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Ju J, Li Z, Jia X, Peng X, Wang J, Gao F. Interleukin-18 in chronic pain: Focus on pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107089. [PMID: 38295914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain has been proven to be an independent disease, other than an accompanying symptom of certain diseases. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, participates in immune modulation, inflammatory response, tumor growth, as well as the process of chronic pain. Compelling evidence suggests that IL-18 is upregulated in the occurrence of chronic pain. Antagonism or inhibition of IL-18 expression can alleviate the occurrence and development of chronic pain. And IL-18 is located in microglia, while IL-18R is mostly located in astrocytes in the spinal cord. This indicates that the interaction between microglia and astrocytes mediated by the IL-18/IL-18R axis is involved in the occurrence of chronic pain. In this review, we described the role and mechanism of IL-18 in different types of chronic pain. This review provides strong evidence that IL-18 is a potential therapeutic target in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Borgonetti V, Cruz B, Vozella V, Khom S, Steinman MQ, Bullard R, D’Ambrosio S, Oleata CS, Vlkolinsky R, Bajo M, Zorrilla EP, Kirson D, Roberto M. IL-18 Signaling in the Rat Central Amygdala Is Disrupted in a Comorbid Model of Post-Traumatic Stress and Alcohol Use Disorder. Cells 2023; 12:1943. [PMID: 37566022 PMCID: PMC10416956 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and anxiety disorders are frequently comorbid and share dysregulated neuroimmune-related pathways. Here, we used our established rat model of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)/AUD to characterize the interleukin 18 (IL-18) system in the central amygdala (CeA). Male and female rats underwent novel (NOV) and familiar (FAM) shock stress, or no stress (unstressed controls; CTL) followed by voluntary alcohol drinking and PTSD-related behaviors, then all received renewed alcohol access prior to the experiments. In situ hybridization revealed that the number of CeA positive cells for Il18 mRNA increased, while for Il18bp decreased in both male and female FAM stressed rats versus CTL. No changes were observed in Il18r1 expression across groups. Ex vivo electrophysiology showed that IL-18 reduced GABAA-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) frequencies in CTL, suggesting reduced CeA GABA release, regardless of sex. Notably, this presynaptic effect of IL-18 was lost in both NOV and FAM males, while it persisted in NOV and FAM females. IL-18 decreased mIPSC amplitude in CTL female rats, suggesting postsynaptic effects. Overall, our results suggest that stress in rats with alcohol access impacts CeA IL-18-system expression and, in sex-related fashion, IL-18's modulatory function at GABA synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Q. Steinman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Ryan Bullard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Shannon D’Ambrosio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Christopher S. Oleata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92073, USA; (V.B.); (B.C.); (V.V.); (S.K.); (M.Q.S.); (R.B.); (S.D.); (C.S.O.); (R.V.); (M.B.); (E.P.Z.); (D.K.)
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Wang LY, Wang XP, Lv JM, Shan YD, Jia SY, Yu ZF, Miao HT, Xin Y, Zhang DX, Zhang LM. NLRP3-GABA signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive deficits in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:162. [PMID: 37434240 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02845-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), such as delirium and cognitive impairment, are commonly encountered complications in aged patients. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is aberrantly synthesized from reactive astrocytes following inflammatory stimulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in PND. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3-GABA signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of aging mice's PND. METHODS 24-month-old C57BL/6 and astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout male mice were used to establish a PND model via tibial fracture surgery. The monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) inhibitor selegiline (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once a day for 7 days after the surgery. PND, including impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, was evaluated by open field test, elevated plus maze, and fear conditioning. Thereafter, pathological changes of neurodegeneration were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Selegiline administration significantly ameliorated TF-induced impulsive-like behaviors and reduced excessive GABA production in reactive hippocampal astrocytes. Moreover, astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice reversed TF-induced impulsive-like and cognitive impairment behaviors, decreased GABA levels in reactive astrocytes, ameliorated NLRP3-associated inflammatory responses during the early stage, and restored neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that anesthesia and surgical procedures trigger neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, which may be due to NLRP3-GABA activation in the hippocampus of aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Peng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jin-Meng Lv
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shan
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yan Jia
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Yu
- Department of Anesthesia and Trauma Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Tao Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China.
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Liang X, Fan Y. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis reveals a causal effect of interleukin-18 levels on postherpetic neuralgia risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183378. [PMID: 37304287 PMCID: PMC10247971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a debilitating complication of herpes zoster, characterized by persistent neuropathic pain that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Identifying factors that determine PHN susceptibility is crucial for its management. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in chronic pain, may play a critical role in PHN development. Methods In this study, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess genetic relationships and potential causal associations between IL-18 protein levels increasing and PHN risk, utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets on these traits. Two IL-18 datasets obtained from the EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute database which contained 21,758 individuals with 13,102,515 SNPs and Complete GWAS summary data on IL-18 protein levels which contained 3,394 individuals with 5,270,646 SNPs. The PHN dataset obtained from FinnGen biobank had 195,191 individuals with 16,380,406 SNPs. Results Our findings from two different datasets of IL-18 protein levels suggest a correlation between genetically predicted elevations in IL-18 protein levels and an increased susceptibility to PHN.(IVW, OR and 95% CI: 2.26, 1.07 to 4.78; p = 0.03 and 2.15, 1.10 to 4.19; p =0.03, respectively), potentially indicating a causal effect of IL-18 protein levels increasing on PHN risk. However, we did not detect any causal effect of genetic liability to PHN risk on IL-18 protein levels. Conclusion These findings suggest new insights into identifying IL-18 protein levels increasing at risk of developing PHN and may aid in the development of novel prevention and treatment approaches for PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Chen XT, Chen LP, Fan LJ, Kan HM, Wang ZZ, Qian B, Pan ZQ, Shen W. Microglial P2Y12 Signaling Contributes to Cisplatin-induced Pain Hypersensitivity via IL-18-mediated Central Sensitization in the Spinal Cord. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:901-917. [PMID: 36646400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Administration of cisplatin and other chemotherapy drugs is crucial for treating tumors. However, cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity is still a critical clinical issue, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unresolved to date. In this study, we found that repeated cisplatin treatments remarkedly upregulated the P2Y12 expression in the spinal cord. Expression of P2Y12 was predominant in the microglia. Pharmacological inhibition of P2Y12 expression markedly attenuated the cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity. Meanwhile, blocking the P2Y12 signal also suppressed cisplatin-induced microglia hyperactivity. Furthermore, the microglia Src family kinase/p38 pathway is required for P2Y12-mediated cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity via the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 production in the spinal cord. Blocking the P2Y12/IL-18 signaling pathway reversed cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity, as well as activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and subsequent Ca2+-dependent signals. Collectively, our data suggest that microglia P2Y12-SFK-p38 signaling contributes to cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity via IL-18-mediated central sensitization in the spinal, and P2Y12 could be a potential target for intervention to prevent chemotherapy-induced pain hypersensitivity. PERSPECTIVE: Our work identified that P2Y12/IL-18 played a critical role in cisplatin-induced pain hypersensitivity. This work suggests that P2Y12/IL-18 signaling may be a useful strategy for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tai Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China; Department of anesthesiology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University; Department of central labotatory, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Ming Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Zhu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of anesthesiology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University; Department of central labotatory, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, People's Republic of China.
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Xia CY, Guo YX, Lian WW, Yan Y, Ma BZ, Cheng YC, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. The NLRP3 inflammasome in depression: Potential mechanisms and therapies. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106625. [PMID: 36563870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex, and has been considered as a key contributor to the development of neuroinflammation. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome is an effective method for depression treatment. In this review, we summarized current researches highlighting the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathology of depression. Firstly, we discussed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with depression and animal models. Secondly, we outlined the possible mechanisms driving the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Thirdly, we discussed the pathogenetic role of NLRP3 inflammasome in depression. Finally, we overviewed the current and potential antidepressants targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Lian
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy & Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Xiang T, Li JH, Su HY, Bai KH, Wang S, Traub RJ, Cao DY. Spinal CCK1 Receptors Contribute to Somatic Pain Hypersensitivity Induced by Malocclusion via a Reciprocal Neuron-Glial Signaling Cascade. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1629-1645. [PMID: 35691467 PMCID: PMC9560966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the incidence of chronic primary pain including temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) often exhibit comorbidities. We recently reported that central sensitization and descending facilitation system contributed to the development of somatic pain hypersensitivity induced by orofacial inflammation combined with stress. The purpose of this study was to explore whether TMD caused by unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) can induce somatic pain hypersensitivity, and whether the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor-mediated descending facilitation system promotes hypersensitivity through neuron-glia cell signaling cascade. UAC evoked thermal and mechanical pain hypersensitivity of the hind paws from day 5 to 70 that peaked at week 4 post UAC. The expression levels of CCK1 receptors, interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-18 receptors (IL-18R) were significantly up-regulated in the L4 to L5 spinal dorsal horn at 4 weeks post UAC. Intrathecal injection of CCK1 and IL-18 receptor antagonists blocked somatic pain hypersensitivity. IL-18 mainly co-localized with microglia, while IL-18R mainly co-localized with astrocytes and to a lesser extent with neurons. These findings indicate that the signaling transduction between neurons and glia at the spinal cord level contributes to the descending pain facilitation through CCK1 receptors during the development of the comorbidity of TMD and FMS. PERSPECTIVE: CCK1 receptor-dependent descending facilitation may mediate central mechanisms underlying the development of widespread somatic pain via a reciprocal neuron-glial signaling cascade, providing novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of TMD and FMS comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han-Yu Su
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Hong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Richard J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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MicroRNA-223 inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation through regulating calcium influx and small extracellular vesicles transmission. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15676. [PMID: 34344968 PMCID: PMC8333426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of miRNAs and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation are both implicated in inflammatory disorders. Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease with neutrophilic leukocytosis and unknown etiology. Although the NETs formation is elevated in AOSD patients, the regulatory roles of miRNAs in NETs formation in AOSD remains unclear. We revealed that the circulating levels of IL-18, NETs, and miR-223 were significantly higher in active AOSD patients, compared with inactive AOSD patients or healthy controls (P < 0.005). Moreover, IL-18 increased calcium influx into neutrophils, which led to mitochondrial ROS (mROS) production and NETs formation. Elevated levels of NETs-DNA could induce miR-223 expression in neutrophils through activating Toll-like receptor 9. The upregulated miR-223 expression in neutrophils suppressed mROS production by blocking calcium influx, and subsequently inhibited IL-18-mediated NETs formation. Besides, the increased neutrophil-derived exosomal miR-223 levels were observed in active AOSD patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0.005). Our in vitro assays demonstrated that the neutrophil-derived small extracellular vesicles carried miR-223, which could repress IL-18 production in macrophages. Together, these results suggest a fine-tuned mechanism between inflammatory (IL-18 induced NETs) and anti-inflammatory (miR-223) factors in AOSD. MiR-223, mROS inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are the potential therapeutics for autoinflammatory diseases such as AOSD.
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Syed AAS, He L, Shi Y, Mahmood S. Elevated levels of IL-18 associated with schizophrenia and first episode psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:896-905. [PMID: 32902142 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether interleukin 18 (IL-18) is elevated in the blood of schizophrenia (SCZ) and first episode psychosis patients, as well as investigate whether this potential relationship is causal. METHOD We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of IL-18 levels in the blood of SCZ patients, comprising of both chronic and first episode psychosis (FEP) cohorts. To investigate causality, we undertook the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. RESULTS A total of eight studies were included in our meta-analysis, our results did indeed show an association between elevated levels of IL-18 and SCZ compared to healthy controls (Z = 3.50, P = .0005). This association remained significant in subsequent subgroup analyses for chronic (Z = 3.15, P = .002) and achieved borderline significance in FEP (Z = 1.93, P = .05) SCZ. Our MR analysis failed to detect any causal relationship between IL-18 levels and SCZ. CONCLUSION The results of our study demonstrate that even though IL-18 levels are elevated in SCZ patients, IL-18 levels do not seem to cause of the disorder itself. Our findings suggest that IL-18 may have utility as a biomarker of SCZ and aid in research into the early intervention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alamdar Shah Syed
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Peripheral blood expression levels of inflammasome complex components in two different focal epilepsy syndromes. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577343. [PMID: 32731050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of inflammation in epilepsy pathogenesis has been extensively investigated, the inflammasome complex, a key component of neuroinflammation, has been understudied in epilepsy patients. METHODS To better understand the involvement of this system in epilepsy, levels of inflammasome complex components (NLRP1, NLRP3, CASP1, ASC), end-products of inflammasome complex activity [IL-1β, IL-18, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms] and other inflammatory factors (NFκB, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured in peripheral blood of patients with focal epilepsy of unknown cause (FEoUC) (n = 47), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) (n = 35) and healthy controls using real time qPCR and/or ELISA. RESULTS Inflammasome complex associated factors were either downregulated or unchanged in epilepsy patients. Likewise, flow cytometry studies failed to show an increase in ratios of NLRP3-expressing CD3+ and CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in epileptic patients. Anti-neuronal antibody positive epilepsy patients showed increased NLRP1 and neuronal NOS mRNA expression levels, whereas patients under poly-therapy showed reduced serum inflammasome levels. FEoUC patients demonstrated increased PBMC NFκB mRNA expression levels and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Both MTLE-HS and FEoUC patients displayed higher ratios of NFκB-expressing CD14+ PBMC than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Although previous clinical studies have implicated increased inflammasome complex expression levels in epilepsy, our results indicate suppressed inflammasome complex activity in the peripheral blood of focal epilepsy patients. Alternatively, the IL-6-NFκB signaling pathway, appears to be activated in focal epilepsy, suggesting that factors of this pathway might be targeted for future theranostic applications.
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11
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Interleukin-10 Facilitates Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission and Homeostatic Plasticity in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133375. [PMID: 31324059 PMCID: PMC6650830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory cytokines are known to exert neuroprotective action ameliorating aberrant neuronal network activity associated with inflammatory responses. Yet, it is still not fully understood if anti-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the regulation of synaptic activity under normal conditions. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) on neuronal synaptic transmission and plasticity. For this we tested the effect of IL-10 on miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) and intracellular Ca2+ responses using whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescence microscopy in 13–15 DIV primary hippocampal neuroglial culture. We found that IL-10 significantly potentiated basal glutamatergic excitatory synaptic transmission within 15 min after application. Obtained results revealed a presynaptic nature of the effect, as IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner significantly increased the frequency but not the amplitude of mEPSC. Further, we tested the effect of IL-10 on mEPSC in a model of homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) induced by treatment of primary hippocampal culture with 1 µM of tetrodotoxin (TTX) for a 24 h. It was found that 15 min application of IL-10 at established HSP resulted in enhanced mEPSC frequency, thus partially compensating for a decrease in the mEPSC frequency associated with TTX-induced HSP. Next, we studied if IL-10 can influence induction of HSP. We found that co-incubation of IL-10 with 1 µM of TTX for 24 h induced synaptic scaling, significantly increasing the amplitude of mEPSC and Ca2+ responses to application of the AMPA agonist, 5-Fluorowillardiine, thus facilitating a compensatory postsynaptic mechanism at HSP condition. Our results indicate that IL-10 potentiates synaptic activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner exerting both presynaptic (short-term exposure) and postsynaptic (long-term exposure) action. Obtained results demonstrate involvement of IL-10 in the regulation of basal glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity at normal conditions.
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12
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 and 8 Modulate the Ameliorative Effect of Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide on Cognitive Decline Associated with Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071757. [PMID: 30970677 PMCID: PMC6480075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 and 8 are involved in the effect of ultramicronizedpalmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) on the cognitive behavior and long term potentiation (LTP) at entorhinal cortex (LEC)-dentate gyrus (DG) pathway in mice rendered neuropathic by the spare nerve injury (SNI). SNI reduced discriminative memory and LTP. Um-PEA treatment started after the development of neuropathic pain had no effects in sham mice, whereas it restored cognitive behavior and LTP in SNI mice. 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP), a selective mGluR5 antagonist, improved cognition in SNI mice and produced a chemical long term depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) in sham and SNI mice. After theta burst stimulation (TBS) MPEP restored LTP in SNI mice. In combination with PEA, MPEP antagonized the PEA effect on discriminative memory and decreased LTP in SNI mice. The (RS)-4-(1-amino-1-carboxyethyl)phthalic acid (MDCPG), a selective mGluR8 antagonist, did not affect discriminative memory, but it induced a chemical LTP and prevented the enhancement of fEPSPs after TBS in SNI mice which were treated or not treated with PEA. The effect of PEA on LTP and cognitive behavior was modulated by mGluR5 and mGluR8. In particular in the SNI conditions, the mGluR5 blockade facilitated memory and LTP, but prevented the beneficial effects of PEA on discriminative memory while the mGluR8 blockade, which was ineffective in itself, prevented the favorable action of the PEA on LTP. Thus, although their opposite roles (excitatory/inhibitory of the two receptor subtypes on the glutamatergic system), they appeared to be required for the neuroprotective effect of PEA in conditions of neuropathic pain.
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13
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IL-18 Contributes to Bone Cancer Pain by Regulating Glia Cells and Neuron Interaction. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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IL-33 Acts to Express Schaffer Collateral/CA1 LTP and Regulate Learning and Memory by Targeting MyD88. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:2531453. [PMID: 29147584 PMCID: PMC5632899 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2531453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is recognized to transmit a signal through a heterodimeric receptor complex ST2/interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) bearing activation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). High-frequency stimulation to the Schaffer collateral induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice. Schaffer collateral/CA1 LTP in IL-33-deficient mice was significantly suppressed, which was neutralized by application with IL-33. Similar suppression of the LTP was found with MyD88-deficient mice but not with ST2-deficient mice. In the water maze test, the acquisition latency in IL-33-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice was significantly prolonged as compared with that in wild-type control mice. Moreover, the retention latency in MyD88-deficient mice was markedly prolonged. In contrast, the acquisition and retention latencies in ST2-deficient mice were not affected. Taken together, these results show that IL-33 acts to express Schaffer collateral/CA1 LTP relevant to spatial learning and memory in a MyD88-dependent manner and that the LTP might be expressed through an IL-1R1/IL-1RAcP-MyD88 pathway in the absence of ST2.
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15
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Mice lacking interleukin-18 gene display behavioral changes in animal models of psychiatric disorders: Possible involvement of immunological mechanisms. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 314:58-66. [PMID: 29195684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests pro-inflammatory cytokines might play an important role in the neurobiology of schizophrenia and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines and it is widely expressed in brain regions involved in emotional regulation. Since IL-18 involvement in the neurobiology of mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, remains unknown, this work aimed at investigating the behavior of IL-18 null mice (KO) in different preclinical models: 1. the prepulse inhibition test (PPI), which provides an operational measure of sensorimotor gating and schizophrenic-like phenotypes; 2. amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, a model predictive of antipsychotic activity; 3. resident-intruder test, a model predictive of aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the animals were submitted to models used to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behavior. IL-18KO mice showed impaired baseline PPI response, which was attenuated by d-amphetamine at a dose that did not modify PPI response in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting a hypodopaminergic prefrontal cortex function in those mice. d-Amphetamine, however, induced hyperlocomotion in IL-18KO mice compared to their WT counterparts, suggesting hyperdopaminergic activity in the midbrain. Moreover, IL-18KO mice presented increased basal levels of IL-1β levels in the hippocampus and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting an overcompensation of IL-18 absence by increased levels of other proinflammatory cytokines. Although no alteration was observed in the forced swimming or in the elevated plus maze tests in naïve IL-18KO mice, these mice presented anxiogenic-like behavior after exposure to repeated forced swimming stress. In conclusion, deletion of the IL-18 gene resembled features similar to symptoms observed in schizophrenia (positive and cognitive symptoms, aggressive behavior), in addition to increased susceptibility to stress. The IL-18KO model, therefore, could provide new insights into how changes in brain immunological homeostasis induce behavioral changes related to psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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16
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The Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 18 Regulates Feeding by Acting on the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5170-80. [PMID: 27147667 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3919-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 has central anorexigenic effects and was proposed to contribute to loss of appetite observed during sickness. Here we tested in the mouse the hypothesis that IL-18 can decrease food intake by acting on neurons of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), a component of extended amygdala recently shown to influence feeding via its projections to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We found that both subunits of the heterodimeric IL-18 receptor are highly expressed in the BST and that local injection of recombinant IL-18 (50 ng/ml) significantly reduced c-fos activation and food intake for at least 6 h. Electrophysiological experiments performed in BST brain slices demonstrated that IL-18 strongly reduces the excitatory input on BST neurons through a presynaptic mechanism. The effects of IL-18 are cell-specific and were observed in Type III but not in Type I/II neurons. Interestingly, IL-18-sensitve Type III neurons were recorded in the juxtacapsular BST, a region that contains BST-LH projecting neurons. Reducing the excitatory input on Type III GABAergic neurons, IL-18 can increase the firing of glutamatergic LH neurons through a disinhibitory mechanism. Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory activity in the LH can induce changes in food intake. Effects of IL-18 were mediated by the IL-18R because they were absent in neurons from animals null for IL-18Rα (Il18ra(-/-)), which lack functional IL-18 receptors. In conclusion, our data show that IL-18 may inhibit feeding by inhibiting the activity of BST Type III GABAergic neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss of appetite during sickness is a common and often debilitating phenomenon. Although proinflammatory cytokines are recognized as mediators of these anorexigenic effects, their mechanism and sites of action remain poorly understood. Here we show that interleukin 18, an anorexigenic cytokine, can act on neurons of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to reduce food intake via the IL-18 receptor. The findings identify a site and a mode of action that indicate targets for the treatment of cachexia or other eating disorders.
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17
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Lentinan produces a robust antidepressant-like effect via enhancing the prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA receptor signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2016; 317:263-271. [PMID: 27693847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lentinan (LNT) is an immune regulator and its potential and mechanism for the treatment of mood disorder is of our interest. Dectin-1 is a β-glucan (including LNT) receptor that regulates immune functions in many immune cell types. Cumulative evidence has suggested that the glutamatergic system seems to play an important role in the treatment of depression. Here, we studied the antidepressant-like effects of LNT and its therapeutical target in regulating the functions of AMPA receptors. We found that 60min treatment with LNT leads to a significant antidepressant-like effect in the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) in mice. The antidepressant-like effects of LNT in TST and FST remained after 1day or 5days of injections. Additionally, LNT did not show a hyperactive effect in the open field test. Dectin-1 receptor levels were increased after LNT treatment for 5days and the specific Dectin-1 inhibitor laminarin was able to block the antidepressant-like effects of LNT. After 5days of treatment, LNT enhanced p-GluR1 (S845) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the total GluR1, GluR2, and GluR3 expression levels remained unchanged. We also found that the AMPA-specific blocker GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant-like effects of LNT. This study identified LNT as a novel antidepressant with clinical potential and a new antidepressant mechanism for regulating prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA receptor signaling.
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18
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Hayakawa T, Hata M, Kuwahara-Otani S, Yamanishi K, Yagi H, Okamura H. Fine structure of interleukin 18 (IL-18) receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the retrosplenial cortex and its changes in IL18 knockout mice. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 78:96-101. [PMID: 27593389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) participates in the inflammatory immune response of lymphocytes. Delay in learning or memory are common in the IL-18 knockout mouse. Many IL-18-immunoreactive neurons are found in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the subiculum. These neurons also contain the IL-18 receptor. We determined the location and the ultrastructure of the IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the RSC and observed changes in the IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons of the IL-18 knockout mouse. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were found specifically in layer V of the granular RSC. They were medium-sized neurons with a light oval nucleus and had little cytoplasm with many free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria, but no Nissl bodies. The number of axosomatic terminals was about six per section. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were not found in the RSC in the IL-18 knockout mouse at 5 or 9 weeks of age. However, many small electron-dense neurons were found in layer V. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm were electron-dense, but not necrotic. The mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were swollen. The IL-18 receptor-immunoreactive neurons were presumed to be degenerating. The degeneration of the IL18-receptor-immunoreactive neurons in the RSC may cause the abnormal behaviors of the IL-18 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Hata
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachi Kuwahara-Otani
- Department of Anatomy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hideshi Yagi
- Department of Anatomy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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19
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Bao H, Ran P, Zhu M, Sun L, Li B, Hou Y, Nie J, Shan L, Li H, Zheng S, Xu X, Xiao C, Du J. The Prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA Receptor Signaling Pathway Mediates The Robust and Prolonged Antidepressant Effect of Proteo-β-Glucan from Maitake. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28395. [PMID: 27329257 PMCID: PMC4916609 DOI: 10.1038/srep28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteo-β-glucan from Maitake (PGM) is a strong immune regulator, and its receptor is called Dectin-1. Cumulative evidence suggests that AMPA receptors are important for the treatment of depression. Here, we report that PGM treatment leads to a significant antidepressant effect in the tail suspension test and forced swim test after sixty minutes of treatment in mice. After five consecutive days of PGM treatment, this antidepressant effect remained. PGM treatment did not show a hyperactive effect in the open field test. PGM significantly enhanced the expression of its receptor Dectin-1, as well as p-GluA1(S845) and GluA1, but not GluA2 or GluA3 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after five days of treatment. The Dectin-1 inhibitor Laminarin was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. At the synapses of PFC, PGM treatment significantly up-regulated the p-GluA1(S845), GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3 levels. Moreover, PGM’s antidepressant effects and the increase of p-GluA1(S845)/GluA1 lasted for 3 days after stopping treatment. The AMPA-specific antagonist GYKI 52466 was able to block the antidepressant effect of PGM. This study identified PGM as a novel antidepressant with clinical potential and a new antidepressant mechanism for regulating prefrontal Dectin-1/AMPA receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhan Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Bai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Shan
- Beijing Gragen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Shangyong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Du
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
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20
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Wu JQ, Chen DC, Tan YL, Tan SP, Xiu MH, Wang ZR, Yang FD, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Altered interleukin-18 levels are associated with cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 76:9-15. [PMID: 26866662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may involve the neuroinflammation mediated by cytokines. This study examined the IL-18 levels, the cognitive function, and their association in schizophrenia. We recruited 70 chronic patients and 75 normal controls and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and IL-18 levels. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was assessed in chronic patients. IL-18 levels were increased in chronic patients as compared to normal controls (p < 0.01). RBANS total score and the subscales of immediate memory and delayed memory were lower in patients than controls (all p < 0.001). In patients, IL-18 levels were positively associated with RBANS total score and the subscales of immediate and delayed memory (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis further confirmed that IL-18 was an independent contributor to RBANS total score and the aforementioned two indexes (all p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that immune responses may play an important role in cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and the abnormal levels of IL-18 reflecting the disturbed balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms may be relevant to cognitive deficits of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Da Chun Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Long Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Ping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Hong Xiu
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Ren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu De Yang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Delayed activation of spinal microglia contributes to the maintenance of bone cancer pain in female Wistar rats via P2X7 receptor and IL-18. J Neurosci 2015; 35:7950-63. [PMID: 25995479 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5250-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of spinal microglia contributes to the development of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, the role of spinal microglia in the maintenance of chronic pain remains controversial. Bone cancer pain shares features of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but the temporal activation of microglia and astrocytes in this model is not well defined. Here, we report an unconventional role of spinal microglia in the maintenance of advanced-phase bone cancer pain in a female rat model. Bone cancer elicited delayed and persistent microglial activation in the spinal dorsal horn on days 14 and 21, but not on day 7. In contrast, bone cancer induced rapid and persistent astrocytic activation on days 7-21. Spinal inhibition of microglia by minocycline at 14 d effectively reduced bone cancer-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia. However, pretreatment of minocycline in the first week did not affect the development of cancer pain. Bone cancer increased ATP levels in CSF, and upregulated P2X7 receptor, phosphorylated p38, and IL-18 in spinal microglia. Spinal inhibition of P2X7/p-38/IL-18 pathway reduced advanced-phase bone cancer pain and suppressed hyperactivity of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. IL-18 induced allodynia and hyperalgesia after intrathecal injection, elicited mechanical hyperactivity of WDR neurons in vivo, and increased the frequency of mEPSCs in spinal lamina IIo nociceptive synapses in spinal cord slices. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel role of microglia in maintaining advanced phase cancer pain in females via producing the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 to enhance synaptic transmission of spinal cord nociceptive neurons.
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Effect of hydrodynamics-based delivery of IL-18BP fusion gene on rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Clin Exp Med 2015; 14:397-408. [PMID: 24122347 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a powerful and important cytokine in myocarditis. IL-18-binding protein (IL-18BP), a naturally occurring antagonist of IL-18, is presumed to play a vital regulatory function in IL-18-mediated immune responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alterations of IL-18 and its related protein expressions and the effect of hydrodynamics-based delivery of the IL-18BP gene for treatment of rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).Rats were immunized on Day 0 and killed on 2, 3 and 4 weeks to determine IL-18 and its related protein expression and target cells in EAM hearts. On Day 6, rats were injected with a recombinant plasmid encoding IL-18BP-Ig or SP-Ig. On Day 17, rats were detected with echocardiography and then be killed. IL-18BP gene therapy was effective in controlling EAM, as monitored by a decreased ratio of heart weight to body weight, reduced myocarditis areas, reduced expression of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, IL-17, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10. Furthermore, the effect of serum containing IL-18BP on the expression of immune-relevant genes in IL-1α-stimulated NC cells and splenocytes cultured from EAM rats was examined. The results showed that IL-18BP significantly suppressed the expression of IL-17 as well as other proinflammatory genes such as transforming growth factor-β, prostaglandin E2 synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 in IL-1α-stimulated NC cells, and IL-18BP also significantly suppressed the expression of IL-17, IL-17R, IL-21 and IL-17-related transcriptional factor retinoic acid-related orphan nuclear receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and Foxp3 in IL-1α-stimulated splenocytes cultured from EAM rats. IL-18 and its related protein played an important role on the development of EAM. IL-18BP effectively prevented progression of EAM by blocking IL-17 and related inflammatory genes expression. This might be a possible mechanism of the amelioration of EAM by IL-18BP treatment.
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Si LF, Zhang SY, Gao CS, Chen SL, Zhao J, Cheng XC. Effects of IFN-γ on IL-18 Expression in Pregnant Rats and Pregnancy Outcomes. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1399-405. [PMID: 25049723 PMCID: PMC4093076 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused on establishing the effects of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression patterns and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage were randomized into control, low IFN-γ (L-IFN-γ) and high IFN-γ groups (H-IFN-γ) that received normal saline, 100 IU/g of IFN-γ and 500 IU/g of IFN-γ vaginal muscular injection, respectively. The effects of IFN-γ on IL-18 expression and pregnancy outcomes were assessed systematically using several methods, including immunohistochemistry streptavidin-perosidase (SP), image pattern analysis, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), whole blood count (WBC) count, microscopy and visual observation. IL-18 was detected in the uteri of all pregnant rats, and mainly distributed in the endometrium, decidual cells, vascular endothelium and myometrium. Immunohistochemistry and image pattern analyses revealed significantly lower IL-18 expression in the H-IFN-γ group compared to the L-IFN-γ and control groups (p<0.01), indicating that high doses of IFN-γ induce downregulation of IL-18 in the uterus of pregnant rats. ELISA results disclosed that IL-18 expression in peripheral blood of the H-IFN-γ group was lower than that of the L-IFN-γ group (p<0.05), and significantly reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the number of peripheral leukocytes in the H-IFN-γ group was significantly higher than those in the control and L-IFN-γ groups (p<0.01). Morphology analysis showed no evident differences between the L-IFN-γ and control groups. However, for the H-IFN-γ group, uterine mucosa bleeding, necrosis and excoriation were observed using microscopy. Visual observation revealed marroon, swelling, crassitude and no embryo in the uterus, which are obvious indicators of abortion. These results indicate that IFN-γ plays a regulatory role in IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood of pregnant rats at the post-implantation stage. Moreover, high levels (500 IU/g) of IFN-γ influence normal pregnancy at the early stages in rats by downregulating IL-18 expression in the uterus and peripheral blood and increasing the number of peripheral leukocytes, consequently triggering termination of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shou-Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Shu-Lin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiang-Chao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
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Liu L, Chan C. The role of inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 15:6-15. [PMID: 24561250 PMCID: PMC4029867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical characteristics of memory loss, dementia and cognitive impairment. Although the pathophysiologic mechanism is not fully understood, inflammation has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by the activation of glial cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that inflammasomes, which cleave precursors of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 to generate their active forms, play an important role in the inflammatory response in the CNS and in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, modulating inflammasome complex assembly and activation could be a potential strategy for suppressing inflammation in the CNS. This review aims to provide insight into the role of inflammasomes in the CNS, with respect to the pathogenesis of AD, and may provide possible clues for devising novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Zorrilla EP, Conti B. Interleukin-18 null mutation increases weight and food intake and reduces energy expenditure and lipid substrate utilization in high-fat diet fed mice. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 37:45-53. [PMID: 24316258 PMCID: PMC4219830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) putatively modulates food intake and energy metabolism, but the effects of IL-18 in high-fat diet fed animals are unknown. Whether IL-18 alters basal metabolic rate or metabolic processes of living is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that IL-18 modulates weight gain, energy intake, whole-body energy expenditure, and utilization of lipid as a fuel substrate in high-fat diet fed mice. METHODS Food intake, whole-body metabolism, and motor activity of IL-18 knockout mice were compared to those of wildtype littermates; anorectic effects of intracerebroventricular IL-18 administration were compared between IL-18 receptor knockout, IL-18/IL-18R knockout and wildtype mice. RESULTS Chow-reared IL-18 knockout mice were overweight at 6 months of age and then gained excess weight on both low-fat and high-fat diets, ate more high-fat diet, and showed reduced whole-body energy expenditure and increased respiratory exchange ratios. Reductions in energy expenditure of IL-18 knockout mice were seen across fasting vs. feeding conditions, low- vs. high-fat diets, high vs. low levels of physical activity and times of day, suggesting actions on basal metabolic rate. The circadian amplitude of energy expenditure, but not respiratory exchange ratio, food intake, or motor activity, also was blunted in IL-18 knockout mice. Central IL-18 administration reduced high-fat diet intake in wildtype mice, but not in mice lacking the IL-18 receptor. CONCLUSION The loss-of-function results support the hypothesis that endogenous IL-18 suppresses appetite and promote energy expenditure and lipid fuel substrate utilization not only during sickness, but also in healthy adults consuming high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Zorrilla
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, California, 92037, USA,Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Bruno Conti
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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Zhang XY, Tang W, Xiu MH, Chen DC, Yang FD, Tan YL, Wang ZR, Zhang F, Liu J, Liu L, Chen Y, Wen N, Kosten TR. Interleukin 18 and cognitive impairment in first episode and drug naïve schizophrenia versus healthy controls. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 32:105-11. [PMID: 23499732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the inflammatory and immune systems have been documented to occur from the earliest stages of schizophrenia, and have been associated with neurodevelopmental changes. Cognitive impairment is a core feature in the pathology of schizophrenia, and recent studies showed a significant increase in serum IL-18 in schizophrenia, and a putative role of IL-18 in neuroprogression and thus neurocognitive defects. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of IL-18 with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. We recruited 77 first episode and drug naïve schizophrenic patients and 75 healthy control subjects and examined the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and serum IL-18 in both groups. Schizophrenic symptoms were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). We found that IL-18 levels were non-significantly higher in patients than controls (206.0±92.9 pg/ml vs 193.2±41.8 pg/ml, p=0.28). Cognitive scores on the RBANS and nearly all of its five subscales (all p<0.05) except for the Visuospatial/Constructional index (p>0.05) were significantly lower in schizophrenic patients than normal controls. For the patients, IL-18 was positively associated with the Visuospatial/Constructional domain of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits occur during the acute stage of a schizophrenic episode, and IL-18 may be involved in Visuospatial/Constructional deficits of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhang XM, Zhu J. Kainic Acid-induced neurotoxicity: targeting glial responses and glia-derived cytokines. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:388-98. [PMID: 22131947 PMCID: PMC3131729 DOI: 10.2174/157015911795596540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to a variety of disorders in the central nervous system, which is triggered primarily by excessive Ca2+ influx arising from overstimulation of glutamate receptors, followed by disintegration of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and ER stress, the generation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Kainic acid (KA), a potent agonist to the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate class of glutamate receptors, is 30-fold more potent in neuro-toxicity than glutamate. In rodents, KA injection resulted in recurrent seizures, behavioral changes and subsequent degeneration of selective populations of neurons in the brain, which has been widely used as a model to study the mechanisms of neurodegenerative pathways induced by excitatory neurotransmitter. Microglial activation and astrocytes proliferation are the other characteristics of KA-induced neurodegeneration. The cytokines and other inflammatory molecules secreted by activated glia cells can modify the outcome of disease progression. Thus, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory treatment could attenuate or prevent KA-induced neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarized updated experimental data with regard to the KA-induced neurotoxicity in the brain and emphasized glial responses and glia-oriented cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12 and IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sutinen EM, Pirttilä T, Anderson G, Salminen A, Ojala JO. Pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 increases Alzheimer's disease-associated amyloid-β production in human neuron-like cells. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:199. [PMID: 22898493 PMCID: PMC3458954 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves increased accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles as well as neuronal loss in various regions of the neocortex. Neuroinflammation is also present, but its role in AD is not fully understood. We previously showed increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) in different regions of AD brains, where it co-localized with Aβ-plaques, as well as the ability of IL-18 to increase expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and cyclin dependent kinase 5, involved in hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Elevated IL-18 has been detected in several risk conditions for AD, including obesity, type-II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as well as in stress. Methods We differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as neuron-like and exposed them to IL-18 for various times. We examined the protein levels of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and its processing products, its cleaving enzymes, involved in amyloidogenic processing of APP, and markers of apoptosis. Results IL-18 increased protein levels of the β-site APP-cleaving enzyme BACE-1, the N-terminal fragment of presenilin-1 and slightly presenilin enhancer 2, both of which are members of the γ-secretase complex, as well as Fe65, which is a binding protein of the C-terminus of APP and one regulator for GSK-3β. IL-18 also increased APP expression and phosphorylation, which preceded increased BACE-1 levels. Further, IL-18 altered APP processing, increasing Aβ40 production in particular, which was inhibited by IL-18 binding protein. Increased levels of soluble APPβ were detected in culture medium after the IL-18 exposure. IL-18 also increased anti-apoptotic bcl-xL levels, which likely counteracted the minor increase of the pro-apoptotic caspase-3. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture medium was unaffected. Conclusions The IL-18 induction of BACE-1, APP processing, and Aβ is likely to be linked to stress-associated adaptations in neurons during the course of normal functioning and development. However, in the course of wider changes in the aging brain, and particularly in AD, the effects of heightened or prolonged levels of IL-18 may contribute to the process of AD, including via increased Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina M Sutinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine/ Neurology, Canthia, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu H, Fang G. Expression and localization of IL-18 in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis of non-pregnant, pregnant, and abortive rats. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 92:45-53. [PMID: 21920610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines present in the reproductive system play an important role both in the modulation of immune responses to infectious challenge and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Interleukin 18 (IL-18) has been regarded as an important regulator of innate and acquired immune response, but its expression and distribution in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis remain unclear. In this paper, the expression and distribution of IL-18 in non-pregnant, pregnant, and early abortive rats were examined using an ultra-sensitive immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that IL-18 expression in the pituitary, in follicular ovaries, and in the corpus luteum of abortive rats were significantly lower than that of pregnant and non-pregnant rats. However, the staining of IL-18 in the hypothalamus, interstitial glands of the ovary, and uterus of abortive rats was strikingly stronger than those of the non-pregnant ones. IL-18 mRNA expression in rat uterus was detected in all groups, whereas IL-18 mRNA content in abortive rat uterus was significantly higher than in normal pregnant rats. Further, IL-18 in the peripheral blood serum of abortive rats was significantly lower than in same-period normal pregnant rats. The differential expression of IL-18 in early abortion suggests that IL-18 may be related to the underlying mechanisms of abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesi Wang
- Institute of Stem cell and tissue engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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Alboni S, Montanari C, Benatti C, Blom JM, Simone ML, Brunello N, Caggia F, Guidotti G, Marcondes MCG, Sanchez-Alavez M, Conti B, Tascedda F. Constitutive and LPS-regulated expression of interleukin-18 receptor beta variants in the mouse brain. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:483-93. [PMID: 21111041 PMCID: PMC6810603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is proposed to be involved in physiological as well as pathological conditions in the adult brain. IL-18 acts through a heterodimer receptor comprised of a subunit alpha (IL-18Rα) required for binding, and a subunit beta (IL-18Rβ) necessary for activation of signal transduction. We recently demonstrated that the canonical alpha binding chain, and its putative decoy isoform, are expressed in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) suggesting that IL-18 may act on the brain by directly binding its receptor. Considering that the co-expression of the beta chain seems to be required to generate a functional receptor and, a short variant of this chain has been described in rat and human brain, in this study we have extended our investigation to IL-18Rβ in mouse. Using a multi-methodological approach we found that: (1) a short splice variant of IL-18Rβ was expressed in the CNS even if at lower levels compared to the full-length IL-18Rβ variants, (2) the canonical IL-18Rβ is expressed in the CNS particularly in areas and nuclei belonging to the limbic system as previously observed for IL-18Rα and finally (3) we have also demonstrated that both IL-18Rβ isoforms are up-regulated in different brain areas three hours after a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection suggesting that IL-18Rβ in the CNS might be involved in mediating the endocrine and behavioral effects of LPS. Our data highlight the considerable complexity of the IL-18 regulation activity in the mouse brain and further support an important central role for IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Montanari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Johanna M.C. Blom
- Department of Paediatrics University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Simone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Caggia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Guidotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Sanchez-Alavez
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Bruno Conti
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Inflammation in neuroviral diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:899-906. [PMID: 20390431 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During any viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS), the extent and nature of neural cell alterations are dictated by the localization of virus replication and, possibly, persistence. However, one additional source of CNS damage comes from the immune response that develops following CNS viral infection. Indeed, despite of its major role in controlling virus spread in the infected CNS, the immune system is equipped with numerous molecular effectors shared with the nervous system that may greatly alter the homeostasis and function of neural cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteases belong to this inflammatory cascade. Besides neurovirulence, the crosstalk engaged between neural and immune cells is a major factor determining the outcome of neuroviral infections.
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Kainic acid-induced neurodegenerative model: potentials and limitations. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011:457079. [PMID: 21127706 PMCID: PMC2992819 DOI: 10.1155/2011/457079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity is considered to be an important mechanism involved in various neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism by which excitotoxicity is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders remains unclear. Kainic acid (KA) is an epileptogenic and neuroexcitotoxic agent by acting on specific kainate receptors (KARs) in the CNS. KA has been extensively used as a specific agonist for ionotrophic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), for example, KARs, to mimic glutamate excitotoxicity in neurodegenerative models as well as to distinguish other iGluRs such as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Given the current knowledge of excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration, interventions targeted at modulating excitotoxicity are promising in terms of dealing with neurodegenerative disorders. This paper summarizes the up-to-date knowledge of neurodegenerative studies based on KA-induced animal model, with emphasis on its potentials and limitations.
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Ryu HJ, Kim JE, Kim MJ, Kwon HJ, Suh SW, Song HK, Kang TC. The protective effects of interleukin-18 and interferon-γ on neuronal damages in the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus. Neuroscience 2010; 170:711-21. [PMID: 20674684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate whether interleukin-18 (IL-18) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) participates in neurodegeneartion, we investigated the changes in IL-18 and IFN-γ systems within the rat hippocampus following status epilepticus (SE). In non-SE induced animals, IL-18, IL-18 receptor α (IL-18Rα), IFN-γ and IFN-γ receptor α (IFN-γRα) immunoreactivity was not detected in the hippocampus. Following SE, IL-18 immunoreactivity was increased in CA1-3 pyramidal cells as well as dentate granule cells. IL-18 immunoreactivity was also up-regulated in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. IL-18Rα immunoreactivity was detected in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages. IFN-γ immunoreactivity was detected only in astrocytes within all regions of the hippocampus. IFN-γRα immunoreactivity was increased in neurons as well as astrocytes. Intracerebroventricular infusions of recombinant rat IL-18 or IFN-γ alleviated SE-induced neuronal damages, while neutralization of IL-18, IFN-γ or their receptors aggravated them, as compared to saline-infused animals. These findings suggest that astroglial-mediated IFN-γ pathway in response to IL-18 induction may play an important role in alleviation of SE-induced neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-DO 200-702, South Korea
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Alboni S, Cervia D, Sugama S, Conti B. Interleukin 18 in the CNS. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:9. [PMID: 20113500 PMCID: PMC2830964 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a cytokine isolated as an important modulator of immune responses and subsequently shown to be pleiotropic. IL-18 and its receptors are expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) where they participate in neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative processes but also influence homeostasis and behavior. Work on IL-18 null mice, the localization of the IL-18 receptor complex in neurons and the neuronal expression of decoy isoforms of the receptor subunits are beginning to reveal the complexity and the significance of the IL-18 system in the CNS. This review summarizes current knowledge on the central role of IL-18 in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Alboni S, Cervia D, Ross B, Montanari C, Gonzalez AS, Sanchez-Alavez M, Marcondes MCG, De Vries D, Sugama S, Brunello N, Blom J, Tascedda F, Conti B. Mapping of the full length and the truncated interleukin-18 receptor alpha in the mouse brain. J Neuroimmunol 2009; 214:43-54. [PMID: 19640592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-18 acts on the CNS both in physiological and pathological conditions. Its action occurs through the heterodimeric receptor IL-18Ralpha\beta. To better understand IL-18 central effects, we investigated in the mouse brain the distribution of two IL-18Ralpha transcripts, a full length and an isoform lacking the intracellular domain hypothesized to be a decoy receptor. Both isoforms were expressed in neurons throughout the brain primarily with overlapping distribution but also with some unique pattern. These data suggest that IL-18 may modulate neuronal functions and that its action may be regulated through expression of a decoy receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Interleukin-18 promoter polymorphisms and risk of late onset Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2009; 1253:169-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bossù P, Ciaramella A, Salani F, Bizzoni F, Varsi E, Di Iulio F, Giubilei F, Gianni W, Trequattrini A, Moro ML, Bernardini S, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Interleukin-18 produced by peripheral blood cells is increased in Alzheimer's disease and correlates with cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:487-92. [PMID: 17988833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of evidence indicates that inflammation plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced in the brain, emerging to be implicated in AD. Although no differences in circulating IL-18 levels were measured between AD patients and controls, a significant increased production of IL-18 was obtained from stimulated blood mononuclear cells of AD patients. This was true particularly in AD subjects carrying the C/C genotype at the -607 position of IL-18 gene promoter. Furthermore, a significant correlation between IL-18 production and cognitive decline was observed in AD patients. Overall, these data indicate that IL-18-related inflammatory pathways, probably also in virtue of polymorphic IL-18 gene influence, are exacerbated in AD patients, and that this cytokine may indeed participate in pathogenic processes leading to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bossù
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Sugama S, Conti B. Interleukin-18 and stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 58:85-95. [PMID: 18295340 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine believed to play a role in a variety of conditions and diseases including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis. IL-18 is also a possible contributor to the sickness syndrome by inducing anorexia and sleep. Originally recognized to be produced by cells of the immune system, IL-18 is also found in endocrine tissues, including the adrenal and the pituitary glands, and in the central nervous system where it is produced by microglial and ependymal cells as well as by neurons of the medial habenular nucleus. IL-18 is produced constitutively and its levels can increase during infection but also during stress in the absence of an exogenous stimulus. IL-18 levels are elevated by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a tissue specific way via differential promoter and splicing usage, and may be down-regulated by the activation of the para-sympathetic system. This suggested the possibility that IL-18 may participate in the regulation of the HPA axis or that it may have a role in mediating the CNS dependent effects on the susceptibility to or the progression of diseases. This review summarizes the evidence linking stress and IL-18 and discusses the possible implication of the neuro-immuno-modulatory action of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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Cumiskey D, Curran BP, Herron CE, O'Connor JJ. A role for inflammatory mediators in the IL-18 mediated attenuation of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus. Neuropharmacology 2007; 52:1616-23. [PMID: 17459425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be elevated in several pathological conditions that are associated with deficits in cognition. We have previously demonstrated that interleukin-18 (IL-18) inhibits long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus in vitro. In this study we have examined the involvement of the inflammatory mediators COX-2 and iNOS in IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP. The effect of an anti-inflammatory PPARgamma agonist was also investigated. We report that the impairment of LTP by IL-18 is significantly attenuated by prior application of the COX-2 inhibitor, SC-236 and the iNOS inhibitor 1400W. These agents had no effect on paired pulse depression in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, application of the PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone also attenuated IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP. We discuss a role for p38 MAP kinase in these effects. This study provides novel evidence for the involvement of inflammatory mediators in IL-18-mediated inhibition of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cumiskey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Sugama S, Fujita M, Hashimoto M, Conti B. Stress induced morphological microglial activation in the rodent brain: involvement of interleukin-18. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1388-99. [PMID: 17433555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the possibility that acute stress might activate microglial cells. Wistar rats were exposed to 2 h period of restraint combined with water immersion stress prior to brain analysis by immunohistochemistry with OX-42, a marker of complement receptor CR3. A single session of stress provoked robust morphological microglial activation in the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra and central gray. These effects appeared as early as at 1 h of exposure and were further intensified at 2 h. Morphological activation was not accompanied with changes in markers of functional activation or of inflammation including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Similar results were obtained with mice where the effects of stress were compared in animals null for interleukin-18 (IL-18 KO), a cytokine previously demonstrated to be modulated by stress and to contribute to microglia activation. The results demonstrated significant reduction of stress-induced microglial activation in IL-18 KO mice. The present study reports evidence that physical/emotional stress may induce morphological microglial activation in the brain and this activation is in part mediated by interleukin-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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Pickering M, O'Connor JJ. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and their effects in the dentate gyrus. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2007; 163:339-54. [PMID: 17765728 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(07)63020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The older notion of a central nervous system existing in essential isolation from the immune system has changed dramatically in recent years as the body of evidence relating to the interactions between these two systems has grown. Here we address the role of a particular subset of immune modulatory molecules, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, in regulating neuronal function and viability in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These inflammatory mediators are known to be elevated in many neuropathological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and ischaemic injury that follows stroke. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin 18 (IL-18), have been shown to regulate neurotoxicity; although, due to the complexity of the cytokine action in neurons and glia, the effect may be either facilitatory or protective, depending on the circumstances. As well as their role in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, the pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been shown to be potent regulators of synaptic function. In particular, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-18 have all been shown to inhibit long-term potentiation, a form of neuronal plasticity widely believed to underlie learning and memory, both in the early p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-dependant phase and the later protein synthesis-dependant phase. In this article we address the mechanisms underlying these cytokine effects in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Pickering
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Cumiskey D, Pickering M, O'Connor JJ. Interleukin-18 mediated inhibition of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus is attenuated in the presence of mGluR antagonists. Neurosci Lett 2006; 412:206-10. [PMID: 17123727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to be elevated in several neuropathological states that are associated with learning and memory impairments. We have previously demonstrated the inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP), a recognised model for memory, in the dentate gyrus region of the rat hippocampus, by interleukin-18. We have also previously shown that the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on LTP can be attenuated by inhibitors of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). We therefore went on to investigate the effects of the mGluR antagonists MPEP and MTPG on the effect of IL-18 on LTP in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro. Recordings of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) were made from the medial perforant path of rat hippocampal slices. IL-18 (100 ng/ml) applied for 20 min before-HFS had no significant effect on baseline EPSPs but significantly impaired LTP (IL-18 LTP 116+/-9%, versus control LTP 163+/-6% 1h post-tetanus, P<0.001, n=5). Perfusion of the mGluR5 specific antagonist MPEP (5 microM) for 40 min prior to application of IL-18 had no significant effect on baseline EPSPs but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of IL-18 on LTP at 30 min but not 1h (177+/-2% and 138+/-8%, respectively, compared to controls; n=5). Perfusion of the group II mGluR antagonist MTPG (50 microM) for 40 min prior to application of IL-18 had no significant effect on baseline EPSPs but was found to significantly reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-18 on LTP at 1h (164+/-6% compared to IL-18 alone, n=5). This study provides novel evidence of the involvement of mGluRs in the IL-18 mediated inhibition of LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derval Cumiskey
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Felderhoff-Mueser U, Schmidt OI, Oberholzer A, Bührer C, Stahel PF. IL-18: a key player in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration? Trends Neurosci 2005; 28:487-93. [PMID: 16023742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a potent inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro-IL-18), which is cleaved into its functionally active form by caspase-1. Resident cells of the CNS express IL-18 and caspase-1 constitutively, thus providing a local IL-18-dependent immune response. Recent studies have highlighted a crucial role for IL-18 in mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the CNS under pathological conditions, such as bacterial and viral infection, autoimmune demyelinating disease, and hypoxic-ischemic, hyperoxic and traumatic brain injuries. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge of IL-18-dependent mechanisms of action during acute neurodegeneration in immature and adult brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser
- Department of Neonatology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité University Medical School, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Fox C, Dingman A, Derugin N, Wendland MF, Manabat C, Ji S, Ferriero DM, Vexler ZS. Minocycline confers early but transient protection in the immature brain following focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25:1138-49. [PMID: 15874975 PMCID: PMC2262097 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of neonatal stroke is high and currently there are no strategies to protect the neonatal brain from stroke or reduce the sequelae. Agents capable of modifying inflammatory processes hold promise. We set out to determine whether delayed administration of one such agent, minocycline, protects the immature brain in a model of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in 7-day-old rat pups. Injury volume in minocycline (45 mg/kg/dose, beginning at 2 h after MCA occlusion) and vehicle-treated pups was determined 24 h and 7 days after onset of reperfusion. Accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in the brain, and concentrations of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain were determined at 24 h. Minocycline significantly reduced the volume of injury at 24 h but not 7 days after transient MCA occlusion. The beneficial effect of minocycline acutely after reperfusion was not associated with changed ED1 phenotype, nor was the pattern of MAPK p38 phosphorylation altered. Minocycline reduced accumulation of IL-1beta and CINC-1 in the systemic circulation but failed to affect the increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, MCP-1 or CINC-1 in the injured brain tissue. Therefore, minocycline provides early but transient protection, which is largely independent of microglial activation or activation of the MAPK p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fox
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andra Dingman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nikita Derugin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael F Wendland
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine Manabat
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shaoquan Ji
- Linco Research, Inc., St. Charles, Missouri, USA
| | - Donna M Ferriero
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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