1
|
Schmidig FJ, Ruch S, Henke K. Episodic long-term memory formation during slow-wave sleep. eLife 2024; 12:RP89601. [PMID: 38661727 PMCID: PMC11045222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We are unresponsive during slow-wave sleep but continue monitoring external events for survival. Our brain wakens us when danger is imminent. If events are non-threatening, our brain might store them for later consideration to improve decision-making. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether novel vocabulary consisting of simultaneously played pseudowords and translation words are encoded/stored during sleep, and which neural-electrical events facilitate encoding/storage. An algorithm for brain-state-dependent stimulation selectively targeted word pairs to slow-wave peaks or troughs. Retrieval tests were given 12 and 36 hr later. These tests required decisions regarding the semantic category of previously sleep-played pseudowords. The sleep-played vocabulary influenced awake decision-making 36 hr later, if targeted to troughs. The words' linguistic processing raised neural complexity. The words' semantic-associative encoding was supported by increased theta power during the ensuing peak. Fast-spindle power ramped up during a second peak likely aiding consolidation. Hence, new vocabulary played during slow-wave sleep was stored and influenced decision-making days later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Ruch
- Institute of Psychology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, UniDistance SuisseBrigSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Portell Penadés E, Alvarez V. A Comprehensive Review and Practical Guide of the Applications of Evoked Potentials in Neuroprognostication After Cardiac Arrest. Cureus 2024; 16:e57014. [PMID: 38681279 PMCID: PMC11046378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory arrest is a very common cause of morbidity and mortality nowadays, and many therapeutic strategies, such as induced coma or targeted temperature management, are used to reduce patient sequelae. However, these procedures can alter a patient's neurological status, making it difficult to obtain useful clinical information for the reliable estimation of neurological prognosis. Therefore, complementary investigations are conducted in the early stages after a cardiac arrest to clarify functional prognosis in comatose cardiac arrest survivors in the first few hours or days. Current practice relies on a multimodal approach, which shows its greatest potential in predicting poor functional prognosis, whereas the data and tools to identify patients with good functional prognosis remain relatively limited in comparison. Therefore, there is considerable interest in investigating alternative biological parameters and advanced imaging technique studies. Among these, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) remain one of the simplest and most reliable tools. In this article, we discuss the technical principles, advantages, limitations, and prognostic implications of SSEPs in detail. We will also review other types of evoked potentials that can provide useful information but are less commonly used in clinical practice (e.g., visual evoked potentials; short-, medium-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials; and event-related evoked potentials, such as mismatch negativity or P300).
Collapse
|
3
|
Amodeo L, Goris J, Nijhof AD, Wiersema JR. Electrophysiological correlates of self-related processing in adults with autism. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024:10.3758/s13415-024-01157-0. [PMID: 38316706 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The term "self-bias" refers to the human propensity to prioritize self- over other-related stimuli and is believed to influence various stages of the processing stream. By means of event-related potentials (ERPs), it was recently shown that the self-bias in a shape-label matching task modulates early as well as later phases of information processing in neurotypicals. Recent claims suggest autism-related deficits to specifically impact later stages of self-related processing; however, it is unclear whether these claims hold based on current findings. Using the shape-label matching task while recording ERPs in individuals with autism can clarify which stage of self-related processing is specifically affected in this condition. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the temporal course of self-related processing in adults with and without autism. Thirty-two adults with autism and 27 neurotypicals completed a shape-label matching task while ERPs were concomitantly recorded. At the behavioral level, results furnished evidence for a comparable self-bias across groups, with no differences in task performance between adults with and without autism. At the ERP level, the two groups showed a similar self-bias at early stages of self-related information processing (the N1 component). Conversely, the autism group manifested a lessened differentiation between self- and other-related stimuli at later stages (the parietal P3 component). In line with recent claims of later phases of self-related processing being altered in autism, we found an equivalent self-bias between groups at an early, sensory stage of processing, yet a strongly diminished self-bias at a later, cognitive stage in adults with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Amodeo
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Judith Goris
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annabel D Nijhof
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- EXPLORA, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Har-Shai Yahav P, Sharaabi A, Zion Golumbic E. The effect of voice familiarity on attention to speech in a cocktail party scenario. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad475. [PMID: 38142293 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective attention to one speaker in multi-talker environments can be affected by the acoustic and semantic properties of speech. One highly ecological feature of speech that has the potential to assist in selective attention is voice familiarity. Here, we tested how voice familiarity interacts with selective attention by measuring the neural speech-tracking response to both target and non-target speech in a dichotic listening "Cocktail Party" paradigm. We measured Magnetoencephalography from n = 33 participants, presented with concurrent narratives in two different voices, and instructed to pay attention to one ear ("target") and ignore the other ("non-target"). Participants were familiarized with one of the voices during the week prior to the experiment, rendering this voice familiar to them. Using multivariate speech-tracking analysis we estimated the neural responses to both stimuli and replicate their well-established modulation by selective attention. Importantly, speech-tracking was also affected by voice familiarity, showing enhanced response for target speech and reduced response for non-target speech in the contra-lateral hemisphere, when these were in a familiar vs. an unfamiliar voice. These findings offer valuable insight into how voice familiarity, and by extension, auditory-semantics, interact with goal-driven attention, and facilitate perceptual organization and speech processing in noisy environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paz Har-Shai Yahav
- The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Aviya Sharaabi
- The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Elana Zion Golumbic
- The Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bao H, Xie M, Huang Y, Liu Y, Lan C, Lin Z, Wang Y, Qin P. Specificity in the processing of a subject's own name. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad066. [PMID: 37952232 PMCID: PMC10640853 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Subject's own name (SON) is widely used in both daily life and the clinic. Event-related potential (ERP)-based studies have previously detected several ERP components related to SON processing; however, as most of these studies used SON as a deviant stimulus, it was not possible to determine whether these components were SON-specific. To identify SON-specific ERP components, we adopted a passive listening task with EEG data recording involving 25 subjects. The auditory stimuli were a SON, a friend's name (FN), an unfamiliar name (UN) selected from other subjects' names and seven different unfamiliar names (DUNs). The experimental settings included Equal-probabilistic, Frequent-SON, Frequent-FN and Frequent-UN conditions. The results showed that SON consistently evoked a frontocentral SON-related negativity (SRN) within 210-350 ms under all conditions, which was not detected with the other names. Meanwhile, a late positive potential evoked by SON was found to be affected by stimulus probability, showing no significant difference between the SON and the other names in the Frequent-SON condition, or between the SON and a FN in the Frequent-UN condition. Taken together, our findings indicated that the SRN was a SON-specific ERP component, suggesting that distinct neural mechanism underly the processing of a SON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Chuyi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Western Medicine Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Xia T, Chen D, Yao Z, Zhu M, Antony JW, Lee TMC, Hu X. Item-specific neural representations during human sleep support long-term memory. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002399. [PMID: 37983253 PMCID: PMC10695382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how individual memories are reactivated during sleep is essential in theorizing memory consolidation. Here, we employed the targeted memory reactivation (TMR) paradigm to unobtrusively replaying auditory memory cues during human participants' slow-wave sleep (SWS). Using representational similarity analysis (RSA) on cue-elicited electroencephalogram (EEG), we found temporally segregated and functionally distinct item-specific neural representations: the early post-cue EEG activity (within 0 to 2,000 ms) contained comparable item-specific representations for memory cues and control cues, signifying effective processing of auditory cues. Critically, the later EEG activity (2,500 to 2,960 ms) showed greater item-specific representations for post-sleep remembered items than for forgotten and control cues, indicating memory reprocessing. Moreover, these later item-specific neural representations were supported by concurrently increased spindles, particularly for items that had not been tested prior to sleep. These findings elucidated how external memory cues triggered item-specific neural representations during SWS and how such representations were linked to successful long-term memory. These results will benefit future research aiming to perturb specific memory episodes during sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minrui Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - James W. Antony
- Department of Psychology & Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - Tatia M. C. Lee
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- HKU-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brown A, Pinto D, Burgart K, Zvilichovsky Y, Zion-Golumbic E. Neurophysiological Evidence for Semantic Processing of Irrelevant Speech and Own-Name Detection in a Virtual Café. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5045-5056. [PMID: 37336758 PMCID: PMC10324990 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1731-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-known "cocktail party effect" refers to incidental detection of salient words, such as one's own-name, in supposedly unattended speech. However, empirical investigation of the prevalence of this phenomenon and the underlying mechanisms has been limited to extremely artificial contexts and has yielded conflicting results. We introduce a novel empirical approach for revisiting this effect under highly ecological conditions, by immersing participants in a multisensory Virtual Café and using realistic stimuli and tasks. Participants (32 female, 18 male) listened to conversational speech from a character at their table, while a barista in the back of the café called out food orders. Unbeknownst to them, the barista sometimes called orders containing either their own-name or words that created semantic violations. We assessed the neurophysiological response-profile to these two probes in the task-irrelevant barista stream by measuring participants' brain activity (EEG), galvanic skin response and overt gaze-shifts.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found distinct neural and physiological responses to participants' own-name and semantic violations, indicating their incidental semantic processing despite being task-irrelevant. Interestingly, these responses were covert in nature and gaze-patterns were not associated with word-detection responses. This study emphasizes the nonexclusive nature of attention in multimodal ecological environments and demonstrates the brain's capacity to extract linguistic information from additional sources outside the primary focus of attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Brown
- Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5290002
| | - Danna Pinto
- Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5290002
| | - Ksenia Burgart
- Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5290002
| | - Yair Zvilichovsky
- Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5290002
| | - Elana Zion-Golumbic
- Gonda Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel, 5290002
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xie M, Ding N, Zhang Y, Qin P. Dual interaction between heartbeat-evoked responses and stimuli. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119817. [PMID: 36535320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs) can interact with external stimuli and play a crucial role in shaping perception, self-related processes, and emotional processes. On the one hand, the external stimulus could modulate HERs. On the other hand, the HERs could affect cognitive processing of the external stimulus. Whether the same neural mechanism underlies these two processes, however, remains unclear. Here, we investigated this interactive mechanism by measuring HERs using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and two name perception tasks. Specifically, we tested (1) how hearing a subject's own name (SON) modulates HERs and (2) how the judgment of an SON is biased by prestimulus HERs. The results showed a dual interaction between HERs and SON. In particular, SON can modulate HERs for heartbeats occurring from 200 to 1200 ms after SON presentation. In addition, prestimulus HERs can bias the SON judgment when a stimulus is presented. Importantly, MEG activities from these two types of interactions differed in spatial and temporal patterns, suggesting that they may be associated with distinct neural pathways. These findings extend our understanding of brain-heart interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences & Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao J, Yang Y, An X, Liu S, Du H, Ming D. Auditory event-related potentials based on name stimuli: A pilot study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:808897. [PMID: 36117639 PMCID: PMC9477379 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.808897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diagnostic studies of brain disorders based on auditory event-related potentials (AERP) have become a hot topic. Research showed that AERP might help to detect patient consciousness, especially using the subjects' own name (SON). In this study, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the brain response to Chinese name stimuli. Twelve subjects participated in this study. SONs were used as target stimuli for each trial. The names used for non-target stimuli were divided into three Chinese character names condition (3CC) and two Chinese characters names condition (2CC). Thus, each subject was required to be in active (silent counting) and passive mode (without counting) with four conditions [(passive, active) × (3CC, 2CC)]. We analyzed the spatio-temporal features for each condition, and we used SVM for target vs. non-target classification. The results showed that the passive mode under 3CC conditions showed a similar brain response to the active mode, and when 3CC was used as a non-target stimulus, the brain response induced by the target stimulus would have a better interaction than 2CC. We believe that the passive mode 3CC may be a good paradigm to replace the active mode which might need more attention from subjects. The results of this study can provide certain guidelines for the selection and optimization of the paradigm of auditory event-related potentials based on name stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Zhao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuancheng Yang
- College of Precision Instruments & Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwei An
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xingwei An
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Dong Ming
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oomen D, Kaddouri RE, Brass M, Wiersema JR. Neural correlates of own name and own face processing in neurotypical adults scoring low versus high on symptomatology of autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108358. [PMID: 35618161 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous event-related potential (ERP) research showed reduced self-referential processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As different self-related stimuli were studied in isolation, it is unclear whether findings can be ascribed to a common underlying mechanism. Further, it is unknown whether altered self-referential processing is also evident in neurotypicals scoring high on ASD symptomatology. We compared ERPs in response to one's own name and face (versus other names/faces) between neurotypical adults scoring high versus low on ASD symptomatology. Conform previous research, the parietal P3 was enhanced, both for own name and face, indicating a self-referential effect. The N250 was only enhanced for one's own face. However, the self-referential parietal P3 effect did not correlate between the names and faces conditions, arguing against a common underlying mechanism. No group effects appeared, neither for names nor faces, suggesting that reduced self-referential processing is not a dimensional ASD feature in the neurotypical population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danna Oomen
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Rachida El Kaddouri
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Marcel Brass
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng S, Li X, Zhan Q, Wang Y, Guo Y, Huang W, Cao Y, Feng T, Wang H, Wu S, An F, Wang X, Zhao L, Liu X. Processing Self-Related Information Under Non-attentional Conditions Revealed by Visual MMN. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:782496. [PMID: 35463934 PMCID: PMC9019658 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.782496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) of event-related potentials (ERPs) is a biomarker reflecting the preattentional change detection under non-attentional conditions. This study was performed to explore whether high self-related information could elicit MMN in the visual channel, indicating the automatic processing of self-related information at the preattentional stage. Thirty-five participants were recruited and asked to list 25 city names including the birthplace. According to the difference of relevance reported from the participants, we divided names of the different cities into high (birthplace as deviants), medium (Xi’an, where participants’ university is located, as deviants), and low (totally unrelated cities as standard stimuli) self-related information. Visual MMN (vMMN) was elicited by high self-related information but not by medium self-related information, with an occipital–temporal scalp distribution, indicating that, under non-attentional condition, high self-related information can be effectively processed automatically in the preattentional stage compared with low self-related information. These data provided new electrophysiological evidence for self-related information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Cheng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinhong Li
- Department of General Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchen Zhan
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaning Guo
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, 923 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingwei Feng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei An
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- School of Education Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Electrophysiological evidence of sustained attention to music among conscious participants and unresponsive hospice patients at the end of life. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 139:9-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Xie M, Wang Y, Qin P. Distinct Effects of Stimulus Repetition on Various Temporal Stages of Subject's Own Name Processing. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030411. [PMID: 35326367 PMCID: PMC8946540 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The self is one of the most important concepts in psychology, which is of great significance for human survival and development. As an important self-related stimulus, the subject’s own name (SON) shows great advantages in cognitive and social processing and is widely used as an oddball stimulus in previous studies. However, it remained unknown whether the multiple repetition of stimulus would have similar influence on the neural response to SON and the other names under equal probability. In this study, adopting EEG and an equal–probability paradigm, we first detected the SON-related ERP components which could differentiate SON from other names, and then investigated how these components are influenced by repeated exposure of the stimulus. Our results showed that SON evoked an earlier SON-related negativity (SRN) at the fronto-central region and a late positive potential (LPP) at the centro-parietal region. More intriguingly, the earlier SRN demonstrated reduction after multiple repetitions, whereas LPP did not exhibit significant changes. In conclusion, these findings revealed that multiple repetitions of the stimulus might influence the various temporal stages in SON-related processing and highlighted the robustness of the late stage in this processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.Z.); (M.X.)
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Musi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.Z.); (M.X.)
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Western Medicine Surgery, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Pengmin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; (Y.Z.); (M.X.)
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18665097531
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The effect of background speech on attentive sound processing: A pupil dilation study. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 174:47-56. [PMID: 35150772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Listening to task-irrelevant speech while performing a cognitive task can involuntarily deviate our attention and lead to decreases in performance. One explanation for the impairing effect of irrelevant speech is that semantic processing can consume attentional resources. In the present study, we tested this assumption by measuring performance in a non-linguistic attentional task while participants were exposed to meaningful (native) and non-meaningful (foreign) speech. Moreover, based on the tight relation between pupillometry and attentional processes, we also registered changes in pupil diameter size to quantify the effect of meaningfulness upon attentional allocation. To these aims, we recruited 41 native German speakers who had neither received formal instruction in French nor had extensive informal contact with this language. The focal task consisted of an auditory oddball task. Participants performed a duration discrimination task containing frequently repeated standard sounds and rarely presented deviant sounds while a story was read in German or (non-meaningful) French in the background. Our results revealed that, whereas effects of language meaningfulness on attention were not detectable at the behavioural level, participants' pupil dilated more in response to the sounds of the auditory task when background speech was played in non-meaningful French compared to German, independent of sound type. In line with the initial hypothesis, this suggested that semantic processing of the native language required attentional resources, which lead to fewer resources devoted to the processing of the sounds of the focal task. Our results highlight the potential of the pupil dilation response for the investigation of subtle cognitive processes that might not surface when only behaviour is measured.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pruvost-Robieux E, André-Obadia N, Marchi A, Sharshar T, Liuni M, Gavaret M, Aucouturier JJ. It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it: a retrospective study of the impact of prosody on own-name P300 in comatose patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 135:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
16
|
Pruvost-Robieux E, Marchi A, Martinelli I, Bouchereau E, Gavaret M. Evoked and Event-Related Potentials as Biomarkers of Consciousness State and Recovery. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:22-31. [PMID: 34474424 PMCID: PMC8715993 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The definition of consciousness has been the subject of great interest for many scientists and philosophers. To better understand how evoked potentials may be identified as biomarkers of consciousness and recovery, the different theoretical models sustaining neural correlates of consciousness are reviewed. A multimodal approach can help to better predict clinical outcome in patients presenting with disorders of consciousness. Evoked potentials are inexpensive and easy-to-implement bedside examination techniques. Evoked potentials are an integral part of prognostic evaluation, particularly in cases of cognitive motor dissociation. Prognostic criteria are well established in postanoxic disorders of consciousness, especially postcardiac arrest but are less well determined in other etiologies. In the early examination, bilateral absence of N20 in disorder of consciousness patients is strongly associated with unfavorable outcome (i.e., death or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) especially in postanoxic etiologies. This predictive value is lower in other etiologies and probably also in children. Both N20 and mismatch negativity are proven outcome predictors for acute coma. Many studies have shown that mismatch negativity and P3a are characterized by a high prognostic value for awakening, but some patients presenting unresponsive wakefulness syndrome also process a P3a. The presence of long-latency event-related potential components in response to stimuli is indicative of a better recovery. All neurophysiological data must be integrated within a multimodal approach combining repeated clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, functional imaging, biology, and neurophysiology combining passive and active paradigms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Pruvost-Robieux
- Neurophysiology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Angela Marchi
- Neurophysiology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, St. Agostino-Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy;
| | - Eléonore Bouchereau
- Department of Anesthesiology and intensive care, GHU Paris Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, Paris, France; and
| | - Martine Gavaret
- Neurophysiology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Paris University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deng N, Sun Y, Chen X, Li W. How does self name influence the neural processing of emotional prosody? An ERP study. Psych J 2021; 11:30-42. [PMID: 34856651 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether self-relevant information can accelerate the processing of emotional information. Our experiment, based on a passive auditory oddball paradigm, involved recording electroencephalography while participants listened to stimuli comprising their own names (ONs) and unfamiliar names (UNs) spoken with varying emotional prosody. At 220-300 ms, mismatch negativity (MMN) was more negative for ONs and angry prosody than for UNs and neutral prosody, respectively. These results suggest that attention is involuntarily attracted by ONs and emotional prosody, and that both types of information are given priority processing, even under pre-attentive conditions. Importantly, ONs with angry prosody induced more negative MMN than did similar UNs and ONs with neutral prosody, which indicates that the motivational significance embedded in angry prosody promotes the self-reference effect and, thus, involves more attention resources. At 300-500 ms, ONs triggered smaller P3a than did UNs, suggesting that less cognitive resources are required to process self-relevant information. These results suggest that self-relevant and emotional information of preferential processing interact with each other during the pre-attentive stage, with self-reference enhancing the processing of emotional information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nali Deng
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| | - Xuhai Chen
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijun Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Naro A, Pignolo L, Lucca LF, Calabrò RS. An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg? Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:181-197. [PMID: 33998559 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard. OBJECTIVE In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC. METHODS We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street. RESULTS CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun Y, Baird A, Gelding R, de Wit B, Thompson WF. Can music enhance awareness in unresponsive people with severe dementia? An exploratory case series using behavioral, physiological and neurophysiological measures. Neurocase 2021; 27:354-365. [PMID: 34455925 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1966045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In five people with severe dementia, we measured their behavioral and physiological responses to familiar/unfamiliar music and speech, and measured ERP responses to subject's own name (SON) after exposure to familiar/unfamiliar music or noise. We observed more frequent behavioral responses to personally-significant stimuli than non-personally-significant stumuli, and higher skin temperatures for music than non-music conditions. The control group showed typical ERPs to SON, regardless of auditory exposure. ERP measures were unavailable for the dementia group given challenges of measuring EEG in this population. The study highlights the potential for personally-significant auditory stimuli in enhancing responsiveness of people with severe dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amee Baird
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gelding
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bianca de Wit
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Detection and classification of long-latency own-name auditory evoked potential from electroencephalogram. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070835. [PMID: 34202435 PMCID: PMC8301772 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.
Collapse
|
22
|
The processing of intimately familiar and unfamiliar voices: Specific neural responses of speaker recognition and identification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250214. [PMID: 33861789 PMCID: PMC8051806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has repeatedly shown that familiar and unfamiliar voices elicit different neural responses. But it has also been suggested that different neural correlates associate with the feeling of having heard a voice and knowing who the voice represents. The terminology used to designate these varying responses remains vague, creating a degree of confusion in the literature. Additionally, terms serving to designate tasks of voice discrimination, voice recognition, and speaker identification are often inconsistent creating further ambiguities. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to clarify the difference between responses to 1) unknown voices, 2) trained-to-familiar voices as speech stimuli are repeatedly presented, and 3) intimately familiar voices. In an experiment, 13 participants listened to repeated utterances recorded from 12 speakers. Only one of the 12 voices was intimately familiar to a participant, whereas the remaining 11 voices were unfamiliar. The frequency of presentation of these 11 unfamiliar voices varied with only one being frequently presented (the trained-to-familiar voice). ERP analyses revealed different responses for intimately familiar and unfamiliar voices in two distinct time windows (P2 between 200-250 ms and a late positive component, LPC, between 450-850 ms post-onset) with late responses occurring only for intimately familiar voices. The LPC present sustained shifts, and short-time ERP components appear to reflect an early recognition stage. The trained voice equally elicited distinct responses, compared to rarely heard voices, but these occurred in a third time window (N250 between 300-350 ms post-onset). Overall, the timing of responses suggests that the processing of intimately familiar voices operates in two distinct steps of voice recognition, marked by a P2 on right centro-frontal sites, and speaker identification marked by an LPC component. The recognition of frequently heard voices entails an independent recognition process marked by a differential N250. Based on the present results and previous observations, it is proposed that there is a need to distinguish between processes of voice "recognition" and "identification". The present study also specifies test conditions serving to reveal this distinction in neural responses, one of which bears on the length of speech stimuli given the late responses associated with voice identification.
Collapse
|
23
|
Alsufyani A, Harris K, Zoumpoulaki A, Filetti M, Bowman H. Breakthrough percepts of famous names. Cortex 2021; 139:267-281. [PMID: 33930660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that presenting own-name stimuli on the fringe of awareness in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) generates a P3 component and provides an accurate and countermeasure resistant method for detecting identity deception (Bowman et al., 2013, 2014). The current study investigates how effective this Fringe-P3 method is at detecting recognition of familiar name stimuli with lower salience (i.e., famous names) than own-name stimuli, as well as its accuracy with multi-item stimuli (i.e., first and second name pairs presented sequentially). The results demonstrated a highly significant ERP difference between famous and non-famous names at the group level and a detectable P3 for famous names for 86% of participants at the individual level. This demonstrates that the Fringe-P3 method can be used for detecting name stimuli other than own-names and for multi-item stimuli, thus further supporting the method's potential usefulness in forensic applications such as in detecting recognition of accomplices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Harris
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexia Zoumpoulaki
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Filetti
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Howard Bowman
- School of Computing, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Holtze B, Jaeger M, Debener S, Adiloğlu K, Mirkovic B. Are They Calling My Name? Attention Capture Is Reflected in the Neural Tracking of Attended and Ignored Speech. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643705. [PMID: 33828451 PMCID: PMC8019946 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Difficulties in selectively attending to one among several speakers have mainly been associated with the distraction caused by ignored speech. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the neural processing of ignored speech in a two-competing-speaker paradigm. For this, we recorded the participant’s brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) to track the neural representation of the attended and ignored speech envelope. To provoke distraction, we occasionally embedded the participant’s first name in the ignored speech stream. Retrospective reports as well as the presence of a P3 component in response to the name indicate that participants noticed the occurrence of their name. As predicted, the neural representation of the ignored speech envelope increased after the name was presented therein, suggesting that the name had attracted the participant’s attention. Interestingly, in contrast to our hypothesis, the neural tracking of the attended speech envelope also increased after the name occurrence. On this account, we conclude that the name might not have primarily distracted the participants, at most for a brief duration, but that it alerted them to focus to their actual task. These observations remained robust even when the sound intensity of the ignored speech stream, and thus the sound intensity of the name, was attenuated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Holtze
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Jaeger
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology IDMT, Division Hearing, Speech and Audio Technology, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Debener
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kamil Adiloğlu
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,HörTech gGmbH, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bojana Mirkovic
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schwartz S, Wang L, Shinn-Cunningham BG, Tager-Flusberg H. Neural Evidence for Speech Processing Deficits During a Cocktail Party Scenario in Minimally and Low Verbal Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism. Autism Res 2020; 13:1828-1842. [PMID: 32827357 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As demonstrated by the Cocktail Party Effect, a person's attention is grabbed when they hear their name in a multispeaker setting. However, individuals with autism (ASD) are commonly challenged in multispeaker settings and often do not respond to salient speech, including one's own name (OON). It is unknown whether neural responses during this Cocktail Party scenario differ in those with ASD and whether such differences are associated with expressive language or auditory filtering abilities. We measured neural responses to hearing OON in quiet and multispeaker settings using electroencephalography in 20 minimally or low verbal ASD (ASD-MLV), 27 verbally fluent ASD (ASD-V), and 27 neurotypical (TD) participants, ages 13-22. First, we determined whether TD's neural responses to OON relative to other names could be quantified with early frontal mismatch responses (MMRs) and late, slow shift parietal and frontal responses (LPPs/FNs). Second, we compared the strength of MMRs and LPPs/FNs across the three groups. Third, we tested whether participants with poorer auditory filtering abilities exhibited particularly weak neural responses to OON heard in a multispeaker setting. Our primary finding was that TDs and ASD-Vs, but not ASD-MLVs, had significant MMRs to OON in a multispeaker setting, and strength of LPPs positively correlated with auditory filtering abilities in those with ASD. These findings reveal electrophysiological correlates of auditory filtering disruption within a clinical population that has severe language and communication impairments and offer a novel neuroimaging approach to studying the Cocktail Party effect in neurotypical and clinical populations. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1828-1842. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. LAY SUMMARY: We found that minimally and low verbal adolescents and young adults with autism exhibit decreased neural responses to one's own name when heard in a multispeaker setting. In addition, decreased strength of neural responses in those with autism correlated with decreased auditory filtering abilities. We propose that these neural deficits may reflect the ineffective processing of salient speech in noisy settings and contribute to language and communication deficits observed in autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara G Shinn-Cunningham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helen Tager-Flusberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jain R, Ramakrishnan AG. Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Studies - During Resting State and Sensory Stimulation in Disorders of Consciousness: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:555093. [PMID: 33041757 PMCID: PMC7522478 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.555093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A severe brain injury may lead to a disorder of consciousness (DOC) such as coma, vegetative state (VS), minimally conscious state (MCS) or locked-in syndrome (LIS). Till date, the diagnosis of DOC relies only on clinical evaluation or subjective scoring systems such as Glasgow coma scale, which fails to detect subtle changes and thereby results in diagnostic errors. The high rate of misdiagnosis and inability to predict the recovery of consciousness for DOC patients have created a huge research interest in the assessment of consciousness. Researchers have explored the use of various stimulation and neuroimaging techniques to improve the diagnosis. In this article, we present the important findings of resting-state as well as sensory stimulation methods and highlight the stimuli proven to be successful in the assessment of consciousness. Primarily, we review the literature based on (a) application/non-use of stimuli (i.e., sensory stimulation/resting state-based), (b) type of stimulation used (i.e., auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, or mental-imagery), (c) electrophysiological signal used (EEG/ERP, fMRI, PET, EMG, SCL, or ECG). Among the sensory stimulation methods, auditory stimulation has been extensively used, since it is easier to conduct for these patients. Olfactory and tactile stimulation have been less explored and need further research. Emotionally charged stimuli such as subject’s own name or narratives in a familiar voice or subject’s own face/family pictures or music result in stronger responses than neutral stimuli. Studies based on resting state analysis have employed measures like complexity, power spectral features, entropy and functional connectivity patterns to distinguish between the VS and MCS patients. Resting-state EEG and fMRI are the state-of-the-art techniques and have a huge potential in predicting the recovery of coma patients. Further, EMG and mental-imagery based studies attempt to obtain volitional responses from the VS patients and thus could detect their command-following capability. This may provide an effective means to communicate with these patients. Recent studies have employed fMRI and PET to understand the brain-activation patterns corresponding to the mental imagery. This review promotes our knowledge about the techniques used for the diagnosis of patients with DOC and attempts to provide ideas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Jain
- Medical Intelligence and Language Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Angarai Ganesan Ramakrishnan
- Medical Intelligence and Language Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Action selection conflict and intentional binding: An ERP study. Cortex 2020; 126:182-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Qi ZHANG, Nali DENG, Xiumin JIANG, Weijun LI. The time course of self-relevance affecting emotional word processing. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ZHANG Qi
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - DENG Nali
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - JIANG Xiumin
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - LI Weijun
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De Salvo S, Lo Buono V, Bonanno L, Micchia K, Cartella E, Romeo L, Arcadi F, Corallo F, Caminiti F, Bramanti A, Giorgianni R, Marino S. Role of visual P300 in cognitive assessment of subacute stroke patients: a longitudinal study. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:722-726. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1705808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Salvo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Buono
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Micchia
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cartella
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Romeo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcadi
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Corallo
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Caminiti
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “Edoardo Caianello” (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Giorgianni
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim Y, Sidtis JJ, Van Lancker Sidtis D. Emotionally expressed voices are retained in memory following a single exposure. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223948. [PMID: 31622405 PMCID: PMC6797471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of voice recognition in biology suggest that long exposure may not satisfactorily represent the voice acquisition process. The current study proposes that humans can acquire a newly familiar voice from brief exposure to spontaneous speech, given a personally engaging context. Studies have shown that arousing and emotionally engaging experiences are more likely to be recorded and consolidated in memory. Yet it remains undemonstrated whether this advantage holds for voices. The present study examined the role of emotionally expressive context in the acquisition of voices following a single, 1-minute exposure by comparing recognition of voices experienced in engaging and neutral contexts at two retention intervals. Listeners were exposed to a series of emotionally nuanced and neutral videotaped narratives produced by performers, and tested on the recognition of excerpted voice samples, by indicating whether they had heard the voice before, immediately and after a one-week delay. Excerpts were voices from exposed videotaped narratives, but utilized verbal material taken from a second (nonexposed) narrative provided by the same performer. Overall, participants were consistently able to distinguish between voices that were exposed during the video session and voices that were not exposed. Voices experienced in emotional, engaging contexts were significantly better recognized than those in neutral ones both immediately and after a one-week delay. Our findings provide the first evidence that new voices can be acquired rapidly from one-time exposure and that nuanced context facilitates initially inducting new voices into a repertory of personally familiar voices in long-term memory. The results converge with neurological evidence to suggest that cerebral processes differ for familiar and unfamiliar voices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Kim
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research at Rockland Psychiatric Center, Geriatrics Division, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John J. Sidtis
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research at Rockland Psychiatric Center, Geriatrics Division, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Diana Van Lancker Sidtis
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research at Rockland Psychiatric Center, Geriatrics Division, New York, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Connolly JF, Reilly JP, Fox-Robichaud A, Britz P, Blain-Moraes S, Sonnadara R, Hamielec C, Herrera-Díaz A, Boshra R. Development of a point of care system for automated coma prognosis: a prospective cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029621. [PMID: 31320356 PMCID: PMC6661548 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coma is a deep state of unconsciousness that can be caused by a variety of clinical conditions. Traditional tests for coma outcome prediction are based mainly on a set of clinical observations. Recently, certain event-related potentials (ERPs), which are transient electroencephalogram (EEG) responses to auditory, visual or tactile stimuli, have been introduced as useful predictors of a positive coma outcome (ie, emergence). However, such tests require the skills of clinical neurophysiologists, who are not commonly available in many clinical settings. Additionally, none of the current standard clinical approaches have sufficient predictive accuracies to provide definitive prognoses. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop improved machine learning procedures based on EEG/ERP for determining emergence from coma. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Data will be collected from 50 participants in coma. EEG/ERP data will be recorded for 24 consecutive hours at a maximum of five time points spanning 30 days from the date of recruitment to track participants' progression. The study employs paradigms designed to elicit brainstem potentials, middle-latency responses, N100, mismatch negativity, P300 and N400. In the case of patient emergence, data are recorded on that occasion to form an additional basis for comparison. A relevant data set will be developed from the testing of 20 healthy controls, each spanning a 15-hour recording period in order to formulate a baseline. Collected data will be used to develop an automated procedure for analysis and detection of various ERP components that are salient to prognosis. Salient features extracted from the ERP and resting-state EEG will be identified and combined to give an accurate indicator of prognosis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (project number 4840). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03826407.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Connolly
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James P Reilly
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison Fox-Robichaud
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stefanie Blain-Moraes
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ranil Sonnadara
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cindy Hamielec
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Critical Care Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adianes Herrera-Díaz
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rober Boshra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Discovery District, Ontario, Canada
- ARiEAL Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Thomas RP, Wang LAL, Guthrie W, Cola M, McCleery JP, Pandey J, Schultz RT, Miller JS. What's in a name? A preliminary event-related potential study of response to name in preschool children with and without autism spectrum disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216051. [PMID: 31063462 PMCID: PMC6504183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to selectively respond to one’s own name is important for social and language development, and is disrupted in atypically developing populations (e.g., autism spectrum disorder). Research with typically developing samples using event-related potentials (ERPs) has demonstrated that the subject’s own name (SON) is differentiated from other stimuli at both early sensory and later cognitive stages of auditory processing. While neural indices of response to name have been researched extensively in adults, no such studies have been conducted with typically developing preschool children or children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study investigated ERP response to name in a sample of typically developing (TD) preschoolers (n = 19; mean age = 4.3 years) as well as a small, exploratory comparison group of preschoolers with ASD (n = 13; mean age = 4.4 years). TD preschoolers exhibited significantly greater negativity to SON over frontal regions than to an unfamiliar nonsense name, consistent with the adult SON negativity component. This component was present whether the name was spoken by a parent or an unfamiliar adult, suggesting that it reflects SON-specific processing rather than broad self-relevant information processing. Comparing preschoolers with ASD to the TD children revealed a significant SON negativity component across both groups. The amplitude of the SON negativity response was significantly correlated with social variables in the ASD group, though these correlations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of the SON component in preschool children with and without ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P. Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Leah A. L. Wang
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Whitney Guthrie
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meredith Cola
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. McCleery
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychology & Kinney Center for Autism Education and Support, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juhi Pandey
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Schultz
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Miller
- Center for Autism Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kotchoubey B, Pavlov YG. A Signature of Passivity? An Explorative Study of the N3 Event- Related Potential Component in Passive Oddball Tasks. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:365. [PMID: 31068776 PMCID: PMC6491624 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many passive oddball experiments show a sharp negative deflection N3 after P3b, peaking between 400 and 500 ms, but this wave has never been analyzed properly. We conducted five passive oddball experiments, in which the number of deviants (i.e., one or two), their alleged meaning, and their distinctiveness varied. RESULTS Mastoid- or common-referenced waveforms showed a fronto-central N3 in all experiments. The data were CSD (Current Source Density) transformed and underwent a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA revealed N3 containing two subcomponents with very stable peak latencies of about 415 and 455 ms, respectively. Both topography of the subcomponents and their variation with experimental conditions were very similar, indicating a midfrontal sink and a posterior temporal source. An analysis of P3a and P3b components replicated previously known effects. CONCLUSION We discuss the similarities and differences between the passive N3 and other components including the MMN, N1, late positive Slow Wave, and reorienting negativity. We also make general hypotheses about a possible functional meaning of N3; on this basis, specific hypotheses are formulated and further experiments are suggested to test these hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kotchoubey
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuri G. Pavlov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Key AP, Jones D. Social-emotional processing in nonverbal individuals with Angelman syndrome: evidence from brain responses to known and novel names. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2019; 63:244-254. [PMID: 30468263 PMCID: PMC6924168 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of intellectual, communicative and motor deficits limits the use of standardised behavioural assessments in individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS). The current study aimed to objectively evaluate the extent of social-emotional processing in AS using auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) during passive exposure to spoken stimuli. METHODS Auditory ERP responses were recorded in 13 nonverbal individuals with the deletion subtype of AS, age 4-45 years, during the name recognition paradigm, in which their own names and names of close others (relative or friend) were presented among novel names. No behavioural responses were required. RESULTS Contrary to findings in typical children and adults, there was no significant evidence of differential neural response to known vs. novel names in participants with AS. Nevertheless, greater amplitude differences between known and unknown names demonstrated the predicted association with better interpersonal relationships and receptive communication abilities. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate good tolerability of ERP procedures (85% success rate). The lack of own name differentiation is consistent with increased incidence of the autism-related symptoms in AS. Strong associations between the caregiver reports of adaptive functioning and neural indices of known name recognition support the utility of brain-based measures for objectively evaluating cognitive and affective processes in nonverbal persons with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Departments of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dorita Jones
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The language and cultural differences of father-reference processing: Based on the retrieval-induced forgetting. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
36
|
Skibsted AP, Amiri M, Fisher PM, Sidaros A, Hribljan MC, Larsen VA, Højgaard JLS, Nikolic M, Hauerberg J, Fabricius ME, Knudsen GM, Møller K, Kondziella D. Consciousness in Neurocritical Care Cohort Study Using fMRI and EEG (CONNECT-ME): Protocol for a Longitudinal Prospective Study and a Tertiary Clinical Care Service. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1012. [PMID: 30542319 PMCID: PMC6278242 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives: To facilitate individualized assessment of unresponsive patients in the intensive care unit for signs of preserved consciousness after acute brain injury. Background: Physicians and neuroscientists are increasingly recognizing a disturbing dilemma: Brain-injured patients who appear entirely unresponsive at the bedside may show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional MRI (fMRI) or electroencephalography (EEG). According to a recent meta-analysis, roughly 15% of behaviorally unresponsive brain-injured patients can participate in mental tasks by modifying their brain activity during EEG- or fMRI-based paradigms, suggesting that they are conscious and misdiagnosed. This has major ethical and practical implications, including prognosis, treatment, resource allocation, and end-of-life decisions. However, EEG- or fMRI-based paradigms have so far typically been tested in chronic brain injury. Hence, as a novel approach, CONNECT-ME will import the full range of consciousness paradigms into neurocritical care. Methods: We will assess intensive care patients with acute brain injury for preserved consciousness by serial and multimodal evaluation using active, passive and resting state fMRI and EEG paradigms, as well as state-of-the-art clinical techniques including pupillometry and sophisticated clinical rating scales such as the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. In addition, we are establishing a biobank (blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, where available) to facilitate future genomic and microbiomic research to search for signatures of consciousness recovery. Discussion: We anticipate that this multimodal approach will add vital clinical information, including detection of preserved consciousness in patients previously thought of as unconscious, and improved (i.e., personalized) prognostication of individual patients. Our aim is two-fold: We wish to establish a cutting-edge tertiary care clinical service for unresponsive patients in the intensive care unit and lay the foundation for a fruitful multidisciplinary research environment for the study of consciousness in acute brain injury. Of note, CONNECT-ME will not only enhance our understanding of consciousness disorders in acute brain injury but it will also raise awareness for these patients who, for obvious reasons, have lacked a voice so far. Trial registration: The study is registered with clinicaltrials.org (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02644265).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anine P Skibsted
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moshgan Amiri
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Sidaros
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melita Cacic Hribljan
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Andrée Larsen
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Lilja S Højgaard
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miki Nikolic
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Hauerberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin E Fabricius
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital and Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cortical Response to the Natural Speech Envelope Correlates with Neuroimaging Evidence of Cognition in Severe Brain Injury. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3833-3839.e3. [PMID: 30471997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies identify severely brain-injured patients with limited or no behavioral responses who successfully perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or electroencephalogram (EEG) mental imagery tasks [1-5]. Such tasks are cognitively demanding [1]; accordingly, recent studies support that fMRI command following in brain-injured patients associates with preserved cerebral metabolism and preserved sleep-wake EEG [5, 6]. We investigated the use of an EEG response that tracks the natural speech envelope (NSE) of spoken language [7-22] in healthy controls and brain-injured patients (vegetative state to emergence from minimally conscious state). As audition is typically preserved after brain injury, auditory paradigms may be preferred in searching for covert cognitive function [23-25]. NSE measures are obtained by cross-correlating EEG with the NSE. We compared NSE latencies and amplitudes with and without consideration of fMRI assessments. NSE latencies showed significant and progressive delay across diagnostic categories. Patients who could carry out fMRI-based mental imagery tasks showed no statistically significant difference in NSE latencies relative to healthy controls; this subgroup included patients without behavioral command following. The NSE may stratify patients with severe brain injuries and identify those patients demonstrating "cognitive motor dissociation" (CMD) [26] who show only covert evidence of command following utilizing neuroimaging or electrophysiological methods that demand high levels of cognitive function. Thus, the NSE is a passive measure that may provide a useful screening tool to improve detection of covert cognition with fMRI or other methods and improve stratification of patients with disorders of consciousness in research studies.
Collapse
|
38
|
Armanfard N, Komeili M, Reilly JP, Connolly JF. A Machine Learning Framework for Automatic and Continuous MMN Detection With Preliminary Results for Coma Outcome Prediction. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 23:1794-1804. [PMID: 30369457 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2018.2877738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that is elicited through an odd-ball paradigm. The existence of the MMN in a coma patient has a good correlation with coma emergence; however, this component can be difficult to detect. Previously, MMN detection was based on visual inspection of the averaged ERPs by a skilled clinician, a process that is expensive and not always feasible in practice. In this paper, we propose a practical machine learning (ML) based approach for detection of MMN component, thus, improving the accuracy of prediction of emergence from coma. Furthermore, the method can operate on an automatic and continuous basis thus alleviating the need for clinician involvement. The proposed method is capable of the MMN detection over intervals as short as two minutes. This finer time resolution enables identification of waxing and waning cycles of a conscious state. An auditory odd-ball paradigm was applied to 22 healthy subjects and 2 coma patients. A coma patient is tested by measuring the similarity of the patient's ERP responses with the aggregate healthy responses. Because the training process for measuring similarity requires only healthy subjects, the complexity and practicality of training procedure of the proposed method are greatly improved relative to training on coma patients directly. Since there are only two coma patients involved with this study, the results are reported on a very preliminary basis. Preliminary results indicate we can detect the MMN component with an accuracy of 92.7% on healthy subjects. The method successfully predicted emergence in both coma patients when conventional methods failed. The proposed method for collecting training data using exclusively healthy subjects is a novel approach that may prove useful in future, unrelated studies where ML methods are used.
Collapse
|
39
|
Masson R, Bidet-Caulet A. Fronto-central P3a to distracting sounds: An index of their arousing properties. Neuroimage 2018; 185:164-180. [PMID: 30336252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The P3a observed after novel events is an event-related potential comprising an early fronto-central phase and a late fronto-parietal phase. It has classically been considered to reflect the attention processing of distracting stimuli. However, novel sounds can lead to behavioral facilitation as much as behavioral distraction. This illustrates the duality of the orienting response which includes both an attentional and an arousal component. Using a paradigm with visual or auditory targets to detect and irrelevant unexpected distracting sounds to ignore, we showed that the facilitation effect by distracting sounds is independent of the target modality and endures more than 1500 ms. These results confirm that the behavioral facilitation observed after distracting sounds is related to an increase in unspecific phasic arousal on top of the attentional capture. Moreover, the amplitude of the early phase of the P3a to distracting sounds positively correlated with subjective arousal ratings, contrary to other event-related potentials. We propose that the fronto-central early phase of the P3a would index the arousing properties of distracting sounds and would be linked to the arousal component of the orienting response. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the P3a as a marker of distraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Masson
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France.
| | - Aurélie Bidet-Caulet
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Blume C, del Giudice R, Wislowska M, Heib DP, Schabus M. Standing sentinel during human sleep: Continued evaluation of environmental stimuli in the absence of consciousness. Neuroimage 2018; 178:638-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
A framework for the extended monitoring of levels of cognitive function in unresponsive patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200793. [PMID: 30024945 PMCID: PMC6053194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, prognostication of coma outcome currently combines behavioral, reflex, and possibly neuroimaging tests that are interpreted by an attending physician. Electroencephalography, particularly, event-related brain potentials (ERP) have received attention due to evidence demonstrating the positive predictive value of certain ERP including the mismatch negativity (MMN) and the P3a, for coma emergence. We describe a set of ERP paradigms designed to require and reflect increasing levels of cognitive processing with the added objective of determining the influence of each paradigm's context strength on its ability to elicit ERPs. These paradigms were then used without explicit instructions to participants to attend to the stimuli to determine which paradigms possessed sufficient context "strength" to elicit ERPs in the absence of active participation on the part of the subject; a circumstance often encountered in brain injury patients. These paradigms were then validated on two groups of adults-younger and older, and the difference due to active participation was validated on another group of younger adults. Results show that paradigms with stronger stimulus context features performed better than those with weaker contexts, and that older adults generally had significantly attenuated and delayed responses compared to younger adults. Based on these findings, it is recommended the use of the auditory oddball paradigm that includes novel stimuli to elicit the mismatch negativity and P300, and semantic violation sentences to elicit the N400. These findings also reinforce the procedure of instructing participants about the requirements of a protocol-regardless of the patient's diagnosis or apparent state-in order to help those who are able to attend to show the most robust responses possible.
Collapse
|
42
|
André-Obadia N, Zyss J, Gavaret M, Lefaucheur JP, Azabou E, Boulogne S, Guérit JM, McGonigal A, Merle P, Mutschler V, Naccache L, Sabourdy C, Trébuchon A, Tyvaert L, Vercueil L, Rohaut B, Delval A. Recommendations for the use of electroencephalography and evoked potentials in comatose patients. Neurophysiol Clin 2018; 48:143-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
43
|
Kempny AM, James L, Yelden K, Duport S, Farmer SF, Diane Playford E, Leff AP. Patients with a severe prolonged Disorder of Consciousness can show classical EEG responses to their own name compared with others' names. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:311-319. [PMID: 30013914 PMCID: PMC6044184 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients in Vegetative State (VS), also known as Unresponsive Wakefulness State (UWS) are deemed to be unaware of themselves or their environment. This is different from patients diagnosed with Minimally Conscious state (MCS), who can have intermittent awareness. In both states, there is a severe impairment of consciousness; these disorders are referred to as disorders of consciousness (DOC) and if the state is prolonged, pDOC. There is growing evidence that some patients who are behaviourally in VS/UWS can show neural activation to environmental stimuli and that this response can be detected using functional brain imaging (fMRI/PET) and electroencephalography (EEG). Recently, it has also been suggested that a more reliable detection of brain responsiveness and hence a more reliable differentiation between VS/UWS and MCS requires person-centred and person-specific stimuli, such as the subject's own name stimulus. In this study we obtained event related potential data (ERP) from 12 healthy subjects and 16 patients in pDOC, five of whom were in the VS/UWS and 11 in the Minimally Conscious State (MCS). We used as the ERP stimuli the subjects' own name, others' names and reversed other names. We performed a sensor level analysis using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software. Using this paradigm in 4 DOC patients (3 in MCS, and 1 in VS/UWS) we detected a statistically significant difference in EEG response to their own name versus other peoples' names with ERP latencies (~300 ms and ~700 ms post stimuli). Some of these differences were similar to those found in a control group of healthy subjects. This study shows the feasibility of using self-relevant stimuli such as a subject's own name for assessment of brain function in pDOC patients. This neurophysiological test is suitable for bed-side/hospital based assessment of pDOC patients. As it does not require sophisticated scanning equipment it can feasibly be used within a hospital or care setting to help professionals tailor medical and psycho-social management for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Kempny
- The Institute of Neuro-palliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London SW15 3SW, UK; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Leon James
- The Institute of Neuro-palliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London SW15 3SW, UK
| | - Kudret Yelden
- The Institute of Neuro-palliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London SW15 3SW, UK; Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sophie Duport
- The Institute of Neuro-palliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London SW15 3SW, UK
| | - Simon F Farmer
- The National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - E Diane Playford
- The Institute of Neuro-palliative Rehabilitation, Royal Hospital for Neuro-disability, London SW15 3SW, UK; Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander P Leff
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, WC1N 3AR London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Techniques of cognitive rehabilitation in patients with disorders of consciousness: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:641-645. [PMID: 29305661 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired brain injury can produce severe impairments of alertness, cognition, behavior, and, sometimes, an impairment of consciousness. Several studies defined the criteria to distinguish the different level of disorders of consciousness (DOC) and many tools to evaluate awareness, alertness, and response to stimuli were created. The aim of this review is to assess the advanced research of rehabilitative protocols and which rehabilitative techniques are used in the care of DOC patients.
Collapse
|
45
|
Woźniak M, Kourtis D, Knoblich G. Prioritization of arbitrary faces associated to self: An EEG study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190679. [PMID: 29293670 PMCID: PMC5749812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that people process preferentially self-related information such as an image of their own face. Furthermore, people rapidly incorporate stimuli into their self-representation even if these stimuli do not have an intrinsic relation to self. In the present study, we investigated the time course of the processes involved in preferential processing of self-related information. In two EEG experiments three unfamiliar faces were identified with verbal labels as either the participant, a friend, or a stranger. Afterwards, participants judged whether two stimuli presented in succession (ISI = 1500ms) matched. In experiment 1, faces were followed by verbal labels and in experiment 2, labels were followed by faces. Both experiments showed the same pattern of behavioral and electrophysiological results. If the first stimulus (face or label) was associated with self, reaction times were faster and the late frontal positivity following the first stimulus was more pronounced. The self-association of the second stimulus (label or face) did not affect response times. However, the central-parietal P3 following presentation of the second stimulus was more pronounced when the second stimulus was preceded by self-related first stimulus. These results indicate that even unfamiliar faces that are associated to self can activate a self-representation. Once the self-representation has been activated the processing of ensuing stimuli is facilitated, irrespective of whether they are associated with the self.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Woźniak
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Kourtis
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Günther Knoblich
- Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang Y, Song W, Du J, Huo S, Shan G, Li R. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness: Combined Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Evidence. Front Neurol 2017; 8:620. [PMID: 29209270 PMCID: PMC5702306 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The electrophysiological evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of multiple transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) sessions on consciousness improvement in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOCs) has not been firmly established. Objectives To assess the effects of repeated tDCS in patients with prolonged DOCs by Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) score and event-related potential (ERP). Method Using a sham-controlled randomized double-blind design, 26 patients were randomly assigned to either a real [five vegetative state (VS) and eight minimally conscious state (MCS) patients] or sham (six VS and seven MCS patients) stimulation group. The patients in the real stimulation group underwent 20 anodal tDCS sessions of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) over 10 consecutive working days. The CRS-R score and P300 amplitude and latency in a hierarchical cognitive assessment were recorded to evaluate the consciousness level before tDCS and immediately after the 20 sessions. Results The intra-group CRS-R analysis revealed a clinically significant improvement in the MCS patients in the real stimulation group. The inter-group CRS-R analysis showed a significant difference in CRS-R between VS and MCS patients at baseline in both the real and sham stimulation groups. The intra-group ERP analysis revealed a significant increase in P300 amplitude after tDCS in the MCS patients in the real stimulation group, but no significant differences in P300 latency. For the inter-group ERP analysis, we observed significant differences regarding the presence of P300 at baseline between the VS and MCS patients in both groups. Conclusion The repeated anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC could produce clinically significant improvements in MCS patients. The observed tDCS-related consciousness improvements might be related to improvements in attention resource allocation (reflected by the P300 amplitude). The findings support the use of tDCS in clinical practice and ERP might serve as an efficient electrophysiological assessment tool in patients with DOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqun Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jubao Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Su Huo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deschrijver E, Wiersema JR, Brass M. Action-based touch observation in adults with high functioning autism: Can compromised self-other distinction abilities link social and sensory everyday problems? Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:273-282. [PMID: 27613781 PMCID: PMC5390705 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Next to social problems, individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report severe sensory difficulties. Altered processing of touch is however a stronger mediator of social symptoms' severity than altered processing of for instance vision or audition. Why is this the case? We reasoned that sensory difficulties may be linked to social problems in ASD through insufficient self-other distinction centred on touch. We investigated by means of EEG whether the brain of adults with ASD adequately signals when a tactile consequence of an observed action does not match own touch, as compared to the brain of matched controls. We employed the action-based somatosensory congruency paradigm. Participants observed a human or wooden hand touching a surface, combined with a tap-like tactile sensation that either matched or mismatched the tactile consequence of the observed movement. The ASD group showed a diminished congruency effect for human hands only in the P3-complex, suggesting difficulties with signalling observed action-based touch of others that does not match own touch experiences. Crucially, this effect reliably correlated with self-reported social and sensory everyday difficulties in ASD. The findings might denote a novel theoretical link between sensory and social impairments in the autism spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan R Wiersema
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Peters SU, Katzenstein A, Jones D, Key AP. Distinguishing response to names in Rett and MECP2 Duplication syndrome: An ERP study of auditory social information processing. Brain Res 2017; 1675:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Kotchoubey B, Pavlov YG. Name conditioning in event-related brain potentials. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 145:129-134. [PMID: 28962839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Four experiments are reported in which two harmonic tones (CS+ and CS-) were paired with a participant's own name (SON) and different names (DN), respectively. A third tone was not paired with any other stimulus and served as a standard (frequent stimulus) in a three-stimuli oddball paradigm. The larger posterior positivity (P3) to SON than DN, found in previous studies, was replicated in all experiments. Conditioning of the P3 response was albeit observed in two similar experiments (1 and 3), but the obtained effects were weak and not identical in the two experiments. Only Experiment 4, where the number of CS/UCS pairings and the Stimulus-Onset Asynchrony between CS and UCS were increased, showed clear CS+/CS- differences both in time and time-frequency domains. Surprisingly, differential responses to CS+ and CS- were also obtained in Experiment 2, although SON and DN in that experiment were masked and never consciously recognized as meaningful words (recognition rate 0/63 participants). The results are discussed in the context of other ERP conditioning experiments and, particularly, the studies of non-conscious effect on ERP. Several further experiments are suggested to replicate and extend the present findings and to remove the remaining methodological limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kotchoubey
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Yuri G Pavlov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Armanfard N, Komeili M, Reilly JP, Mah R, Connolly JF. Automatic and continuous assessment of ERPs for mismatch negativity detection. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:969-972. [PMID: 28268485 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7590863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and fast detection of event related potential (ERP) components is an unresolved issue in neuroscience and critical health care. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a component of the ERP to an odd stimulus in a sequence of identical stimuli which has good correlation with coma awakening. All of the previous studies for MMN detection are based on visual inspection of the averaged ERPs (over a long recording time) by a skilled neurophysiologist. However, in practical situations, such an expert may not be available or familiar with all aspects of evoked potential methods. Further, we may miss important clinically essential events due to the implicit averaging process used to acquire the ERPs. In this paper we propose a practical machine learning approach for automatic and continuous assessment of the ERPs for detecting the presence of the MMN component. The proposed method is realized in a classification framework. Performance of the proposed method is demonstrated on 22 healthy subjects through a leave-one subject-out strategy where the MMN components are identified with about 93% accuracy.
Collapse
|