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Liu J, Mai P, Yang Z, Wang Z, Yang W, Wang Z. Piceatannol Protects PC-12 Cells against Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Inhibiting Autophagy via SIRT3 Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2973. [PMID: 37447299 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as a major cause of cellular injury in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of piceatannol on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12) cell damage and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicated that piceatannol pre-treatment significantly attenuated H2O2-induced PC-12 cell death. Furthermore, piceatannol effectively improved mitochondrial content and mitochondrial function, including enhancing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination capacity and increasing mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM), peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondria Complex IV expression. Meanwhile, piceatannol treatment inhibited mitochondria-mediated autophagy as demonstrated by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing autophagosome formation and light chain 3B II/I (LC3B II/I) and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) expression level. The protein expression level of SIRT3 was significantly increased by piceatannol in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the cytoprotective effect of piceatannol was dramatically abolished by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) inhibitor, 3-(1H-1,2,3-Triazol-4-yl) pyridine (3-TYP), which led to an exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in PC-12 cells under oxidative stress. In addition, the autophagy activator (rapamycin) abrogated the protective effects of piceatannol on PC-12 cell death. These findings demonstrated that piceatannol could alleviate PC-12 cell oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting autophagy via the SIRT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Peishi Mai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Basic Science, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
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Yan T, Wang ZF, Wu XY, Du Q, Yu WH, Hu W, Zheng YK, Wang KY, Dong XQ. Plasma SIRT3 as a Biomarker of Severity and Prognosis After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:2199-2210. [PMID: 36187560 PMCID: PMC9524385 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s376717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SIRT3 may act as a brain-protective factor. We measured the plasma SIRT3 levels of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and further determined the relationship between plasma SIRT3 and clinical outcome plus severity of ICH. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we quantified plasma SIRT3 levels in 105 ICH patients and 72 healthy controls. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and hematoma volume were used to assess severity. Poor prognosis was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score of 1-3 at 90 days after ICH. RESULTS Plasma SIRT3 levels were markedly lower in patients than in controls (median, 10.19 versus 13.17 ng/mL; P<0.001). Among all patients, plasma SIRT3 levels were independently correlated with hematoma volume (beta, -0.098; 95% confidence interval, -0.158--0.039; t, -3.282; P=0.001) and GCS score (beta, 0.465; 95% confidence interval, 0.107-0.823; t, 2.576; P=0.011). A total of 46 cases had a poor prognosis at post-stroke 90 days. The plasma levels of SIRT3 significantly decreased in patients with a poor prognosis, compared with those with a good prognosis (median, 6.1 versus 11.2 ng/mL; P<0.001). Plasma SIRT3 was an independent predictor for 90-day poor prognosis of patients (odds ratio, 0.837; 95% confidence interval, 0.708-0.990; P=0.038). Plasma SIRT3 levels distinguished the development of poor prognosis with area under receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.801 (95% confidence interval, 0.711-0.872) and plasma SIRT3 levels ≤7.38 ng/mL predicted poor prognosis with 63.04% sensitivity and 93.22% specificity. CONCLUSION Declined plasma SIRT3 levels are highly associated with hemorrhagic severity and poor 90-day outcome, thus suggesting that plasma SIRT3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Fan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Yi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Obrador E, Salvador R, López-Blanch R, Jihad-Jebbar A, Vallés SL, Estrela JM. Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Mitochondria in the Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E901. [PMID: 32971909 PMCID: PMC7555310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron (MN) disease. Its primary cause remains elusive, although a combination of different causal factors cannot be ruled out. There is no cure, and prognosis is poor. Most patients with ALS die due to disease-related complications, such as respiratory failure, within three years of diagnosis. While the underlying mechanisms are unclear, different cell types (microglia, astrocytes, macrophages and T cell subsets) appear to play key roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pave the way leading to neurodegeneration and MN death. ALS-associated mitochondrial dysfunction occurs at different levels, and these organelles are involved in the mechanism of MN death. Molecular and cellular interactions are presented here as a sequential cascade of events. Based on our present knowledge, the discussion leads to the idea that feasible therapeutic strategies should focus in interfering with the pathophysiology of the disease at different steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 15 Av. Blasco Ibañez, 4601016 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (R.L.-B.); (A.J.-J.); (S.L.V.)
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Gomes P, Viana SD, Nunes S, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Reis F. The yin and yang faces of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 in age-related disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 57:100983. [PMID: 31740222 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging, the most important risk factor for many of the chronic diseases affecting Western society, is associated with a decline in mitochondrial function and dynamics. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondrial deacetylase that has emerged as a key regulator of fundamental processes which are frequently dysregulated in aging and related disorders. This review highlights recent advances and controversies regarding the yin and yang functions of SIRT3 in metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the use of SIRT3 modulators as a therapeutic strategy against those disorders. Although most studies point to a protective role upon SIRT3 activation, there are conflicting findings that need a better elucidation. The discovery of novel SIRT3 modulators with higher selectivity together with the assessment of the relative importance of different SIRT3 enzymatic activities and the relevance of crosstalk between distinct sirtuin isoforms will be pivotal to validate SIRT3 as a useful drug target for the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Singh-Mallah G, Nair S, Sandberg M, Mallard C, Hagberg H. The Role of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Models of Perinatal Brain Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:643-663. [PMID: 30957515 PMCID: PMC6657303 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Perinatal brain injury is caused by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in term neonates, perinatal arterial stroke, and infection/inflammation leading to devastating long-term neurodevelopmental deficits. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only currently available treatment but is not successful in more than 50% of term neonates suffering from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Thus, there is an urgent unmet need for alternative or adjunct therapies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for physiological signaling, however, their overproduction/accumulation from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during HI aggravate cell death. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Mechanisms underlying ER stress-associated ROS production have been primarily elucidated using either non-neuronal cells or adult neurodegenerative experimental models. Findings from mature brain cannot be simply transferred to the immature brain. Therefore, age-specific studies investigating ER stress modulators may help investigate ER stress-associated ROS pathways in the immature brain. New therapeutics such as mitochondrial site-specific ROS inhibitors that selectively inhibit superoxide (O2•-)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production are currently being developed. Future Directions: Because ER stress and oxidative stress accentuate each other, a combinatorial therapy utilizing both antioxidants and ER stress inhibitors may prove to be more protective against perinatal brain injury. Moreover, multiple relevant targets need to be identified for targeting ROS before they are formed. The role of organelle-specific ROS in brain repair needs investigation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 643-663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Syam Nair
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sidorova-Darmos E, Sommer R, Eubanks JH. The Role of SIRT3 in the Brain Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:196. [PMID: 30090057 PMCID: PMC6068278 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin enzymes are a family of highly seven conserved protein deacetylases, namely SIRT1 through SIRT7, whose enzymatic activities require the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Sirtuins reside in different compartments within cells, and their activities have been shown to regulate a number of cellular pathways involved in but not limited to stress management, apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Given the importance of mitochondrial functional state in neurodegenerative conditions, the mitochondrial SIRT3 sirtuin, which is the primary deacetylase within mitochondria, has garnered considerable recent attention. It is now clear that SIRT3 plays a major role in regulating a host of mitochondrial molecular cascades that can contribute to both normal and pathophysiological processes. However, most of the currently available knowledge on SIRT3 stems from studies in non-neuronal cells, and the consequences of the interactions between SIRT3 and its targets in the CNS are only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we will summarize current advances relating to SIRT3, and explore how its known functions could influence brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sidorova-Darmos
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosa Sommer
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James H Eubanks
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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miR-494-3p modulates the progression of in vitro and in vivo Parkinson’s disease models by targeting SIRT3. Neurosci Lett 2018; 675:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Zhang B, Li W, Dong M. Flavonoids of Kudzu Root Fermented by Eurtotium cristatum Protected Rat Pheochromocytoma Line 12 (PC12) Cells against H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2754. [PMID: 29257062 PMCID: PMC5751353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bioactive components have greatly attracted attention as they demonstrate health benefits. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) showed that isoflavonoid compounds of kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) fermented by Eurtotium cristatum and extracted using de-ionized water were higher active compared with non-fermented. A model of H₂O₂-inducd cell damage was built using rat pheochromocytoma line 12 (PC12) cell to observe the protective effect of non-fermented kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) (NFK) and fermented kudzu root (Pueraria lobata) (FK). Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed through inverted microscopy and flow cytometry. The level of lactate dehydrogenase, catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Results showed that NFK and FK could significantly protect PC12 cell against damage caused by H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The intracellular antioxidant system was increased, protected the cell membrane inhibit H₂O₂-induced apoptosis by scavenging of ROS. Moreover, NFK and FK regulated the cell cycle to prevent cell apoptosis. Isoflavonoid from the kudzu root especially fermented kudzu root with E. cristatum are potentially therapeutic drugs against diseases induced by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Key Construction Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou Institute Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China.
| | - Mingsheng Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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The PGC-1α Activator ZLN005 Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:929-939. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Luo H, Zhou M, Ji K, Zhuang J, Dang W, Fu S, Sun T, Zhang X. Expression of Sirtuins in the Retinal Neurons of Mice, Rats, and Humans. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:366. [PMID: 29249955 PMCID: PMC5715387 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of histone deacetylases (HDACs) that have been shown to regulate a range of pathophysiological processes such as cellular aging, inflammation, metabolism, and cell proliferation. There are seven mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) that play important roles in stress response, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the location and function of Sirtuins in neurons are not well defined. This study assessed the retinal expression of Sirtuins in mice, rats, and humans and measured the expression of Sirtuins in aged and injured retinas. Expression of all 7 Sirtuins was confirmed by Western blot and Real-Time PCR analysis in all three species. SIRT1 is highly expressed in mouse, rat, and human retinas, whereas SIRT2-7 expression was relatively lower in human retinas. Immunofluorescence was also used to examine the expression and localization of Sirtuins in rat retinal neurons. Importantly, we demonstrate a marked reduction of SIRT1 expression in aged retinal neurons as well as retinas injured by acute ischemia-reperfusion. On the other hand, none of the other Sirtuins exhibit any significant age-related changes in expression except for SIRT5, which was significantly higher in the retinas of adults compared to both young and aged rats. Our work presents the first composite analysis of Sirtuins in the retinal neurons of mice, rats, and humans, and suggests that increasing the expression and activity of SIRT1 may be beneficial for the treatment of glaucoma and other age-related eye dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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Gleave JA, Arathoon LR, Trinh D, Lizal KE, Giguère N, Barber JH, Najarali Z, Khan MH, Thiele SL, Semmen MS, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Eubanks JH, Trudeau LE, Nash JE. Sirtuin 3 rescues neurons through the stabilisation of mitochondrial biogenetics in the virally-expressing mutant α-synuclein rat model of parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:133-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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13
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Carnevale I, Pellegrini L, D'Aquila P, Saladini S, Lococo E, Polletta L, Vernucci E, Foglio E, Coppola S, Sansone L, Passarino G, Bellizzi D, Russo MA, Fini M, Tafani M. SIRT1-SIRT3 Axis Regulates Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress and Etoposide. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1835-1844. [PMID: 27925196 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are conserved NAD+ -dependent deacylases. SIRT1 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic sirtuin involved in the control of histones a transcription factors function. SIRT3 is a mitochondrial protein, which regulates mitochondrial function. Although, both SIRT1 and SIRT3 have been implicated in resistance to cellular stress, the link between these two sirtuins has not been studied so far. Here we aimed to unravel: i) the role of SIRT1-SIRT3 axis for cellular response to oxidative stress and DNA damage; ii) how mammalian cells modulate such SIRT1-SIRT3 axis and which mechanisms are involved. Therefore, we analyzed the response to different stress stimuli in WT or SIRT1-silenced cell lines. Our results demonstrate that SIRT1-silenced cells are more resistant to H2 O2 and etoposide treatment showing decreased ROS accumulation, γ-H2AX phosphorylation, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Interestingly, we observed that SIRT1-silenced cells show an increased SIRT3 expression. To explore such a connection, we carried out luciferase assays on SIRT3 promoter demonstrating that SIRT1-silencing increases SIRT3 promoter activity and that such an effect depends on the presence of SP1 and ZF5 recognition sequences on SIRT3 promoter. Afterwards, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrating that SIRT1 binds and deacetylates the transcription inhibitor ZF5 and that there is a decreased interaction between SP1 and ZF5 in SIRT1-silenced cells. Therefore, we speculate that acetylated ZF5 cannot bind and sequester SP1 that is free, then, to increase SIRT3 transcription. In conclusion, we demonstrate that cells with low SIRT1 levels can maintain their resistance and survival by increasing SIRT3 expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1835-1844, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Carnevale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico (CCP), Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Serena Saladini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Lococo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Polletta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Vernucci
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Coppola
- Physics of Life Processes, Kammerlingh Onnes-Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Sansone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Fini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tafani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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14
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SIRT3 Expression Decreases with Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Rat Cortical Neurons during Early Brain Injury Induced by Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8263926. [PMID: 28053989 PMCID: PMC5178331 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8263926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is an important protein deacetylase which predominantly presents in mitochondria and exhibits broad bioactivities including regulating energy metabolism and counteracting inflammatory effect. Since inflammatory cascade was proved to be critical for pathological damage following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we investigated the overall expression and cell-specific distribution of SIRT3 in the cerebral cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats with experimental SAH induced by internal carotid perforation. Results suggested that SIRT3 was expressed abundantly in neurons and endothelia but rarely in gliocytes in normal cerebral cortex. After experimental SAH, mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT3 decreased significantly as early as 8 hours and dropped to the minimum value at 24 h after SAH. By contrast, SOD2 expression increased slowly as early as 12 hours after experimental SAH, rose up sharply at the following 12 hours, and then was maintained at a higher level. In conclusion, attenuated SIRT3 expression in cortical neurons was associated closely with enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and cellular apoptosis, implying that SIRT3 might play an important neuroprotective role during early brain injury following SAH.
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15
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Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2989076. [PMID: 27413419 PMCID: PMC4928004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2989076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells present in most fetal and adult tissues. Ex vivo culture-expanded MSCs are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but their full clinical potential is far from realization. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in MSC biology, as their longevity and functions are affected by oxidative stress. In general, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit MSC proliferation, increase senescence, enhance adipogenic but reduce osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit MSC immunomodulation. Furthermore, aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo expansion, which is critical for their clinical applications. Modulation of sirtuin expression and activity may represent a method to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. These findings have important implications in the clinical utility of MSCs for degenerative and immunological based conditions. Further study of oxidative stress in MSCs is imperative in order to enhance MSC ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity.
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16
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Meng P, Wei J, Wang J, Liang J, Zhi Y, Geng Y. The involvement of sirtuins during optic nerve injury of rats. Neuroreport 2016; 27:361-5. [PMID: 26885868 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, comprised of seven members, protect cells from injury, possibly through different roles. In this study, we used two young rat optic nerve injury models to analyze the changes in Sirts 1-7 at different time points to better understand the role of sirtuins during optic nerve injury. Twelve-week-old adult male F344 rats (total n=42) were divided randomly into two groups. One group was subjected to optic nerve cut (ON-cut) and the other group was subjected to a peripheral nerve-optic nerve graft (PN-ON graft) on the left eye. At 1 and 3 days and 1, 2, and 4 weeks, rats were euthanized and retinas of both eyes were removed. Total RNA was extracted and first-strand cDNA was synthesized. Sirts 1-7 and housekeeping β-actin quantitative real-time PCR were performed. The quantitative real-time PCR profile showed that sirtuin mRNAs in both groups increased following optic nerve injury with and without peripheral nerve grafting. Sirt1 mRNA increased rapidly, reaching its peak at 3 days after surgery. Sirts 2-7 showed an increasing trend and remained high through 4 weeks after surgery. Sirts 4 and 6 were the only Sirts that increased in number in the PN-graft group at 4 weeks after surgery, where neuronal survival should be higher. Our data indicate that Sirt1 and Sirts 2-7 may play different or complementary roles in optic nerve injury and that Sirts 4 and 6 may play a greater role than the remaining Sirts in axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Meng
- aDepartment of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College bJoint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China cDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Bubenheimer RK, Brown IAM, Fried DE, McClain JL, Gulbransen BD. Sirtuin-3 Is Expressed by Enteric Neurons but It Does not Play a Major Role in Their Regulation of Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:73. [PMID: 27047337 PMCID: PMC4801875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut inflammation contributes to the development of gut motility disorders in part by disrupting the function and survival of enteric neurons through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress. How enteric neurons regulate oxidative stress is still poorly understood. Importantly, how neuron autonomous antioxidant mechanisms contribute to the susceptibility of enteric neurons to oxidative stress in disease is not known. Here, we discover that sirtuin-3 (Sirt3), a key regulator of oxidative stress and mitochondrial metabolism, is expressed by neurons in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the mouse colon. Given the important role of Sirt3 in the regulation of neuronal oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS), we hypothesized that Sirt3 plays an important role in the cell autonomous regulation of oxidative stress by enteric neurons and that a loss of Sirt3 increases neuronal vulnerability during intestinal inflammation. We tested our hypothesis using a combination of traditional immunohistochemistry, oxidative stress measurements and in vivo and ex vivo measures of GI motility in healthy and inflamed wild-type (wt) and Sirt3 null (Sirt3−/−) mice. Our results show that Sirt3 is widely expressed by neurons throughout the myenteric plexus of the mouse colon. However, the deletion of Sirt3 had surprisingly little effect on gut function and susceptibility to inflammation. Likewise, neither the genetic ablation of Sirt3 nor the inhibition of Sirt3 with antagonists had a significant effect on neuronal oxidative stress. Therefore, we conclude that Sirt3 contributes very little to the overall regulation of neuronal oxidative stress in the ENS. The functional relevance of Sirt3 in enteric neurons is still unclear but our data show that it is an unlikely candidate to explain neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Bubenheimer
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Isola A M Brown
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David E Fried
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brian D Gulbransen
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA; Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
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18
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Protective Role of Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) in Oxidative Stress Mediated by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150961. [PMID: 26950437 PMCID: PMC4780820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is accompanied by the induction of oxidative stress, especially mediated by HBV X protein (HBx). Oxidative stress has been implicated in a series of pathological states, such as DNA damage, cell survival and apoptosis. However, the host factor by which cells protect themselves under this oxidative stress is poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we first confirmed that HBV infection significantly induced oxidative stress. Moreover, viral protein HBx plays a major role in the oxidative stress induced by HBV. Importantly, we found that mitochondrial protein SIRT3 overexpression could decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by HBx while SIRT3 knockdown increased HBx-induced ROS. Importantly, SIRT3 overexpression abolished oxidative damage of HBx-expressing cells as evidenced by γH2AX and AP sites measurements. In contrast, SIRT3 knockdown promoted HBx-induced oxidative damage. In addition, we also observed that oxidant H2O2 markedly promoted HBV replication while the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited HBV replication. Significantly, SIRT3 overexpression inhibited HBV replication by reducing cellular ROS level. Conclusions/Significance Collectively, these data suggest HBx expression induces oxidative stress, which promotes cellular oxidative damage and viral replication during HBV pathogenesis. Mitochondrial protein SIRT3 protected HBx expressing-cells from oxidative damage and inhibited HBV replication possibly by decreased cellular ROS level. These studies shed new light on the physiological significance of SIRT3 on HBx-induced oxidative stress, which can contribute to the liver pathogenesis.
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19
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Novgorodov SA, Riley CL, Keffler JA, Yu J, Kindy MS, Macklin WB, Lombard DB, Gudz TI. SIRT3 Deacetylates Ceramide Synthases: IMPLICATIONS FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND BRAIN INJURY. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:1957-1973. [PMID: 26620563 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.668228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence supports the role of mitochondrial ceramide accumulation as a cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and brain injury after stroke. Herein, we report that SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial ceramide biosynthesis via deacetylation of ceramide synthase (CerS) 1, 2, and 6. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CerS1, CerS2, and CerS6, but not CerS4, are associated with SIRT3 in cerebral mitochondria. Furthermore, CerS1, -2, and -6 are hyperacetylated in the mitochondria of SIRT3-null mice, and SIRT3 directly deacetylates the ceramide synthases in a NAD(+)-dependent manner that increases enzyme activity. Investigation of the SIRT3 role in mitochondrial response to brain ischemia/reperfusion (IR) showed that SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of ceramide synthases increased enzyme activity and ceramide accumulation after IR. Functional studies demonstrated that absence of SIRT3 rescued the IR-induced blockade of the electron transport chain at the level of complex III, attenuated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, and decreased reactive oxygen species generation and protein carbonyls in mitochondria. Importantly, Sirt3 gene ablation reduced the brain injury after IR. These data support the hypothesis that IR triggers SIRT3-dependent deacetylation of ceramide synthases and the elevation of ceramide, which could inhibit complex III, leading to increased reactive oxygen species generation and brain injury. The results of these studies highlight a novel mechanism of SIRT3 involvement in modulating mitochondrial ceramide biosynthesis and suggest an important role of SIRT3 in mitochondrial dysfunction and brain injury after experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- the Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Christopher L Riley
- From the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
| | - Jarryd A Keffler
- the Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Jin Yu
- the Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Mark S Kindy
- From the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, and
| | - David B Lombard
- the Department of Pathology and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Tatyana I Gudz
- the Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425,; From the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401,.
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20
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder that affects 0.5% to 2% of the world population. Three different forms are classified according to the distribution of lesions; namely non-segmental, segmental and mixed vitiligo. Vitiligo is associated with polymorphisms in genes involved in the immune response and in melanogenesis. However, environmental factors are required for the development of manifest disease. In general, the diagnosis is clinical and no laboratory tests or biopsies are required. Metabolic alterations are central to current concepts in pathophysiology. They induce an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to mild exogenous stimuli in the epidermis. This produces a senescent phenotype of skin cells, leads to the release of innate immune molecules, which trigger autoimmunity, and ultimately causes dysfunction and death of melanocytes. Clinical management aims to halt depigmentation, and to either repigment or depigment the skin, depending on the extent of disease. New therapeutic approaches include stimulation of melanocyte differentiation and proliferation through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues and through epidermal stem cell engineering. Several questions remain unsolved, including the connection between melanocyte depletion and stem cell exhaustion, the underlying degenerative mechanisms and the biological mediators of cell death. Overall, vitiligo is an excellent model for studying degenerative and autoimmune processes and for testing novel approaches in regenerative medicine. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/vIhFSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Dell'Anna
- Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IFO IRCCS, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Iltefat Hamzavi
- Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Harris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Service de Dermatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatrique, Centre de référence pour les maladies rares de la peau, INSERM 1035, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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