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Kantaputra P, Panichkul W, Sillapasorn P, Adisornkanj P, Kitsadayurach P, Kaewgaya M, Intachai W, Olsen B, Ngamphiw C, Leethanakul C, Jatooratthawichot P, Ketudat Cairns JR, Tongsima S. LRP4 mutations, dental anomalies, and oral exostoses. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:432-441. [PMID: 38013205 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to generate a normal set of teeth, fine-tuning of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required, in which WNT ligands bind to their inhibitors or WNT inhibitors bind to their co-receptors. Lrp4 regulates the number of teeth and their morphology by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a Wnt/β-catenin activator or inhibitor, depending on its interactions with the partner proteins, such as Sostdc1 and Dkk1. AIM To investigate genetic etiologies of dental anomalies involving LRP4 in a Thai cohort of 250 children and adults with dental anomalies. DESIGN Oral and radiographic examinations and whole exome sequencing were performed for every patient. RESULTS Two novel (p.Leu1356Arg and p.Ala1702Gly) and three recurrent (p.Arg263His, p.Gly1314Ser, and p.Asn1385Ser) rare variants in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4: MIM 604270) were identified in 11 patients. Oral exostoses were observed in five patients. CONCLUSION Antagonism of Bmp signaling by Sostdc1 requires the presence of Lrp4. Mice lacking Lrp4 have been demonstrated to have alteration of Wnt-Bmp-Shh signaling and an abnormal number of incisors. Therefore, the LRP4 mutations found in our patients may disrupt Wnt-Bmp-Shh signaling, thereby resulting in dental anomalies and oral exostoses. Root maldevelopment in the patients suggests an important role of LRP4 in root morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Dental Department, Sawang Daen Din Crown Prince Hospital, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | | | - Massupa Kaewgaya
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Leethanakul
- Orthodontic Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Peeranat Jatooratthawichot
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - James R Ketudat Cairns
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, and Center for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Zhang X, Yang F, Zhu T, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wen J, Zhang Y, Wang G, Ren X, Chen A, Wang X, Wang L, Lv X, Yang W, Qu C, Wang H, Ning Z, Qu L. Whole genome resequencing reveals genomic regions related to red plumage in ducks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103694. [PMID: 38663207 PMCID: PMC11068611 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plumage color is a characteristic trait of ducks that originates as a result of natural and artificial selection. As a conspicuous phenotypic feature, it is a breed characteristic. Previous studies have identified some genes associated with the formation of black and white plumage in ducks. However, studies on the genetic basis underlying the red plumage phenotype in ducks are limited. Here, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and selection signal detection (Fst, θπ ratio, and cross-population composite likelihood ratio [XP-CLR]) were conducted to identify candidate regions and genes underlying duck plumage color phenotype. Selection signal detection revealed 29 overlapping genes (including ENPP1 and ULK1) significantly associated with red plumage color in Ji'an Red ducks. ENSAPLG00000012679, ESRRG, and SPATA5 were identified as candidate genes associated with red plumage using GWAS. Selection signal detection revealed that 19 overlapping genes (including GMDS, PDIA6, and ODC1) significantly correlated with light brown plumage in Brown Tsaiya ducks. GWAS to narrow down the significant regions further revealed nine candidate genes (AKT1, ATP6V1C2, GMDS, LRP4, MAML3, PDIA6, PLD5, TMEM63B, and TSPAN8). Notably, in Brown Tsaiya ducks, GMDS, ODC1, and PDIA6 exhibit significantly differentiated allele frequencies among other feather-colored ducks, while in Ji'an Red ducks, ENSAPLG00000012679 has different allele frequency distributions compared with that in other feather-colored ducks. This study offers new insights into the variation and selection of the red plumage phenotype using GWAS and selective signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangxi Yang
- Beijing Nankou Duck Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhui Wen
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xufang Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wang
- VVBK Animal Medical Diagnostic Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Daxing District, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xueze Lv
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Weifang Yang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Qu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Huie Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lujiang Qu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu ZY, Li YQ, Wang DL, Wang Y, Qiu WT, Qiu YY, Zhang HL, You QL, Liu SM, Liang QN, Wu EJ, Hu BJ, Sun XD. Agrin-Lrp4 pathway in hippocampal astrocytes restrains development of temporal lobe epilepsy through adenosine signaling. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38783336 PMCID: PMC11112884 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human patients often experience an episode of serious seizure activity, such as status epilepticus (SE), prior to the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), suggesting that SE can trigger the development of epilepsy. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein (Lrp4), a receptor for proteoglycan-agrin, has been indicated to modulate seizure susceptibility. However, whether agrin-Lrp4 pathway also plays a role in the development of SE-induced TLE is not clear. METHODS Lrp4f/f mice were crossed with hGFAP-Cre and Nex-Cre mice to generate brain conditional Lrp4 knockout mice (hGFAP-Lrp4-/-) and pyramidal neuron specific knockout mice (Nex-Lrp4-/-). Lrp4 was specifically knocked down in hippocampal astrocytes by injecting AAV virus carrying hGFAP-Cre into the hippocampus. The effects of agrin-Lrp4 pathway on the development of SE-induced TLE were evaluated on the chronic seizure model generated by injecting kainic acid (KA) into the amygdala. The spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in mice were video monitored. RESULTS We found that Lrp4 deletion from the brain but not from the pyramidal neurons elevated the seizure threshold and reduced SRS numbers, with no change in the stage or duration of SRS. More importantly, knockdown of Lrp4 in the hippocampal astrocytes after SE induction decreased SRS numbers. In accord, direct injection of agrin into the lateral ventricle of control mice but not mice with Lrp4 deletion in hippocampal astrocytes also increased the SRS numbers. These results indicate a promoting effect of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes on the development of SE-induced TLE. Last, we observed that knockdown of Lrp4 in hippocampal astrocytes increased the extracellular adenosine levels in the hippocampus 2 weeks after SE induction. Blockade of adenosine A1 receptor in the hippocampus by DPCPX after SE induction diminished the effects of Lrp4 on the development of SE-induced TLE. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a promoting role of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in the development of SE-induced development of epilepsy through elevating adenosine levels. Targeting agrin-Lrp4 signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy to treat TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Die-Lin Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GMU-GIBH) Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ting Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yang Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Lin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Min Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ni Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Er-Jian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jie Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen BH, Lin ZY, Zeng XX, Jiang YH, Geng F. LRP4-related signalling pathways and their regulatory role in neurological diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148705. [PMID: 38065285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (LRP4) is mediated largely via the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK signalling pathway in the nervous system. LRP4 contributes to the development of synapses in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It interacts with signalling molecules such as the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) and the wingless type protein (Wnt). Its mechanisms of action are complex and mediated via interaction between the pre-synaptic motor neuron and post-synaptic muscle cell in the PNS, which enhances the development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). LRP4 may function differently in the central nervous system (CNS) than in the PNS, where it regulates ATP and glutamate release via astrocytes. It mayaffect the growth and development of the CNS by controlling the energy metabolism. LRP4 interacts with Agrin to maintain dendrite growth and density in the CNS. The goal of this article is to review the current studies involving relevant LRP4 signaling pathways in the nervous system. The review also discusses the clinical and etiological roles of LRP4 in neurological illnesses, such as myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we provide a theoretical foundation for the pathogenesis and therapeutic application of LRP4 in neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Yu Lin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yi-Han Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Wahyuningtyas ED, Triwardhani A, Ardani IGAW, Surboyo MDC. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:73-85. [PMID: 37311556 PMCID: PMC10959605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine has an important part in promoting and maintaining human health. One of them was grape seed extract (GSE). Various potentials of GSE in human health have been explored, and its potential for maintaining bone health is promising. Some initial research has provided evidence that the GSE was able to affect bone remodeling (bone resorption and bone formation). This scoping review analyzed and discussed all the reports on the effect of GSE on bone healing and bone remodeling in animals in the alveolar bone, jaw bone, and skeletal bone. The further purpose is to give an opportunity to research and development of supplementation of GSE for humans.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to compose this scoping review through database on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and manual search until December 2022. The inclusion criteria were a study that analyzed the effect of supplementation GSE on all bones.All included study was in vivo study with supplementation of GSE. The supplementation of GSE affects the alveolar bone, jaw bones, and skeletal bone by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis pathways, and osteoclastogenesis. It not only supports bone remodeling in bone inflammation, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and arthritis but also the GSE increases bone health by increasing the density and mineral deposition in trabecula and cortical bone.The supplementation of GSE supports bone remodeling by interfering with the inflammation process and bone formation not only by preventing bone resorption but also by maintaining bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Triwardhani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Khan H, Ullah K, Jan A, Ali H, Ullah I, Ahmad W. A variant in the LDL receptor-related protein encoding gene LRP4 underlying polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in a family of Pakistani origin. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2023; 63:190-194. [PMID: 37563890 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A family of Pakistani origin, segregating polydactyly, and phalangeal synostosis in an autosomal dominant manner, has been investigated and presented in the present report. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), followed by segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing, revealed a heterozygous missense variant [c.G1696A, p.(Gly566Ser)] in the LRP4 gene located on human chromosome 11p11.2. Homology protein modeling revealed the mutant Ser566 generated new interactions with at least four other amino acids and disrupted protein folding and function. Our findings demonstrated the first direct evidence of involvement of LRP4 in causing polydactyly and phalangeal synostosis in the same family. This study highlighted the importance of inclusion of LRP4 gene in screening individuals presenting polydactyly in hands and feet, and phalangeal synostosis in the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammal Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Jan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Uyen Dao TM, Barbeau S, Messéant J, Della-Gaspera B, Bouceba T, Semprez F, Legay C, Dobbertin A. The collagen ColQ binds to LRP4 and regulates the activation of the Muscle-Specific Kinase-LRP4 receptor complex by agrin at the neuromuscular junction. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104962. [PMID: 37356721 PMCID: PMC10382678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen Q (ColQ) is a nonfibrillar collagen that plays a crucial role at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by anchoring acetylcholinesterase to the synapse. ColQ also functions in signaling, as it regulates acetylcholine receptor clustering and synaptic gene expression, in a manner dependent on muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), a key protein in NMJ formation and maintenance. MuSK forms a complex with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), its coreceptor for the proteoglycan agrin at the NMJ. Previous studies suggested that ColQ also interacts with MuSK. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ColQ functions and ColQ-MuSK interaction have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether ColQ binds directly to MuSK and/or LRP4 and whether it modulates agrin-mediated MuSK-LRP4 activation. Using coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, plate-binding assays, and surface plasmon resonance, we show that ColQ binds directly to LRP4 but not to MuSK and that ColQ interacts indirectly with MuSK through LRP4. In addition, we show that the LRP4 N-terminal region, which contains the agrin-binding sites, is also crucial for ColQ binding to LRP4. Moreover, ColQ-LRP4 interaction was reduced in the presence of agrin, suggesting that agrin and ColQ compete for binding to LRP4. Strikingly, we reveal ColQ has two opposing effects on agrin-induced MuSK-LRP4 signaling: it constitutively reduces MuSK phosphorylation levels in agrin-stimulated myotubes but concomitantly increases MuSK accumulation at the muscle cell surface. Our results identify LRP4 as a major receptor of ColQ and provide new insights into mechanisms of ColQ signaling and acetylcholinesterase anchoring at the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Uyen Dao
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Susie Barbeau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Julien Messéant
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Tahar Bouceba
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IBPS, Protein Engineering Platform, Paris, France
| | - Fannie Semprez
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Claire Legay
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dobbertin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France.
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Tu WY, Xu W, Zhang J, Qi S, Bai L, Shen C, Zhang K. C9orf72 poly-GA proteins impair neuromuscular transmission. Zool Res 2023; 44:331-340. [PMID: 36799225 PMCID: PMC10083233 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motoneuron disease, in which lower motoneurons lose control of skeletal muscles. Degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) occurs at the initial stage of ALS. Dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) from G4C2 repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation are known to cause C9orf72-associated ALS (C9-ALS). However, DPR inclusion burdens are weakly correlated with neurodegenerative areas in C9-ALS patients, indicating that DPRs may exert cell non-autonomous effects, in addition to the known intracellular pathological mechanisms. Here, we report that poly-GA, the most abundant form of DPR in C9-ALS, is released from cells. Local administration of poly-GA proteins in peripheral synaptic regions causes muscle weakness and impaired neuromuscular transmission in vivo. The NMJ structure cannot be maintained, as evidenced by the fragmentation of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters and distortion of presynaptic nerve terminals. Mechanistic study demonstrated that extracellular poly-GA sequesters soluble Agrin ligands and inhibits Agrin-MuSK signaling. Our findings provide a novel cell non-autonomous mechanism by which poly-GA impairs NMJs in C9-ALS. Thus, targeting NMJs could be an early therapeutic intervention for C9-ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yo Tu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Shuyuan Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Lei Bai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
| | - Chengyong Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China
- MOE Frontier Science, Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. E-mail:
| | - Kejing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Neurobiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310020, China. E-mail:
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Cao R, Chen P, Wang H, Jing H, Zhang H, Xing G, Luo B, Pan J, Yu Z, Xiong WC, Mei L. Intrafusal-fiber LRP4 for muscle spindle formation and maintenance in adult and aged animals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:744. [PMID: 36765071 PMCID: PMC9918736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprioception is sensed by muscle spindles for precise locomotion and body posture. Unlike the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) for muscle contraction which has been well studied, mechanisms of spindle formation are not well understood. Here we show that sensory nerve terminals are disrupted by the mutation of Lrp4, a gene required for NMJ formation; inducible knockout of Lrp4 in adult mice impairs sensory synapses and movement coordination, suggesting that LRP4 is required for spindle formation and maintenance. LRP4 is critical to the expression of Egr3 during development; in adult mice, it interacts in trans with APP and APLP2 on sensory terminals. Finally, spindle sensory endings and function are impaired in aged mice, deficits that could be diminished by LRP4 expression. These observations uncovered LRP4 as an unexpected regulator of muscle spindle formation and maintenance in adult and aged animals and shed light on potential pathological mechanisms of abnormal muscle proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangjuan Cao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hongyang Jing
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Guanglin Xing
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jinxiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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10
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Yan M, Xiong M, Wu Y, Lin D, Chen P, Chen J, Liu Z, Zhang H, Ren D, Fei E, Lai X, Zou S, Wang S. LRP4 is required for the olfactory association task in the piriform cortex. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:54. [PMID: 35526070 PMCID: PMC9080164 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) plays a critical role in the central nervous system (CNS), including hippocampal synaptic plasticity, maintenance of excitatory synaptic transmission, fear regulation, as well as long-term potentiation (LTP).
Results
In this study, we found that Lrp4 was highly expressed in layer II of the piriform cortex. Both body weight and brain weight decreased in Lrp4ECD/ECD mice without TMD (Transmembrane domain) and ICD (intracellular domain) of LRP4. However, in the piriform cortical neurons of Lrp4ECD/ECD mice, the spine density increased, and the frequency of both mEPSC (miniature excitatory postsynaptic current) and sEPSC (spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current) was enhanced. Intriguingly, finding food in the buried food-seeking test was prolonged in both Lrp4ECD/ECD mice and Lrp4 cKO (conditional knockout of Lrp4 in the piriform cortex) mice.
Conclusions
This study indicated that the full length of LRP4 in the piriform cortex was necessary for maintaining synaptic plasticity and the integrity of olfactory function.
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11
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He X, Zhou S, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Lv J, Quan S, Zhang J, Zhao X, Cui W, Li W, Liu P, Zhang L, Shen T, Fang H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Cui X, Zhang Q, Gao F. Sorting nexin 17 increases low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 membrane expression: A novel mechanism of acetylcholine receptor aggregation in myasthenia gravis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916098. [PMID: 36311763 PMCID: PMC9601310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is characterized by autoimmune damage to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with impaired postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) aggregation. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) plays an important role in AChR aggregation at endplate membranes via the Agrin–LRP4–muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) cascade. Sorting nexin 17 (SNX17) regulates the degradation and recycling of various internalized membrane proteins. However, whether SNX17 regulates LRP4 remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the regulatory effects of SNX17 on LRP4 and its influence on AChR aggregation in MG. We selected C2C12 myotubes and induced LRP4 internalization via stimulation with anti-LRP4 antibody and confirmed intracellular interaction between SNX17 and LRP4. SNX17 knockdown and overexpression confirmed that SNX17 promoted MuSK phosphorylation and AChR aggregation by increasing cell surface LRP4 expression. By establishing experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) mouse models, we identified that SNX17 upregulation improved fragmentation of the AChR structure at the NMJ and alleviated leg weakness in EAMG mice. Thus, these results reveal that SNX17 may be a novel target for future MG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao He
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Zhou
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingna Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shangkun Quan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weike Cui
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhong Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinzheng Cui
- Myasthenia Gravis Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Zhang
- Myasthenia Gravis Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Gao,
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12
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Lagrange J, Worou ME, Michel JB, Raoul A, Didelot M, Muczynski V, Legendre P, Plénat F, Gauchotte G, Lourenco-Rodrigues MD, Christophe OD, Lenting PJ, Lacolley P, Denis CV, Regnault V. The VWF/LRP4/αVβ3-axis represents a novel pathway regulating proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:622-637. [PMID: 33576766 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a plasma glycoprotein involved in primary haemostasis, while also having additional roles beyond haemostasis namely in cancer, inflammation, angiogenesis, and potentially in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Here, we addressed how VWF modulates VSMC proliferation and investigated the underlying molecular pathways and the in vivo pathophysiological relevance. METHODS AND RESULTS VWF induced proliferation of human aortic VSMCs and also promoted VSMC migration. Treatment of cells with a siRNA against αv integrin or the RGT-peptide blocking αvβ3 signalling abolished proliferation. However, VWF did not bind to αvβ3 on VSMCs through its RGD-motif. Rather, we identified the VWF A2 domain as the region mediating binding to the cells. We hypothesized the involvement of a member of the LDL-related receptor protein (LRP) family due to their known ability to act as co-receptors. Using the universal LRP-inhibitor receptor-associated protein, we confirmed LRP-mediated VSMC proliferation. siRNA experiments and confocal fluorescence microscopy identified LRP4 as the VWF-counterreceptor on VSMCs. Also co-localization between αvβ3 and LRP4 was observed via proximity ligation analysis and immuno-precipitation experiments. The pathophysiological relevance of our data was supported by VWF-deficient mice having significantly reduced hyperplasia in carotid artery ligation and artery femoral denudation models. In wild-type mice, infiltration of VWF in intimal regions enriched in proliferating VSMCs was found. Interestingly, also analysis of human atherosclerotic lesions showed abundant VWF accumulation in VSMC-proliferating rich intimal areas. CONCLUSION VWF mediates VSMC proliferation through a mechanism involving A2 domain binding to the LRP4 receptor and integrin αvβ3 signalling. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that drive physiological repair and pathological hyperplasia of the arterial vessel wall. In addition, the VWF/LRP4-axis may represent a novel therapeutic target to modulate VSMC proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Hyperplasia
- Integrin alphaVbeta3/genetics
- Integrin alphaVbeta3/metabolism
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/genetics
- LDL-Receptor Related Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- von Willebrand Factor/genetics
- von Willebrand Factor/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lagrange
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
| | - Morel E Worou
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
| | | | - Alexandre Raoul
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
| | - Mélusine Didelot
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Muczynski
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Paulette Legendre
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Marc-Damien Lourenco-Rodrigues
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier D Christophe
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrick Lacolley
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- HITh, UMR_S1176, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1176, 80 rue du Général Leclerc,94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Regnault
- INSERM, UMR_S 1116, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, DCAC, Nancy, France
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13
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Martínez-Gil N, Ugartondo N, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Wnt Pathway Extracellular Components and Their Essential Roles in Bone Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13010138. [PMID: 35052478 PMCID: PMC8775112 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is involved in several processes essential for bone development and homeostasis. For proper functioning, the Wnt pathway is tightly regulated by numerous extracellular elements that act by both activating and inhibiting the pathway at different moments. This review aims to describe, summarize and update the findings regarding the extracellular modulators of the Wnt pathway, including co-receptors, ligands and inhibitors, in relation to bone homeostasis, with an emphasis on the animal models generated, the diseases associated with each gene and the bone processes in which each member is involved. The precise knowledge of all these elements will help us to identify possible targets that can be used as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
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14
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Yu Z, Zhang M, Jing H, Chen P, Cao R, Pan J, Luo B, Yu Y, Quarles BM, Xiong W, Rivner MH, Mei L. Characterization of LRP4/Agrin Antibodies From a Patient With Myasthenia Gravis. Neurology 2021; 97:e975-e987. [PMID: 34233932 PMCID: PMC8448554 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To determine whether human anti-LRP4/agrin antibodies are pathogenic in mice and to investigate underpinning pathogenic mechanisms. METHODS Immunoglobulin (Ig) was purified from a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG) with anti-LRP4/agrin antibodies and transferred to mice. Mice were characterized for body weight, muscle strength, twitch and tetanic force, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) functions including compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and endplate potentials, and NMJ structure. Effects of the antibodies on agrin-elicited muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) activation and AChR clustering were studied and the epitopes of these antibodies were identified. RESULTS Patient Ig-injected mice had MG symptoms, including weight loss and muscle weakness. Decreased CMAPs, reduced twitch and tetanus force, compromised neuromuscular transmission, and NMJ fragmentation and distortion were detected in patient Ig-injected mice. Patient Ig inhibited agrin-elicited MuSK activation and AChR clustering. The patient Ig recognized the β3 domain of LRP4 and the C-terminus of agrin and reduced agrin-enhanced LRP4-MuSK interaction. DISCUSSION Anti-LRP4/agrin antibodies in the patient with MG is pathogenic. It impairs the NMJ by interrupting agrin-dependent LRP4-MuSK interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Meiying Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Hongyang Jing
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Peng Chen
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Rangjuan Cao
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Jinxiu Pan
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Bin Luo
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Yue Yu
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Brandy M Quarles
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Wencheng Xiong
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH
| | - Michael H Rivner
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH.
| | - Lin Mei
- From the Department of Neurosciences (Z.Y., M.Z., H.J., P.C., R.C., J.P., B.L., W.X., L.M.), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland; Beachwood High School (Y.Y.), OH; Department of Neurology (B.M.Q., M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; and Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.X., L.M.), OH.
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15
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Agrin Yes-associated Protein Promotes the Proliferation of Epicardial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:94-99. [PMID: 33136763 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Embryonic epicardial cells make an important contribution to cardiac development. However, their proliferation mechanism is still unclear. Epicardial cells from E12.5 fetal hearts were used in our study. Agrin was used to treat these cells. The expression of Aurora B, Ki67, and pH3 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. The proportion of cells in G1/S/G2 phase was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that agrin significantly increased the expression of ki67, pH3, and Aurora B in epicardial cells. Flow cytometry results showed that agrin significantly increased the proportion of epicardial cells in S phase. However, blocking yes-associated protein significantly downregulated the levels of ki67, pH3, and Aurora B and the proportion of epicardial cells in S phase. Thus, our results suggest that agrin may promote the proliferation of epicardial cells by regulating the yes-associated protein activity. This may be useful in exploring heart development mechanisms and preventing congenital heart disease.
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16
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Souza ATP, Lopes HB, Oliveira FS, Weffort D, Freitas GP, Adolpho LF, Fernandes RR, Rosa AL, Beloti MM. The extracellular matrix protein Agrin is expressed by osteoblasts and contributes to their differentiation. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:335-347. [PMID: 34223979 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix protein Agrin has been detected in chondrocytes and endosteal osteoblasts but its function in osteoblast differentiation has not been investigated yet. Thus, it is possible that Agrin contributes to osteoblast differentiation and, due to Agrin and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) sharing the same receptor, transmembrane low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), and the crosstalk between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, both pathways could be involved in this Agrin-mediated osteoblast differentiation. Confirming this, Agrin and its receptors Lrp4 and α-dystroglycan (Dag1) were expressed during differentiation of osteoblasts from three different sources. Moreover, the disruption of Agrin impaired the expression of its receptors and osteoblast differentiation, and the treatment with recombinant Agrin slightly increase this process. In addition, whilst Agrin knockdown downregulated the expression of genes related to Wnt and BMP signalling pathways, the addition of Agrin had no effect on these genes. Altogether, these data uncover the contribution of Agrin to osteoblast differentiation and suggest that, at least in part, an Agrin-Wnt-BMP circuit is involved in this process. This makes Agrin a candidate as target for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat bone-related diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Singaretti Oliveira
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Weffort
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Faustino Adolpho
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Bone Research Lab, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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DePew AT, Mosca TJ. Conservation and Innovation: Versatile Roles for LRP4 in Nervous System Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33799485 PMCID: PMC8006230 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the nervous system develops, connections between neurons must form to enable efficient communication. This complex process of synaptic development requires the coordination of a series of intricate mechanisms between partner neurons to ensure pre- and postsynaptic differentiation. Many of these mechanisms employ transsynaptic signaling via essential secreted factors and cell surface receptors to promote each step of synaptic development. One such cell surface receptor, LRP4, has emerged as a synaptic organizer, playing a critical role in conveying extracellular signals to initiate diverse intracellular events during development. To date, LRP4 is largely known for its role in development of the mammalian neuromuscular junction, where it functions as a receptor for the synaptogenic signal Agrin to regulate synapse development. Recently however, LRP4 has emerged as a synapse organizer in the brain, where new functions for the protein continue to arise, adding further complexity to its already versatile roles. Additional findings indicate that LRP4 plays a role in disorders of the nervous system, including myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating the need for further study to understand disease etiology. This review will highlight our current knowledge of how LRP4 functions in the nervous system, focusing on the diverse developmental roles and different modes this essential cell surface protein uses to ensure the formation of robust synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J. Mosca
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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18
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Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway is a rich and complex network of cellular proteins that orchestrates diverse short-range cell-to-cell communication in metazoans and is essential for both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Due to its fundamental importance in controlling cell behaviour at multiple levels, its deregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases in humans and identification of drugs targeting the pathway has attracted strong interest in the pharmaceutical sector. Transduction of WNT signals across the plasma membrane of cells involves a staggering degree of complexity and variety with respect to ligand-receptor, receptor-receptor and receptor-co-receptor interactions (Niehrs, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:767-779, 2012). Although the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related-protein (LRP) family is best known for its role in binding and endocytosis of lipoproteins, specific members appear to have additional roles in cellular communication. Indeed, for WNT/β-catenin signalling one apparently universal requirement is the presence of either LRP5 or LRP6 in combination with one of the ten Frizzled (FZD) WNT receptors (FZD1-10). In the 20 years since their discovery as WNT/FZD co-receptors, research on the LRP family has contributed greatly to our understanding of WNT signalling and LRPs have emerged as central players in WNT/β-catenin signalling. LRP5/6 are highly similar and represent the least redundant class of WNT receptor that transduce WNT/β-catenin signalling from a wide range of different WNT and FZD subtypes. This apparent simplicity however belies the complex arrangement of binding sites in the extracellular domain (ECD) of LRP5/6, which regulate interaction not only with WNTs but also with several inhibitors of WNT signalling. This chapter provides a historical overview, chronologically charting this remarkable progress in the field during the last 20 years of research on LRPs and their role in WNT/-catenin signalling. A more focused overview of the structural, functional and mechanistic aspects of LRP biology is also provided, together with the implications this has for pharmacological targeting of this notoriously intractable pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Davidson
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBSC-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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19
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A Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 4 (LRP4) in Astrocytic Aβ Clearance. J Neurosci 2020; 40:5347-5361. [PMID: 32457076 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0250-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition occurs years before cognitive symptoms appear and is considered a cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The imbalance of Aβ production and clearance leads to Aβ accumulation and Aβ deposition. Increasing evidence indicates an important role of astrocytes, the most abundant cell type among glial cells in the brain, in Aβ clearance. We explored the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), a member of the LDLR family, in AD pathology. We show that Lrp4 is specifically expressed in astrocytes and its levels in astrocytes were higher than those of Ldlr and Lrp1, both of which have been implicated in Aβ uptake. LRP4 was reduced in postmortem brain tissues of AD patients. Genetic deletion of the Lrp4 gene augmented Aβ plaques in 5xFAD male mice, an AD mouse model, and exacerbated the deficits in neurotransmission, synchrony between the hippocampus and PFC, and cognition. Mechanistically, LRP4 promotes Aβ uptake by astrocytes likely by interacting with ApoE. Together, our study demonstrates that astrocytic LRP4 plays an important role in Aβ pathology and cognitive function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study investigates how astrocytes, a type of non-nerve cells in the brain, may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. We demonstrate that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) is reduced in the brain of AD patients. Mimicking the reduced levels in an AD mouse model exacerbates cognitive impairment and increases amyloid aggregates that are known to damage the brain. We show that LRP4 could promote the clearance of amyloid protein by astrocytes. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of LRP4 in AD development.
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20
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Bukowska-Olech E, Sowińska-Seidler A, Szczałuba K, Jamsheer A. A novel biallelic splice-site variant in the LRP4 gene causes sclerosteosis 2. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:652-659. [PMID: 32286743 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The LRP4 gene encodes the highly conserved low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), which acts as a co-receptor for sclerostin. Sclerostin and LRP4 negatively regulate WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and lack of their inhibitory activity leads to constant osteoblastic differentiation. Consequently, increased bone formation occurs, which in the case of LRP4 mutations results in sclerosteosis type 2 (SOST2). Alterations within the LRP4 may also cause Cenani-Lenz syndactyly syndrome (CLSS), congenital myasthenia or isolated syndactyly. Here, we have reported a patient, in whom we found a novel homozygous splice-site variant c.1048+6T>C in LRP4 using whole exome sequencing. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with isolated CLSS-like or Malik-Percin-like syndactyly. However, we have finally refined the diagnosis after comprehensive radiological examination and molecularly confirmed SOST2. Additionally, we have pointed here to the splicing variants as important causative alterations that may be overlooked in the molecular analysis due to the lack of advanced, reliable algorithms, built-into the standard diagnostic pipelines. Using advanced in silico prediction tools of splice-site alterations, including Alamut Visual software, we have demonstrated that the c.1048+6T>C LRP4 variant affects the native donor site and impairs an SC35 enhancer activity. Based on our experience, we recommend comprehensive radiological imaging, including X-ray of the skull in each case of isolated syndactyly resulting from pathogenic variants of LRP4. We suggest that all previously reported patients carrying biallelic LRP4 mutations, who were diagnosed with isolated syndactyly, could actually present with SOST2 that had been unrecognized due to the incomplete clinical and radiological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Guarino SR, Canciani A, Forneris F. Dissecting the Extracellular Complexity of Neuromuscular Junction Organizers. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 6:156. [PMID: 31998752 PMCID: PMC6966886 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse formation is a very elaborate process dependent upon accurate coordination of pre and post-synaptic specialization, requiring multiple steps and a variety of receptors and signaling molecules. Due to its relative structural simplicity and the ease in manipulation and observation, the neuromuscular synapse or neuromuscular junction (NMJ)-the connection between motor neurons and skeletal muscle-represents the archetype junction system for studying synapse formation and conservation. This junction is essential for survival, as it controls our ability to move and breath. NMJ formation requires coordinated interactions between motor neurons and muscle fibers, which ultimately result in the formation of a highly specialized post-synaptic architecture and a highly differentiated nerve terminal. Furthermore, to ensure a fast and reliable synaptic transmission following neurotransmitter release, ligand-gated channels (acetylcholine receptors, AChRs) are clustered on the post-synaptic muscle cell at high concentrations in sites opposite the presynaptic active zone, supporting a direct role for nerves in the organization of the post-synaptic membrane architecture. This organized clustering process, essential for NMJ formation and for life, relies on key signaling molecules and receptors and is regulated by soluble extracellular molecules localized within the synaptic cleft. Notably, several mutations as well as auto-antibodies against components of these signaling complexes have been related to neuromuscular disorders. The recent years have witnessed strong progress in the understanding of molecular identities, architectures, and functions of NMJ macromolecules. Among these, prominent roles have been proposed for neural variants of the proteoglycan agrin, its receptor at NMJs composed of the lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) and the muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), as well as the regulatory soluble synapse-specific protease Neurotrypsin. In this review we summarize the current state of the art regarding molecular structures and (agrin-dependent) canonical, as well as (agrin-independent) non-canonical, MuSK signaling mechanisms that underscore the formation of neuromuscular junctions, with the aim of providing a broad perspective to further stimulate molecular, cellular and tissue biology investigations on this fundamental intercellular contact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Huybrechts Y, Mortier G, Boudin E, Van Hul W. WNT Signaling and Bone: Lessons From Skeletal Dysplasias and Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32328030 PMCID: PMC7160326 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are a diverse group of heritable diseases affecting bone and cartilage growth. Throughout the years, the molecular defect underlying many of the diseases has been identified. These identifications led to novel insights in the mechanisms regulating bone and cartilage growth and homeostasis. One of the pathways that is clearly important during skeletal development and bone homeostasis is the Wingless and int-1 (WNT) signaling pathway. So far, three different WNT signaling pathways have been described, which are all activated by binding of the WNT ligands to the Frizzled (FZD) receptors. In this review, we discuss the skeletal disorders that are included in the latest nosology of skeletal disorders and that are caused by genetic defects involving the WNT signaling pathway. The number of skeletal disorders caused by defects in WNT signaling genes and the clinical phenotype associated with these disorders illustrate the importance of the WNT signaling pathway during skeletal development as well as later on in life to maintain bone mass. The knowledge gained through the identification of the genes underlying these monogenic conditions is used for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. For example, the genes underlying disorders with altered bone mass are all involved in the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Consequently, targeting this pathway is one of the major strategies to increase bone mass in patients with osteoporosis. In addition to increasing the insights in the pathways regulating skeletal development and bone homeostasis, knowledge of rare skeletal dysplasias can also be used to predict possible adverse effects of these novel drug targets. Therefore, this review gives an overview of the skeletal and extra-skeletal phenotype of the different skeletal disorders linked to the WNT signaling pathway.
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23
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The Regulation of Bone Metabolism and Disorders by Wnt Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225525. [PMID: 31698687 PMCID: PMC6888566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, a secreted glycoprotein, has an approximate molecular weight of 40 kDa, and it is a cytokine involved in various biological phenomena including ontogeny, morphogenesis, carcinogenesis, and maintenance of stem cells. The Wnt signaling pathway can be classified into two main pathways: canonical and non-canonical. Of these, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis. Sclerostin produced by osteocytes is an inhibitor of this pathway, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. Recently, osteoporosis treatment using an anti-sclerostin therapy has been introduced. In this review, the basics of Wnt signaling, its role in bone metabolism and its involvement in skeletal disorders have been covered. Furthermore, the clinical significance and future scopes of Wnt signaling in osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia are discussed.
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24
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Lrp4 Mediates Bone Homeostasis and Mechanotransduction through Interaction with Sclerostin In Vivo. iScience 2019; 20:205-215. [PMID: 31585407 PMCID: PMC6817631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a key role in regulating bone remodeling. In vitro studies suggest that sclerostin's inhibitory action on Lrp5 is facilitated by the membrane-associated receptor Lrp4. We generated an Lrp4 R1170W knockin mouse model (Lrp4KI), based on a published mutation in patients with high bone mass (HBM). Lrp4KI mice have an HBM phenotype (assessed radiographically), including increased bone strength and formation. Overexpression of a Sost transgene had osteopenic effects in Lrp4-WT but not Lrp4KI mice. Conversely, sclerostin inhibition had blunted osteoanabolic effects in Lrp4KI mice. In a disuse-induced bone wasting model, Lrp4KI mice exhibit significantly less bone loss than wild-type (WT) mice. In summary, mice harboring the Lrp4-R1170W missense mutation recapitulate the human HBM phenotype, are less sensitive to altered sclerostin levels, and are protected from disuse-induced bone loss. Lrp4 is an attractive target for pharmacological targeting aimed at increasing bone mass and preventing bone loss due to disuse. Missense mutation in the third beta-propeller of Lrp4 improve bone properties The R1170W mutation in Lrp4 interferes with sclerostin inhibition in vivo The R1170W Lrp4 mutation alters the bone wasting effects of mechanical disuse
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25
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Zhang H, Sathyamurthy A, Liu F, Li L, Zhang L, Dong Z, Cui W, Sun X, Zhao K, Wang H, Ho HYH, Xiong WC, Mei L. Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e45303. [PMID: 31268420 PMCID: PMC6650252 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus may represent a form of plasticity in brain functions including mood, learning and memory. However, mechanisms underlying neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) proliferation are not well understood. We found that Agrin, a factor critical for neuromuscular junction formation, is elevated in the hippocampus of mice that are stimulated by enriched environment (EE). Genetic deletion of the Agrn gene in excitatory neurons decreases NSPCs proliferation and increases depressive-like behavior. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), a receptor for Agrin, is expressed in hippocampal NSPCs and its mutation blocked basal as well as EE-induced NSPCs proliferation and maturation of newborn neurons. Finally, we show that Lrp4 interacts with and activates receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2); and Ror2 mutation impairs NSPCs proliferation. Together, these observations identify a role of Agrin-Lrp4-Ror2 signaling for adult neurogenesis, uncovering previously unexpected functions of Agrin and Lrp4 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Zhaoqi Dong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Wanpeng Cui
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of NeurobiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterClevelandUnited States
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26
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Xiao Y, Zhang J, Shu X, Bai L, Xu W, Wang A, Chen A, Tu WY, Wang J, Zhang K, Luo B, Shen C. Loss of mitochondrial protein CHCHD10 in skeletal muscle causes neuromuscular junction impairment. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 29:1784-1796. [PMID: 31261376 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscles to control motor behavior. Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are restricted at the synaptic region for proper neurotransmission. Mutations in the mitochondrial CHCHD10 protein have been identified in multiple neuromuscular disorders; however, the physiological roles of CHCHD10 at NMJs remain elusive. Here, we report that CHCHD10 is highly expressed at the postsynapse of NMJs in skeletal muscles. Muscle conditional knockout CHCHD10 mice showed motor defects, abnormal neuromuscular transmission and NMJ structure. Mechanistically, we found that mitochondrial CHCHD10 is required for ATP production, which facilitates AChR expression and promotes agrin-induced AChR clustering. Importantly, ATP could effectively rescue the reduction of AChR clusters in the CHCHD10-ablated muscles. Our study elucidates a novel physiological role of CHCHD10 at the peripheral synapse. It suggests that mitochondria dysfunction contributes to neuromuscular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
- Department of Neurobiology, Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310058
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Xiaoqiu Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Lei Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Wentao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Ailian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Aizhong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Wen-Yo Tu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Jianwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Kejing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
- Department of Neurobiology, Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310058
| | - Benyan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
| | - Chengyong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310003
- Department of Neurobiology, Key laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China 310058
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27
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Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Clinical advantages and disadvantages of anabolic bone therapies targeting the WNT pathway. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:605-623. [PMID: 30181608 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT signalling pathway is a key regulator of bone metabolism, particularly bone formation, which has helped to define the role of osteocytes - the most abundant bone cells - as orchestrators of bone remodelling. Several molecules involved in the control of the WNT signalling pathway have been identified as potential targets for the development of bone-building therapeutics for patients with osteoporosis. Several of these molecules have been investigated in animal models, but only inhibitors of sclerostin (which is produced by osteocytes) have been investigated in phase III clinical studies. Here, we review the rationale for these developments and the specificity and potential off-target actions of WNT-based therapeutics. We also describe the available preclinical and clinical studies and discuss the benefits and risks of using sclerostin inhibitors for the management of patients with osteoporosis.
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28
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Shen C, Li L, Zhao K, Bai L, Wang A, Shu X, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Zhang K, Hui T, Chen W, Zhang B, Hsu W, Xiong WC, Mei L. Motoneuron Wnts regulate neuromuscular junction development. eLife 2018; 7:e34625. [PMID: 30113308 PMCID: PMC6128691 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscles to control motor behavior. Unlike extensively investigated postsynaptic differentiation, less is known about mechanisms of presynaptic assembly. Genetic evidence of Wnt in mammalian NMJ development was missing due to the existence of multiple Wnts and their receptors. We show when Wnt secretion is abolished from motoneurons by mutating the Wnt ligand secretion mediator (Wls) gene, mutant mice showed muscle weakness and neurotransmission impairment. NMJs were unstable with reduced synaptic junctional folds and fragmented AChR clusters. Nerve terminals were swollen; synaptic vesicles were fewer and mislocated. The presynaptic deficits occurred earlier than postsynaptic deficits. Intriguingly, these phenotypes were not observed when deleting Wls in muscles or Schwann cells. We identified Wnt7A and Wnt7B as major Wnts for nerve terminal development in rescue experiments. These observations demonstrate a necessary role of motoneuron Wnts in NMJ development, in particular presynaptic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OhioUnited States
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugusta, GeorgiaUnited States
| | - Lei Bai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Ailian Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaoqiu Shu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Yatao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Kejing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Tiankun Hui
- Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchang, JiangxiChina
| | - Wenbing Chen
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OhioUnited States
- Institute of Life ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchang, JiangxiChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic MedicineInstitute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, HubeiChina
| | - Wei Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, James Wilmot Cancer CenterUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, New YorkUnited States
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OhioUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCleveland, OhioUnited States
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OhioUnited States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCleveland, OhioUnited States
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29
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Regulation of mammalian neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance by Wnt signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Halevy RS, Chien HC, Heinz B, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Kircher M, Ahituv N. Mutations in the fourth β-propeller domain of LRP4 are associated with isolated syndactyly with fusion of the third and fourth fingers. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:811-815. [PMID: 29524275 PMCID: PMC5992059 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isolated hand syndactyly is a common limb malformation with limited known genetic etiology. We used exome sequencing to discover two novel variants, chr11 g.46896373C>G; p.D1403H and chr11 g.46893078G>T; p.Q1564K, in LRP4 in a child with isolated bilateral syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers. Each variant was inherited from a different parent and neither parent was affected. Variants in LRP4 have been previously associated with syndactyly in Cenani-Lenz syndactyly syndrome and Sclerosteosis 2, but have not been reported in individuals with isolated syndactyly. LRP4 inhibits LRP6/LRP5-mediated activation of canonical Wnt signaling and mediates sclerostin-dependent inhibition of bone formation. p.D1403H and p.Q1564K are located within the fourth β-propeller of the extracellular protein domain that has yet to be associated with human disease. Functional analyses of p.D1403H and p.Q1564K show that they significantly decrease LRP4's inhibition of Wnt signaling. These results suggest that variants in the fourth β-propeller of the extracellular protein domain may cause a phenotype distinct from previously characterized LRP4 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka Sukenik Halevy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Bo Heinz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Kircher
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Wang J, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Luo B, Shen C. Introducing Autoimmunity at the Synapse by a Novel Animal Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis. Neuroscience 2018; 374:264-270. [PMID: 29421431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a peripheral synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers that controls muscle contraction. The NMJ is the target of various disorders including myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) attack the synapse, and thus cause muscle weakness in patients. There are multiple auto-Abs in the MG patient sera, but not all the Abs are proven to be pathogenic, which increases the difficulties in clinical diagnoses and treatments. To establish the causative roles of auto-Abs in MG pathogenesis, the experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) induced by the active immunization of auto-antigens (auto-Ags) or the passive transfer of auto-Abs is required. These models simulate many features of the human disease. To date, there are three kinds of EAMG models reported, of which AChR-EAMG and MuSK-EAMG are well characterized, while the recent LRP4-EAMG is much less studied. Here, we report a current summary of LRP4-EAMG and its pathogenic mechanisms. The features of LRP4-EAMG are more similar to those of AChR-EAMG, indicating a similar clinical treatment for LRP4- and AChR-positive MG patients, compared to MuSK-positive MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yatao Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kejing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Benyan Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengyong Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
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33
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Yang T, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1211-1228. [PMID: 28615463 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) provided a foundation for subsequent studies in lipoprotein metabolism, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and many other fundamental biological functions. The importance of the LDLR led to numerous studies that identified homologous molecules and ultimately resulted in the description of the LDL-receptor superfamily, a group of proteins that contain domains also found in the LDLR. Subsequent studies have revealed that members of the LDLR-related protein family play roles in regulating many aspects of signal transduction. This review is focused on the roles of selected members of this protein family in skeletal development and disease. We present background on the identification of this subgroup of receptors, discuss the phenotypes associated with alterations in their function in human patients and mouse models, and describe the current efforts to therapeutically target these proteins to treat human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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Boudin E, Yorgan T, Fijalkowski I, Sonntag S, Steenackers E, Hendrickx G, Peeters S, De Maré A, Vervaet B, Verhulst A, Mortier G, D'Haese P, Schinke T, Van Hul W. The Lrp4R1170Q Homozygous Knock-In Mouse Recapitulates the Bone Phenotype of Sclerosteosis in Humans. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1739-1749. [PMID: 28477420 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosteosis is a rare autosomal recessive bone disorder marked by hyperostosis of the skull and tubular bones. Initially, we and others reported that sclerosteosis was caused by loss-of-function mutations in SOST, encoding sclerostin. More recently, we identified disease-causing mutations in LRP4, a binding partner of sclerostin, in three sclerosteosis patients. Upon binding to sclerostin, LRP4 can inhibit the canonical WNT signaling that is known to be an important pathway in the regulation of bone formation. To further investigate the role of LRP4 in the bone formation process, we generated an Lrp4 mutated sclerosteosis mouse model by introducing the p.Arg1170Gln mutation in the mouse genome. Extensive analysis of the bone phenotype of the Lrp4R1170Q/R1170Q knock-in (KI) mouse showed the presence of increased trabecular and cortical bone mass as a consequence of increased bone formation by the osteoblasts. In addition, three-point bending analysis also showed that the increased bone mass results in increased bone strength. In contrast to the human sclerosteosis phenotype, we could not observe syndactyly in the forelimbs or hindlimbs of the Lrp4 KI animals. Finally, we could not detect any significant changes in the bone formation and resorption markers in the serum of the mutant mice. However, the serum sclerostin levels were strongly increased and the level of sclerostin in the tibia was decreased in Lrp4R1170Q/R1170Q mice, confirming the role of LRP4 as an anchor for sclerostin in bone. In conclusion, the Lrp4R1170Q/R1170Q mouse is a good model for the human sclerosteosis phenotype caused by mutations in LRP4 and can be used in the future for further investigation of the mechanism whereby LRP4 regulates bone formation. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Boudin
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Timur Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Fijalkowski
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Ellen Steenackers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Silke Peeters
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Maré
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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35
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Ahn Y, Sims C, Murray MJ, Kuhlmann PK, Fuentes-Antrás J, Weatherbee SD, Krumlauf R. Multiple modes of Lrp4 function in modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during tooth development. Development 2017; 144:2824-2836. [PMID: 28694256 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During development and homeostasis, precise control of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is in part achieved by secreted and membrane proteins that negatively control activity of the Wnt co-receptors Lrp5 and Lrp6. Lrp4 is related to Lrp5/6 and is implicated in modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, presumably through its ability to bind to the Wise (Sostdc1)/sclerostin (Sost) family of Wnt antagonists. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of Lrp4 function in modulating Wnt signaling, we performed an array of genetic analyses in murine tooth development, where Lrp4 and Wise play important roles. We provide genetic evidence that Lrp4 mediates the Wnt inhibitory function of Wise and also modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling independently of Wise. Chimeric receptor analyses raise the possibility that the Lrp4 extracellular domain interacts with Wnt ligands, as well as the Wnt antagonists. Diverse modes of Lrp4 function are supported by severe tooth phenotypes of mice carrying a human mutation known to abolish Lrp4 binding to Sost. Our data suggest a model whereby Lrp4 modulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via interaction with Wnt ligands and antagonists in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwook Ahn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Carrie Sims
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Megan J Murray
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Paige K Kuhlmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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36
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Ludwig RJ, Vanhoorelbeke K, Leypoldt F, Kaya Z, Bieber K, McLachlan SM, Komorowski L, Luo J, Cabral-Marques O, Hammers CM, Lindstrom JM, Lamprecht P, Fischer A, Riemekasten G, Tersteeg C, Sondermann P, Rapoport B, Wandinger KP, Probst C, El Beidaq A, Schmidt E, Verkman A, Manz RA, Nimmerjahn F. Mechanisms of Autoantibody-Induced Pathology. Front Immunol 2017; 8:603. [PMID: 28620373 PMCID: PMC5449453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are frequently observed in healthy individuals. In a minority of these individuals, they lead to manifestation of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis or Graves' disease. Overall, more than 2.5% of the population is affected by autoantibody-driven autoimmune disease. Pathways leading to autoantibody-induced pathology greatly differ among different diseases, and autoantibodies directed against the same antigen, depending on the targeted epitope, can have diverse effects. To foster knowledge in autoantibody-induced pathology and to encourage development of urgently needed novel therapeutic strategies, we here categorized autoantibodies according to their effects. According to our algorithm, autoantibodies can be classified into the following categories: (1) mimic receptor stimulation, (2) blocking of neural transmission, (3) induction of altered signaling, triggering uncontrolled (4) microthrombosis, (5) cell lysis, (6) neutrophil activation, and (7) induction of inflammation. These mechanisms in relation to disease, as well as principles of autoantibody generation and detection, are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Neuroimmunology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ziya Kaya
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Jon M. Lindstrom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Tersteeg
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, IRF Life Sciences, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Basil Rapoport
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical-Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Affiliated to Euroimmun AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Asmaa El Beidaq
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alan Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Merello E, Tattini L, Magi A, Accogli A, Piatelli G, Pavanello M, Tortora D, Cama A, Kibar Z, Capra V, De Marco P. Exome sequencing of two Italian pedigrees with non-isolated Chiari malformation type I reveals candidate genes for cranio-facial development. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:952-959. [PMID: 28513615 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a congenital abnormality of the cranio-cerebral junction with an estimated incidence of 1 in 1280. CMI is characterized by underdevelopment of the occipital bone and posterior fossa (PF) and consequent cerebellar tonsil herniation. The presence for a genetic basis to CMI is supported by many lines of evidence. The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to CM1 are poorly understood. The occipital bone formation is dependent on complex interactions between genes and molecules with pathologies resulting from disruption of this delicate process. Whole-exome sequencing of affected and not affected individuals from two Italian families with non-isolated CMI was undertaken. Single-nucleotide and short insertion-deletion variants were prioritized using KGGSeq knowledge-based platform. We identified three heterozygous missense variants: DKK1 c.121G>A (p.(A41T)) in the first family, and the LRP4 c.2552C>G (p.(T851R)) and BMP1 c.941G>A (p.(R314H)) in the second family. The variants were located at highly conserved residues, segregated with the disease, but they were not observed in 100 unaffected in-house controls. DKK1 encodes for a potent soluble WNT inhibitor that binds to LRP5 and LRP6, and is itself regulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). DKK1 is required for embryonic head development and patterning. LRP4 is a novel osteoblast expressed receptor for DKK1 and a WNT and BMP 4 pathways integrator. Screening of DKK1 in a cohort of 65 CMI sporadic patients identified another missense variant, the c.359G>T (p.(R120L)), in two unrelated patients. These findings implicated the WNT signaling in the correct development of the cranial mesenchyme originating the PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merello
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Lorenzo Tattini
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italia.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Alberto Magi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Domenico Tortora
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Armando Cama
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, CHU Sainte Justine Research, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valeria Capra
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Dipartimento Testa-Collo e Neuroscienze, UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italia
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Xiong WC, Mei L. Agrin to YAP in Cancer and Neuromuscular Junctions. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:247-248. [PMID: 28718435 PMCID: PMC5518631 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Agrin is utilized by motor neurons to stimulate the LRP4-MuSK receptor in muscles for neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation. Recent studies of cancer have identified novel functions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4-muscle-specific kinase (LRP4-MuSK) pathway. Agrin may act as a mechanotransduction signal in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to coordinate the cross-talk between the LRP4-MuSK pathway and integrin-focal adhesion pathway. Ensuing Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we discuss the implications of the converged pathways in NMJ formation and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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39
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van Lierop AH, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Papapoulos SE. Sclerostin deficiency in humans. Bone 2017; 96:51-62. [PMID: 27742500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease are two rare bone sclerosing dysplasias caused by genetic defects in the synthesis of sclerostin. In this article we review the demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological, and histological characteristics of patients with sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease that led to a better understanding of the role of sclerostin in bone metabolism in humans and we discuss the relevance of these findings for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoon H van Lierop
- Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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40
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Xiong L, Jung JU, Guo HH, Pan JX, Sun XD, Mei L, Xiong WC. Osteoblastic Lrp4 promotes osteoclastogenesis by regulating ATP release and adenosine-A 2AR signaling. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:761-778. [PMID: 28193701 PMCID: PMC5350517 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lrp4 is mutated in patients with high-bone-mass diseases. Loss of Lrp4 in osteoblasts (OBs) increases bone formation by OBs and decreases bone resorption by osteoclasts through an unclear mechanism. Xiong et al. show that overproduction of extracellular adenosine in Lrp4-deficient OBs, which are derived from ATP hydrolysis and signals through A2AR and RANK, may underlie Lrp4 regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Bone homeostasis depends on the functional balance of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). Lrp4 is a transmembrane protein that is mutated in patients with high bone mass. Loss of Lrp4 in OB-lineage cells increases bone mass by elevating bone formation by OBs and reducing bone resorption by OCs. However, it is unclear how Lrp4 deficiency in OBs impairs osteoclastogenesis. Here, we provide evidence that loss of Lrp4 in the OB lineage stabilizes the prorenin receptor (PRR) and increases PRR/V-ATPase–driven ATP release, thereby enhancing the production of the ATP derivative adenosine. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of adenosine-2A receptor (A2AR) in culture and Lrp4 mutant mice diminishes the osteoclastogenic deficit and reduces trabecular bone mass. Furthermore, elevated adenosine-A2AR signaling reduces receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK)–mediated osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, these results identify a mechanism by which osteoblastic Lrp4 controls osteoclastogenesis, reveal a cross talk between A2AR and RANK signaling in osteoclastogenesis, and uncover an unrecognized pathophysiological mechanism of high-bone-mass disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Ji-Ung Jung
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 .,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 .,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912
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Sun XD, Li L, Liu F, Huang ZH, Bean JC, Jiao HF, Barik A, Kim SM, Wu H, Shen C, Tian Y, Lin TW, Bates R, Sathyamurthy A, Chen YJ, Yin DM, Xiong L, Lin HP, Hu JX, Li BM, Gao TM, Xiong WC, Mei L. Lrp4 in astrocytes modulates glutamatergic transmission. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1010-8. [PMID: 27294513 PMCID: PMC4961622 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmission requires precise control of neurotransmitter release from axon terminals. This process is regulated by glial cells; however, underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report that glutamate release in the brain is impaired in mice lacking low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), a protein critical for neuromuscular junction formation. Electrophysiological studies indicate compromised release probability in astrocyte-specific Lrp4 knockout mice. Lrp4 mutant astrocytes suppress glutamate transmission by enhancing the release of ATP, whose levels are elevated in the hippocampus of Lrp4 mutant mice. Consequently, the mutant mice are impaired in locomotor activity and spatial memory and are resistant to seizure induction. These impairments could be ameliorated by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. The results reveal a critical role of Lrp4, in response to agrin, in modulating astrocytic ATP release and synaptic transmission. Our study provides insight into the interaction between neurons and astrocytes for synaptic homeostasis and/or plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Hui-Feng Jiao
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Arnab Barik
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Seon-Myung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Haitao Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Chengyong Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Thiri W Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Ryan Bates
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Anupama Sathyamurthy
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Bao-Ming Li
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood Virginia Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia, USA.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Charlie Norwood Virginia Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Gui Y, Duan Z, Qiu X, Tang W, Gober HJ, Li D, Wang L. Multifarious effects of 17-β-estradiol on apolipoprotein E receptors gene expression during osteoblast differentiation in vitro . Biosci Trends 2016; 10:54-66. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gui
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Zhongliang Duan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Xuemin Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
| | - Wei Tang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gober
- Department of Pharmacy, Wagner Jauregg Hospital and Children's Hospital
| | - Dajin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital & Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IBS, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases
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