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Baltos JA, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Rollo B, Gregory KJ, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, May LT. The role of the adenosine system in epilepsy and its comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2143-2157. [PMID: 37076128 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most serious and common chronic neurological conditions, characterised by recurrent hypersynchronous electrical activity in the brain that lead to seizures. Despite over 50 million people being affected worldwide, only ~70% of people with epilepsy have their seizures successfully controlled with current pharmacotherapy, and many experience significant psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Adenosine, a ubiquitous purine metabolite, is a potent endogenous anti-epileptic substance that can abolish seizure activity via the adenosine A1 G protein-coupled receptor. Activation of A1 receptors decreases seizure activity in animal models, including models of drug-resistant epilepsy. Recent advances have increased our understanding of epilepsy comorbidities, highlighting the potential for adenosine receptors to modulate epilepsy-associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular dysfunction, sleep and cognition. This review provides an accessible resource of the current advances in understanding the adenosine system as a therapeutic target for epilepsy and epilepsy-associated comorbidities. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Rollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Valladão SC, França AP, Pandolfo P, Dos Santos-Rodrigues A. Adenosinergic system and nucleoside transporters in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current findings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105771. [PMID: 38880409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high heterogeneity that can affect individuals of any age. It is characterized by three main symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These neurobehavioral alterations and neurochemical and pharmacological findings are mainly attributed to unbalanced catecholaminergic signaling, especially involving dopaminergic pathways within prefrontal and striatal areas. Dopamine receptors and transporters are not solely implicated in this imbalance, as evidence indicates that the dopaminergic signaling is modulated by adenosine activity. To this extent, alterations in adenosinergic signaling are probably involved in ADHD. Here, we review the current knowledge about adenosine's role in the modulation of chemical, behavioral and cognitive parameters of ADHD, especially regarding dopaminergic signaling. Current literature usually links adenosine receptors signaling to the dopaminergic imbalance found in ADHD, but there is evidence that equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) could also be implicated as players in dopaminergic signaling alterations seen in ADHD, since their involvement in other neurobehavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Corrêa Valladão
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Angela Patricia França
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Brazil; Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Graduate Program of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program of Neurosciences and Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.
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Zhao Y, Zhou YG, Chen JF. Targeting the adenosine A 2A receptor for neuroprotection and cognitive improvement in traumatic brain injury and Parkinson's disease. Chin J Traumatol 2024; 27:125-133. [PMID: 37679245 PMCID: PMC11138351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine exerts its dual functions of homeostasis and neuromodulation in the brain by acting at mainly 2 G-protein coupled receptors, called A1 and A2A receptors. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonists have been clinically pursued for the last 2 decades, leading to final approval of the istradefylline, an A2AR antagonist, for the treatment of OFF-Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. The approval paves the way to develop novel therapeutic methods for A2AR antagonists to address 2 major unmet medical needs in PD and traumatic brain injury (TBI), namely neuroprotection or improving cognition. In this review, we first consider the evidence for aberrantly increased adenosine signaling in PD and TBI and the sufficiency of the increased A2AR signaling to trigger neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. We further discuss the increasing preclinical data on the reversal of cognitive deficits in PD and TBI by A2AR antagonists through control of degenerative proteins and synaptotoxicity, and on protection against TBI and PD pathologies by A2AR antagonists through control of neuroinflammation. Moreover, we provide the supporting evidence from multiple human prospective epidemiological studies which revealed an inverse relation between the consumption of caffeine and the risk of developing PD and cognitive decline in aging population and Alzheimer's disease patients. Collectively, the convergence of clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the validity of A2AR as a new therapeutic target and facilitates the design of A2AR antagonists in clinical trials for disease-modifying and cognitive benefit in PD and TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Tests for learning and memory in rodent regulatory studies. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100151. [PMID: 38304257 PMCID: PMC10832385 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, regulatory guidelines for safety assessment in rodents for drugs, chemicals, pesticides, and food additives with developmental neurotoxic potential have recommended a single test of learning and memory (L&M). In recent years some agencies have requested two such tests. Given the importance of higher cognitive function to health, and the fact that different types of L&M are mediated by different brain regions assessing higher functions represents a step forward in providing better evidence-based protection against adverse brain effects. Given the myriad of tests available for assessing L&M in rodents this leads to the question of which tests best fit regulatory guidelines. To address this question, we begin by describing the central role of two types of L&M essential to all mammalian species and the regions/networks that mediate them. We suggest that the tests recommended possess characteristics that make them well suited to the needs in regulatory safety studies. By brain region, these are (1) the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex for spatial navigation, which assesses explicit L&M for reference and episodic memory and (2) the striatum and related structures for egocentric navigation, which assesses implicit or procedural memory and path integration. Of the tests available, we suggest that in this context, the evidence supports the use of water mazes, specifically, the Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial L&M and the Cincinnati water maze (CWM) for egocentric/procedural L&M. We review the evidentiary basis for these tests, describe their use, and explain procedures that optimize their sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V. Vorhees
- Corresponding author at: Div. of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Garcia CP, Licht-Murava A, Orr AG. Effects of adenosine A 2A receptors on cognitive function in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:121-154. [PMID: 37741689 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors have been studied extensively in the context of motor function and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In addition to these roles, A2A receptors have also been increasingly implicated in cognitive function and cognitive impairments in diverse conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, acute brain injury, and stress. We review the roles of A2A receptors in cognitive processes in health and disease, focusing primarily on the effects of reducing or enhancing A2A expression levels or activities in animal models. Studies reveal that A2A receptors in neurons and astrocytes modulate multiple aspects of cognitive function, including memory and motivation. Converging evidence also indicates that A2A receptor levels and activities are aberrantly increased in aging, acute brain injury, and chronic disorders, and these increases contribute to neurocognitive impairments. Therapeutically targeting A2A receptors with selective modulators may alleviate cognitive deficits in diverse neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Further research on the exact neural mechanisms of these effects as well as the efficacy of selective A2A modulators on cognitive alterations in humans are important areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia P Garcia
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Pharmacology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avital Licht-Murava
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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Singer P, Yee BK. The adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia into its third decade: From neurochemical imbalance to early life etiological risks. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1120532. [PMID: 36998267 PMCID: PMC10043328 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1120532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenosine hypothesis of schizophrenia was conceptualized about two decades ago in an attempt to integrate two prominent theories of neurochemical imbalance that attribute the pathogenesis of schizophrenia to hyperfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurotransmission and hypofunction of cortical glutamate neurotransmission. Given its unique position as an endogenous modulator of both dopamine and glutamate signaling in the brain, adenosine was postulated as a potential new drug target to achieve multiple antipsychotic actions. This new strategy may offer hope for improving treatment, especially in alleviating negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia that do not respond to current medications. To date, however, the adenosine hypothesis has yet led to any significant therapeutic breakthroughs. Here, we address two possible reasons for the impasse. First, neither the presence of adenosine functional deficiency in people with schizophrenia nor its causal relationship to symptom production has been satisfactorily examined. Second, the lack of novel adenosine-based drugs also impedes progress. This review updates the latest preclinical and clinical data pertinent to the construct validity of the adenosine hypothesis and explores novel molecular processes whereby dysregulation of adenosine signaling could be linked to the etiology of schizophrenia. It is intended to stimulate and revitalize research into the adenosine hypothesis towards the development of a new and improved generation of antipsychotic drugs that has eluded us for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Singer
- Roche Diagnostics International AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Philipp Singer Benjamin K. Yee
| | - Benjamin K. Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Philipp Singer Benjamin K. Yee
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The Pharmacological Potential of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists for Treating Parkinson's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072366. [PMID: 35408767 PMCID: PMC9000505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor subtype is recognized as a non-dopaminergic pharmacological target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The selective A2A receptor antagonist istradefylline is approved in the US and Japan as an adjunctive treatment to levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitors in adults with PD experiencing OFF episodes or a wearing-off phenomenon; however, the full potential of this drug class remains to be explored. In this article, we review the pharmacology of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists from the perspective of the treatment of both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD and their potential for disease modification.
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8
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Xu Y, Ning Y, Zhao Y, Peng Y, Luo F, Zhou Y, Li P. Caffeine Functions by Inhibiting Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Adenosine 2A Receptors to Modulate Memory and Anxiety, Respectively. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807330. [PMID: 35185566 PMCID: PMC8847668 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a nonspecific antagonist of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), caffeine enhances learning and improves memory impairment. Simultaneously, the consumption of caffeine correlates with a feeling of anxiety. The hippocampus is functionally differentiated along its dorsal/ventral axis and plays a crucial role both in memory and anxiety. Whether caffeine exerts its regulation by inhibiting A2ARs in different subregions of the hippocampus is still unknown. In the present study, we found that after chronic intake of drinking water containing caffeine (1 g/L, 3 weeks), mice exhibited aggravated anxiety-like behavior and enhanced memory function. Tissue-specific, functional disruption of dorsal hippocampal A2ARs by the CRE-LoxP system prevented the memory-enhancing effect of caffeine, while selective disruption of ventral hippocampal A2ARs blocked the impact of caffeine on anxiety. These results, together with the enhanced memory of dorsal hippocampus A2AR knockout mice and greater anxiety-like behavior of ventral hippocampus A2AR knockout mice without caffeine, indicates a dissociation between the roles of ventral and dorsal hippocampal A2A receptors in caffeine’s effects on anxiety-like and memory-related behavioral measures, respectively. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of dorsal or ventral hippocampal A2ARs reversed the behavioral alterations caused by drinking caffeine, leading to impaired memory or decreased anxiety-like behaviors, respectively. Taken together, our findings suggest that the memory- and anxiety-enhancing effects of caffeine are related to the differential effects of inhibiting A2ARs in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yalei Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Department of Army Occupational Disease, The Molecular Biology Center, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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9
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Siddique Y. Neurodegenerative Disorders and the Current State, Pathophysiology, and Management of Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:574-595. [PMID: 34477534 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210903101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, major knowledge has been gained about pathophysiological aspects and molecular pathways behind Parkinson's Disease (PD). Based on neurotoxicological studies and postmortem investigations, there is a general concept of how environmental toxicants (neurotoxins, pesticides, insecticides) and genetic factors (genetic mutations in PD-associated proteins) cause depletion of dopamine from substantia nigra pars compacta region of the midbrain and modulate cellular processes leading to the pathogenesis of PD. α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein accumulation in oligomeric form, called protofibrils, is associated with cellular dysfunction and neuronal death, thus possibly contributing to PD propagation. With advances made in identifying loci that contribute to PD, molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis are now clear, and introducing therapeutic strategy at the right time may delay the progression. Biomarkers for PD have helped monitor PD progression; therefore, personalized therapeutic strategies can be facilitated. In order to further improve PD diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, independent validation of biomarkers is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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10
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He Y, Huang L, Wang K, Pan X, Cai Q, Zhang F, Yang J, Fang G, Zhao X, You F, Feng Y, Li Y, Chen JF. α-Synuclein Selectively Impairs Motor Sequence Learning and Value Sensitivity: Reversal by the Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:808-823. [PMID: 34339491 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized pathologically by alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates and clinically by the motor as well as cognitive deficits, including impairments in sequence learning and habit learning. Using intracerebral injection of WT and A53T mutant α-Syn fibrils, we investigate the behavioral mechanism of α-Syn for procedure-learning deficit in PD by critically determining the α-Syn-induced effects on model-based goal-directed behavior, model-free (probability-based) habit learning, and hierarchically organized sequence learning. 1) Contrary to the widely held view of habit-learning deficit in early PD, α-Syn aggregates in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) did not affect acquisition of habit learning, but selectively impaired goal-directed behavior with reduced value sensitivity. 2) α-Syn in the DLS (but not DMS) and SNc selectively impaired the sequence learning by affecting sequence initiation with the reduced first-step accuracy. 3) Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist KW6002 selectively improved sequence learning by preferentially improving sequence initiation and shift of sequence learning as well as behavioral reactivity. These findings established a casual role of α-Syn in the SN-DLS pathway in sequence-learning deficit and DMS α-Syn in goal-directed behavior deficit and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy to improve sequence-learning deficit in PD with enhanced sequence initiation by A2AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Linshan Huang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xinran Pan
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qionghui Cai
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Gengjing Fang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feng You
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yijia Feng
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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11
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Alçada-Morais S, Gonçalves N, Moreno-Juan V, Andres B, Ferreira S, Marques JM, Magalhães J, Rocha JMM, Xu X, Partidário M, Cunha RA, López-Bendito G, Rodrigues RJ. Adenosine A2A Receptors Contribute to the Radial Migration of Cortical Projection Neurons through the Regulation of Neuronal Polarization and Axon Formation. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5652-5663. [PMID: 34184030 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical interneurons born in the subpallium reach the cortex through tangential migration, whereas pyramidal cells reach their final position by radial migration. Purinergic signaling via P2Y1 receptors controls the migration of intermediate precursor cells from the ventricular zone to the subventricular zone. It was also reported that the blockade of A2A receptors (A2AR) controls the tangential migration of somatostatin+ interneurons. Here we found that A2AR control radial migration of cortical projection neurons. In A2AR-knockout (KO) mouse embryos or naïve mouse embryos exposed to an A2AR antagonist, we observed an accumulation of early-born migrating neurons in the lower intermediate zone at late embryogenesis. In utero knockdown of A2AR also caused an accumulation of neurons at the lower intermediate zone before birth. This entails the presently identified ability of A2AR to promote multipolar-bipolar transition and axon formation, critical for the transition of migrating neurons from the intermediate zone to the cortical plate. This effect seems to require extracellular ATP-derived adenosine since a similar accumulation of neurons at the lower intermediate zone was observed in mice lacking ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73-KO). These findings frame adenosine as a fine-tune regulator of the wiring of cortical inhibitory and excitatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Alçada-Morais
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | | | - Belén Andres
- Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Joana M Marques
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - João M M Rocha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Xinli Xu
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
| | - Matilde Partidário
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo J Rodrigues
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-789, Portugal
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12
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Ren X, Chen JF. Caffeine and Parkinson's Disease: Multiple Benefits and Emerging Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:602697. [PMID: 33390888 PMCID: PMC7773776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.602697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor impairment and non-motor symptoms. Epidemiological and experimental investigations into potential risk factors have firmly established that dietary factor caffeine, the most-widely consumed psychoactive substance, may exerts not only neuroprotective but a motor and non-motor (cognitive) benefits in PD. These multi-benefits of caffeine in PD are supported by convergence of epidemiological and animal evidence. At least six large prospective epidemiological studies have firmly established a relationship between increased caffeine consumption and decreased risk of developing PD. In addition, animal studies have also demonstrated that caffeine confers neuroprotection against dopaminergic neurodegeneration using PD models of mitochondrial toxins (MPTP, 6-OHDA, and rotenone) and expression of α-synuclein (α-Syn). While caffeine has complex pharmacological profiles, studies with genetic knockout mice have clearly revealed that caffeine’s action is largely mediated by the brain adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and confer neuroprotection by modulating neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and mitochondrial function. Interestingly, recent studies have highlighted emerging new mechanisms including caffeine modulation of α-Syn degradation with enhanced autophagy and caffeine modulation of gut microbiota and gut-brain axis in PD models. Importantly, since the first clinical trial in 2003, United States FDA has finally approved clinical use of the A2AR antagonist istradefylline for the treatment of PD with OFF-time in Sept. 2019. To realize therapeutic potential of caffeine in PD, genetic study of caffeine and risk genes in human population may identify useful pharmacogenetic markers for predicting individual responses to caffeine in PD clinical trials and thus offer a unique opportunity for “personalized medicine” in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Ren
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Lopes CR, Lourenço VS, Tomé ÂR, Cunha RA, Canas PM. Use of knockout mice to explore CNS effects of adenosine. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114367. [PMID: 33333075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The initial exploration using pharmacological tools of the role of adenosine receptors in the brain, concluded that adenosine released as such acted on A1R to inhibit excitability and glutamate release from principal neurons throughout the brain and that adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) were striatal-'specific' receptors controlling dopamine D2R. This indicted A1R as potential controllers of neurodegeneration and A2AR of psychiatric conditions. Global knockout of these two receptors questioned the key role of A1R and instead identified extra-striatal A2AR as robust controllers of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, transgenic lines with altered metabolic sources of adenosine revealed a coupling of ATP-derived adenosine to activate A2AR and a role of A1R as a hurdle to initiate neurodegeneration. Additionally, cell-selective knockout of A2AR unveiled the different roles of A2AR in different cell types (neurons/astrocytes) in different portions of the striatal circuits (dorsal versus lateral) and in different brain areas (hippocampus/striatum). Finally, a new transgenic mouse line with deletion of all adenosine receptors seems to indicate a major allostatic rather than homeostatic role of adenosine and may allow isolating P2R-mediated responses to unravel their role in the brain, a goal close to heart of Geoffrey Burnstock, to whom we affectionately dedicate this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia R Lopes
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa S Lourenço
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ângelo R Tomé
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Chen JF, Cunha RA. The belated US FDA approval of the adenosine A 2A receptor antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:167-174. [PMID: 32236790 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After more than two decades of preclinical and clinical studies, on August 27, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist Nourianz® (istradefylline) developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., Japan, as an add-on treatment to levodopa in Parkinson's disease (PD) with "OFF" episodes. This milestone achievement is the culmination of the decade-long clinical studies of the effects of istradefylline in more than 4000 PD patients. Istradefylline is the first non-dopaminergic drug approved by FDA for PD in the last two decades. This approval also provides some important lessons to be remembered, namely, concerning disease-specific adenosine signaling and targeting subpopulation of PD patients. Importantly, this approval paves the way to foster entirely novel therapeutic opportunities for adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, such as neuroprotection or reversal of mood and cognitive deficits in PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Temido-Ferreira M, Coelho JE, Pousinha PA, Lopes LV. Novel Players in the Aging Synapse: Impact on Cognition. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019; 9:104-127. [PMID: 31559391 PMCID: PMC6761599 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While neuronal loss has long been considered as the main contributor to age-related cognitive decline, these alterations are currently attributed to gradual synaptic dysfunction driven by calcium dyshomeostasis and alterations in ionotropic/metabotropic receptors. Given the key role of the hippocampus in encoding, storage, and retrieval of memory, the morpho- and electrophysiological alterations that occur in the major synapse of this network-the glutamatergic-deserve special attention. We guide you through the hippocampal anatomy, circuitry, and function in physiological context and focus on alterations in neuronal morphology, calcium dynamics, and plasticity induced by aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We provide state-of-the art knowledge on glutamatergic transmission and discuss implications of these novel players for intervention. A link between regular consumption of caffeine-an adenosine receptor blocker-to decreased risk of AD in humans is well established, while the mechanisms responsible have only now been uncovered. We review compelling evidence from humans and animal models that implicate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) upsurge as a crucial mediator of age-related synaptic dysfunction. The relevance of this mechanism in patients was very recently demonstrated in the form of a significant association of the A2AR-encoding gene with hippocampal volume (synaptic loss) in mild cognitive impairment and AD. Novel pathways implicate A2AR in the control of mGluR5-dependent NMDAR activation and subsequent Ca2+ dysfunction upon aging. The nature of this receptor makes it particularly suited for long-term therapies, as an alternative for regulating aberrant mGluR5/NMDAR signaling in aging and disease, without disrupting their crucial constitutive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Temido-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana E. Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Pousinha
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRS UMR7275, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Luísa V. Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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16
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Morató X, Gonçalves FQ, Lopes JP, Jauregui O, Soler C, Fernández-Dueñas V, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Chronic adenosine A 2A receptor blockade induces locomotor sensitization and potentiates striatal LTD IN GPR37-deficient mice. J Neurochem 2019; 148:796-809. [PMID: 30578680 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) play a key role in modulating dopamine-dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2A R blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. Since the orphan receptor GPR37 has been shown to modulate A2A R function in vivo, we aimed to test whether the A2A R-mediated sensitization of locomotor activity is GPR37-dependent and involves adaptations of synaptic plasticity. To this end, we administered a selective A2A R antagonist, SCH58261 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), daily for 14 days, and the locomotor sensitization, striatum-dependent cued learning, and corticostriatal synaptic plasticity (i.e., long-term depression) were compared in wild-type and GPR37-/- mice. Notably, GPR37 deletion promoted A2A R-associated locomotor sensitization but not striatum-dependent cued learning revealed upon chronic SCH58261 treatment of mice. Furthermore, chronic A2A R blockade potentiated striatal long-term depression in corticostriatal synapses of GPR37-/- but not of wild-type mice, thus correlating well with neurochemical alterations of the adenosinergic system. Overall, these results revealed the importance of GPR37 regulating A2A R-dependent locomotor sensitization and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia circuitry. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Jauregui
- Scientific and Technological Centers of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepció Soler
- Unitat d'Immunologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Leffa DT, Pandolfo P, Gonçalves N, Machado NJ, de Souza CM, Real JI, Silva AC, Silva HB, Köfalvi A, Cunha RA, Ferreira SG. Adenosine A 2A Receptors in the Rat Prelimbic Medial Prefrontal Cortex Control Delay-Based Cost-Benefit Decision Making. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:475. [PMID: 30618621 PMCID: PMC6306464 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) were recently described to control synaptic plasticity and network activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We now probed the role of these PFC A2AR by evaluating the behavioral performance (locomotor activity, anxiety-related behavior, cost-benefit decision making and working memory) of rats upon downregulation of A2AR selectively in the prelimbic medial PFC (PLmPFC) via viral small hairpin RNA targeting the A2AR (shA2AR). The most evident alteration observed in shA2AR-treated rats, when compared to sh-control (shCTRL)-treated rats, was a decrease in the choice of the large reward upon an imposed delay of 15 s assessed in a T-maze-based cost-benefit decision-making paradigm, suggestive of impulsive decision making. Spontaneous locomotion in the open field was not altered, suggesting no changes in exploratory behavior. Furthermore, rats treated with shA2AR in the PLmPFC also displayed a tendency for higher anxiety levels in the elevated plus maze (less entries in the open arms), but not in the open field test (time spent in the center was not affected). Finally, working memory performance was not significantly altered, as revealed by the spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and the latency to reach the platform in the repeated trial Morris water maze. These findings constitute the first direct demonstration of a role of PFC A2AR in the control of behavior in physiological conditions, showing their major contribution for the control of delay-based cost-benefit decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas T Leffa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pandolfo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Neurobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno J Machado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina M de Souza
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Joana I Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António C Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Attila Köfalvi
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Real JI, Simões AP, Cunha RA, Ferreira SG, Rial D. Adenosine A 2A receptors modulate the dopamine D 2 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:1127-1134. [PMID: 29570875 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits are modulated by dopamine acting on D1 - and D2 -like receptors, which are pharmacologically exploited to manage neuropsychiatric conditions. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) also control PFC-related responses and A2A R antagonists are potential anti-psychotic drugs. As tight antagonistic A2A R-D2 R and synergistic A2A R-D1 R interactions occur in other brain regions, we now investigated the crosstalk between A2A R and D1 /D2 R controlling synaptic transmission between layers II/III and V in mouse PFC coronal slices. Dopamine decreased synaptic transmission, a presynaptic effect based on the parallel increase in paired-pulse responses. Dopamine inhibition was prevented by the D2 R-like antagonist sulpiride but not by the D1 R antagonist SCH23390 and was mimicked by the D2 R agonist sumanirole, but not by the agonists of either D4 R (A-412997) or D3 R (PD128907). Dopamine inhibition was prevented by the A2A R antagonist, SCH58261, and attenuated in A2A R knockout mice. Accordingly, triple-labelling immunocytochemistry experiments revealed the co-localization of A2A R and D2 R immunoreactivity in glutamatergic (vGluT1-positive) nerve terminals of the PFC. This reported positive A2A R-D2 R interaction controlling PFC synaptic transmission provides a mechanistic justification for the anti-psychotic potential of A2A R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo I, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo I, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo I, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo I, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Polo I, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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19
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Kerkhofs A, Canas PM, Timmerman AJ, Heistek TS, Real JI, Xavier C, Cunha RA, Mansvelder HD, Ferreira SG. Adenosine A 2A Receptors Control Glutamatergic Synaptic Plasticity in Fast Spiking Interneurons of the Prefrontal Cortex. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:133. [PMID: 29615897 PMCID: PMC5869254 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are activated upon increased synaptic activity to assist in the implementation of long-term plastic changes at synapses. While it is reported that A2AR are involved in the control of prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent behavior such as working memory, reversal learning and effort-based decision making, it is not known whether A2AR control glutamatergic synapse plasticity within the medial PFC (mPFC). To elucidate that, we tested whether A2AR blockade affects long-term plasticity (LTP) of excitatory post-synaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons and fast spiking (FS) interneurons in layer 5 of the mPFC and of population spikes. Our results show that A2AR are enriched at mPFC synapses, where their blockade reversed the direction of plasticity at excitatory synapses onto layer 5 FS interneurons from LTP to long-term depression, while their blockade had no effect on the induction of LTP at excitatory synapses onto layer 5 pyramidal neurons. At the network level, extracellularly induced LTP of population spikes was reduced by A2AR blockade. The interneuron-specificity of A2AR in controlling glutamatergic synapse LTP may ensure that during periods of high synaptic activity, a proper excitation/inhibition balance is maintained within the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Kerkhofs
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A J Timmerman
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joana I Real
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Xavier
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samira G Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Li Z, Chen X, Wang T, Gao Y, Li F, Chen L, Xue J, He Y, Li Y, Guo W, Zheng W, Zhang L, Ye F, Ren X, Feng Y, Chan P, Chen JF. The Corticostriatal Adenosine A 2A Receptor Controls Maintenance and Retrieval of Spatial Working Memory. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:530-541. [PMID: 28941549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory (WM) taps into multiple executive processes including encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of information, but the molecular and circuit modulation of these WM processes remains undefined due to the lack of methods to control G protein-coupled receptor signaling with temporal resolution of seconds. METHODS By coupling optogenetic control of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, the Cre-loxP-mediated focal A2AR knockdown with a delayed non-match-to-place (DNMTP) task, we investigated the effect of optogenetic activation and focal knockdown of A2ARs in the dorsomedial striatum (n = 8 to 14 per group) and medial prefrontal cortex (n = 16 to 22 per group) on distinct executive processes of spatial WM. We also evaluated the therapeutic effect of the A2AR antagonist KW6002 on delayed match-to-sample/place tasks in 6 normal and 6 MPTP-treated cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS Optogenetic activation of striatopallidal A2ARs in the dorsomedial striatum selectively at the delay and choice (not sample) phases impaired DNMTP performance. Optogenetic activation of A2ARs in the medial prefrontal cortex selectively at the delay (not sample or choice) phase improved DNMTP performance. The corticostriatal A2AR control of spatial WM was specific for a novel but not well-trained DNMTP task. Focal dorsomedial striatum A2AR knockdown or KW6002 improved DNMTP performance in mice. Last, KW6002 improved spatial WM in delayed match-to-sample and delayed match-to-place tasks of normal and dopamine-depleted cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSIONS The A2ARs in striatopallidal and medial prefrontal cortex neurons exert distinctive control of WM maintenance and retrieval to achieve cognitive stability and flexibility. The procognitive effect of KW6002 in nonhuman primates provides the preclinical data to translate A2AR antagonists for improving cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Ye
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Ren
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies, Nanning, China; Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Wincon TheraCells Biotechnologies, Nanning, China; Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Pharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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21
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Chen PZ, He WJ, Zhu ZR, E GJ, Xu G, Chen DW, Gao YQ. Adenosine A 2A receptor involves in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive decline through activating microglia under acute hypobaric hypoxia. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:99-107. [PMID: 29501623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) at high altitudes leads to a wide range of cognitive impairments which can handicap human normal activities and performances. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) of the brain are pivotal to synaptic plasticity and cognition. Besides, insult-induced up-regulation of A2AR regulates neuroinflammation and therefore induces brain damages in various neuropathological processes. The present study was designed to determine whether A2AR-mediate neuroinflammation involves in cognitive impairments under acute HH. A2AR knock-out and wild-type male mice were exposed to a simulated altitude of 8000 m for 7 consecutive days in a hypobaric chamber and simultaneously received behavioral tests including Morris water maze test and open filed test. A2AR expression, the activation of microglia and the production of TNF-α were evaluated in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry and ELISA, respectively. Behavioral tests showed that acute HH exposure caused the dysfunction of spatial memory and mood, while genetic inactivation of A2AR attenuated the impairment of spatial memory but not that of mood. Double-labeled immunofluorescence showed that A2ARs were mainly expressed on microglia and up-regulated in the hippocampus of acute HH model mice. Acute HH also induced the accumulation of microglia and increased production of TNF-α in the hippocampus, which could be markedly inhibited by A2AR inactivation. These findings indicate that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation triggered by A2AR activation involves in acute HH-induced spatial memory impairment and that A2AR could be a new target for the pharmacotherapy of cognitive dysfunction at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Juan He
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Ji E
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environmental Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Impact of Coffee and Cacao Purine Metabolites on Neuroplasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:214-227. [PMID: 29417473 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that regular consumption of coffee, tea and dark chocolate (cacao) can promote brain health and may reduce the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, the complex array of phytochemicals in coffee and cacao beans and tea leaves has hindered a clear understanding of the component(s) that affect neuronal plasticity and resilience. One class of phytochemicals present in relatively high amounts in coffee, tea and cacao are methylxanthines. Among such methylxanthines, caffeine has been the most widely studied and has clear effects on neuronal network activity, promotes sustained cognitive performance and can protect neurons against dysfunction and death in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Caffeine's mechanism of action relies on antagonism of various subclasses of adenosine receptors. Downstream xanthine metabolites, such as theobromine and theophylline, may also contribute to the beneficial effects of coffee, tea and cacao on brain health.
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23
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Serrano Sponton LE, Soria GJ, Dubroqua S, Singer P, Feldon J, Gargiulo PA, Yee BK. Negative transfer effects between reference memory and working memory training in the water maze in C57BL/6 mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 339:286-296. [PMID: 29102592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The water maze is one of the most widely employed spatial learning paradigms in the cognitive profiling of genetically modified mice. Oftentimes, tests of reference memory (RM) and working memory (WM) in the water maze are sequentially evaluated in the same animals. However, critical difference in the rules governing efficient escape from the water between WM and RM tests is expected to promote the adoption of incompatible mnemonic or navigational strategies. Hence, performance in a given test is likely poorer if it follows the other test instead of being conducted first. Yet, the presence of such negative transfer effects (or proactive interference) between WM and RM training in the water maze is often overlooked in the literature. To gauge whether this constitutes a serious concern, the present study determined empirically the magnitude, persistence, and directionality of the transfer effect in wild-type C57BL/6 mice. We contrasted the order of tests between two cohorts of mice. Performance between the two cohorts in the WM and RM tests were then separately compared. We showed that prior training of either test significantly reduced performance in the subsequent one. The statistical effect sizes in both directions were moderate to large. Although extended training could overcome the deficit, it could re-emerge later albeit in a more transient fashion. Whenever RM and WM water maze tests are conducted sequentially in the same animals - regardless of the test order, extra caution is necessary when interpreting the outcomes in the second test. Counterbalancing test orders between animals is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ezequiel Serrano Sponton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mainz University Hospital, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Jose Soria
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Sylvain Dubroqua
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Philipp Singer
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Roche Diagnostics, Hoffman-La Roche, CH-6343, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Joram Feldon
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Pascual A Gargiulo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias y Psicología Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamin K Yee
- Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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24
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Yang Q, Song D, Qing H. Neural changes in Alzheimer's disease from circuit to molecule: Perspective of optogenetics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:110-118. [PMID: 28522119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a crucial neurodegenerative disorder, affects neural activities at many levels. Synaptic plasticity and neural circuits are most susceptible in AD, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. Optogenetic tools provide unprecedented spatio-temporal specificity to stimulate specific neural circuits or synaptic molecules to reveal the precise function of normal brain and mechanism of deficits in AD models. Furthermore, using optogenetics to stimulate neurons can rescue learning and memory loss caused by AD. It also has possibility to use light to control the Neurotransmitter receptors and their downstream signal pathway. These technical methods have broad therapeutic application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghu Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Da Song
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Hong Qing
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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25
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Zhao ZA, Zhao Y, Ning YL, Yang N, Peng Y, Li P, Chen XY, Liu D, Wang H, Chen X, Bai W, Chen JF, Zhou YG. Adenosine A 2A receptor inactivation alleviates early-onset cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury involving an inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1123. [PMID: 28485728 PMCID: PMC5534966 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, and the oligomeric and hyperphosphorylated forms of tau are increased significantly after neurotrauma and considered important factors in mediating cognitive dysfunction. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors, either by caffeine or gene knockout (KO), alleviates cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We postulated that A2AR activation exacerbates cognitive impairment via promoting tau hyperphosphorylation. Using a mouse model of moderate controlled cortical impact, we showed that TBI induced hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and spatial memory deficiency in the Morris water maze test at 7 days and 4 weeks after TBI. Importantly, pharmacological blockade (A2AR antagonist ZM241385 or non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine) or genetic inactivation of A2ARs reduced the level of tau phosphorylation at Ser404 and alleviated spatial memory dysfunction. The A2AR control of p-tau is further supported by the observations that a KO of A2AR decreased the activity of the tau phosphorylation kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and protein kinase A (PKA) after TBI, and by that CGS21680 (A2AR agonist) exacerbated okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. Lastly, CGS21680-induced neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation and axonal injury were effectively alleviated by individual treatments with ZM241385 (A2AR antagonist), H89 (PKA antagonist) and SB216763 (GSK-3β antagonist), or by the combined treatment with H89 and SB216763. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby A2AR activation triggers cognitive dysfunction by increasing the phosphorylation level of tau protein after TBI and suggest a promising therapeutic and prophylactic strategy by targeting aberrant A2AR signaling via tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-A Zhao
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-L Ning
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Peng
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P Li
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-Y Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - D Liu
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Bai
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J-F Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y-G Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. E-mail: or
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26
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López-Cruz L, Carbó-Gas M, Pardo M, Bayarri P, Valverde O, Ledent C, Salamone JD, Correa M. Adenosine A 2A receptor deletion affects social behaviors and anxiety in mice: Involvement of anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2017; 321:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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van Waarde A, Dierckx RAJO, Zhou X, Khanapur S, Tsukada H, Ishiwata K, Luurtsema G, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Ligands and Opportunities for A 2A Receptor Imaging. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:5-56. [PMID: 28128443 DOI: 10.1002/med.21432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A Rs) are highly expressed in the human striatum, and at lower densities in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and cells of the immune system. Antagonists of these receptors are potentially useful for the treatment of motor fluctuations, epilepsy, postischemic brain damage, or cognitive impairment, and for the control of an immune checkpoint during immunotherapy of cancer. A2A R agonists may suppress transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease; be used to treat inflammatory disorders such as asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis; be locally applied to promote wound healing and be employed in a strategy for transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) so that therapeutic drugs and monoclonal antibodies can enter the brain. Increasing A2A R signaling in adipose tissue is also a potential strategy to combat obesity. Several radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of A2A Rs have been developed in recent years. This review article presents a critical overview of the potential therapeutic applications of A2A R ligands, the use of A2A R imaging in drug development, and opportunities and limitations of PET imaging in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aren van Waarde
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shivashankar Khanapur
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8052, Japan.,Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Ning YL, Yang N, Chen X, Zhao ZA, Zhang XZ, Chen XY, Li P, Zhao Y, Zhou YG. Chronic caffeine exposure attenuates blast-induced memory deficit in mice. Chin J Traumatol 2017; 18:204-11. [PMID: 26764541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of three different ways of chronic caffeine administration on blast- induced memory dysfunction and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used and randomly divided into five groups: control: without blast exposure, con-water: administrated with water continuously before and after blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), con-caffeine: administrated with caffeine continuously for 1 month before and after bTBI, pre-caffeine: chronically administrated with caffeine for 1 month before bTBI and withdrawal after bTBI, post-caffeine: chronically administrated with caffeine after bTBI. After being subjected to moderate intensity of blast injury, mice were recorded for learning and memory performance using Morris water maze (MWM) paradigms at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-blast injury. Neurological deficit scoring, glutamate concentration, proinflammatory cytokines production, and neuropathological changes at 24 h, 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-bTBI were examined to evaluate the brain injury in early and prolonged stages. Adenosine A1 receptor expression was detected using qPCR. RESULTS All of the three ways of chronic caffeine exposure ameliorated blast-induced memory deficit, which is correlated with the neuroprotective effects against excitotoxicity, inflammation, astrogliosis and neuronal loss at different stages of injury. Continuous caffeine treatment played positive roles in both early and prolonged stages of bTBI; pre-bTBI and post-bTBI treatment of caffeine tended to exert neuroprotective effects at early and prolonged stages of bTBI respectively. Up-regulation of adenosine A1 receptor expression might contribute to the favorable effects of chronic caffeine consumption. CONCLUSION Since caffeinated beverages are widely consumed in both civilian and military personnel and are convenient to get, the results may provide a promising prophylactic strategy for blast-induced neurotrauma and the consequent cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Ning
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital,Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Hu Q, Ren X, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Chen X, He C, Chen JF. Aberrant adenosine A2A receptor signaling contributes to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:213-23. [PMID: 27342081 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathy is characterized by abnormal accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn)-positive cytoplasmic inclusions and by neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments, but the pathogenesis mechanism of synucleinopathy remains to be defined. Using a transmission model of synucleinopathy by intracerebral injection of preformed A53T α-Syn fibrils, we investigated whether aberrant adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling contributed to pathogenesis of synucleinopathy. We demonstrated that intra-hippocampal injection of preformed mutant α-Syn fibrils triggered a striking and selective induction of A2AR expression which was closely co-localized with pSer129 α-Syn-rich inclusions in neurons and glial cells of hippocampus. Importantly, by abolishing aberrant A2AR signaling triggered by mutant α-Syn, genetic deletion of A2ARs blunted a cascade of pathological events leading to synucleinopathy, including pSer129 α-Syn-rich and p62-positive aggregates, NF-κB activation and astrogliosis, apoptotic neuronal cell death and working memory deficits without affecting motor activity. These findings define α-Syn-triggered aberrant A2AR signaling as a critical pathogenesis mechanism of synucleinopathy with dual controls of cognition and neurodegeneration by modulating α-Syn aggregates. Thus, aberrant A2AR signaling represents a useful biomarker as well as a therapeutic target of synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Hu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Ren
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ya Liu
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjun Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoxiang He
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
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30
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Meirsman A, Le Merrer J, Pellissier L, Diaz J, Clesse D, Kieffer B, Becker J. Mice Lacking GPR88 Show Motor Deficit, Improved Spatial Learning, and Low Anxiety Reversed by Delta Opioid Antagonist. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:917-27. [PMID: 26188600 PMCID: PMC4670823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPR88 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor highly enriched in the striatum, and previous studies have focused on GPR88 function in striatal physiology. The receptor is also expressed in other brain areas, and here we examined whether GPR88 function extends beyond striatal-mediated responses. METHODS We created Gpr88 knockout mice and examined both striatal and extrastriatal regions at molecular and cellular levels. We also tested striatum-, hippocampus-, and amygdala-dependent behaviors in Gpr88(-/-) mice using extensive behavioral testing. RESULTS We found increased G protein coupling for delta opioid receptor (DOR) and mu opioid, but not other Gi/o coupled receptors, in the striatum of Gpr88 knockout mice. We also found modifications in gene transcription, dopamine and serotonin contents, and dendritic morphology inside and outside the striatum. Behavioral testing confirmed striatal deficits (hyperactivity, stereotypies, motor impairment in rotarod). In addition, mutant mice performed better in spatial tasks dependent on hippocampus (Y-maze, novel object recognition, dual solution cross-maze) and also showed markedly reduced levels of anxiety (elevated plus maze, marble burying, novelty suppressed feeding). Strikingly, chronic blockade of DOR using naltrindole partially improved motor coordination and normalized spatial navigation and anxiety of Gpr88(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that GPR88 is implicated in a large repertoire of behavioral responses that engage motor activity, spatial learning, and emotional processing. Our data also reveal functional antagonism between GPR88 and DOR activities in vivo. The therapeutic potential of GPR88 therefore extends to cognitive and anxiety disorders, possibly in interaction with other receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.C. Meirsman
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J. Le Merrer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - L.P. Pellissier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - J. Diaz
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR-894 - Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D. Clesse
- Département de Neurobiologie des rythmes, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR-3212, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - B.L. Kieffer
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - J.A.J. Becker
- Département de Médecine Translationnelle et Neurogénétique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U-964, CNRS UMR-7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Li Y, He Y, Chen M, Pu Z, Chen L, Li P, Li B, Li H, Huang ZL, Li Z, Chen JF. Optogenetic Activation of Adenosine A2A Receptor Signaling in the Dorsomedial Striatopallidal Neurons Suppresses Goal-Directed Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1003-13. [PMID: 26216520 PMCID: PMC4748425 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The striatum has an essential role in neural control of instrumental behaviors by reinforcement learning. Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) are highly enriched in the striatopallidal neurons and are implicated in instrumental behavior control. However, the temporal importance of the A(2A)R signaling in relation to the reward and specific contributions of the striatopallidal A(2A)Rs in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) to the control of instrumental learning are not defined. Here, we addressed temporal relationship and sufficiency of transient activation of optoA(2A)R signaling precisely at the time of the reward to the control of instrumental learning, using our newly developed rhodopsin-A2AR chimeras (optoA(2A)R). We demonstrated that transient light activation of optoA(2A)R signaling in the striatopallidal neurons in 'time-locked' manner with the reward delivery (but not random optoA(2A)R activation) was sufficient to change the animal's sensitivity to outcome devaluation without affecting the acquisition or extinction phases of instrumental learning. We further demonstrated that optogenetic activation of striatopallidal A(2A)R signaling in the DMS suppressed goal-directed behaviors, as focally genetic knockdown of striatopallidal A(2A)Rs in the DMS enhanced goal-directed behavior by the devaluation test. By contrast, optogenetic activation or focal AAV-Cre-mediated knockdown of striatopallidal A(2A)R in the DLS had relatively limited effects on instrumental learning. Thus, the striatopallidal A(2A)R signaling in the DMS exerts inhibitory and predominant control of goal-directed behavior by acting precisely at the time of reward, and may represent a therapeutic target to reverse abnormal habit formation that is associated with compulsive obsessive disorder and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan He
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mozi Chen
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhilan Pu
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Chesworth R, Brown RM, Kim JH, Ledent C, Lawrence AJ. Adenosine 2A receptors modulate reward behaviours for methamphetamine. Addict Biol 2016; 21:407-21. [PMID: 25612195 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to methamphetamine (METH) is a global health problem for which there are no approved pharmacotherapies. The adenosine 2A (A2 A ) receptor presents a potential therapeutic target for METH abuse due to its modulatory effects on striatal dopamine and glutamate transmission. Notably, A2 A receptor signalling has been implicated in the rewarding effects of alcohol, cocaine and opiates; yet, the role of this receptor in METH consumption and seeking is essentially unknown. Therefore, the current study used A2 A knockout (KO) mice to assess the role of A2 A in behaviours relevant to METH addiction. METH conditioned place preference was absent in A2 A KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Repeated METH treatment produced locomotor sensitization in both genotypes; however, sensitization was attenuated in A2 A KO mice in a dose-related manner. METH intravenous self-administration was intact in A2 A KO mice over a range of doses and schedules of reinforcement. However, the motivation to self-administer was reduced in A2 A KO mice. Regression analysis further supported the observation that the motivation to self-administer METH was reduced in A2 A KO mice even when self-administration was similar to WT mice. Sucrose self-administration was also reduced in A2 A KO mice but only at higher schedules of reinforcement. Collectively, these data suggest that A2 A signalling is critically required to integrate rewarding and motivational properties of both METH and natural rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Chesworth
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Robyn M. Brown
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
- Department of Neurosciences; Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston SC USA
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
| | - Catherine Ledent
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire; Faculté de Médecine; Université de Bruxelles; Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
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Sleep-Wake Regulation and Its Impact on Working Memory Performance: The Role of Adenosine. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5010011. [PMID: 26861410 PMCID: PMC4810168 DOI: 10.3390/biology5010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by a fine-tuned interplay between sleep-homeostatic and circadian mechanisms. Compelling evidence suggests that adenosine plays an important role in mediating the increase of homeostatic sleep pressure during time spent awake and its decrease during sleep. Here, we summarize evidence that adenosinergic mechanisms regulate not only the dynamic of sleep pressure, but are also implicated in the interaction of homeostatic and circadian processes. We review how this interaction becomes evident at several levels, including electrophysiological data, neuroimaging studies and behavioral observations. Regarding complex human behavior, we particularly focus on sleep-wake regulatory influences on working memory performance and underlying brain activity, with a specific emphasis on the role of adenosine in this interplay. We conclude that a change in adenosinergic mechanisms, whether exogenous or endogenous, does not only impact on sleep-homeostatic processes, but also interferes with the circadian timing system.
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Pellissier LP, Pujol CN, Becker JAJ, Le Merrer J. Delta Opioid Receptors: Learning and Motivation. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 247:227-260. [PMID: 28035528 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delta opioid receptor (DOR) displays a unique, highly conserved, structure and an original pattern of distribution in the central nervous system, pointing to a distinct and specific functional role among opioid peptide receptors. Over the last 15 years, in vivo pharmacology and genetic models have allowed significant advances in the understanding of this role. In this review, we will focus on the involvement of DOR in modulating different types of hippocampal- and striatal-dependent learning processes as well as motor function, motivation, and reward. Remarkably, DOR seems to play a key role in balancing hippocampal and striatal functions, with major implications for the control of cognitive performance and motor function under healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Pellissier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, INSERM, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - C N Pujol
- Département de Neurosciences, Institut de Génomique fonctionnelle, INSERM U-661, CNRS UMR-5203, 34094, Montpellier, France
| | - J A J Becker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, INSERM, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - J Le Merrer
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR-0085, CNRS UMR-7247, INSERM, Université François Rabelais, IFCE, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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A2A adenosine receptor deletion is protective in a mouse model of Tauopathy. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:97-107. [PMID: 25450226 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of caffeine, a non-selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans and mitigates both amyloid and Tau burden in transgenic mouse models. However, the impact of selective A2AR blockade on the progressive development of AD-related lesions and associated memory impairments has not been investigated. In the present study, we removed the gene encoding A2AR from THY-Tau22 mice and analysed the subsequent effects on both pathological (Tau phosphorylation and aggregation, neuro-inflammation) and functional impairments (spatial learning and memory, hippocampal plasticity, neurotransmitter profile). We found that deleting A2ARs protect from Tau pathology-induced deficits in terms of spatial memory and hippocampal long-term depression. These effects were concomitant with a normalization of the hippocampal glutamate/gamma-amino butyric acid ratio, together with a global reduction in neuro-inflammatory markers and a decrease in Tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, oral therapy using a specific A2AR antagonist (MSX-3) significantly improved memory and reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation in THY-Tau22 mice. By showing that A2AR genetic or pharmacological blockade improves the pathological phenotype in a Tau transgenic mouse model, the present data highlight A2A receptors as important molecular targets to consider against AD and Tauopathies.
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Li P, Rial D, Canas PM, Yoo JH, Li W, Zhou X, Wang Y, van Westen GJ, Payen MP, Augusto E, Gonçalves N, Tomé AR, Li Z, Wu Z, Hou X, Zhou Y, IJzerman AP, Boyden ES, Cunha RA, Qu J, Chen JF. Optogenetic activation of intracellular adenosine A2A receptor signaling in the hippocampus is sufficient to trigger CREB phosphorylation and impair memory. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1339-49. [PMID: 25687775 PMCID: PMC4539301 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have converged to suggest that caffeine consumption prevents memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease through the antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). To test if A2AR activation in the hippocampus is actually sufficient to impair memory function and to begin elucidating the intracellular pathways operated by A2AR, we have developed a chimeric rhodopsin-A2AR protein (optoA2AR), which retains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of rhodopsin (conferring light responsiveness and eliminating adenosine-binding pockets) fused to the intracellular loop of A2AR to confer specific A2AR signaling. The specificity of the optoA2AR signaling was confirmed by light-induced selective enhancement of cAMP and phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK) (but not cGMP) levels in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells, which was abolished by a point mutation at the C terminal of A2AR. Supporting its physiological relevance, optoA2AR activation and the A2AR agonist CGS21680 produced similar activation of cAMP and p-MAPK signaling in HEK293 cells, of p-MAPK in the nucleus accumbens and of c-Fos/phosphorylated-CREB (p-CREB) in the hippocampus, and similarly enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Remarkably, optoA2AR activation triggered a preferential p-CREB signaling in the hippocampus and impaired spatial memory performance, while optoA2AR activation in the nucleus accumbens triggered MAPK signaling and modulated locomotor activity. This shows that the recruitment of intracellular A2AR signaling in the hippocampus is sufficient to trigger memory dysfunction. Furthermore, the demonstration that the biased A2AR signaling and functions depend on intracellular A2AR loops prompts the possibility of targeting the intracellular A2AR-interacting partners to selectively control different neuropsychiatric behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Canas
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ji-Hoon Yoo
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Payen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Elisabete Augusto
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R. Tomé
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongnan Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ad P. IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edward S. Boyden
- MIT Media Lab, MIT McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC – Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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Pagnussat N, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Nunes F, Chenet GC, Botton PHS, Mioranzza S, Loss CM, Cunha RA, Porciúncula LO. Adenosine A(2A) receptors are necessary and sufficient to trigger memory impairment in adult mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3831-45. [PMID: 25939452 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Caffeine (a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist) prevents memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease, an effect mimicked by adenosine A2 A receptor, but not A1 receptor, antagonists. Hence, we investigated the effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists on memory performance and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined whether A2 A receptors are necessary for the emergence of memory impairments induced by scopolamine and whether A2 A receptor activation triggers memory deficits in naïve mice, using three tests to assess short-term memory, namely the object recognition task, inhibitory avoidance and modified Y-maze. KEY RESULTS Scopolamine (1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) impaired short-term memory performance in all three tests and this scopolamine-induced amnesia was prevented by the A2 A receptor antagonist (SCH 58261, 0.1-1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) and by the A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX, 0.2-5.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.), except in the modified Y-maze where only SCH58261 was effective. Both antagonists were devoid of effects on memory or locomotion in naïve rats. Notably, the activation of A2 A receptors with CGS 21680 (0.1-0.5 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.) before the training session was sufficient to trigger memory impairment in the three tests in naïve mice, and this effect was prevented by SCH 58261 (1.0 mg·kg(-1) , i.p.). Furthermore, i.c.v. administration of CGS 21680 (50 nmol) also impaired recognition memory in the object recognition task. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results show that A2 A receptors are necessary and sufficient to trigger memory impairment and further suggest that A1 receptors might also be selectively engaged to control the cholinergic-driven memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pagnussat
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A S Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D M Marques
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Nunes
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G C Chenet
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P H S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C M Loss
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R A Cunha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Huang Y, Thathiah A. Regulation of neuronal communication by G protein-coupled receptors. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1607-19. [PMID: 25980603 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication plays an essential role in the propagation of information in the brain and requires a precisely orchestrated connectivity between neurons. Synaptic transmission is the mechanism through which neurons communicate with each other. It is a strictly regulated process which involves membrane depolarization, the cellular exocytosis machinery, neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft, and the interaction between ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and downstream effector molecules. The focus of this review is to explore the role of GPCRs and G protein-signaling in neurotransmission, to highlight the function of GPCRs, which are localized in both presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane terminals, in regulation of intrasynaptic and intersynaptic communication, and to discuss the involvement of astrocytic GPCRs in the regulation of neuronal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Huang
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amantha Thathiah
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics (CME) and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (LIND), University of Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium.
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Chen JF, Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptor neurobiology: overview. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 119:1-49. [PMID: 25175959 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside that is distributed ubiquitously throughout the body as a metabolic intermediary. In the brain, adenosine functions as an important upstream neuromodulator of a broad spectrum of neurotransmitters, receptors, and signaling pathways. By acting through four G-protein-coupled receptors, adenosine contributes critically to homeostasis and neuromodulatory control of a variety of normal and abnormal brain functions, ranging from synaptic plasticity, to cognition, to sleep, to motor activity to neuroinflammation, and cell death. This review begun with an overview of the gene and genome structure and the expression pattern of adenosine receptors (ARs). We feature several new developments over the past decade in our understanding of AR functions in the brain, with special focus on the identification and characterization of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways of ARs. We provide an update on functional insights from complementary genetic-knockout and pharmacological studies on the AR control of various brain functions. We also highlight several novel and recent developments of AR neurobiology, including (i) recent breakthrough in high resolution of three-dimension structure of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) in several functional status, (ii) receptor-receptor heterodimerization, (iii) AR function in glial cells, and (iv) the druggability of AR. We concluded the review with the contention that these new developments extend and strengthen the support for A1 and A2ARs in brain as therapeutic targets for neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li W, Silva HB, Real J, Wang YM, Rial D, Li P, Payen MP, Zhou Y, Muller CE, Tomé AR, Cunha RA, Chen JF. Inactivation of adenosine A2A receptors reverses working memory deficits at early stages of Huntington's disease models. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:70-80. [PMID: 25892655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments in Huntington's disease (HD) are attributed to a dysfunction of the cortico-striatal pathway and significantly affect the quality of life of the patients, but this has not been a therapeutic focus in HD to date. We postulated that adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), located at pre- and post-synaptic elements of the cortico-striatal pathways, modulate striatal neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity and cognitive behaviors. To critically evaluate the ability of A(2A)R inactivation to prevent cognitive deficits in early HD, we cross-bred A(2A)R knockout (KO) mice with two R6/2 transgenic lines of HD (CAG120 and CAG240) to generate two double transgenic R6/2-CAG120-A(2A)R KO and R6/2-CAG240-A(2A)R KO mice and their corresponding wild-type (WT) littermates. Genetic inactivation of A(2A)R prevented working memory deficits induced by R6/2-CAG120 at post-natal week 6 and by R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal month 2 and post-natal month 3, without modifying motor deficits. Similarly the A2(A)R antagonist KW6002 selectively reverted working memory deficits in R6/2-CAG240 mice at post-natal month 3. The search for possible mechanisms indicated that the genetic inactivation of A(2A)R did not affect ubiquitin-positive neuronal inclusions, astrogliosis or Thr-75 phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in the striatum. Importantly, A(2A)R blockade preferentially controlled long-term depression at cortico-striatal synapses in R6/2-CAG240 at post-natal week 6. The reported reversal of working memory deficits in R6/2 mice by the genetic and pharmacological inactivation of A(2A)R provides a proof-of-principle for A(2A)R as novel targets to reverse cognitive deficits in HD, likely by controlling LTD deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Real
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Rial
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marie-Pierce Payen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Christa E Muller
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu JH, You QL, Wei MD, Wang Q, Luo ZY, Lin S, Huang L, Li SJ, Li XW, Gao TM. Social Isolation During Adolescence Strengthens Retention of Fear Memories and Facilitates Induction of Late-Phase Long-Term Potentiation. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1421-1429. [PMID: 25860250 PMCID: PMC4588096 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation during the vulnerable period of adolescence produces emotional dysregulation that often manifests as abnormal behavior in adulthood. The enduring consequence of isolation might be caused by a weakened ability to forget unpleasant memories. However, it remains unclear whether isolation affects unpleasant memories. To address this, we used a model of associative learning to induce the fear memories and evaluated the influence of isolation mice during adolescence on the subsequent retention of fear memories and its underlying cellular mechanisms. Following adolescent social isolation, we found that mice decreased their social interaction time and had an increase in anxiety-related behavior. Interestingly, when we assessed memory retention, we found that isolated mice were unable to forget aversive memories when tested 4 weeks after the original event. Consistent with this, we observed that a single train of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) enabled a late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region of isolated mice, whereas only an early-phase LTP was observed with the same stimulation in the control mice. Social isolation during adolescence also increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, and application of a tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor inhibitor ameliorated the facilitated L-LTP seen after isolation. Together, our results suggest that adolescent isolation may result in mental disorders during adulthood and that this may stem from an inability to forget the unpleasant memories via BDNF-mediated synaptic plasticity. These findings may give us a new strategy to prevent mental disorders caused by persistent unpleasant memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mei-Dan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Song Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tian-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Wei CJ, Augusto E, Gomes CA, Singer P, Wang Y, Boison D, Cunha RA, Yee BK, Chen JF. Regulation of fear responses by striatal and extrastriatal adenosine A2A receptors in forebrain. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:855-63. [PMID: 23820821 PMCID: PMC4058554 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are enriched in the striatum but are also present at lower levels in the extrastriatal forebrain (i.e., hippocampus, cortex), integrating dopamine, glutamate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and are thus essential for striatal neuroplasticity and fear and anxiety behavior. METHODS We tested two brain region-specific A2AR knockout lines with A2ARs selectively deleted either in the striatum (st-A2AR KO) or the entire forebrain (striatum, hippocampus, and cortex [fb-A2AR KO]) on fear and anxiety-related responses. We also examined the effect of hippocampus-specific A2AR deletion by local injection of adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5)-Cre into floxed-A2AR knockout mice. RESULTS Selectively deleting A2ARs in the striatum increased Pavlovian fear conditioning (both context and tone) in st-A2AR KO mice, but extending the deletion to the rest of the forebrain apparently spared context fear conditioning and attenuated tone fear conditioning in fb-A2AR KO mice. Moreover, focal deletion of hippocampal A2ARs by AAV5-Cre injection selectively attenuated context (but not tone) fear conditioning. Deletion of A2ARs in the entire forebrain in fb-A2AR KO mice also produced an anxiolytic phenotype in both the elevated plus maze and open field tests, and increased the startle response. These extrastriatal forebrain A2AR behavioral effects were associated with reduced BDNF levels in the fb-A2AR KO hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that inactivation of striatal A2ARs facilitates Pavlovian fear conditioning, while inactivation of extrastriatal A2ARs in the forebrain inhibits fear conditioning and also affects anxiety-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Wei
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Elisabete Augusto
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118,CNC- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina A. Gomes
- CNC- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Philipp Singer
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon 97232,Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yumei Wang
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Detlev Boison
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon 97232
| | - Rodrigo A. Cunha
- CNC- Center for Neurosciences of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benjamin K. Yee
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon 97232,Laboratory of Behavioural Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, CH 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Silva CG, Métin C, Fazeli W, Machado NJ, Darmopil S, Launay PS, Ghestem A, Nesa MP, Bassot E, Szabó E, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Tomé AR, Ivanov A, Isbrandt D, Zilberter Y, Cunha RA, Esclapez M, Bernard C. Adenosine receptor antagonists including caffeine alter fetal brain development in mice. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:197ra104. [PMID: 23926202 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of certain substances during pregnancy can interfere with brain development, leading to deleterious long-term neurological and cognitive impairments in offspring. To test whether modulators of adenosine receptors affect neural development, we exposed mouse dams to a subtype-selective adenosine type 2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist or to caffeine, a naturally occurring adenosine receptor antagonist, during pregnancy and lactation. We observed delayed migration and insertion of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons into the hippocampal circuitry during the first postnatal week in offspring of dams treated with the A2AR antagonist or caffeine. This was associated with increased neuronal network excitability and increased susceptibility to seizures in response to a seizure-inducing agent. Adult offspring of mouse dams exposed to A2AR antagonists during pregnancy and lactation displayed loss of hippocampal GABA neurons and some cognitive deficits. These results demonstrate that exposure to A2AR antagonists including caffeine during pregnancy and lactation in rodents may have adverse effects on the neural development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Silva
- Aix Marseille Université, INS, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Düster R, Prickaerts J, Blokland A. Purinergic signaling and hippocampal long-term potentiation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:37-43. [PMID: 24533014 PMCID: PMC3915348 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purines ATP and adenosine are widely recognized for their neuromodulatory effects. They have been
shown to have effects on neurons via various receptors and interactions with glial cells. In particular, long-term
potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slice preparations has been found to be modulated by ATP and adenosine. This review
gives an overview of purinergic signaling in relation to hippocampal LTP and memory formation. The data supports the
hypothesis that adenosine mediates a tonic suppression of synaptic transmission. Thus, low adenosine levels appear to
increase basal synaptic activity via a decreased activation of the inhibitor A1 receptor, consequently making it more
difficult to induce LTP because of lower contrast. During high stimulation, the inhibition of neighboring pathways by
adenosine, in combination with an A2a receptor activation, appears to increase contrast of excited pathways against a nonexcited
background. This would enable amplification of specific signaling while suppressing non-specific events.
Although a clear role for purinergic signaling in LTP is evident, more studies are needed to scrutinize the modulatory role
of ATP and adenosine and their receptors in synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Düster
- Institute II for Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, European School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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45
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Antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2A receptors and Na+/K+-ATPase-α2 controlling glutamate uptake in astrocytes. J Neurosci 2014; 33:18492-502. [PMID: 24259572 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1828-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-I) is critical to control the bulk of glutamate uptake and, thus, to regulate synaptic plasticity and excitotoxicity. GLT-I glutamate uptake is driven by the sodium gradient implemented by Na(+)/K(+)-ATPases (NKAs) and the α2 subunit of NKA (NKA-α2) is actually linked to GLT-I to regulate astrocytic glutamate transport. We recently found that adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs), which control synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration, regulate glutamate uptake through unknown mechanisms. Here we report that A2AR activation decreases NKA activity selectively in astrocytes to inhibit glutamate uptake. Furthermore, we found a physical association of A2ARs with NKA-α2s in astrocytes, as gauged by coimmunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assays, in the cerebral cortex and striatum, two brain regions where A2ARs inhibit the astrocytic glutamate uptake. Moreover, the selective deletion of A2ARs in astrocytes (using Gfa2-A2AR-KO mice) leads to a concurrent increase of both astrocytic glutamate uptake and NKA-α2 levels and activity in the striatum and cortex. This coupling of astrocytic A2ARs to the regulation of glutamate transport through modulation of NKA-α2 activity provides a novel mechanism linking neuronal activity to ion homeostasis controlling glutamatergic activity, all of which are processes intricately associated with the etiology of several brain diseases.
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Su YA, Huang RH, Wang XD, Li JT, Si TM. Impaired working memory by repeated neonatal MK-801 treatment is ameliorated by galantamine in adult rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 725:32-9. [PMID: 24440172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early life blockade of the NMDA receptor by using MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, induces behavioral changes that mimic several features of schizophrenia. In the current study, we first examined the effects of neonatal MK-801 treatment in male Sprague-Dawley rats on locomotor activity, prepulse inhibition and spatial working memory in adolescence (postnatal day 35, PND35) and adulthood (PND63). Next, we investigated the effects of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine, on working memory deficits induced by MK-801 treatment. Rats were treated with either saline or MK-801 (0.25mg/kg twice daily) at PND 5-14, and the long-term behavioral effects were investigated. MK-801 treated rats showed moderate working memory impairments in adolescence but a pronounced deficit in adulthood. However, locomotion and prepulse inhibition at two life stages were not affected by this treatment. Systemic administration of galantamine (1mg/kg) 30 min before each training session significantly improved neonatal MK-801-induced working memory deficits in adulthood. In conclusion, these results suggest that the neonatal MK-801 treatment-induced selective working memory deficit is related to a change in brain cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ai Su
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Run-Hu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, PR China; Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Uchida SI, Kadowaki-Horita T, Kanda T. Effects of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist on cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:169-89. [PMID: 25175966 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily characterized by motor abnormalities, but cognitive changes also occur in the early and late stages of the disease process. In PD patients, cognitive dysfunction is associated with reduced quality of life, as well as increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in increases in caregiver burden, and health-related costs. Therefore, safe and effective approaches are needed to treat cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The underlying pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction is complex and not fully understood, however. α-Synuclein, amyloid-related proteins, and cholinergic deficits have been reported to partially contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Changes in cortical dopamine (DA) content may also be responsible for early cognitive changes in patients with PD. Certainly, dopaminergic afferents to the frontal cortex degenerate in PD, and there is a reduction of DA content in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It has also been reported that PFC dopaminergic input plays an important role in working memory performance. Moreover, PFC DA levels and working memory performance are significantly reduced by a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion in the PFC of a rat. Recent findings in the areas of pharmacological manipulation and genetic ablation suggest that the adenosine A2A receptor is also related to cognitive functions, especially working memory. In addition, the blockade of adenosine A2A receptors reverses cognitive dysfunction in PFC-lesioned rats, and this blocking effect may be due to an increase in PFC DA content. Therefore, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists not only improve motor performance, but they may also lead to improved cognitive function in those with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Uchida
- Central Nervous System Research Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Takako Kadowaki-Horita
- Central Nervous System Research Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kanda
- Central Nervous System Research Laboratories, Research & Development Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
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48
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Chen JF. Adenosine receptor control of cognition in normal and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:257-307. [PMID: 25175970 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) are increasingly recognized as important therapeutic targets for controlling cognition under normal and disease conditions for its dual roles of neuromodulation as well as of homeostatic function in the brain. This chapter first presents the unique ability of adenosine, by acting on the inhibitory A1 and facilitating A2A receptor, to integrate dopamine, glutamate, and BNDF signaling and to modulate synaptic plasticity (e.g., long-term potentiation and long-term depression) in brain regions relevant to learning and memory, providing the molecular and cellular bases for adenosine receptor (AR) control of cognition. This led to the demonstration of AR modulation of social recognition memory, working memory, reference memory, reversal learning, goal-directed behavior/habit formation, Pavlovian fear conditioning, and effort-related behavior. Furthermore, human and animal studies support that AR activity can also, through cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection, reverse cognitive impairments in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia. Lastly, epidemiological evidence indicates that regular human consumption of caffeine, the most widely used psychoactive drug and nonselective AR antagonists, is associated with the reduced cognitive decline in aging and AD patients, and with the reduced risk in developing PD. Thus, there is a convergence of the molecular studies revealing AR as molecular targets for integrating neurotransmitter signaling and controlling synaptic plasticity, with animal studies demonstrating the strong procognitive impact upon AR antagonism in normal and disease brains and with epidemiological and clinical evidences in support of caffeine and AR drugs for therapeutic modulation of cognition. Since some of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists are already in phase III clinical trials for motor benefits in PD patients with remarkable safety profiles, additional animal and human studies to better understand the mechanism underlying the AR-mediated control of cognition under normal and disease conditions will provide the required rationale to stimulate the necessary clinical investigation to rapidly translate adenosine and AR drug as a novel strategy to control memory impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The Molecular Medicine Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Kadowaki Horita T, Kobayashi M, Mori A, Jenner P, Kanda T. Effects of the adenosine A2A antagonist istradefylline on cognitive performance in rats with a 6-OHDA lesion in prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 230:345-52. [PMID: 23748382 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Altered cognitive function is a common feature of both the early and later stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) that involves alterations in cortical dopamine content. Adenosine A2A antagonists, such as istradefylline, improve motor function in PD, but their effect on cognitive impairment has not been determined. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated whether impairment of working memory due to the loss of dopaminergic input into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is reversed by administration of istradefylline. We also evaluated whether A2A antagonist administration modulates dopamine levels in the PFC. METHODS Bilateral lesions of the dopaminergic input to the PFC were produced in rats using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Cognitive performance was evaluated using an object recognition task and delayed alternation task. The effects of istradefylline, donepezil and methamphetamine on cognitive performance were examined. In addition, the effect of istradefylline on extracellular dopamine levels in the PFC was studied. RESULTS PFC dopamine levels and cognitive performance were significantly reduced by 6-OHDA lesioning. Istradefylline, donepezil and methamphetamine improved cognitive performance of PFC-lesioned rats. Istradefylline increased dopamine levels in the PFC in both normal and PFC-lesioned rats. CONCLUSIONS PFC dopaminergic input plays an important role in working memory performance. Blockade of A2A receptors using istradefylline reverses the changes in cognitive function, and this may be due to an increase in PFC dopamine content. Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists not only improve motor performance in PD but may also lead to improved cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kadowaki Horita
- Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Research Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan
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50
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Adenosine A2A receptor deficiency alleviates blast-induced cognitive dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1789-98. [PMID: 23921902 PMCID: PMC3824177 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly explosive blast-induced TBI (bTBI), has become the most prevalent injury among military personnel. The disruption of cognitive function is one of the most serious consequences of bTBI because its long-lasting effects prevent survivors fulfilling their active duty and resuming normal civilian life. However, the mechanisms are poorly understood and there is no treatment available. This study investigated the effects of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) on bTBI-induced cognitive deficit, and explored the underlying mechanisms. After being subjected to moderate whole-body blast injury, mice lacking the A2AR (A2AR knockout (KO)) showed less severity and shorter duration of impaired spatial reference memory and working memory than wild-type mice did. In addition, bTBI-induced cortical and hippocampal lesions, as well as proinflammatory cytokine expression, glutamate release, edema, cell loss, and gliosis in both early and prolonged phases of the injury, were significantly attenuated in A2AR KO mice. The results suggest that early injury and chronic neuropathological damages are important mechanisms of bTBI-induced cognitive impairment, and that the impairment can be attenuated by preventing A2AR activation. These findings suggest that A2AR antagonism is a potential therapeutic strategy for mild-to-moderate bTBI and consequent cognitive impairment.
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