNA-treated peritoneal macrophages (knockdown efficiency of TLR4 > 94%). On the basis of these findings, soyasaponin Ab may ameliorate colitis by inhibiting the binding of LPS to TLR4 on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ah Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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