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Becerril-Vega J, Hernández-Campos A, González-Hernández I, Flores-Ramos M, Castillo R, Leyva-Gómez G, Mayet-Cruz L, Jung-Cook H. Development and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Two Parenteral Formulations of Albendazole Using Prodrug and Cosolvent Approaches. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:158. [PMID: 37498473 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug used for parasitic infections. In addition, due to its mechanism of action, it has been studied as an anticancer agent. However, poor and highly variable bioavailability are limiting factors for its use in systemic illnesses. The present study aimed to develop two parenteral formulations of albendazole and to compare its pharmacokinetic profile with the conventional oral administration. Parenteral formulations were developed using two different approaches: a phosphonooxymethylated prodrug and cosolvents. For the albendazole prodrug, once synthetized, its solubility and hydrolysis with alkaline phosphatase were evaluated. A factorial design of experiments was used for the cosolvent formulation. Stability and hemolytic activity were assessed. A pharmacokinetic study was performed on New Zealand rabbits. Both formulations were administered intravenously, and the prodrug was also administered intramuscularly. Results were compared with those obtained after the oral administration of albendazole. A 20,000-fold and 6000-fold increase in albendazole solubility was found with the prodrug and cosolvent formulations, respectively. Both parenteral formulations displayed higher albendazole plasma concentrations for the first 2 h compared with oral administration, even when the oral dose was doubled. The absolute bioavailability of oral albendazole was 15.5% while for the intramuscular administration of the prodrug was 102.6%. Both parenteral formulations showed a significant decrease in the formation of albendazole sulfoxide (ANOVA p<0.05) and allowed greater exposure to albendazole. Albendazole cosolvent parenteral formulation could be a promising option in systemic illnesses considering its ease of preparation and superb pharmacokinetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Becerril-Vega
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iliana González-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Flores-Ramos
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Mayet-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helgi Jung-Cook
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yang BW, Yang S, Kim S, Baek AR, Sung B, Kim YH, Lee JT, Lee SY, Kim HK, Choi G, Park JA, Nam SW, Lee GH, Chang Y. Flavonoid-Conjugated Gadolinium Complexes as Anti-Inflammatory Theranostic Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122470. [PMID: 36552678 PMCID: PMC9774776 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated gadolinium compounds conjugated with flavonoids as potential theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation. These novel theranostic agents combine a molecular imaging agent and one of three flavonoids (galangin, chrysin, and 7-hydroxyflavone) as anti-inflammatory drugs as a single integrated platform. Using these agents, MR imaging showed contrast enhancement (>10 in CNR) at inflamed sites in an animal inflammation model, and subsequent MR imaging used to monitor the therapeutic efficacy of these integrated agents revealed changes in inflamed regions. The anti-inflammatory effects of these agents were demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antioxidant efficacy of the agents was evaluated by measuring their reactive oxygen species scavenging properties. For example, Gd-galangin at 30 μM showed a three-fold higher ROS scavenging of DPPH. Taken together, our findings provide convincing evidence to indicate that flavonoid-conjugated gadolinium compounds can be used as potentially efficient theranostic agents for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Woo Yang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rum Baek
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Hee Kim
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- R&D Center, Etnova Therapeutics Corp., 124, Sagimakgol-ro, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si 13207, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Park
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Nam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-420-5471
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Current Status for Controlling the Overlooked Caprine Fasciolosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061819. [PMID: 34207215 PMCID: PMC8235714 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Retaining sustainable agricultural systems is essential to feed the expanding population. Helminth parasite infections impact livestock production values and yields, including infections in goats, which are often overlooked. There is a requirement to collate caprine-specific knowledge surrounding fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (liver flukes). Current liver fluke control methods include drug application and pasture management. This review aims to outline goat-specific fasciolosis vaccine development and the potential for alternative control methods. Abstract The disease fasciolosis is caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which infect a wide range of mammals and production livestock, including goats. These flatworm parasites are globally distributed and predicted to cost the livestock industry a now conservative USD 3 billion per year in treatment and lowered on-farm productivity. Infection poses a risk to animal welfare and results in lowered fertility rates and reduced production yields of meat, milk and wool. This zoonotic disease is estimated to infect over 600 million animals and up to 2.4 million humans. Current and future control is threatened with the global emergence of flukes resistant to anthelmintics. Drug resistance calls for immediate on-farm parasite management to ensure treatments are effective and re-infection rates are kept low, while a sustainable long-term control method, such as a vaccine, is being developed. Despite the recent expansion of the goat industry, particularly in developing countries, there are limited studies on goat-focused vaccine control studies and the effectiveness of drug treatments. There is a requirement to collate caprine-specific fasciolosis knowledge. This review will present the current status of liver fluke caprine infections and potential control methods for application in goat farming.
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Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
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5
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Arias-García R, Vera-Montenegro Y, Flores-Ramos M, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Ibarra-Velarde F. Efficiency comparison of experimental fosfatriclaben with three commercial fasciolicides in experimentally infected sheep. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2687-2693. [PMID: 32514648 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we compare and evaluate the efficiency of fosfatriclaben with three commercial fasciolicides in experimentally infected sheep. Fosfatriclaben is a novel prodrug derived from triclabendazole; it is highly water-soluble with excellent aqueous stability at pH 7, properties that make it ideal for developing intramuscular pharmaceutical compositions in the form of solutions. In order to compare, 30 mixed breed sheep, previously diagnosed negative to fluke eggs, were infected with 200 metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica, twice. Five groups of six animals/each were formed for treatments. Group 1 (G1) was treated with closantel 5% injectable at 5 mg/kg subcutaneously, G2 with clorsulon at 2 mg/kg subcutaneously, G3 with triclabendazole at 12 mg/kg per os, G4 with fosfatriclaben at 6 mg/kg intramuscularly (dose equivalent to triclabendazole content), and G5 remained as the non-treated control. On day 110, fecal samples were examined to determine the percentage of egg reduction after treatment, and sheep were humanely euthanized. The livers were collected, the flukes were extracted, measured, and counted. Efficiency in egg reduction was of 86.8, 90.5, 98.4, and 97.3% for closantel, clorsulon, triclabendazole, and fosfatriclaben, respectively, and efficiency against flukes was of 96.2, 91.9, 99.4, and 95.7%, respectively. No statistical differences were found between treatments. It is concluded that fosfatriclaben at 6 mg/kg intramuscularly presented a high fasciolicide efficiency, similar to the best commercial fasciolicides, having advantage over its predecessor since it uses half of the dose required by triclabendazole to remove flukes in sheep under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Arias-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yolanda Vera-Montenegro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Flores-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Froylán Ibarra-Velarde
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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6
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Fairweather I, Brennan GP, Hanna REB, Robinson MW, Skuce PJ. Drug resistance in liver flukes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 12:39-59. [PMID: 32179499 PMCID: PMC7078123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver flukes include Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., Fascioloides magna, Gigantocotyle explanatum and Dicrocoelium spp. The two main species, F. hepatica and F. gigantica, are major parasites of livestock and infections result in huge economic losses. As with C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp. and Dicrocoelium spp., they affect millions of people worldwide, causing severe health problems. Collectively, the group is referred to as the Food-Borne Trematodes and their true significance is now being more widely recognised. However, reports of resistance to triclabendazole (TCBZ), the most widely used anti-Fasciola drug, and to other current drugs are increasing. This is a worrying scenario. In this review, progress in understanding the mechanism(s) of resistance to TCBZ is discussed, focusing on tubulin mutations, altered drug uptake and changes in drug metabolism. There is much interest in the development of new drugs and drug combinations, the re-purposing of non-flukicidal drugs, and the development of new drug formulations and delivery systems; all this work will be reviewed. Sound farm management practices also need to be put in place, with effective treatment programmes, so that drugs can be used wisely and their efficacy conserved as much as is possible. This depends on reliable advice being given by veterinarians and other advisors. Accurate diagnosis and identification of drug-resistant fluke populations is central to effective control: to determine the actual extent of the problem and to determine how well or otherwise a treatment has worked; for research on establishing the mechanism of resistance (and identifying molecular markers of resistance); for informing treatment options; and for testing the efficacy of new drug candidates. Several diagnostic methods are available, but there are no recommended guidelines or standardised protocols in place and this is an issue that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fairweather
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
| | - G P Brennan
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - R E B Hanna
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | - M W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, The Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - P J Skuce
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, UK
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In vitro efficacies of solubility-improved mebendazole derivatives against Echinococcus multilocularis. Parasitology 2019; 146:1256-1262. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractRecently, we introduced an epoxy group to mebendazole by a reaction with epichlorohydrin and obtained two isoforms, mebendazole C1 (M-C1) and mebendazole C2 (M-C2). The in vitro effects of mebendazole derivatives at different concentrations on Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and metacestodes as well as cytotoxicity in rat hepatoma (RH) cells were examined. The results demonstrated that the solubility of the two derivatives was greatly improved compared to mebendazole. The mortality of protoscoleces in vitro reached to 70–80% after 7 days of exposure to mebendazole or M-C2, and M-C2 showed higher parasiticidal effects than mebendazole (P > 0.05). The parasiticidal effect of M-C1 was low, even at a concentration of 30 µm. The percentage of damaged metacestodes that were treated with mebendazole and M-C2 in vitro at different concentrations were similar, and M-C1 exhibited insignificant effects on metacestodes. Significant morphological changes on protoscoleces and metacestodes were observed after treatment with mebendazole and M-C2. In addition, the introduction of an epoxy group to mebendazole also reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of an epoxy group not only improved the solubility of mebendazole, but also increased its parasiticidal effects on E. multilocularis and reduced its cytotoxicity in RH cells.
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Ibarra-Velarde F, Vera-Montenegro Y, Flores-Ramos M, Cantó-Alarcon GJ, Hernández-Campos A, Alcala-Canto Y, Castillo R. Assessment of the effective dose of an experimental intramuscular formulation against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2018; 260:38-44. [PMID: 30197011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effective dose of an injectable prodrug, named compound alpha prodrug, against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in experimentally infected sheep was determined. In a first experiment, 30 sheep were infected with Fasciola hepatica on day 0 and 50. After microscopic detection of faecal eggs on day 80, groups (n = 6) 1 to 3 were treated with 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg of the experimental water-soluble prodrug compound alpha intramuscularly, respectively. Group 4 was treated with closantel and group 5 remained untreated. Copromicroscopical examinations were made on day 0, 80 and 108. On day 110, trematodes were collected from the bile ducts. Fasciolicide efficacy was assessed as a percentage of fluke-egg and adult-fluke reduction. Fluke length was also recorded. In a second experiment aimed to assess the fasciolicide activity of compound alpha prodrug against four-week-old flukes, 12 sheep were infected on day 0 and allocated into two groups (n = 6). On day 50 post infection, group A was treated with the experimental water-soluble prodrug compound alpha at 6 mg/kg/IM and B remained untreated. Fasciolicide activity was assessed on day 80 after collection, microscopic observation and measurement of flukes present in the parenchyma for immature stages and on day 108 for adults. Egg output decreased 91.2, 96.0, 98.8 and 94.9% for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Compound alpha prodrug cleared 97.6%, 98.51% and 100% of adult stages in a dose-dependent manner. Closantel killed 81.95% flukes. Regarding the second experiment, 81.2% efficacy was achieved. Immature flukes were significantly smaller in the treated group. It is concluded that the intramuscular application of compound alpha prodrug exerted fasciolicide efficacy against adults of Fasciola hepatica.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ibarra-Velarde
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
| | - Y Vera-Montenegro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - M Flores-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - G J Cantó-Alarcon
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Qro. CP., 76230, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, UNAM, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - R Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, UNAM, México City 04510, Mexico
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9
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Zimmermann SC, Tichý T, Vávra J, Dash RP, Slusher CE, Gadiano AJ, Wu Y, Jančařík A, Tenora L, Monincová L, Prchalová E, Riggins GJ, Majer P, Slusher BS, Rais R. N-Substituted Prodrugs of Mebendazole Provide Improved Aqueous Solubility and Oral Bioavailability in Mice and Dogs. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3918-3929. [PMID: 29648826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mebendazole (MBZ) was developed as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic but has recently shown efficacy as an anticancer agent. The use of MBZ for cancer, however, is challenging due to its poor solubility leading to poor bioavailability. Herein, we developed a prodrug approach with various N-linked promoieties including acyloxymethyl, aminoacyloxymethyl, and substituted phosphonooxymethyl in attempt to improve these characteristics. Compound 12, containing an (((((isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy)methoxy)phosphoryl)oxy)methyl promoiety, showed a >10 000-fold improvement in aqueous solubility. When evaluated in mice, 12 displayed a 2.2-fold higher plasma AUC0- t and a 1.7-fold improvement in brain AUC0- t with a calculated oral bioavailability of 52%, as compared to 24% for MBZ-polymorph C (MBZ-C), the most bioavailable polymorph. In dogs, 12 showed a 3.8-fold higher plasma AUC0- t with oral bioavailability of 41% compared to 11% for MBZ-C. In summary, we have identified a prodrug of MBZ with better physicochemical properties and enhanced bioavailability in both mice and dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vávra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrej Jančařík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Tenora
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Monincová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry v.v.i , Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague 166 10 , Czech Republic
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10
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Vázquez-Raygoza A, Cano-González L, Velázquez-Martínez I, Trejo-Soto PJ, Castillo R, Hernández-Campos A, Hernández-Luis F, Oria-Hernández J, Castillo-Villanueva A, Avitia-Domínguez C, Sierra-Campos E, Valdez-Solana M, Téllez-Valencia A. Species-Specific Inactivation of Triosephosphate Isomerase from Trypanosoma brucei: Kinetic and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122055. [PMID: 29186784 PMCID: PMC6149853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a disease that provokes 2184 new cases a year in Sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Current treatments are limited, highly toxic, and parasite strains resistant to them are emerging. Therefore, there is an urgency to find new drugs against HAT. In this context, T. brucei depends on glycolysis as the unique source for ATP supply; therefore, the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is an attractive target for drug design. In the present work, three new benzimidazole derivatives were found as TbTIM inactivators (compounds 1, 2 and 3) with an I50 value of 84, 82 and 73 µM, respectively. Kinetic analyses indicated that the three molecules were selective when tested against human TIM (HsTIM) activity. Additionally, to study their binding mode in TbTIM, we performed a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation of TbTIM-inactivator complexes. Simulations showed that the binding of compounds disturbs the structure of the protein, affecting the conformations of important domains such as loop 6 and loop 8. In addition, the physicochemical and drug-like parameters showed by the three compounds suggest a good oral absorption. In conclusion, these molecules will serve as a guide to design more potent inactivators that could be used to obtain new drugs against HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vázquez-Raygoza
- Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juarez University of Durango State, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitua S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (A.V.-R.); (C.A.-D.)
| | - Lucia Cano-González
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Israel Velázquez-Martínez
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Pedro Josué Trejo-Soto
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Rafael Castillo
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Alicia Hernández-Campos
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Francisco Hernández-Luis
- School of Chemistry, Pharmacy Department, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.C.-G.); (I.V.-M.); (P.J.T.-S.); (R.C.); (A.H.-C.); (F.H.-L.)
| | - Jesús Oria-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 04534, Mexico; (J.O.-H.); (A.C.-V.)
| | - Adriana Castillo-Villanueva
- Biochemistry and Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Mexico City 04534, Mexico; (J.O.-H.); (A.C.-V.)
| | - Claudia Avitia-Domínguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juarez University of Durango State, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitua S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (A.V.-R.); (C.A.-D.)
| | - Erick Sierra-Campos
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of Durango State, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gomez Palacio, Durango 35010, Mexico; (E.S.-C.); (M.V.-S)
| | - Mónica Valdez-Solana
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juarez University of Durango State, Av. Artículo 123 S/N Fracc. Filadelfia, Gomez Palacio, Durango 35010, Mexico; (E.S.-C.); (M.V.-S)
| | - Alfredo Téllez-Valencia
- Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Juarez University of Durango State, Av. Universidad y Fanny Anitua S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (A.V.-R.); (C.A.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +52-618-812-1687
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11
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Novel triclabendazole prodrug: A highly water soluble alternative for the treatment of fasciolosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:616-619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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The Prodrug Approach: A Successful Tool for Improving Drug Solubility. Molecules 2015; 21:42. [PMID: 26729077 PMCID: PMC6273601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodrug design is a widely known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their solubility and pharmacokinetic features and decrease their toxicity. A lack of solubility is one of the main obstacles to drug development. This review aims to describe recent advances in the improvement of solubility via the prodrug approach. The main chemical carriers and examples of successful strategies will be discussed, highlighting the advances of this field in the last ten years.
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13
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O’Dowd H, Shannon DE, Chandupatla KR, Dixit V, Engtrakul JJ, Ye Z, Jones SM, O’Brien CF, Nicolau DP, Tessier PR, Crandon JL, Song B, Macikenas D, Hanzelka BL, Le Tiran A, Bennani YL, Charifson PS, Grillot AL. Discovery and Characterization of a Water-Soluble Prodrug of a Dual Inhibitor of Bacterial DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:822-6. [PMID: 26191374 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole 1 is the lead compound resulting from an antibacterial program targeting dual inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. With the goal of improving key drug-like properties, namely, the solubility and the formulability of 1, an effort to identify prodrugs was undertaken. This has led to the discovery of a phosphate ester prodrug 2. This prodrug is rapidly cleaved to the parent drug molecule upon both oral and intravenous administration. The prodrug achieved equivalent exposure of 1 compared to dosing the parent in multiple species. The prodrug 2 has improved aqueous solubility, simplifying both intravenous and oral formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardwin O’Dowd
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dean E. Shannon
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kishan R. Chandupatla
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Vaishali Dixit
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Juntyma J. Engtrakul
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Zhengqi Ye
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Steven M. Jones
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Colleen F. O’Brien
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David P. Nicolau
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Pamela R. Tessier
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Jared L. Crandon
- Center
for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, 80
Seymour Street, Hartford, Connecticut 06102, United States
| | - Bin Song
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Dainius Macikenas
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian L. Hanzelka
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 2500 Crosspark Road, Bioventures Center, Coralville, Iowa 52241, United States
| | - Arnaud Le Tiran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Youssef L. Bennani
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 275 Boulevard Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - Paul S. Charifson
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Anne-Laure Grillot
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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