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Ma Z, Bitter JH, Boom RM, Nikiforidis CV. Encapsulation of cannabidiol in hemp seed oleosomes. Food Res Int 2024; 195:114948. [PMID: 39277226 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Oleosomes are natural lipid droplets that can be extracted intact from oil seeds, forming oil/water emulsions. Their lipid cores, surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and proteins, make oleosomes suitable as carriers of hydrophobic bioactive compounds like cannabidiol (CBD). As CBD is crystalline at room temperature, it first has to be liquified to allow better encapsulation. This was done by heating (80 °C for 4 h) or by pre-solubilizing CBD in ethanol and then the liquified CBD was mixed with oleosome dispersions for the encapsulation. Both methods exhibit good encapsulation efficiency, but the results were significantly influenced by the ratio of CBD to lipid contents, regardless of the encapsulation method applied. At higher concentrations of CBD relative to that of the lipid in the oleosomes, the encapsulation efficiency decreased as saturation was attained. Moreover, the in vitro digestion analysis was conducted to investigate the potential of oleosomes as carriers to transport CBD. The relatively slow and steady release of CBD from oleosomes indicates that oleosomes are a slow-release carrier for hydrophobic functional ingredients. An important finding is that the encapsulation and in vitro digestive properties of the oleosomes remain unaffected by the presence of CBD, heating treatment or ethanol, which could bring more opportunities for the applications of oleosomes as carriers in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Ma
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands; Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Remko M Boom
- Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Constantinos V Nikiforidis
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6708 WG Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Matsumoto A, Uesono Y. Establishment of the Meyer-Overton correlation in an artificial membrane without protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024:130717. [PMID: 39343251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potency of anesthetics with various structures increases exponentially with lipophilicity, which is the Meyer-Overton (MO) correlation discovered over 120 years ago. The MO correlation was also observed with various biological effects and chemicals, including alcohols; thus, the correlation represents a fundamental relationship between chemicals and organisms. The MO correlation was explained by the lipid and protein theories, although the principle remains unknown because these are still debating. METHODS The gentle hydration method was used to form giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) consisting of high- and low-melting phospholipids and cholesterol in the presence of n-alcohols (C2-C12). Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the percentage of GUVs with domains in relation to the n-alcohol concentrations. RESULTS n-Alcohols inhibited the domain formation of GUVs, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the aqueous phase (Cw) decreased exponentially with increasing chain length (lipophilicity). In contrast, the membrane concentrations (Cm) of alcohols for the inhibition, which is a product of the membrane-water partition coefficient and the IC50 values, remained constant irrespective of the chain length. CONCLUSIONS The MO correlation is established in GUVs, which supports the lipid theory. When alcohols reach the same critical concentration in the membrane, similar biological effects appear irrespective of the chain length, which is the principle underlying the MO correlation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The protein theory states that a highly lipophilic compound targets minor membrane proteins due to the low Cw. However, our lipid theory states that the compound targets various membrane proteins due to the high Cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yukifumi Uesono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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3
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Shrestha D, Bahasoan Y, Eggeling C. Cellular Output and Physicochemical Properties of the Membrane-Derived Vesicles Depend on Chemical Stimulants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48982-48992. [PMID: 39250321 PMCID: PMC11420866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic liposomes are widely used as drug delivery vehicles in biomedical treatments, such as for mRNA-based antiviral vaccines like those recently developed against SARS-CoV-2. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are naturally produced by cells, have emerged as a next-generation delivery system. However, key questions regarding their origin within cells remain unresolved. In this regard, plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs), which are essentially produced from the cellular plasma membrane (PM), present a promising alternative. Unfortunately, their properties relevant to biomedical applications have not be extensively studied. Therefore, we conducted a thorough investigation of the methods used in the production of PMVs. By leveraging advanced fluorescence techniques in microscopy and flow cytometry, we demonstrated a strong dependence of the physicochemical attributes of PMVs on the chemicals used during their production. Following established protocols employing chemicals such as paraformaldehyde (PFA), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or dl-dithiothreitol (DTT) and by developing a modified NEM-based method that involved a hypotonic shock step, we generated PMVs from THP-1 CD1d cells. We systematically compared key parameters such as vesicle output, their size distribution, vesicular content analysis, vesicular membrane lipid organization and the mobility of a transmembrane protein. Our results revealed distinct trends: PMVs isolated using NEM-based protocols closely resembled natural vesicles, whereas PFA induced significant molecular cross-linking, leading to notable changes in the biophysical properties of the vesicles. Furthermore, our novel NEM protocol enhanced the efficiency of PMV production. In conclusion, our study highlights the unique characteristics of chemically produced PMVs and offers insights into their potentially diverse yet valuable biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Shrestha
- MRC
Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Yusuf Bahasoan
- MRC
Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC
Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, U.K.
- Department
of Biophysical Imaging, Leibniz Institute
of Photonic Technologies e.V., member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics
in Infection Research (LPI), Albert- Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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4
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Niyonshuti II, Jayaraj S, Jiang W, Mudalige T. A Robust Chromatographic Method for Drug Release profiling of liposomal doxorubicin HCl. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2837-2842. [PMID: 38857642 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are excellent drug delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutics as they may change the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds, resulting in altered tissues distribution, and in some cases, reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced distribution and efficacy of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at target tissues. Drug release profiles of liposomal formulations are crucial to support equivalence evaluation and quality control in pre- and post-approval stages. We developed an automated chromatographic method for quantifying the drug release profile of liposomal formulations containing doxorubicin to overcome the shortcomings of currently available methods. The newly developed method employs nanoparticle exclusion chromatography (nPEC), using a monolithic silica column coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone to separate the released drug from liposomal encapsulated drug. We evaluated the effects of pH, temperature, and ammonium formate concentration on the drug release rate. The optimized release buffer consisting of 5 % sucrose, 20 mM l-histidine, and 200 mM ammonium formate was selected for the drug release profiling of five liposomal formulations at 47 °C. The drug release profiles of five liposomal doxorubicin formulations were similar. Our automated method requires very small amounts of the sample and provides release profiles with high sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, this method can be applied to other liposomal products to allow for simple, fast, and accurate analysis of in vitro drug release profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle I Niyonshuti
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Savithra Jayaraj
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Rai R, Kumar D, Dhule AA, Rudani BA, Tiwari S. Alkanols Regulate the Fluidity of Phospholipid Bilayer in Accordance to Their Concentration and Polarity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14057-14065. [PMID: 38935825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In spite of the widespread use of alkanols as penetration enhancers, their effect on vesicular formulations remains largely unexplored. These can affect the stability and integrity of the phospholipid bilayers. In this study, we have investigated the interaction of linear (ethanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol) and branched alkanols (t-amylol and t-butanol) with three phospholipids (soya lecithin, SL; soy L-α-phosphatidylcholine, SPC; and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DPPC). Thermodynamic and structural aspects of these interactions were studied as a function of the alkanol concentration and chain length. Our interpretations are based on isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. We observed one-site interactions wherein hydroxyl and acyl groups interacted with the polar and nonpolar regions of the phospholipid, respectively. The stability and structural integrity of bilayers appeared to be dependent upon (a) the hydrocarbon chain length and concentration of alcohols, and (b) the degree of unsaturation in the phospholipid molecule. We found that these interactions triggered a reduction in the enthalpy which was compensated by increased entropy, keeping free energy negative. Drop in enthalpy indicates reversible disordering of the bilayer which enables the diffusion of alcohol without triggering destabilization. Ethanol engaged predominantly with the interface, and it resulted in higher enthalpic changes. Interactions became increasingly unfavorable with longer alcohols - a cutoff point was recorded with hexanol. The overall sequence of membrane disordering capability was recorded as follows: ethanol < butanol < octanol < hexanol. Octanol's larger size restricted its penetration in the bilayer, and hence it caused less enthalpic changes relative to hexanol. This could also be verified from the trends in the area ratio of these vesicles obtained from the DLS data. Branched alkanols displayed a lower binding affinity with the phospholipids relative to their linear counterparts. These data are useful while contemplating the inclusion of short-chain alcohols as penetration enhancers in phospholipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali A Dhule
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Binny A Rudani
- IBI-4: Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Yalcin EB, Tong M, Delikkaya B, Pelit W, Yang Y, de la Monte SM. Differential effects of moderate chronic ethanol consumption on neurobehavior, white matter glial protein expression, and mTOR pathway signaling with adolescent brain maturation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:492-516. [PMID: 38847790 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2355540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescent brains are highly vulnerable to heavy alcohol exposure. Increased understanding of how alcohol adversely impacts brain maturation may improve treatment outcomes.Objectives: This study characterizes short-term versus long-term effects of ethanol feeding on behavior, frontal lobe glial proteins, and mTOR signaling.Methods: Adolescent rats (8/group) were fed liquid diets containing 26% or 0% ethanol for 2 or 9 weeks, then subjected to novel object recognition (NOR) and open field (OF) tests. Frontal lobes were used for molecular assays.Results: Significant ethanol effects on OF performance occurred in the 2-week model (p < .0001). Further shifts in OF and NOR performance were unrelated to ethanol exposure in the 9-week models (p < .05 to p < .0001). Ethanol inhibited MAG1 (p < .01) and MBP (p < .0001) after 2 but not 9 weeks. However, both control and ethanol 9-week models had significantly reduced MAG1 (p < .001-0.0001), MBP (p < .0001), PDGFRA (p < .05-0.01), and PLP (p < .001-0.0001) relative to the 2-week models. GFAP was the only glial protein significantly inhibited by ethanol in both 2- (p < .01) and 9-week (p < .05) models. Concerning the mTOR pathway, ethanol reduced IRS-1 (p < .05) and globally inhibited mTOR (p < .01 or p < .001) in the 9- but not the 2-week model.Conclusions: Short-term versus long-term ethanol exposures differentially alter neurobehavioral function, glial protein expression, and signaling through IRS-1 and mTOR, which have known roles in myelination during adolescence. These findings suggest that strategies to prevent chronic alcohol-related brain pathology should consider the increased maturation-related vulnerability of adolescent brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Busra Delikkaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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7
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Halford GC, McDarby SP, Hertle S, Kiely AF, Luu JT, Wang CJ, Personick ML. Troubleshooting the influence of trace chemical impurities on nanoparticle growth kinetics via electrochemical measurements. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11038-11051. [PMID: 38691093 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Reproducibility issues resulting from particle growth solutions made with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant from different lots and product lines in a newly developed synthesis of monometallic palladium (Pd) tetrahexahedra (THH) nanoparticles are investigated via a multi-pronged approach. Time-resolved electrochemical measurements of solution potential, variation of chemical parameters in colloidal synthesis, and correlation to electrodeposition syntheses are used together to uncover the effects of the unknown contaminants on the chemical reducing environment during nanoparticle growth. Iodide-a known impurity in commercial CTAB-is identified as one of the required components for equalizing the reducing environment across multiple CTAB sources. However, an additional component-acetone-is critical to establishing the growth kinetics necessary to enable the reproducible synthesis of THH in each of the CTAB formulations. In one CTAB variety, the powdered surfactant contains too much acetone, and drying of the as-received surfactant and re-addition of solvent is necessary for successful Pd THH synthesis. The relevance of solvent impurities to the reducing environment in aqueous nanoparticle synthesis is confirmed via electrochemical measurement approaches and solvent addition experiments. This work highlights the utility of real-time electrochemical potential measurements as a tool for benchmarking of nanoparticle syntheses and troubleshooting of reproducibility issues. The results additionally emphasize the importance of considering organic solvent impurities in powdered commercial reagents as a possible shape-determining factor during shaped nanomaterials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Halford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Sean P McDarby
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Sebastian Hertle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Anne F Kiely
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Jessica T Luu
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Claire J Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
| | - Michelle L Personick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, USA
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8
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Wang K, Liu X, Hu KKY, Haritos VS. Artificial Methylotrophic Cells via Bottom-Up Integration of a Methanol-Utilizing Pathway. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:888-900. [PMID: 38359048 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Methanol has gained substantial attention as a substrate for biomanufacturing due to plentiful stocks and nonreliance on agriculture, and it can be sourced renewably. However, due to inevitable complexities in cell metabolism, microbial methanol conversion requires further improvement before industrial applicability. Here, we present a novel, parallel strategy using artificial cells to provide a simplified and well-defined environment for methanol utilization as artificial methylotrophic cells. We compartmentalized a methanol-utilizing enzyme cascade, including NAD-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh) and pyruvate-dependent aldolase (KHB aldolase), in cell-sized lipid vesicles using the inverted emulsion method. The reduction of cofactor NAD+ to NADH was used to quantify the conversion of methanol within individual artificial methylotrophic cells via flow cytometry. Compartmentalization of the reaction cascade in liposomes led to a 4-fold higher NADH production compared with bulk enzyme experiments, and the incorporation of KHB aldolase facilitated another 2-fold increase above the Mdh-only reaction. This methanol-utilizing platform can serve as an alternative route to speed up methanol biological conversion, eventually shifting sugar-based bioproduction toward a sustainable methanol bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Kevin K Y Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria S Haritos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
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Ren X, Wei Y, Zhao H, Shao J, Zeng F, Wang Z, Li L. A comprehensive review and comparison of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1261832. [PMID: 38116200 PMCID: PMC10729320 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1261832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan and its derivatives are widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries. Microbial fermentation is the most commonly used method to produce L-tryptophan, which calls for an effective cell factory. The mechanism of L-tryptophan biosynthesis in Escherichia coli, the widely used producer of L-tryptophan, is well understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also plays a significant role in the industrial production of biochemicals. Because of its robustness and safety, S. cerevisiae is favored for producing pharmaceuticals and food-grade biochemicals. However, the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan in S. cerevisiae has been rarely summarized. The synthetic pathways and engineering strategies of L-tryptophan in E. coli and S. cerevisiae have been reviewed and compared in this review. Furthermore, the information presented in this review pertains to the existing understanding of how L-tryptophan affects S. cerevisiae's stress fitness, which could aid in developing a novel plan to produce more resilient industrial yeast and E. coli cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Ren
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wei
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Honglu Zhao
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Shao
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, China
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Kayes MR, Saha S, Alanazi MM, Ozeki Y, Pal D, Hadda TB, Legssyer A, Kawsar SM. Macromolecules: Synthesis, antimicrobial, POM analysis and computational approaches of some glucoside derivatives bearing acyl moieties. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101804. [PMID: 37868643 PMCID: PMC10585311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecules i.e., carbohydrate derivatives are crucial to biochemical and medical research. Herein, we designed and synthesized eight methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (MGP) derivatives (2-8) in good yields following the regioselective direct acylation method. The structural configurations of the synthesized MGP derivatives were analyzed and verified using multiple physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. Antimicrobial experiments revealed that almost all derivatives demonstrated noticeable antifungal and antibacterial efficacy. The synthesized derivatives showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.75 µg/mL to 1.50 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 8.00 µg/mL to 16.00 µg/mL. Compound 6 inhibited Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell proliferation by 10.36% with an IC50 of 2602.23 μg/mL in the MTT colorimetric assay. The obtained results were further rationalized by docking analysis of the synthesized derivatives against 4URO and 4XE3 receptors to explore the binding affinities and nonbonding interactions of MGP derivatives with target proteins. Compound 6 demonstrated the potential to bind with the target with the highest binding energy. In a stimulating environment, a molecular dynamics study showed that MGP derivatives have a stable conformation and binding pattern. The MGP derivatives were examined using POM (Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration) bioinformatics, and as a result, these derivatives showed good toxicity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Various antifungal/antiviral pharmacophore (Oδ-, O'δ-) sites were identified by using POM investigations, and compound 6 was further tested against other pathogenic fungi and viruses, such as Micron and Delta mutants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Kayes
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Supriyo Saha
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- School of Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Dilipkumar Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), C.G, 495009 Bilaspur, India
| | - Taibi B. Hadda
- BBEH and LACE Laboratories of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
- BBEH and LACE Laboratories of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sarkar M.A. Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
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11
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Liang T, Kota J, Williams KE, Saxena R, Gawrieh S, Zhong X, Zimmers TA, Chalasani N. Dynamic Alterations to Hepatic MicroRNA-29a in Response to Long-Term High-Fat Diet and EtOH Feeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14564. [PMID: 37834011 PMCID: PMC10572557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) is a well characterized fibro-inflammatory molecule and its aberrant expression is linked to a variety of pathological liver conditions. The long-term effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with different levels of EtOH consumption on miR-29a expression and liver pathobiology are unknown. Mice at 8 weeks of age were divided into five groups (calorie-matched diet plus water (CMD) as a control group, HFD plus water (HFD) as a liver disease group, HFD plus 2% EtOH (HFD + 2% E), HFD + 10% E, and HFD + 20% E as intervention groups) and fed for 4, 13, 26, or 39 weeks. At each time point, analyses were performed for liver weight/body weight (BW) ratio, AST/ALT ratio, as well as liver histology assessments, which included inflammation, estimated fat deposition, lipid area, and fibrosis. Hepatic miR-29a was measured and correlations with phenotypic traits were determined. Four-week feeding produced no differences between the groups on all collected phenotypic traits or miR-29a expression, while significant effects were observed after 13 weeks, with EtOH concentration-specific induction of miR-29a. A turning point for most of the collected traits was apparent at 26 weeks, and miR-29a was significantly down-regulated with increasing liver injury. Overall, miR-29a up-regulation was associated with a lower liver/BW ratio, fat deposition, inflammation, and fibrosis, suggesting a protective role of miR-29a against liver disease progression. A HFD plus increasing concentrations of EtOH produces progressive adverse effects on the liver, with no evidence of beneficial effects of low-dose EtOH consumption. Moreover, miR-29a up-regulation is associated with less severe liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiebing Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (S.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Janaiah Kota
- Ultragenyx Pharmaceuticals, Novato, CA 94949, USA;
| | - Kent E. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (S.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (S.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (X.Z.); (T.A.Z.)
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (X.Z.); (T.A.Z.)
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (S.G.); (N.C.)
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13
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Bugajev V, Draberova L, Utekal P, Blazikova M, Tumova M, Draber P. Enhanced Membrane Fluidization and Cholesterol Displacement by 1-Heptanol Inhibit Mast Cell Effector Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2069. [PMID: 37626879 PMCID: PMC10453462 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) depends on membrane lipid and protein compartmentalization. Recently published data show that cells treated with 1-heptanol, a cell membrane fluidizer, exhibit changes in membrane properties. However, the functional consequences of 1-heptanol-induced changes on mast cell signaling are unknown. This study shows that short-term exposure to 1-heptanol reduces membrane thermal stability and dysregulates mast cell signaling at multiple levels. Cells treated with 1-heptanol exhibited increased lateral mobility and decreased internalization of the FcεRI. However, this did not affect the initial phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT1/PLCγ1 signaling pathway after antigen activation. In contrast, 1-heptanol inhibited SAPK/JNK phosphorylation and effector functions such as calcium response, degranulation, and cytokine production. Membrane hyperfluidization induced a heat shock-like response via increased expression of the heat shock protein 70, increased lateral diffusion of ORAI1-mCherry, and unsatisfactory performance of STIM1-ORAI1 coupling, as determined by flow-FRET. Furthermore, 1-heptanol inhibited the antigen-induced production of reactive oxygen species and potentiated stress-induced plasma membrane permeability by interfering with heat shock protein 70 activity. The combined data suggest that 1-heptanol-mediated membrane fluidization does not interfere with the earliest biochemical steps of FcεRI signaling, such as phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT/PLCγ1 signaling pathway, instead inhibiting the FcεRI internalization and mast cell effector functions, including degranulation and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bugajev
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Lubica Draberova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Pavol Utekal
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Michaela Blazikova
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Magda Tumova
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
| | - Petr Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.D.); (P.U.); (M.T.)
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14
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Nguyen MHL, Dziura D, DiPasquale M, Castillo SR, Kelley EG, Marquardt D. Investigating the cut-off effect of n-alcohols on lipid movement: a biophysical study. SOFT MATTER 2023. [PMID: 37357554 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes are responsible for absorbing the effects of external perturbants for the cell's survival. Such perturbants include small ubiquitous molecules like n-alcohols which were observed to exhibit anesthetic capabilities, with this effect tapering off at a cut-off alcohol chain length. To explain this cut-off effect and complement prior biochemical studies, we investigated a series of n-alcohols (with carbon lengths 2-18) and their impact on several bilayer properties, including lipid flip-flop, intervesicular exchange, diffusion, membrane bending rigidity and more. To this end, we employed an array of biophysical techniques such as time-resolved small angle neutron scattering (TR-SANS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), all atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and calcein leakage assays. At an alcohol concentration of 30 mol% of the overall lipid content, TR-SANS showed 1-hexanol (C6OH) increased transverse lipid diffusion, i.e. flip-flop. As alcohol chain length increased from C6 to C10 and longer, lipid flip-flop slowed by factors of 5.6 to 32.2. Intervesicular lipid exchange contrasted these results with only a slight cut-off at alcohol concentrations of 30 mol% but not 10 mol%. SAXS, MD simulations, and leakage assays revealed changes to key bilayer properties, such as bilayer thickness and fluidity, that correlate well with the effects on lipid flip-flop rates. Finally, we tie our results to a defect-mediated pathway for alcohol-induced lipid flip-flop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominik Dziura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart R Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G Kelley
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Dymond MK. A Membrane Biophysics Perspective on the Mechanism of Alcohol Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37186813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Motivations for understanding the underlying mechanisms of alcohol toxicity range from economical to toxicological and clinical. On the one hand, acute alcohol toxicity limits biofuel yields, and on the other hand, acute alcohol toxicity provides a vital defense mechanism to prevent the spread of disease. Herein the role that stored curvature elastic energy (SCE) in biological membranes might play in alcohol toxicity is discussed, for both short and long-chain alcohols. Structure-toxicity relationships for alcohols ranging from methanol to hexadecanol are collated, and estimates of alcohol toxicity per alcohol molecule in the cell membrane are made. The latter reveal a minimum toxicity value per molecule around butanol before alcohol toxicity per molecule increases to a maximum around decanol and subsequently decreases again. The impact of alcohol molecules on the lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase transition temperature (TH) is then presented and used as a metric to assess the impact of alcohol molecules on SCE. This approach suggests the nonmonotonic relationship between alcohol toxicity and chain length is consistent with SCE being a target of alcohol toxicity. Finally, in vivo evidence for SCE-driven adaptations to alcohol toxicity in the literature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus K Dymond
- Chemistry Research and Enterprise Group, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Peyear TA, Andersen OS. Screening for bilayer-active and likely cytotoxic molecules reveals bilayer-mediated regulation of cell function. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213247. [PMID: 36763053 PMCID: PMC9948646 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A perennial problem encountered when using small molecules (drugs) to manipulate cell or protein function is to assess whether observed changes in function result from specific interactions with a desired target or from less specific off-target mechanisms. This is important in laboratory research as well as in drug development, where the goal is to identify molecules that are unlikely to be successful therapeutics early in the process, thereby avoiding costly mistakes. We pursued this challenge from the perspective that many bioactive molecules (drugs) are amphiphiles that alter lipid bilayer elastic properties, which may cause indiscriminate changes in membrane protein (and cell) function and, in turn, cytotoxicity. Such drug-induced changes in bilayer properties can be quantified as changes in the monomer↔dimer equilibrium for bilayer-spanning gramicidin channels. Using this approach, we tested whether molecules in the Pathogen Box (a library of 400 drugs and drug-like molecules with confirmed activity against tropical diseases released by Medicines for Malaria Venture to encourage the development of therapies for neglected tropical diseases) are bilayer modifiers. 32% of the molecules in the Pathogen Box were bilayer modifiers, defined as molecules that at 10 µM shifted the monomer↔dimer equilibrium toward the conducting dimers by at least 50%. Correlation analysis of the molecules' reported HepG2 cell cytotoxicity to bilayer-modifying potency, quantified as the shift in the gramicidin monomer↔dimer equilibrium, revealed that molecules producing <25% change in the equilibrium had significantly lower probability of being cytotoxic than molecules producing >50% change. Neither cytotoxicity nor bilayer-modifying potency (quantified as the shift in the gramicidin monomer↔dimer equilibrium) was well predicted by conventional physico-chemical descriptors (hydrophobicity, polar surface area, etc.). We conclude that drug-induced changes in lipid bilayer properties are robust predictors of the likelihood of membrane-mediated off-target effects, including cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thasin A. Peyear
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences. New York, NY, USA
| | - Olaf S. Andersen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Gimenez-Gomez P, Le T, Martin GE. Modulation of neuronal excitability by binge alcohol drinking. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1098211. [PMID: 36866357 PMCID: PMC9971943 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1098211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug use poses a serious threat to health systems throughout the world. The number of consumers rises every year being alcohol the drug of abuse most consumed causing 3 million deaths (5.3% of all deaths) worldwide and 132.6 million disability-adjusted life years. In this review, we present an up-to-date summary about what is known regarding the global impact of binge alcohol drinking on brains and how it affects the development of cognitive functions, as well as the various preclinical models used to probe its effects on the neurobiology of the brain. This will be followed by a detailed report on the state of our current knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the effects of binge drinking on neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, with an emphasis on brain regions of the meso-cortico limbic neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gimenez-Gomez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- The Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Timmy Le
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- The Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Gilles E. Martin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- The Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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18
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Obeid MA, Haifawi S, Khadra I. The impact of solvent selection on the characteristics of niosome nanoparticles prepared by microfluidic mixing. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100168. [PMID: 36852395 PMCID: PMC9957746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the impact of solvent selection on the characteristics of niosomes prepared by microfluidic mixing. To achieve this, niosomes were manufactured using bench-scale microfluidic mixing systems by changing the type of aqueous and/or organic solvents used to prepare the particles. Niosomes were prepared using different non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol compositions with different solvents and evaluated to investigate the influence of organic and aqueous solvents on the particle's physiochemical characteristics. Here we demonstrated that the solvent selection is a key factor to be considered during the preparation of niosomes with microfluidic mixing. The type of organic solvent was shown to significantly affect the size and the size distribution of the prepared particles. In general, niosome size increased with increasing organic solvent polarity, without affecting the niosomes stability. Moreover, changing the aqueous solvent used to hydrate the lipid components significantly (p < 0.05) affected the characteristics of the prepared niosomes in terms of particles size, size distribution, and surface charge. This impact of solvent selection on the final product is dependent on the lipid components where niosomes prepared with different compositions will have different characteristics when changing the type of organic and/or aqueous solvents. The apparent encapsulation efficiency of quinine as a model hydrophobic drug was subsequently shown to be significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the type of the organic solvent used to prepare the niosomes, while the impact of the organic solvent had less impact on the apparent encapsulation of atenolol as a model hydrophilic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Saja Haifawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Khadra
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, G4 0RE Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
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19
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Seo H, Jeon L, Kwon J, Lee H. High-Precision Synthesis of RNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203033. [PMID: 36737864 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of RNA-based therapeutics in delivering nucleic acids for gene editing and regulating protein translation has led to the effective treatment of various diseases including cancer, inflammatory and genetic disorder, as well as infectious diseases. Among these, lipid nanoparticles (LNP) have emerged as a promising platform for RNA delivery and have shed light by resolving the inherent instability issues of naked RNA and thereby enhancing the therapeutic potency. These LNP consisting of ionizable lipid, helper lipid, cholesterol, and poly(ethylene glycol)-anchored lipid can stably enclose RNA and help them release into the cells' cytosol. Herein, the significant progress made in LNP research starting from the LNP constituents, formulation, and their diverse applications is summarized first. Moreover, the microfluidic methodologies which allow precise assembly of these newly developed constituents to achieve LNP with controllable composition and size, high encapsulation efficiency as well as scalable production are highlighted. Furthermore, a short discussion on current challenges as well as an outlook will be given on emerging approaches to resolving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Leekang Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
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20
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Neuropharmacology of Alcohol Addiction with Special Emphasis on Proteomic Approaches for Identification of Novel Therapeutic Targets. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:119-132. [PMID: 35959616 PMCID: PMC10193758 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220811092906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a generic pharmacological agent with only a few recognized primary targets. Nmethyl- D-aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (serotonin), nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and L-type Ca2+ channels and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K channels are all involved. Following the first hit of alcohol on specific brain targets, the second wave of indirect effects on various neurotransmitter/neuropeptide systems begins, leading to the typical acute behavioral effects of alcohol, which range from disinhibition to sedation and even hypnosis as alcohol concentrations rise. Recent research has revealed that gene regulation is significantly more complex than previously thought and does not fully explain changes in protein levels. As a result, studying the proteome directly, which differs from the genome/transcriptome in terms of complexity and dynamicity, has provided unique insights into extraordinary advances in proteomic techniques that have changed the way we can analyze the composition, regulation, and function of protein complexes and pathways underlying altered neurobiological conditions. Neuroproteomics has the potential to revolutionize alcohol research by allowing researchers to gain a better knowledge of how alcohol impacts protein structure, function, connections, and networks on a global scale. The amount of information collected from these breakthroughs can aid in identifying valuable biomarkers for early detection and improved prognosis of an alcohol use disorder and future pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
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21
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Understanding and combating COVID-19 using the biology and chemistry of SARS-CoV-2. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1753-1769. [PMID: 36125525 PMCID: PMC9486761 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from asymptomatic to severe, which could lead to fatality. Like other pathogenic viruses, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 relies on binding its spike glycoprotein to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2). Molecular studies suggested that there is a high affinity between the spike glycoprotein and ACE 2 that might arise due to their hydrophobic interaction. This property is mainly responsible for making this virus highly infectious. Apart from this, the transmissibility of the virus, prolonged viability in certain circumstances, and rapid mutations also contributed to the current pandemic situation. Nanotechnology provides potential alternative solutions to combat COVID-19 with the development of i. nanomaterial-based COVID-19 detection technology, ii. nanomaterial-based disinfectants, iii. nanoparticle-based vaccines, and iv. nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Hence, this review provides diverse insight into understanding COVID-19.
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22
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Zou G, Xia J, Luo H, Xiao D, Jin J, Miao C, Zuo X, Gao Q, Zhang Z, Xue T, You Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xiong W. Combined alcohol and cannabinoid exposure leads to synergistic toxicity by affecting cerebellar Purkinje cells. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1138-1149. [PMID: 36109623 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Combined use of cannabis and alcohol results in greater psychoactive toxicity than either substance alone, but the underlying central mechanisms behind this worsened outcome remain unclear. Here we show that the synergistic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ethanol on motor incoordination in mice is achieved by activating presynaptic type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) and potentiating extrasynaptic glycine receptors (GlyR) within cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). The combination of ethanol and THC significantly reduces miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency in a CB1R-dependent manner, while increasing the extrasynaptic GlyR-mediated chronic chloride current, both leading to decreased PC activity. Ethanol enhances THC actions by boosting the blood-brain-barrier permeability of THC and enriching THC in the cell membrane. Di-desoxy-THC, a designed compound that specifically disrupts THC-GlyR interaction without affecting the basic functions of CB1R and GlyR, is able to restore PC function and motor coordination in mice. Our findings provide potential therapeutic strategies for overcoming the synergistic toxicity caused by combining cannabis and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichang Zou
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Heyi Luo
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chenjian Miao
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yezi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Aging Research, Hefei, China.
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23
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Hsiao YC, Hung YH, Horng YJ, Chang CW. Antimicrobial effects of automobile screenwashes against Legionella pneumophila. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3596-3604. [PMID: 36000381 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Legionella pneumophila (Lp), a human pathogen, has been detected in windscreen wiper fluid reservoirs (WWFRs) where commercial screenwashes (CSWs) are commonly added. Limited information is available on CSWs against planktonic Lp; however, responses of sessile Lp and planktonic Lp pre-acclimated in nutrient-limited water to CSWs remain unknown. This study thus investigates the antibacterial effects of CSWs on sessile and starved planktonic Lp, in comparison with unstarved Lp. METHODS AND RESULTS Lp biofilms were produced on glass and WWFR materials of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP). Planktonic Lp with and without acclimation in tap water were prepared. Log reductions in cell counts averaged 0.4-5.0 for ten brands of CSWs against sessile Lp and 1.0-3.9 and 0.9-4.9, respectively, against starved and unstarved planktonic Lp for five CSWs. Both biofilm formation and acclimation in tap water enhanced Lp resistance to CSWs. Significantly different log-reduction values among CSW brands were observed for sessile Lp on HDPE and planktonic Lp regardless of acclimation (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Biofilm formation, starvation acclimation, and CSW brand are crucial factors influencing Lp response to CSWs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This study advances the knowledge of Lp reaction in anthropogenic water systems with CSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Hung
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Horng
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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24
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The Potential of Pharmaceutical Hydrogels in the Formulation of Topical Administration Hormone Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163307. [PMID: 36015564 PMCID: PMC9413899 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones have attracted considerable interest in recent years due to their potential use in treatment of many diseases. Their ability to have a multidirectional effect leads to searching for new and increasingly effective drugs and therapies. Limitations in formulating drug forms containing hormones are mainly due to their low enzymatic stability, short half-life and limited bioavailability. One of the solutions may be to develop a hydrogel as a potential hormone carrier, for epidermal and transdermal application. This review discusses the main research directions in developing this drug formulation. The factors determining the action of hormones as drugs are presented. An analysis of hydrogel substrates and permeation enhancers that have the potential to enhance the efficacy of hormones applied to the skin is reviewed.
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25
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Matsumoto A, Adachi H, Terashima I, Uesono Y. Escaping from the Cutoff Paradox by Accumulating Long-Chain Alcohols in the Cell Membrane. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10471-10480. [PMID: 35857416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the cutoff, an activity cliff at which long-chain alcohols lose their biological effects, has not been elucidated. Highly hydrophobic oleyl alcohol (C18:1) exists as a mixture of monomers and aggregated droplets in water. C18:1 did not inhibit the yeast growth but inhibited the growth of the slime mold without a cell wall. C18:1 exhibited toxicity to the yeast protoplast, which was enhanced by polyethylene glycol, a fusogen. Therefore, direct interactions of C18:1 with the membrane are crucial for the toxicity. The cutoff alcohols, C14 and C16, also exhibited strong toxicity obeying the Meyer-Overton correlation, in intact yeast cells whose membrane growth was suppressed in water. Taken together, the cutoff is avoidable by securing sufficient accumulation of the wall-permeable monomers in the membrane, which supports the lipid theory. It would be important to distinguish the effective drug structure localizing in the membrane and deal with the amount in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Adachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukifumi Uesono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Naz Z, Shrestha R, Moin ST, Monticelli L. Interaction of Phthalates with Lipid Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4679-4688. [PMID: 35708295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid, widely used as additives in the manufacture of plastics. They are not covalently linked to polymer chains and can easily leach out, disperse in the environment, and get into contact with living organisms. Several short chain phthalates are classified as endocrine disruptors or hormonal active agents, and have also been reported to promote various kinds of cancer. However, the biological effects of longer chain analogues are less well known. Moreover, little is known on the permeation of phthalates and their metabolites through biological membranes and on their effects on the physical properties of membranes. Here we explore the interaction of a group of phthalates and their main metabolites with model biological membranes. We focus on three industrially relevant phthalates, with acyl chains of different sizes, and their monoester metabolites. We use molecular dynamics simulations to predict the distribution in model membranes, as well as permeabilities and effects on the structural, dynamic, and elastic properties of the membranes. We find that alterations of membrane properties are significant and only weakly affected by the size of acyl chains, suggesting that modifications of molecular size may not be sufficient to reduce the impact of this class of molecules on the environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Naz
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Roshan Shrestha
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS & University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Luca Monticelli
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry (MMSB), UMR 5086 CNRS & University of Lyon, Lyon 69007, France
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27
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Wang H, Qin H, Garab G, Gasanoff ES. Short-Chained Alcohols Make Membrane Surfaces Conducive for Melittin Action: Implication for the Physiological Role of Alcohols in Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121928. [PMID: 35741057 PMCID: PMC9221640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohols are a part of cellular metabolism, but their physiological roles are not well understood. We investigated the effects of short-chain alcohols on Daphnia pulex and model membranes mimicking the lipid composition of eukaryotic inner mitochondrial membranes. We also studied the synergistic effects of alcohols with the bee venom membrane-active peptide, melittin, which is structurally similar to endogenous membrane-active peptides. The alcohols, from ethanol to octanol, gradually decreased the heart rate and the mitochondrial ATP synthesis of daphnia; in contrast, in combination with melittin, which exerted no sizeable effect, they gradually increased both the heart rate and the ATP synthesis. Lipid packing and the order parameter of oriented films, monitored by EPR spectroscopy of the spin-labeled probe 5-doxylstrearic acid, revealed gradual alcohol-assisted bilayer to non-bilayer transitions in the presence of melittin; further, while the alcohols decreased, in combination with melittin they increased the order parameter of the film, which is attributed to the alcohol-facilitated association of melittin with the membrane. A 1H-NMR spectroscopy of the liposomes confirmed the enhanced induction of a non-bilayer lipid phase that formed around the melittin, without the permeabilization of the liposomal membrane. Our data suggest that short-chain alcohols, in combination with endogenous peptides, regulate protein functions via modulating the lipid polymorphism of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Program, Science Department, Chaoyang KaiWen Academy, Beijing 100018, China; (H.W.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hao Qin
- STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Program, Science Department, Chaoyang KaiWen Academy, Beijing 100018, China; (H.W.); (H.Q.)
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Edward S. Gasanoff
- STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) Program, Science Department, Chaoyang KaiWen Academy, Beijing 100018, China; (H.W.); (H.Q.)
- Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (E.S.G.)
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28
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Fan KK, Zhou YM, Wei Y, Han RM, Wang P, Skibsted LH, Zhang JP. Peroxyl radical induced membrane instability of giant unilamellar vesicles and anti-lipooxidation protection. Biophys Chem 2022; 285:106807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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29
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Maged A, Abdelbaset R, Mahmoud AA, Elkasabgy NA. Merits and advances of microfluidics in the pharmaceutical field: design technologies and future prospects. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1549-1570. [PMID: 35612293 PMCID: PMC9154770 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is used to manipulate fluid flow in micro-channels to fabricate drug delivery vesicles in a uniform tunable size. Thanks to their designs, microfluidic technology provides an alternative and versatile platform over traditional formulation methods of nanoparticles. Understanding the factors that affect the formulation of nanoparticles can guide the proper selection of microfluidic design and the operating parameters aiming at producing nanoparticles with reproducible properties. This review introduces the microfluidic systems' continuous flow (single-phase) and segmented flow (multiphase) and their different mixing parameters and mechanisms. Furthermore, microfluidic approaches for efficient production of nanoparticles as surface modification, anti-fouling, and post-microfluidic treatment are summarized. The review sheds light on the used microfluidic systems and operation parameters applied to prepare and fine-tune nanoparticles like lipid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles as well as cross-linked nanoparticles. The approaches for scale-up production using microfluidics for clinical or industrial use are also highlighted. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics in preparing novel micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems is presented. In conclusion, the characteristic vital features of microfluidics offer the ability to develop precise and efficient drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdelbaset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Xu R, Tomeh MA, Ye S, Zhang P, Lv S, You R, Wang N, Zhao X. Novel microfluidic swirl mixers for scalable formulation of curcumin loaded liposomes for cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121857. [PMID: 35623489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have been widely used in nanomedicine for the delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic anticancer agents. The most common applications of these formulations are vaccines and anticancer formulations (e.g., mRNA, small molecule drugs). However, large-scale production with precise control of size and size distribution of the lipid-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) is one of the major challenges in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, we used newly designed microfluidic swirl mixers with simple 3D mixing chamber structures to prepare liposomes at a larger scale (up to 320 mL/min or 20 L/h) than the commercially available devices. This design demonstrated high productivity and better control of liposome size and polydispersity index (PDI) than conventional liposome preparation methods. The microfluidic swirl mixer devices were used to produce curcumin-loaded liposomes under different processing conditions which were later characterized and studied in vitro to evaluate their efficiency as DDSs. The obtained results demonstrated that the liposomes can effectively deliver curcumin into cancer cells. Therefore, the microfluidic swirl mixers are promising devices for reproducible and scalable manufacturing of DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Siyuan Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Songwei Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Rongrong You
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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31
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Bernardes CTV, Ribeiro VP, de Carvalho TC, Furtado RA, Jacometti Cardoso Furtado NA, Bastos JK. Disinfectant activities of extracts and metabolites from Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:261-270. [PMID: 35441723 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concern regarding the harm caused by biocides to human health has been increasing over the years, making the natural products an alternative to less toxic and more efficient biocides. Therefore, this paper reports the investigation of the disinfectant potential of extracts and isolated compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia. For this purpose, extracts of aerial parts (BD-C), tricomial wash (BD-L) and roots (BD-R) of B. dracunculifolia were obtained by maceration. The extracts were submitted to different chromatographic techniques, including high-speedy countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) furnishing nine isolated compounds. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated regarding their antimicrobial activity by the broth microdilution method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and regarding their sanitizing activity according to Standard Operating Procedure No. 65.3210.007 (INCQS, 2011), developed by the National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS) - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). In the antimicrobial evaluation the BD-C extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200 and 100 µg/mL against S. aureus and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. BD-L extract showed MIC value of 200 µg/mL against S. aureus. The isolated compounds caffeic acid (MBC 2.22 µM), ferulic acid (MBC 2.06 µM) and baccharin (MBC 0.27 µM) showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus. All B. dracunculifolia isolated compounds were active with exception of aromadrendin-4´-O-methyl-ether for T. mentagrophytes. Additionally, isosakuranetin was active against S. choleraesuis (MIC 1.4 µM). Regarding the sanitizing activity, the hydroalcoholic solution containing 0.2% of B. dracunculifolia extract in 40 ºGL ethanol was effective in eliminating the microbial contamination on all carrier cylinders and against all microorganisms evaluated in the recommended exposure time of 10 min. Therefore, B. dracunculifolia has potential for the development of sanitizing agents to be used in hospitals, food manufactures and homes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cruz de Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Furtado
- Research Center in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café S/N, 14040-930, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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32
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Gupta A, Lu D, Balasubramanian H, Chi Z, Wohland T. Heptanol-mediated phase separation determines phase preference of molecules in live cell membranes. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100220. [PMID: 35490741 PMCID: PMC9160352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization of many membrane proteins within cholesterol- and sphingolipid-containing microdomains is essential for proper cell signaling and function. These membrane domains, however, are too small and dynamic to be recorded, even with modern super-resolution techniques. Therefore, the association of membrane proteins with these domains can only be detected with biochemical assays that destroy the integrity of cells require pooling of many cells and take a long time to perform. Here, we present a simple membrane fluidizer–induced clustering approach to identify the phase-preference of membrane-associated molecules in individual live cells within 10–15 min. Experiments in phase-separated bilayers and live cells on molecules with known phase preference show that heptanol hyperfluidizes the membrane and stabilizes phase separation. This results in a transition from nanosized to micronsized clusters of associated molecules allowing their identification using routine microscopy techniques. Membrane fluidizer-induced clustering is an inexpensive and easy to implement method that can be conducted at large-scale and allows easy identification of protein partitioning in live cell membranes.
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33
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Kashyap HK. Deciphering Ethanol-Driven Swelling, Rupturing, Aggregation, and Fusion of Lipid Vesicles Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:2445-2459. [PMID: 35167280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, liquid ethanol is known to enhance the permeability of lipid membranes and causes vesicle aggregation and fusion. However, how the amphiphilic ethanol molecules perturb the lipid vesicles to facilitate their aggregation or fusion has not been addressed at any level of molecular simulations. Herein, not only have we developed a coarse-grained (CG) model for liquid ethanol, its aqueous mixture, and hydrated lipid membranes for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, but also utilized it to delineate the aggregation and fusion of lipid vesicles using CG-MD simulations with multimillion particles. We have systematically parametrized the force-field for pure ethanol and its interactions with hydrated POPC and POPE model lipid membranes. In this process, we have successfully reproduced the bulk ethanol structure and concentration-dependent density of aqueous ethanol. To quantify the interaction of ethanol with lipid membranes, we have reproduced the transfer free energy of the ethanol molecule across the hydrated bilayers, and the concentration-dependent distribution of ethanol molecules across the lipid bilayers. After having acceptable force-field parameters for ethanol-membrane interactions, we have checked the effect of ethanol toward the vesicles comprising POPC lipids. We observe a rapid increase in the size of the POPC lipid vesicles with increasing amounts of ethanol up to 30 mol %. We unambiguously observe swelling and decrease in the thickness of the POPC vesicles with increasing amounts of ethanol up to 30 mol %, beyond which the vesicles begin to lose their integrity and rupture at higher mol % of ethanol. The fusion study of two vesicles demonstrates that fused vesicles can be obtained from 20 to 30 mol % of ethanol provided that they are brought closer than a critical distance at a particular mol %. The multivesicle simulations show that along with the increase in the sizes of vesicles the propensity of vesicle aggregation increases as the mol % of ethanol increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant K Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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34
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Mukherjee S, Vincent CK, Jayasekera HW, Yekhe AS. Personal care formulations demonstrate virucidal efficacy against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: Implications for hand hygiene and public health. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000228. [PMID: 36962361 PMCID: PMC10021265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress being made on vaccine roll out, practicing proper hand hygiene has been advocated as a consistent precautionary intervention against the circulating and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Two variants of concern, namely beta and delta, have been shown to exhibit enhanced transmissibility, high viral load, and ability to escape antibody-mediated neutralization. In this report we have empirically determined the efficacy of selected personal care formulations from Unilever in inactivating the beta and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 under simulated real-life conditions. All the formulations demonstrated greater than 99.9% reduction in viral infective titres which is comparable to inactivation of the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus tested under the same conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that well-designed personal care formulations when tested under consumer-centric conditions, and with proven efficacy against the parent strain of SARS-CoV-2 will continue to be effective against extant and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol K Vincent
- Unilever Research and Development, Trumbull, CT, United States of America
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35
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Nele V, Holme MN, Rashid MH, Barriga HMG, Le TC, Thomas MR, Doutch JJ, Yarovsky I, Stevens MM. Design of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers via Cation Modulation of Ethanol-Interdigitated Lipid Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11909-11921. [PMID: 34581180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain alcohols (i.e., ethanol) can induce membrane interdigitation in saturated-chain phosphatidylcholines (PCs). In this process, alcohol molecules intercalate between phosphate heads, increasing lateral separation and favoring hydrophobic interactions between opposing acyl chains, which interpenetrate forming an interdigitated phase. Unraveling mechanisms underlying the interactions between ethanol and model lipid membranes has implications for cell biology, biochemistry, and for the formulation of lipid-based nanocarriers. However, investigations of ethanol-lipid membrane systems have been carried out in deionized water, which limits their applicability. Here, using a combination of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we analyzed the effect of varying CaCl2 and NaCl concentrations on ethanol-induced interdigitation. We observed that while ethanol addition leads to the interdigitation of bulk phase 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers in the presence of CaCl2 and NaCl regardless of the salt concentration, the ethanol-induced interdigitation of vesicular DPPC depends on the choice of cation and its concentration. These findings unravel a key role for cations in the ethanol-induced interdigitation of lipid membranes in either bulk phase or vesicular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nele
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Margaret N Holme
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Harunur Rashid
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hanna M G Barriga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tu C Le
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Michael R Thomas
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, U.K
| | - James J Doutch
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 ODE, U.K
| | - Irene Yarovsky
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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36
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Watts S, Ramstedt M, Salentinig S. Ethanol Inactivation of Enveloped Viruses: Structural and Surface Chemistry Insights into Phi6. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9557-9563. [PMID: 34581569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-enveloped viruses, such as Ebola, influenza, or coronaviruses, are a major threat to human health. Ethanol is an efficient disinfectant that is widely used to inactivate these viruses and prevent their transmission. However, the interactions between ethanol and enveloped viruses leading to their inactivation are not yet fully understood. This study demonstrates the link between ethanol-induced viral inactivation and the nanostructural and chemical transformations of the model virus Phi6, an 85 nm diameter lipid-enveloped bacterial virus that is commonly used as surrogate for human pathogenic viruses. The virus morphology was investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering and was related to its infectivity. The Phi6's surface chemistry was characterized by cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the modifications in protein structure were assessed by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Ethanol-triggered structural modifications were found in the lipid envelope, detaching from the protein capsid and forming coexisting nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Steigenberger J, Verleysen Y, Geudens N, Martins JC, Heerklotz H. The Optimal Lipid Chain Length of a Membrane-Permeabilizing Lipopeptide Results From the Balance of Membrane Partitioning and Local Damage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669709. [PMID: 34594308 PMCID: PMC8476953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudodesmin A (PSD) is a cyclic lipodepsipeptide produced by Pseudomonas that kills certain bacteria at MIC1/2 in the single micromolar range, probably by permeabilizing their cellular membranes. Synthetic PSD variants, where the native decanoic (C10) acyl chain is varied in length from C4 to C8 and C12 to C14 carbons, were described to be not or less active against a panel of gram-positive strains, as compared to native PSD-C10. Here, we test the membrane-permeabilizing activity of PSD-C4 through PSD-C14 in terms of calcein release from liposomes, which is characterized in detail by the fluorescence-lifetime based leakage assay. Antagonistic concentrations and their chain length dependence agree well for liposome leakage and antimicrobial activity. The optimal chain length is governed by a balance between membrane partitioning (favoring longer chains) and the local perturbation or “damage” inflicted by a membrane-bound molecule (weakening for longer chains). Local perturbation, in turn, may involve at least two modes of action. Asymmetry stress between outer and inner leaflet builds up as the lipopeptides enter the outer leaflet and when it reaches a system-specific stability threshold, it causes a transient membrane failure that allows for the flip of some molecules from the outer to the inner leaflet. This cracking-in may be accompanied by transient, incomplete leakage from the aqueous cores of the liposomes observed, typically, for some seconds or less. The mismatch of the lipopeptide with the lipid leaflet geometry, expressed for example in terms of a spontaneous curvature, has two effects. First, it affects the threshold for transient leakage as described. Second, it controls the rate of equilibrium leakage proceeding as the lipopeptide has reached sufficient local concentrations in both leaflets to form quasi-toroidal defects or pores. Both modes of action, transient and equilibrium leakage, synergize for intermediate chain lengths such as the native, i.e., for PSD-C10. These mechanisms may also account for the reported chain-length dependent specificities of antibiotic action against the target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Steigenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yentl Verleysen
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Identifying extracellular vesicle populations from single cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106630118. [PMID: 34518226 PMCID: PMC8463870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106630118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are constantly secreted from both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. EVs, including those referred to as exosomes, may have an impact on cell signaling and an incidence in diseased cells. In this manuscript, a platform to capture, quantify, and phenotypically classify the EVs secreted from single cells is introduced. Microfluidic chambers of about 300 pL are employed to trap and isolate individual cells. The EVs secreted within these chambers are then captured by surface-immobilized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), irrespective of their intracellular origin. Immunostaining against both plasma membrane and cytosolic proteins was combined with highly sensitive, multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to characterize the immobilized vesicles. The data analysis of high-resolution images allowed the assignment of each detected EV to one of 15 unique populations and demonstrated the presence of highly heterogeneous phenotypes even at the single-cell level. The analysis also revealed that each mAb isolates phenotypically different EVs and that more vesicles were effectively immobilized when CD63 was targeted instead of CD81. Finally, we demonstrate how a heterogeneous suppression in the secreted vesicles is obtained when the enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase is inhibited.
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Pir Cakmak F, Marianelli AM, Keating CD. Phospholipid Membrane Formation Templated by Coacervate Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10366-10375. [PMID: 34398617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of coacervate-supported phospholipid membranes by hydrating a dried lipid film in the presence of coacervate droplets. Coacervate-supported membranes were characterized by fluorescence imaging, polarization, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of labeled lipids, lipid quenching experiments, and solute uptake experiments. Our findings are consistent with the presence of lipid membranes around the coacervates, with many droplets fully coated by what appear to be continuous lipid bilayers. In contrast to traditional giant lipid vesicles formed by gentle hydration in the absence of coacervates, the coacervate-templated membrane vesicles are more uniform in size, shape, and apparent lamellarity. Due to their fully coacervate model cytoplasm, these simple artificial cells are macromolecularly crowded and can be easily pre-loaded with high concentrations of proteins or nucleic acids. Within the same population, in addition to coacervate droplets having intact lipid membrane coatings, other coacervate droplets are coated with membranes having defects or pores that permit solute entry, and some are coated with multilayered membranes. Membranes surrounding protein-based coacervate droplets provided protection from a protease added to the external solution. The simplicity of producing artificial cells having a coacervate model cytoplasm surrounded by a model membrane is at the same time interesting as a potential mechanism for prebiotic protocell formation and appealing for biotechnology. We anticipate that such structures could serve as a new type of model system for understanding interactions between intracellular phases and cell or organelle membranes, which are implicated in a growing number of processes ranging from neurotransmission to signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Pir Cakmak
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Allyson M Marianelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christine D Keating
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Bahja J, Dymond MK. Does membrane curvature elastic energy play a role in mediating oxidative stress in lipid membranes? Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:191-202. [PMID: 34000382 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oxidative stress on cells are associated with a wide range of pathologies. Oxidative stress is predominantly initiated by the action of reactive oxygen species and/or lipoxygenases on polyunsaturated fatty acid containing lipids. The downstream products are oxidised phospholipids, bioactive aldehydes and a range of Schiff base by-products between aldehydes and lipids, or other biomacromolecules. In this review we assess the impact of oxidative stress on lipid membranes, focusing on the changes that occur to the curvature preference (lipid spontaneous curvature) and elastic properties of membranes, since these biophysical properties modulate phospholipid homeostasis. Studies show that the lipid products of oxidative stress reduce stored curvature elastic energy in membranes. Based upon this observation, we hypothesize that the effects of oxidative stress on lipid membranes will be reduced by compounds that increase stored curvature elastic energy. We find a strong correlation appears across literature studies that we have reviewed, such that many compounds like vitamin E, Curcumin, Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin A show behaviour consistent with this hypothesis. Finally, we consider whether age-related changes in lipid composition represent the homeostatic response of cells to compensate for the accumulation of in vivo lipid oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bahja
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK
| | - Marcus K Dymond
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, University of Brighton, Lewes Rd, Brighton, BN2 4GL, UK.
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Das S, Meinel MK, Wu Z, Müller-Plathe F. The role of the envelope protein in the stability of a coronavirus model membrane against an ethanolic disinfectant. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:245101. [PMID: 34241335 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol is highly effective against various enveloped viruses and can disable the virus by disintegrating the protective envelope surrounding it. The interactions between the coronavirus envelope (E) protein and its membrane environment play key roles in the stability and function of the viral envelope. By using molecular dynamics simulation, we explore the underlying mechanism of ethanol-induced disruption of a model coronavirus membrane and, in detail, interactions of the E-protein and lipids. We model the membrane bilayer as N-palmitoyl-sphingomyelin and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine lipids and the coronavirus E-protein. The study reveals that ethanol causes an increase in the lateral area of the bilayer along with thinning of the bilayer membrane and orientational disordering of lipid tails. Ethanol resides at the head-tail region of the membrane and enhances bilayer permeability. We found an envelope-protein-mediated increase in the ordering of lipid tails. Our simulations also provide important insights into the orientation of the envelope protein in a model membrane environment. At ∼25 mol. % of ethanol in the surrounding ethanol-water phase, we observe disintegration of the lipid bilayer and dislocation of the E-protein from the membrane environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadip Das
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institute für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Melissa K Meinel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institute für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zhenghao Wu
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institute für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institute für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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42
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Saraogi P, Kaushik V, Chogale R, Chavan S, Gode V, Mhaskar S. Virgin coconut oil as prophylactic therapy against alcohol damage on skin in COVID times. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2396-2408. [PMID: 34121304 PMCID: PMC8447131 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased frequency of using alcohol‐based hand sanitizers (ABHS) by consumers during COVID times have resulted in increased incidences of skin issues on palms. Objective (1) To quantify skin damage with increased usage frequency of ABHS by consumers and (2) To evaluate Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as natural prophylactic agent to counter the adverse effects. Methods In‐home usage study was carried out with 60 volunteers for a 15‐day intervention—Control Group: 6 applications per day of ABHS and Test Group: Overnight VCO use (6–8 drops) followed by 6× usage per day of ABHS. This leg included dermatological evaluation and WHO Self‐Assessment Scale for skin health. Another leg of measurement included non‐invasive instrumental study (Moisture & TEWL Probes, Tape Strip for protein content and IR spectroscopy for protein & lipid content) on forearm of 12 subjects (25–60 years age) with and without VCO application and repeated alcohol exposure. Results In‐home usage study established consumer experiencing skin protective effect of VCO in the context of ABHS onslaught. 25% increase in perceived moisture content was recorded for VCO users, using WHO Self‐Assessment Scale. Instrumental studies confirmed an increase in TEWL and decrease in lipids & protein content. Overnight VCO application resists the extraction which builds up with repeated application. Conclusions Current work provides evidence of compromised hand skin barrier with ABHS daily usage. Overnight VCO application helps prepare the skin for next day alcohol use. Based on the findings, a regimen of overnight VCO application on hands as a natural prophylactic is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Saraogi
- Everything Skin & Hair, Medical & Aesthetic Dermatology Clinic, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Sneha Chavan
- Marico R&D Center, Marico Limited, Mumbai, India
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Gowen AM, Odegaard KE, Hernandez J, Chand S, Koul S, Pendyala G, Yelamanchili SV. Role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of addiction. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 12:e1637. [PMID: 33336550 PMCID: PMC8026578 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder characterized by compulsive seeking despite adverse consequences. There are both heritable and epigenetic mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Emerging evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs regulate synaptic plasticity and related behaviors caused by substances of abuse. These ncRNAs modify gene expression and may contribute to the behavioral phenotypes of addiction. Among the ncRNAs, the most widely researched and impactful are miRNAs. The goal in this systematic review is to provide a detailed account of recent research involving the role of miRNAs in addiction. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Small Molecule-RNA Interactions RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Gowen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Katherine E Odegaard
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jordan Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Subhash Chand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sneh Koul
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sowmya V Yelamanchili
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Ghorbani M, Wang E, Krämer A, Klauda JB. Molecular dynamics simulations of ethanol permeation through single and double-lipid bilayers. J Chem Phys 2021; 153:125101. [PMID: 33003717 DOI: 10.1063/5.0013430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeation of small molecules through membranes is a fundamental biological process, and molecular dynamics simulations have proven to be a promising tool for studying the permeability of membranes by providing a precise characterization of the free energy and diffusivity. In this study, permeation of ethanol through three different membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine (POPS), PO-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE), and PO-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) is studied. Permeabilities are calculated and compared with two different approaches based on Fick's first law and the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model. Microsecond simulation of double bilayers of these membranes provided a direct measurement of permeability by a flux-based counting method. These simulations show that a membrane of POPC has the highest permeability, followed by POPE and POPS. Due to the membrane-modulating properties of ethanol, the permeability increases as functions of concentration and saturation of the inner leaflet in a double bilayer setting, as opposed to the customary definition as a proportionality constant. This concentration dependence is confirmed by single bilayer simulations at different ethanol concentrations ranging from 1% to 18%, where permeability estimates are available from transition-based counting and the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model. We show that the free energy and diffusion profiles for ethanol lack accuracy at higher permeant concentrations due to non-Markovian kinetics caused by collective behavior. In contrast, the counting method provides unbiased estimates. Finally, the permeabilities obtained from single bilayer simulations are combined to represent natural gradients felt by a cellular membrane, which accurately models the non-equilibrium effects on ethanol permeability from single bilayer simulations in equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National, Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20824, USA
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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45
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Sharifian Gh M. Recent Experimental Developments in Studying Passive Membrane Transport of Drug Molecules. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2122-2141. [PMID: 33914545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to measure the passive membrane permeation of drug-like molecules is of fundamental biological and pharmaceutical importance. Of significance, passive diffusion across the cellular membranes plays an effective role in the delivery of many pharmaceutical agents to intracellular targets. Hence, approaches for quantitative measurement of membrane permeability have been the topics of research for decades, resulting in sophisticated biomimetic systems coupled with advanced techniques. In this review, recent developments in experimental approaches along with theoretical models for quantitative and real-time analysis of membrane transport of drug-like molecules through mimetic and living cell membranes are discussed. The focus is on time-resolved fluorescence-based, surface plasmon resonance, and second-harmonic light scattering approaches. The current understanding of how properties of the membrane and permeant affect the permeation process is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifian Gh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
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46
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Protective effect of Terminalia arjuna against alcohol induced oxidative damage of rat erythrocyte membranes. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 12:330-339. [PMID: 33731264 PMCID: PMC8186002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol is a widely abused drug with many health implications, mainly caused by the oxidative and nitrosative stress on different body parts. Ayurvedic herbalism authenticates the multiple therapeutic applications of Terminalia arjuna bark due to its rich phytochemical repertoire. Objective To observe the extent of oxidative damage caused to erythrocytes by alcohol and assess the protective ability of T. arjuna bark powder aqueous extract (AETA) against the damage. Materials and methods Wister albino rats were categorized into four groups of eight rats per group; first group (control) was fed with glucose, second group was given alcohol at a dose of 20% v/v; 5g alcohol/kg b. wt/day, third group was co-administered with AETA (0.5 g/kg b. wt/day) and alcohol and the fourth group was kept on bark extract alone. Blood samples were collected and evaluated for different biochemical parameters after the completion of the treatment period. Results Alcohol significantly increased the erythrocyte membrane protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, along with a concomitant decrease in the membrane antioxidant status, when compared to the control group. Chromatographic analysis of the alcohol-treated rat erythrocyte membranes revealed altered membrane individual phospholipid contents and fluidity properties. Alcohol-induced morphological changes in the erythrocytes and its effect on decreasing the resistance of hypotonic shock induced by NaCl are evident from the hemolysis curves. However, AETA administration to alcoholic rats beneficially modulated the membrane properties anvd protected erythrocytes from damage. Conclusion Results suggest that AETA protects erythrocytes from alcohol-induced oxidative stress, biophysical, and biochemical changes very effectively.
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Aloi E, Rizzuti B, Guzzi R, Bartucci R. Binding of warfarin differently affects the thermal behavior and chain packing of anionic, zwitterionic and cationic lipid membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 694:108599. [PMID: 32979389 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Warfarin is a coumarin derivative drug widely used for its anticoagulant properties. The interaction of warfarin with fully hydrated lipid bilayers has been studied by combining differential scanning calorimetry, spectrophotometry, electron spin resonance of chain-labelled lipids and molecular docking. Bilayers formed by lipids with different chemico-physical properties were considered, namely dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), dimyristoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), and dioleoyltrimethyl-ammoniumpropane (DOTAP). We observed in all cases the binding of warfarin in proximity of the surface of the bilayers, leading to a variety of distinct effects on key molecular properties of the membranes. The drug associates with the lipid bilayers in the deprotonated open chain form, with an association constant similar for DMPC and DMPG (1.27·104 and 2.82·104 M-1, respectively) and lower for DOTAP (0.46·104 M-1). In DMPC bilayers, which are zwitterionic and with saturated symmetrical chains, warfarin at 10 mol% suppresses the pre-transition, slightly stabilizes the fluid state and reduces the cooperativity of the main transition. Moreover, it alters the lateral packing density of the chain segments close to the polar/apolar interface at any temperature through the gel phase. In anionic DMPG bilayers, the drug slightly perturbs the thermotropic phase behavior, and at 10 mol% markedly loosens the compact gel phase packing of the first chain segments. In cationic DOTAP bilayers, possessing unsaturated acyl chains, the drug induces a slightly higher degree of order and motional restriction in the outer hydrocarbon region in the frozen state. In all cases, as a surface adsorbed molecule, warfarin does not affect the segmental chain order and dynamics for temperatures in the fluid phase. The overall results provide an outline of the action of warfarin on membranes formed by lipids of different types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aloi
- Department of Physics and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Rita Guzzi
- Department of Physics and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy; CNR-NANOTEC, Licryl-UOS Cosenza and CEMIF.Cal, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Rosa Bartucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
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Sun D, Peyear TA, Bennett WFD, Holcomb M, He S, Zhu F, Lightstone FC, Andersen OS, Ingólfsson HI. Assessing the Perturbing Effects of Drugs on Lipid Bilayers Using Gramicidin Channel-Based In Silico and In Vitro Assays. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11809-11818. [PMID: 32945672 PMCID: PMC7586341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Partitioning of bioactive molecules, including drugs, into cell membranes may produce indiscriminate changes in membrane protein function. As a guide to safe drug development, it therefore becomes important to be able to predict the bilayer-perturbing potency of hydrophobic/amphiphilic drugs candidates. Toward this end, we exploited gramicidin channels as molecular force probes and developed in silico and in vitro assays to measure drugs' bilayer-modifying potency. We examined eight drug-like molecules that were found to enhance or suppress gramicidin channel function in a thick 1,2-dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC22:1PC) but not in thin 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC18:1PC) lipid bilayer. The mechanism underlying this difference was attributable to the changes in gramicidin dimerization free energy by drug-induced perturbations of lipid bilayer physical properties and bilayer-gramicidin interactions. The combined in silico and in vitro approaches, which allow for predicting the perturbing effects of drug candidates on membrane protein function, have implications for preclinical drug safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Sun
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Thasin A. Peyear
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - W. F. Drew Bennett
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Matthew Holcomb
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Stewart He
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Fangqiang Zhu
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Felice C. Lightstone
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Olaf S. Andersen
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell
Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Helgi I. Ingólfsson
- Biosciences
and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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Dias-Junior LCDL, Castro RF, Fernandes AD, Guerreiro MYR, Silva EJNL, Brandão JMDS. Final Endodontic Irrigation with 70% Ethanol Enhanced Calcium Hydroxide Removal from the Apical Third. J Endod 2020; 47:105-111. [PMID: 33045271 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cleanliness of root canal walls and dentinal tubules after attempting to remove the calcium hydroxide dressing with different irrigant solutions and the use of nonactivated irrigation or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). METHODS After root canal instrumentation, 80 single-rooted teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide mixed with propylene glycol and 0.1% rhodamine B dye and inserted into canals with a Lentulo spiral. The calcium hydroxide dressing was initially removed with 10 mL saline solution and reinstrumentation with the master apical file. Then, the samples were randomly assigned into 8 experimental groups (n = 10) according to the irrigant solution with or without PUI: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid + 1.25% sodium lauryl ether sulfate (EDTA-T), 37% phosphoric acid, or 70% ethanol. A final flush with 5 mL saline solution was performed. The percentage of clean root canal walls and the depth of clean dentinal tubules were measured with images of confocal laser scanning microscopy. The groups were compared using the 2-way analysis of variance test with the Bonferroni post hoc test for depth analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post hoc test for the perimeter analysis. RESULTS Irrigation with 70% ethanol presented a significantly higher percentage of clean root canal walls and a higher depth of clean dentinal tubules when compared with irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA-T for both irrigation methods (P < .05). No differences were observed between nonactivated irrigation or PUI protocols (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Seventy percent ethanol enhanced calcium hydroxide removal from the apical root third compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite or 17% EDTA-T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Fonseca Castro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Adriany Dias Fernandes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mukherjee S, Vincent CK, Jayasekera HW, Yekhe AS. Antiviral efficacy of personal care formulations against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Infect Dis Health 2020; 26:63-66. [PMID: 33012695 PMCID: PMC7498208 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-therapeutic interventions such as practicing good hand hygiene continue to be the mainstay of protection from SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging respiratory viruses. Methods We have evaluated a range of commercially available personal care products including soaps, handwash liquids and alcohol-based hand sanitizers for antiviral efficacy against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 using internationally accepted standardized protocols at user-relevant contact time-points and product dilutions. Results All the tested products resulted in 3 to 4 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 titer. Conclusion Our data re-affirms recommendations by global public health authorities that proper hand hygiene can reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load significantly which should likely limit spread of the contagion. Personal care formulations from Unilever showed efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. All tests were conducted at user relevant contact duration and product dilution. Soap bars with varying TFM content resulted in ≥ 3 log reduction. Liquid cleansers with varying surfactant levels resulted in ≥ 3 log reduction. Sanitizers with variable % of alcohol resulted in ≥ 3 to 4 log reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayandip Mukherjee
- Unilever Research and Development Centre, 64 Main Road, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India.
| | - Carol K Vincent
- Unilever Research and Development, 45 Commerce Drive, Trumbull, CT 06611, USA
| | | | - Ashish Shrikant Yekhe
- Hindustan Unilever Limited, Unilever House, B D Sawant Marg, Chakala, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400099, India
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