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Jaber FA, Nasr S, Al-Sayed HMA, Al-Otaibi AM, Mohamed HS, Hamdy HM, Abdelnour SA, Fouad W. Effect of dietary supplementation of macadamia oil on the growth, immune function, physio-biochemical components and thyroid activity of growing rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38956882 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The current research aimed to assess the effects of dietary macadamia oil (MO) on carcass traits, growth performance, physio-biochemical components, immune function, thyroid hormones and inflammation markers of growing rabbits. A total of 96 growing rabbits were randomly distributed into four treatments, with 24 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or a diet supplemented with MO at 0.5 (MO0.5), 1 (MO1.0) and 2 (MO2.0) mL/kg of diet for eight weeks. The daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio showed a quadratic improvement with increasing levels of MO, and the optimal dose was 1.25 mL/kg of diet. Increasing levels of MO also had a quadratic effect on hepatic and renal functions. Dose-response curves revealed that the optimal doses of MO were 1.50, 1.75 and 1.25 mL/kg of diet for total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and creatinine respectively. A quadratic relationship was observed between the increased levels of MO and tumour necrosis factor-α (p = 0.038), interleukin-6 (p = 0.014) and immunoglobulins (p = 0.016 and IgM p = 0.026). Additionally, a linear relationship was observed between the increment in MO levels and both nitric oxide (p = 0.040) and interleukin-4 (p = 0.001). The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a linear increase with increasing dietary MO content, while xanthine oxidase showed a linear decrease. Total antioxidant capacity showed quadratic improvement (p = 0.035) with the dietary treatment, with the optimal dose observed at 1.25 mL/kg of diet. The inclusion of MO in the diet had a linear effect on the activity of thyroxine (p = 0.001). Therefore, supplementation of MO at a dose of 1 or 1.5 mL/kg of diet in growing rabbits' diets can improve growth and carcass traits, sustain thyroid function by supporting immunity, and reduce oxidative/inflammation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima A Jaber
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Nasr
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M A Al-Sayed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara M Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan S Mohamed
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Production Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Haggag M Hamdy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walid Fouad
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
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2
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Luo JH, Zou WS, Li J, Liu W, Huang J, Wu HW, Shen JL, Li F, Yuan JSW, Tao AK, Gong L, Zhang J, Wang XY. Untargeted serum and liver metabolomics analyses reveal the gastroprotective effect of polysaccharide from Evodiae fructus on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123481. [PMID: 36731690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the gastroprotective effect of Evodiae fructus polysaccharide (EFP) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Biochemical indexes along with untargeted serum and liver metabolomics were determined. Results showed that pre-treatment of EFP alleviated ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. EFP lessened oxidative stress and inflammation levels of stomachs, showing as increments of SOD and GSH-Px activities, GSH content and IL-10 level, and reductions of MDA and IL-6 levels. Meanwhile, EFP activated the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions, and decreasing Keap1 protein expression. Serum and liver metabolomics analyses indicated that 10 metabolic potential biomarkers were identified among normal control, ulcer control and 200 mg/kg·bw of EFP groups, which were related to 5 enriched metabolic pathways including vitamin B6 metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, bile secretion and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Further pearson's correlation analysis indicated that there were some positive and negative correlations between the biomarkers and the biochemical indexes. It could be concluded that the gastroprotection of EFP might be related to anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and alteration of metabolic pathways. This study supports the potential application of EFP in preventing ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hong Luo
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wan-Shuang Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hu-Wei Wu
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jian-Lin Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jia-Shuang-Wei Yuan
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - An-Kang Tao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liang Gong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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3
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Miles FL, Orlich MJ, Mashchak A, Chandler PD, Lampe JW, Duerksen-Hughes P, Fraser GE. The Biology of Veganism: Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030709. [PMID: 35277064 PMCID: PMC8839915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how vegetarian dietary patterns influence plasma metabolites involved in biological processes regulating chronic diseases. We sought to identify plasma metabolic profiles distinguishing vegans (avoiding meat, eggs, dairy) from non-vegetarians (consuming ≥28 g/day red meat) of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort using global metabolomics profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Differences in abundance of metabolites or biochemical subclasses were analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for surrogate and confounding variables, with cross-validation to simulate results from an independent sample. Random forest was used as a learning tool for classification, and principal component analysis was used to identify clusters of related metabolites. Differences in covariate-adjusted metabolite abundance were identified in over 60% of metabolites (586/930), after adjustment for false discovery. The vast majority of differentially abundant metabolites or metabolite subclasses showed lower abundance in vegans, including xanthine, histidine, branched fatty acids, acetylated peptides, ceramides, and long-chain acylcarnitines, among others. Many of these metabolite subclasses have roles in insulin dysregulation, cardiometabolic phenotypes, and inflammation. Analysis of metabolic profiles in vegans and non-vegetarians revealed vast differences in these two dietary groups, reflecting differences in consumption of animal and plant products. These metabolites serve as biomarkers of food intake, many with potential pathophysiological consequences for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L. Miles
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Michael J. Orlich
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Paulette D. Chandler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Gary E. Fraser
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-4753
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Berdún R, Jové M, Sol J, Cai W, He JC, Rodriguez-Mortera R, Martin-Garí M, Pamplona R, Uribarri J, Portero-Otin M. Restriction of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products Induces a Differential Plasma Metabolome and Lipidome Profile. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000499. [PMID: 34599622 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Diets with low content in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) lead to beneficial properties in highly prevalent age-related diseases. To shed light on the mechanisms behind, the changes induced by a low AGE dietary intervention in the circulating metabolome are analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS To this end, 20 non-diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are randomized to continue their usual diet or to one with a low content of AGEs for 1 month. Then, plasmatic metabolome and lipidomes are analyzed by liquid-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The levels of defined AGE structures are also quantified by ELISA and by mass-spectrometry. The results show that the low AGE diet impinged significant changes in circulating metabolomes (166 molecules) and lipidomes (91 lipids). Metabolic targets of low-AGE intake include sphingolipid, ether-lipids, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Further, it reproduces some of the plasma characteristics of healthy aging. CONCLUSION The finding of common pathways induced by low-AGE diets with previous metabolic traits implicated in aging, insulin resistance, and obesity suggest the usefulness of the chosen approach and supports the potential extension of this study to other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain.,Primary Care, Catalan Health Institute (ICS), Lleida, Spain.,Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John C He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reyna Rodriguez-Mortera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Meritxell Martin-Garí
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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Function and therapeutic potential of N-acyl amino acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 239:105114. [PMID: 34217720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) are amphiphilic molecules, with different potential fatty acid and head group moieties. NAAs are the largest family of anandamide congener lipids discovered to date. In recent years, several NAAs have been identified as potential ligands, engaging novel binding sites and mechanisms for modulation of membrane proteins such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPRs), nuclear receptors, ion channels, and transporters. NAAs play a key role in a variety of physiological functions as lipid signaling molecules. Understanding the structure, function roles, and pharmacological potential of these NAAs is still in its infancy, and the biochemical roles are also mostly unknown. This review will provide a summary of the literature on NAAs and emphasize their therapeutic potential.
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6
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Burstein SH. The chemistry, biology and pharmacology of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106408. [PMID: 31931079 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPGs) are a small group compounds that are a subset of the eicosanoid superfamily, which are metabolites of arachidonic acid as well as other polyunsaturated fatty acids. The CyPGs are defined by a structural feature, namely, a five-membered carbocyclic ring containing an alfa-beta unsaturated keto group. The two most studied members are PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2); other less studied members are PGA1, Δ12-PGJ2, and PGJ2. They are involved in a number of biological activities including the ability to resolve chronic inflammation and the growth and survival of cells, particularly those of cancerous or neurological origin. Also, they can activate the prostaglandin DP2 receptor as well as the ligand-dependent transcription factor PPAR-gamma. Their ability to promote the resolution of chronic inflammation makes it of particular interest to have a good understanding of their actions. Since their discovery, the literature on the CyPGs has greatly expanded both in size and in scope; these reports are covered in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumner H Burstein
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States.
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7
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Foster JR, Ueno S, Chen MX, Harvey J, Dowell SJ, Irving AJ, Brown AJ. N-Palmitoylglycine and other N-acylamides activate the lipid receptor G2A/GPR132. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00542. [PMID: 31768260 PMCID: PMC6868653 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR132, also known as G2A, is activated by 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) and other oxidized fatty acids. Other suggested GPR132 agonists including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) have not been readily reproduced. Here, we identify N-acylamides in particular N-acylglycines, as lipid activators of GPR132 with comparable activity to 9-HODE. The order-of-potency is N-palmitoylglycine > 9-HODE ≈ N-linoleoylglycine > linoleamide > N-oleoylglycine ≈ N-stereoylglycine > N-arachidonoylglycine > N-docosehexanoylglycine. Physiological concentrations of N-acylglycines in tissue are sufficient to activate GPR132. N-linoleoylglycine and 9-HODE also activate rat and mouse GPR132, despite limited sequence conservation to human. We describe pharmacological tools for GPR132, identified through drug screening. SKF-95667 is a novel GPR132 agonist. SB-583831 and SB-583355 are peptidomimetic molecules containing core amino acids (glycine and phenylalanine, respectively), and structurally related to previously described ligands. A telmisartan analog, GSK1820795A, antagonizes the actions of N-acylamides at GPR132. The synthetic cannabinoid CP-55 940 also activates GPR132. Molecular docking to a homology model suggested a site for lipid binding, predicting the acyl side-chain to extend into the membrane bilayer between TM4 and TM5 of GPR132. Small-molecule ligands are envisaged to occupy a "classical" site encapsulated in the 7TM bundle. Structure-directed mutagenesis indicates a critical role for arginine at position 203 in transmembrane domain 5 to mediate GPR132 activation by N-acylamides. Our data suggest distinct modes of binding for small-molecule and lipid agonists to the GPR132 receptor. Antagonists, such as those described here, will be vital to understand the physiological role of this long-studied target.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Foster
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Medicines Research CentreStevenageUK
- School of MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundee UniversityDundeeUK
| | - Shohta Ueno
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Medicines Research CentreStevenageUK
- Present address:
RegeneronUxbridgeUK
| | - Mao Xiang Chen
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Medicines Research CentreStevenageUK
| | - Jenni Harvey
- School of MedicineNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundee UniversityDundeeUK
| | - Simon J. Dowell
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Medicines Research CentreStevenageUK
| | - Andrew J. Irving
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical ScienceThe Conway InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Andrew J. Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D Ltd, Medicines Research CentreStevenageUK
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Kumara HK, Ramesh S, Vardhan DMS, Kumar JS, Gowda DC. Dipeptides as linker for multicomponent presentation—a facile, robust, and high-bioactivity yielding strategy. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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ANDERSON RYANL, MERKLER DAVIDJ. N-FATTY ACYLGLYCINES: UNDERAPPRECIATED ENDOCANNABINOID-LIKE FATTY ACID AMIDES? JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND NATURE 2018; 8:156-165. [PMID: 29607420 PMCID: PMC5878051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain N-fatty acylglycines, R-CO-NH-CH2-COOH (where "R" refers to an unsaturated or saturated alkyl chain of at least 14 carbons) are found in mammals and insects and are structurally related to the cell-signaling, lipid-like, N-fatty acylethanolamines, R-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-OH (where "R" refers to an alkyl chain of at least 14 carbons). Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the N-fatty acylglycines have important cellular functions, but much work remains in order to fully appreciate and understand these biomolecules including: (a) more work on their functions in vivo, (b) measuring their concentrations in the cell, (c) defining the pathways for the biosynthesis and degradation, and (d) understanding the metabolic interconversion(s) between the N-fatty acylglycines and other fatty acid amides. The purpose of reviewing the current state-of-knowledge about the N-fatty acylglycines is to stimulate future research about this intriguing family of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- RYAN L. ANDERSON
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa FL33620, USA
| | - DAVID J. MERKLER
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa FL33620, USA
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Li KJ, Borresen EC, Jenkins-Puccetti N, Luckasen G, Ryan EP. Navy Bean and Rice Bran Intake Alters the Plasma Metabolome of Children at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Nutr 2018; 4:71. [PMID: 29404331 PMCID: PMC5786740 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cholesterol in childhood predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Navy beans and rice bran have demonstrated efficacy in regulating blood lipids in adults and children; however, their effects on modulating the child plasma metabolome has not been investigated and warrants investigation. A pilot, randomized-controlled, clinical trial was conducted in 38 children (10 ± 0.8 years old) with abnormal cholesterol. Participants consumed a snack for 4 weeks containing either: no navy bean or rice bran (control); 17.5 g/day cooked navy bean powder; 15 g/day heat-stabilized rice bran; or 9 g/day navy beans and 8 g/day rice bran. Plasma metabolites were extracted using 80% methanol for global, non-targeted metabolic profiling via ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Differences in plasma metabolite levels after 4 weeks of dietary intervention compared to control and baseline were analyzed using analysis of variance and Welch's t-tests (p ≤ 0.05). Navy bean and/or rice bran consumption influenced 71 plasma compounds compared to control (p ≤ 0.05), with lipids representing 46% of the total plasma metabolome. Significant changes were determined for 18 plasma lipids in the navy bean group and 10 plasma lipids for the rice bran group compared to control, and 48 lipids in the navy bean group and 40 in the rice bran group compared to baseline. These results support the hypothesis that consumption of these foods impact blood lipid metabolism with implications for reducing CVD risk in children. Complementary and distinct lipid pathways were affected by the diet groups, including acylcarnitines and lysolipids (navy bean), sphingolipids (rice bran), and phospholipids (navy bean + rice bran). Navy bean consumption decreased free fatty acids associated with metabolic diseases (palmitate and arachidonate) and increased the relative abundance of endogenous anti-inflammatory lipids (endocannabinoids, N-linoleoylglycine, 12,13-diHOME). Several diet-derived amino acids, phytochemicals, and cofactors/vitamins with cardioprotective properties were increased compared to control and/or baseline, including 6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate (1.87-fold), N-methylpipecolate (1.89-fold), trigonelline (4.44- to 7.75-fold), S-methylcysteine (2.12-fold) (navy bean), salicylate (2.74-fold), and pyridoxal (3.35- to 3.96-fold) (rice bran). Findings from this pilot study support the need for investigating the effects of these foods for longer durations to reduce CVD risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT01911390).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Li
- Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Erica C. Borresen
- Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - NaNet Jenkins-Puccetti
- Medical Center of the Rockies, University of Colorado Health Research – Northern Region, Loveland, CO, United States
| | - Gary Luckasen
- Medical Center of the Rockies, University of Colorado Health Research – Northern Region, Loveland, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Burstein SH. N-Acyl Amino Acids (Elmiric Acids): Endogenous Signaling Molecules with Therapeutic Potential. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:228-238. [PMID: 29138268 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of N-acyl amino acid conjugates has been rapidly growing in recent years, especially with regard to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions. The field comprises a large family of lipid signaling molecules whose importance is only now being fully realized. The most widely studied member is N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly), which differs structurally from the endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide) by a single oxygen atom even as the two are metabolically related. Topics that are covered in this minireview are: biosynthetic pathways for N-acyl amino acids, receptors for N-acyl amino acids, physiologic actions of N-acyl amino acids, pharmacological effects of N-acyl amino acids, and molecular mechanisms believed to be responsible for their effects. On the subject of mechanisms, we propose several possibilities whose basis is the currently available information. Four putative pathways can be suggested: 1) inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase-induced increases in anandamide or 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) levels, resulting in analgesic activity; 2) binding to GPR18, initiating the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (specifically, the data suggest roles for 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-J2 and lipoxin A4, both of which are potent inflammation-resolving molecules); 3) inactivation of T-type Cav3 channels; and 4) inhibition of the GLYT2 glycine transporter. Each pathway would produce analgesic effects. Also, the N-acyl amino acids do not bind to either cannabinoid or opioid receptors, thus reducing adverse actions and making them good templates for novel drug candidate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumner H Burstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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12
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Piscitelli F, Bradshaw HB. Endocannabinoid Analytical Methodologies: Techniques That Drive Discoveries That Drive Techniques. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 80:1-30. [PMID: 28826532 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the two major endogenous cannabinoid ligands, known as endocannabinoids, N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), opened the way for the identification and isolation of other lipid congeners, all derivatives of fatty acids and related to the Endocannabinoid System. The nomenclature of this anandamide-type class of lipids is evolving as new species are discovered all the time. However, they each fall under the larger umbrella of lipids that are a conjugation of a fatty acid with an amine through and amide bond, which we will refer to as lipoamines. Specific subspecies of lipoamines that have been discovered are the N-acyl-ethanolamides (including AEA), N-acyl-dopamines, N-acyl-serotonins, N-acyl-GABA, N-acyl-taurines, and a growing number of N-acyl amino acids. Emerging data from multiple labs also show that monoacylglycerols (including 2-AG), COX-2 metabolites, and fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids are interconnected with these lipoamines at both the biosynthetic and metabolic levels. Understanding the molecular relatedness of these lipids is important for studying how they act as signaling molecules; however, a first step in this process hinges on advances in being able to accurately measure them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICB-CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy.
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Vudhgiri S, Prasad RBN, Poornachandra Y, Ganesh Kumar C, Anjaneyulu E, Sirisha K, Jala RCR. The impact of sugar and fatty acid on the bioactivity of N-fatty acyl-L-tyrosine aglycone. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zurier RB, Burstein SH. Cannabinoids, inflammation, and fibrosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:3682-3689. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600646r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Zurier
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA
| | - Sumner H. Burstein
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA
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New Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, Nalidixic Acid Linked to Isatin Schiff Bases via Certain l-Amino Acid Bridges. Molecules 2016; 21:498. [PMID: 27092477 PMCID: PMC6273797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of isatins with the nalidixic acid-l-amino acid hydrazides. Prior to hydrazide formation, a peptide linkage has been prepared via coupling of nalidixic acid with appropriate l-amino acid methyl esters to yield 3a-c. The chemical structures of the new Schiff bases (5b and 5d-h) were confirmed by means of IR, NMR, mass spectroscopic, and elemental analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity of these Schiff bases was evaluated via measurement of the expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells model. The Schiff bases exhibited significant dual inhibitory effect against the induction of the pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins with variable potencies. However, they strongly down-regulated the iNOS expression to the level of 16.5% ± 7.4%-42.2% ± 19.6% compared to the effect on COX-2 expression (<56.4% ± 3.1% inhibition) at the same concentration (10 μM). The higher iNOS inhibition activity of the tested Schiff bases, relative to that of COX-2, seems to be a reflection of the combined suppressive effects exerted by their nalidixic acid, isatins (4a-c), and l-amino acid moieties against iNOS expression. These synthesized nalidixic acid-l-amino acid-isatin conjugates can be regarded as a novel class of anti-inflammatory antibacterial agents.
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Burstein SH. The cannabinoid acids, analogs and endogenous counterparts. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2830-43. [PMID: 24731541 PMCID: PMC4351512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid acids are a structurally heterogeneous group of compounds some of which are endogenous molecules and others that are metabolites of phytocannabinoids. The prototypic endogenous substance is N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAgly) that is closely related in structure to the cannabinoid agonist anandamide. The most studied phytocannabinoid is Δ(9)-THC-11-oic acid, the principal metabolite of Δ(9)-THC. Both types of acids have in common several biological actions such as low affinity for CB1 anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic properties. This suggests that there may be similarities in their mechanism of action, a point that is discussed in this review. Also presented are reports on analogs of the acids that provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic agents, such as ajulemic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumner H Burstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Kattamuri PV, Salmonsen R, McQuain C, Burstein S, Sun H, Li G. Asymmetric synthesis of novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. Life Sci 2013; 92:506-11. [PMID: 22820546 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To design and synthesize novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluate their analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. MAIN METHODS The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 has been widely used as a model for inflammatory responses in vitro. Our model consists of cultured monolayers of RAW 264.7 cells in which media concentrations of 15-deoxy-Δ(13,14)-PGJ2 (PGJ) are measured by ELISA following LPS (10ng/ml) stimulation and treatment with 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10μM concentrations of the compounds. KEY FINDINGS Our data indicate that several of our compounds have the capacity to increase production of PGJ and may also increase the occurrence of programmed cell death (apoptosis). SIGNIFICANCE Thus these agents are potential candidates for the therapy of conditions characterized by ongoing (chronic) inflammation and its associated pain.
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