1
|
Machado CA, Oliveira BDS, Dias TL, Barros JLVMD, Ferreira GMF, Cordeiro TM, Feracin V, Alexandre CH, Abreu LKS, Silva WND, Carvalho BC, Fernandes HDB, Vieira ÉLM, Castro PR, Ferreira RN, Kangussu LM, Franco GR, Guatimosim C, Barcelos LDS, Simões E Silva AC, Toscano ECDB, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL, Miranda ASD. Weight-drop model as a valuable tool to study potential neurobiological processes underlying behavioral and cognitive changes secondary to mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578242. [PMID: 37951202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) behavioral and cognitive changes is not fully understood, especially in its mild presentation. We designed a weight drop TBI model in mice to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in behavioral and cognitive sequelae following mild TBI. C57BL/6 mice displayed depressive-like behavior at 72 h after mild TBI compared with controls, as indicated by a decrease in the latency to first immobility and climbing time in the forced swim test. Additionally, anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal-associated spatial learning and memory impairment were found in the elevated plus maze and in the Barnes maze, respectively. Levels of a set of inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors were analyzed at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 30 days after injury in ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Principal components analysis revealed two principal components (PC), which represented 59.1% of data variability. PC1 (cytokines and chemokines) expression varied between both hemispheres, while PC2 (neurotrophic factors) expression varied only across the investigated brain areas. Our model reproduces mild TBI-associated clinical signs and pathological features and might be a valuable tool to broaden the knowledge regarding mild TBI pathophysiology as well as to test potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Amaral Machado
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Lüscher Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Feracin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristian Henrique Alexandre
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Katharina Sabino Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison Nunes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Brener Cunha Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Loron G, Pansiot J, Olivier P, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Baud O. Inhaled Nitric Oxide Promotes Angiogenesis in the Rodent Developing Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065871. [PMID: 36982947 PMCID: PMC10054632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a therapy used in neonates with pulmonary hypertension. Some evidence of its neuroprotective properties has been reported in both mature and immature brains subjected to injury. NO is a key mediator of the VEGF pathway, and angiogenesis may be involved in the reduced vulnerability to injury of white matter and the cortex conferred by iNO. Here, we report the effect of iNO on angiogenesis in the developing brain and its potential effectors. We found that iNO promotes angiogenesis in the developing white matter and cortex during a critical window in P14 rat pups. This shift in the developmental program of brain angiogenesis was not related to a regulation of NO synthases by exogenous NO exposure, nor the VEGF pathway or other angiogenic factors. The effects of iNO on brain angiogenesis were found to be mimicked by circulating nitrate/nitrite, suggesting that these carriers may play a role in transporting NO to the brain. Finally, our data show that the soluble guanylate cyclase/cGMP signaling pathway is likely to be involved in the pro-angiogenetic effect of iNO through thrombospondin-1, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, inhibiting soluble guanylate cyclase through CD42 and CD36. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the biological basis of the effect of iNO in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Loron
- Service de Médecine Néonatale et de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CReSTIC, CHU Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Julien Pansiot
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Paul Olivier
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Baud
- Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris Cité, 75019 Paris, France
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaseous nitric oxide failed to inhibit the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Nitric Oxide 2023; 132:27-33. [PMID: 36706864 PMCID: PMC9873364 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have antimicrobial activity in vitro and in some in vivo models, while the virucidal activity of NO remains elusive. Some studies using NO donors have suggested that NO could be a potential candidate to treat SARS-CoV infection. The Covid-19 pandemic raised the hypothesis that NO gas might have an impact on Sars-CoV-2 replication cycle and might be considered as a candidate therapy to treat COVID-19. To our knowledge, there are no in vitro preclinical studies demonstrating a virucidal effect of gaseous NO on SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to determine whether gaseous NO has an impact on the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. To that end, SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial (VeroE6) and pulmonary (A549-hACE2) cells were treated with repeated doses of gaseous NO at different concentrations known to be efficient against bacteria. Our results show that exposing SARS-CoV-2 infected-cells to NO gas even at high doses (160 ppm, 6 h) does not influence the replication cycle of the virus in vitro. We report here that NO gas has no antiviral properties in vitro on SARS-COV-2. Therefore, there is no rationale for its usage in clinical settings to treat COVID-19 patients for direct antiviral purposes, which does not exclude other potential physiological benefits of this gas.
Collapse
|
4
|
Siracusa R, Voltarelli VA, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Otterbein LE, Calabrese V. NO, CO and H 2S: A Trinacrium of Bioactive Gases in the Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115122. [PMID: 35679892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, H2S and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cnops V, Iyer VR, Parathy N, Wong P, Dawe GS. Test, Rinse, Repeat: A Review of Carryover Effects in Rodent Behavioral Assays. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
6
|
Shin SS, Hwang M, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kilbaugh TJ. Inhalational Gases for Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2634-2651. [PMID: 33940933 PMCID: PMC8820834 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite multiple prior pharmacological trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the search for an effective, safe, and practical treatment of these patients remains ongoing. Given the ease of delivery and rapid absorption into the systemic circulation, inhalational gases that have neuroprotective properties will be an invaluable resource in the clinical management of TBI patients. In this review, we perform a systematic review of both pre-clinical and clinical reports describing inhalational gas therapy in the setting of TBI. Hyperbaric oxygen, which has been investigated for many years, and some of the newest developments are reviewed. Also, promising new therapies such as hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, and nitric oxide are discussed. Moreover, novel therapies such as xenon and argon gases and delivery methods using microbubbles are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Misun Hwang
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nitric oxide and the brain. Part 1: Mechanisms of regulation, transport and effects on the developing brain. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:738-745. [PMID: 32563183 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its known actions as a pulmonary vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO) is a key signal mediator in the neonatal brain. Despite the extensive use of NO for pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), its actions in the setting of brain hypoxia and ischemia, which co-exists with PAH in 20-30% of affected infants, are not well established. This review focuses on the mechanisms of actions of NO covering the basic, translational, and clinical evidence of its neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties. In this first part, we present the physiology of transport and delivery of NO to the brain and the regulation of cerebrovascular and systemic circulation by NO, as well the role of NO in the development of the immature brain. IMPACT: NO can be transferred from the site of production to the site of action rapidly and affects the central nervous system. Inhaled NO (iNO), a commonly used medication, can have significant effects on the neonatal brain. NO regulates the cerebrovascular and systemic circulation and plays a role in the development of the immature brain. This review describes the properties of NO under physiologic conditions and under stress. The impact of this review is that it describes the effects of NO, especially regarding the vulnerable neonatal brain, and helps understand the conditions that could contribute to neurotoxicity or neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
8
|
Verboon LN, Patel HC, Greenhalgh AD. The Immune System's Role in the Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion). Front Immunol 2021; 12:620698. [PMID: 33679762 PMCID: PMC7928307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), often referred to as concussion, is the most common form of TBI and affects millions of people each year. A history of mild TBI increases the risk of developing emotional and neurocognitive disorders later in life that can impact on day to day living. These include anxiety and depression, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Actions of brain resident or peripherally recruited immune cells are proposed to be key regulators across these diseases and mood disorders. Here, we will assess the impact of mild TBI on brain and patient health, and evaluate the recent evidence for immune cell involvement in its pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Verboon
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hiren C. Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Greenhalgh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinkowski NJ, Guerin J, Zhang H, Carpentier ST, McCurdy KE, Pacheco JM, Mehos CJ, Brigman JL, Morton RA. Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries impair visual discrimination learning in adolescent mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 175:107315. [PMID: 32980477 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are common and are associated with learning deficits in school-age children. Some of these deficits include problems with long-term memory, working memory, processing speeds, attention, mental fatigue, and executive function. Processing speed deficits have been associated with alterations in white matter, but the underlying mechanisms of many of the other deficits are unclear. Without a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms we cannot effectively treat these injuries. The goal of these studies is to validate a translatable touchscreen discrimination/reversal task to identify deficits in executive function following a single or repeated mTBIs. Using a mild closed skull injury model in adolescent mice we were able to identify clear deficits in discrimination learning following repeated injuries that were not present from a single mTBI. The repeated injuries were not associated with any deficits in motor-based behavior but did induce a robust increase in astrocyte activation. These studies provide an essential platform to interrogate the underlying neurological dysfunction associated with these injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Pinkowski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Juliana Guerin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Haikun Zhang
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Sydney T Carpentier
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Kathryn E McCurdy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Johann M Pacheco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Carissa J Mehos
- Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Russell A Morton
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Center for Brain Recovery and Repair, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bodnar CN, Roberts KN, Higgins EK, Bachstetter AD. A Systematic Review of Closed Head Injury Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice and Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1683-1706. [PMID: 30661454 PMCID: PMC6555186 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI) is a significant health concern. Animal models of mTBI are essential for understanding mechanisms, and pathological outcomes, as well as to test therapeutic interventions. A variety of closed head models of mTBI that incorporate different aspects (i.e., biomechanics) of the mTBI have been reported. The aim of the current review was to compile a comprehensive list of the closed head mTBI rodent models, along with the common data elements, and outcomes, with the goal to summarize the current state of the field. Publications were identified from a search of PubMed and Web of Science and screened for eligibility following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were included that were closed head injuries in which the authors classified the injury as mild in rats or mice. Injury model and animal-specific common data elements, as well as behavioral and histological outcomes, were collected and compiled from a total of 402 articles. Our results outline the wide variety of methods used to model mTBI. We also discovered that female rodents and both young and aged animals are under-represented in experimental mTBI studies. Our findings will aid in providing context comparing the injury models and provide a starting point for the selection of the most appropriate model of mTBI to address a specific hypothesis. We believe this review will be a useful starting place for determining what has been done and what knowledge is missing in the field to reduce the burden of mTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Bodnar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelly N. Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emma K. Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang W, Shen M, Sun K, Wang Y, Wang X, Jin X, Xu J, Ding L, Sun X. Aminoguanidine reverses cognitive deficits and activation of cAMP/CREB/BDNF pathway in mouse hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain Inj 2018; 32:1858-1865. [PMID: 30346862 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1537513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE We aim to study the effects of chronic aminoguanidine (AG) administration on learning and memory impairment after TBI and explore the potential mechanism involved in this process. RESEARCH DESIGN Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 6 groups: Control, TBI + Veh, TBI+ AG (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.). METHODS AND PROCEDURES Then, we measured cyclicadenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content, phosphorylated form of cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) level, iNOS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density-93/95 (PSD-93/95) expression in hippocampus. The learning and memory abilities were assessed using Morris water maze and step-down test. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The results demonstrate that TBI induced down-regulation of BDNF, loss of PSD-93/95, learning and memory deficits with down-regulation of cAMP content and p-CREB/CREB ratio. Administration of AG (200 and 400 mg/kg) reversed TBI induced down-regulation of BDNF and PSD-93/95, up-regulated the cAMP content and p-CREB/CREB ratio, which resulted in improvement of learning and memory ability. CONCLUSIONS We suspect that AG (200 and 400 mg/kg) might reverse TBI-induced selective loss of postsynaptic proteins and learning and memory deficits with the activation of cAMP/CREB/BDNF signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Kun Sun
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yanping Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Lianshu Ding
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- a Department of Neurosurgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an , Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Che X, Fang Y, Si X, Wang J, Hu X, Reis C, Chen S. The Role of Gaseous Molecules in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Updated Review. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:392. [PMID: 29937711 PMCID: PMC6002502 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people in China each year. TBI has a high mortality and often times a serious prognosis. The causative mechanisms of TBI during development and recovery from an injury remain vague, leaving challenges for the medical community to provide treatment options that improve prognosis and provide an optimal recovery. Biological gaseous molecules including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and molecular hydrogen (H2) have been found to play critical roles in physiological and pathological conditions in mammals. Accumulating evidence has found that these gaseous molecules can execute neuroprotection in many central nervous system (CNS) conditions due to their highly permeable properties allowing them to enter the brain. Considering the complicated mechanisms and the serious prognosis of TBI, effective and adequate therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. These four gaseous molecules can be potential attractive therapeutic intervention on TBI. In this review, we will present a comprehensive overview on the role of these four biological gasses in the development of TBI and their potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Che
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodriguez-Grande B, Konsman JP. Gas Diffusion in the CNS. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:207-218. [PMID: 28504343 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gases have been long known to have essential physiological functions in the CNS such as respiration or regulation of vascular tone. Since gases have been classically considered to freely diffuse, research in gas biology has so far focused on mechanisms of gas synthesis and gas reactivity, rather than gas diffusion and transport. However, the discovery of gas pores during the last two decades and the characterization of diverse diffusion patterns through different membranes has raised the possibility that modulation of gas diffusion is also a physiologically relevant parameter. Here we review the means of gas movement into and within the brain through "free" diffusion and gas pores, notably aquaporins, discussing the role that gas diffusion may play in the modulation of gas function. We highlight how diffusion is relevant to neuronal signaling, volume transmission, and cerebrovascular control in the case of NO, one of the most extensively studied gases. We point out how facilitated transport can be especially relevant for gases with low permeability in lipid membranes like NH3 and discuss the possible implications of NH3 -permeable channels in physiology and hyperammonemic encephalopathy. We identify novel research questions about how modulation of gas diffusion could intervene in CNS pathologies. This emerging area of research can provide novel and interesting insights in the field of gas biology.
Collapse
|
14
|
An C, Jiang X, Pu H, Hong D, Zhang W, Hu X, Gao Y. Severity-Dependent Long-Term Spatial Learning-Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:512-520. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
15
|
COX-2, aspirin and metabolism of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their physiological and clinical significance. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
16
|
Lorón-Sánchez A, Torras-Garcia M, Coll-Andreu M, Costa-Miserachs D, Portell-Cortés I. Posttraining Epinephrine Reverses Memory Deficits Produced by Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:9151490. [PMID: 27127685 PMCID: PMC4834408 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9151490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to evaluate whether posttraining systemic epinephrine is able to improve object recognition memory in rats with memory deficits produced by traumatic brain injury. Forty-nine two-month-old naïve male Wistar rats were submitted to surgical procedures to induce traumatic brain injury (TBI) or were sham-operated. Rats were trained in an object recognition task and, immediately after training, received an intraperitoneal injection of distilled water (Sham-Veh and TBI-Veh group) or 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine (TBI-Epi group) or no injection (TBI-0 and Sham-0 groups). Retention was tested 3 h and 24 h after acquisition. The results showed that brain injury produced severe memory deficits and that posttraining administration of epinephrine was able to reverse them. Systemic administration of distilled water also had an enhancing effect, but of a lower magnitude. These data indicate that posttraining epinephrine and, to a lesser extent, vehicle injection reduce memory deficits associated with TBI, probably through induction of a low-to-moderate emotional arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lorón-Sánchez
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Torras-Garcia
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margalida Coll-Andreu
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Costa-Miserachs
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Portell-Cortés
- Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo ZN, Shao A, Tong LS, Sun W, Liu J, Yang Y. The Role of Nitric Oxide and Sympathetic Control in Cerebral Autoregulation in the Setting of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3606-3615. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Rathbone ATL, Tharmaradinam S, Jiang S, Rathbone MP, Kumbhare DA. A review of the neuro- and systemic inflammatory responses in post concussion symptoms: Introduction of the "post-inflammatory brain syndrome" PIBS. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:1-16. [PMID: 25736063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-concussion syndrome is an aggregate of symptoms that commonly present together after head injury. These symptoms, depending on definition, include headaches, dizziness, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairment. However, these symptoms are common, occurring frequently in non-head injured controls, leading some to question the existence of post-concussion syndrome as a unique syndrome. Therefore, some have attempted to explain post-concussion symptoms as post-traumatic stress disorder, as they share many similar symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder does not require head injury. This explanation falls short as patients with post-concussion syndrome do not necessarily experience many key symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, other explanations must be sought to explain the prevalence of post-concussion like symptoms in non-head injury patients. Many of the situations in which post-concussion syndrome like symptoms may be experienced such as infection and post-surgery are associated with systemic inflammatory responses, and even neuroinflammation. Post-concussion syndrome itself has a significant neuroinflammatory component. In this review we examine the evidence of neuroinflammation in post-concussion syndrome and the potential role systemic inflammation plays in post-concussion syndrome like symptoms. We conclude that given the overlap between these conditions and the role of inflammation in their etiologies, a new term, post-inflammatory brain syndromes (PIBS), is necessary to describe the common outcomes of many different inflammatory insults. The concept of post-concussion syndrome is in its evolution therefore, the new term post-inflammatory brain syndromes provides a better understanding of etiology of its wide-array of symptoms and the wide array of conditions they can be seen in.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Surejini Tharmaradinam
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, Pediatric Neurology, MUMC 3A, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shucui Jiang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, and Hamilton Neurorestorative Group, McMaster University, HSC 4E15, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Michel P Rathbone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, McMaster University - Juravinski Hospital, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Dinesh A Kumbhare
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, University Health Network - Toronto Rehab - University Centre, 550 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Chopp M, Meng Y, Zhang ZG, Doppler E, Winter S, Schallert T, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. Cerebrolysin improves cognitive performance in rats after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:843-55. [PMID: 25614944 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Long-term memory deficits occur after mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), and effective treatment modalities are currently unavailable. Cerebrolysin, a peptide preparation mimicking the action of neurotrophic factors, has beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. The present study investigated the long-term effects of Cerebrolysin treatment on cognitive function in rats after mTBI. METHODS Rats subjected to closed-head mTBI were treated with saline (n = 11) or Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, n = 11) starting 24 hours after injury and then daily for 28 days. Sham animals underwent surgery without injury (n = 8). To evaluate cognitive function, the modified Morris water maze (MWM) test and a social odor-based novelty recognition task were performed after mTBI. All rats were killed on Day 90 after mTBI, and brain sections were immunostained for histological analyses of amyloid precursor protein (APP), astrogliosis, neuroblasts, and neurogenesis. RESULTS Mild TBI caused long-lasting cognitive memory deficits in the MWM and social odor recognition tests up to 90 days after injury. Compared with saline treatment, Cerebrolysin treatment significantly improved both long-term spatial learning and memory in the MWM test and nonspatial recognition memory in the social odor recognition task up to 90 days after mTBI (p < 0.05). Cerebrolysin significantly increased the number of neuroblasts and promoted neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and it reduced APP levels and astrogliosis in the corpus callosum, cortex, dentate gyrus, CA1, and CA3 regions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Cerebrolysin treatment of mTBI improves long-term cognitive function, and this improvement may be partially related to decreased brain APP accumulation and astrogliosis as well as increased neuroblasts and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Imam A, Jin G, Sillesen M, Dekker SE, Bambakidis T, Hwabejire JO, Jepsen CH, Halaweish I, Alam HB. Fresh frozen plasma resuscitation provides neuroprotection compared to normal saline in a large animal model of traumatic brain injury and polytrauma. J Neurotrauma 2014; 32:307-13. [PMID: 25153180 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that early treatment with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is neuroprotective in a swine model of hemorrhagic shock (HS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it remains unknown whether this strategy would be beneficial in a more clinical polytrauma model. Yorkshire swine (42-50 kg) were instrumented to measure hemodynamic parameters, brain oxygenation, and intracranial pressure (ICP) and subjected to computer-controlled TBI and multi-system trauma (rib fracture, soft-tissue damage, and liver injury) as well as combined free and controlled hemorrhage (40% blood volume). After 2 h of shock (mean arterial pressure, 30-35 mm Hg), animals were resuscitated with normal saline (NS; 3×volume) or FFP (1×volume; n=6/group). Six hours postresuscitation, brains were harvested and lesion size and swelling were evaluated. Levels of endothelial-derived vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) were also measured. FFP resuscitation was associated with reduced brain lesion size (1005.8 vs. 2081.9 mm(3); p=0.01) as well as swelling (11.5% vs. 19.4%; p=0.02). Further, FFP-resuscitated animals had higher brain oxygenation as well as cerebral perfusion pressures. Levels of cerebral eNOS were higher in the FFP-treated group (852.9 vs. 816.4 ng/mL; p=0.03), but no differences in brain levels of ET-1 were observed. Early administration of FFP is neuroprotective in a complex, large animal model of polytrauma, hemorrhage, and TBI. This is associated with a favorable brain oxygenation and cerebral perfusion pressure profile as well as higher levels of endothelial-derived vasodilator eNOS, compared to normal saline resuscitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Imam
- 1 Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|