1
|
Lee HJ, Cho HR, Bang M, Lee YS, Kim YJ, Chong K. Potential Risk of Choline Alfoscerate on Isoflurane-Induced Toxicity in Primary Human Astrocytes. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:418-430. [PMID: 37859347 PMCID: PMC11220420 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isoflurane, a widely used common inhalational anesthetic agent, can induce brain toxicity. The challenge lies in protecting neurologically compromised patients from neurotoxic anesthetics. Choline alfoscerate (L-α-Glycerophosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is recognized for its neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress and inflammation, but its optimal therapeutic window and indications are still under investigation. This study explores the impact of α-GPC on human astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain that protect against oxidative stress, under isoflurane exposure. METHODS This study was designed to examine changes in factors related to isoflurane-induced toxicity following α-GPC administration. Primary human astrocytes were pretreated with varying doses of α-GPC (ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 μM) for 24 hours prior to 2.5% isoflurane exposure. In vitro analysis of cell morphology, water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, proteome profiler array, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted. RESULTS A significant morphological damage to human astrocytes was observed in the group that had been pretreated with 10.0 mM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane. A decrease in cell viability was identified in the group pretreated with 10.0 μM of α-GPC and exposed to 2.5% isoflurane compared to the group exposed only to 2.5% isoflurane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that mRNA expression of heme-oxygenase 1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, which were reduced by isoflurane, was further suppressed by 10.0 μM α-GPC pretreatment. The proteome profiler array demonstrated that α-GPC pretreatment influenced a variety of factors associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing identified pathways significantly related to changes in isoflurane-induced toxicity caused by α-GPC pretreatment. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that α-GPC pretreatment could potentially enhance the vulnerability of primary human astrocytes to isoflurane-induced toxicity by diminishing the expression of antioxidant factors, potentially leading to amplified cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Song Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyuha Chong
- Photo-Theranosis and Bioinformatics for Tumor Laboratory, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saribal D, Çalis H, Ceylan Z, Depciuch J, Cebulski J, Guleken Z. Investigation of the structural changes in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex using FTIR spectroscopy in sleep deprived mice. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124702. [PMID: 38917751 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a basic, physiological requirement for living things to survive and is a process that covers one third of our lives. Melatonin is a hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of sleep. Sleep deprivation affect brain structures and functions. Sleep deprivation causes a decrease in brain activity, with particularly negative effects on the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Despite the essential role of protein and lipids vibrations, polysaccharides, fatty acid side chains functional groups, and ratios between amides in brain structures and functions, the brain chemical profile exposed to gentle handling sleep deprivation model versus Melatonin exposure remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study, aims to investigate a molecular profile of these regions using FTIR spectroscopy measurement's analysis based on lipidomic approach with chemometrics and multivariate analysis to evaluate changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, prefrontal regions of the brain. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to either the control or sleep deprivation group, resulting in four experimental groups: Control (C) (n = 6), Control + Melatonin (C + M) (n = 6), Sleep Deprivation (S) (n = 6), and Sleep Deprivation + Melatonin (S + M) (n = 6). Interventions were administered each morning via intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle solution (%1 ethanol + saline), while the S and S + M groups underwent 6 h of daily sleep deprivation from using the Gentle Handling method. All mice were individually housed in cages with ad libitum access to food and water within a 12-hour light-dark cycle. Results presented that the brain regions affected by insomnia. The structure of phospholipids, changed. Yet, not only changes in lipids but also in amides were noticed in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues. Additionally, FTIR results showed that melatonin affected the lipids as well as the amides fraction in cortex and hippocampus collected from both control and sleep deprivation groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Saribal
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Çalis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bağcılar State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Ceylan
- Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Joanna Depciuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-093, Poland; Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Cebulski
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Zozan Guleken
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shigemura T, Osone F, Hara A, Miyano K, Okada A, Yokokawa T, Shirayama Y. Alterations in metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus and their associations with pain and empathy in patients with chronic mild pain: a preliminary study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02791-1. [PMID: 38896135 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has shown inconsistent alterations in the brain metabolites of individuals with chronic pain. We used 3T 1H-MRS to investigate the brain metabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus of 22 patients with chronic mild pain and no gait disturbance and 22 healthy controls. The chronic-pain group included patients with chronic low back pain and/or osteoarthritis but none suffering from hypersensitivity. There were no significant between group-differences in glutamate, glutamate plus glutamine (Glx), N-acetylaspartate, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), glutamine, creatine plus phosphocreatine, or myo-inositol in the anterior cingulate cortex, but the patients showed a significant decrease in GPC, but not other metabolites, in the thalamus compared to the controls. The GPC values in the patients' thalamus were significantly correlated with pain components on the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) and affective empathy components on the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE). The GPC in the patients' anterior cingulate cortex showed significant correlations with cognitive empathy components on the QCAE. Myo-inositol in the controls' anterior cingulate cortex and Glx in the patients' thalamus each showed significant relationships with peripheral responsivity on the QCAE. These significances were not significant after Bonferroni corrections. These preliminary findings indicate important roles of GPC, myo-inositol, and Glx in the brain of patients with chronic mild pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shigemura
- Department of Orthopedics, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Fumio Osone
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyano
- Department of Pain Control Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Okada
- Department of Psychology, Sapporo International University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokuzou Yokokawa
- Department of Radiology, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara, 299-0111, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dymek A, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Bartosiewicz A. Choline-An Underappreciated Component of a Mother-to-Be's Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1767. [PMID: 38892700 PMCID: PMC11174651 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional status of the mother-to-be has a key impact on the proper development of the fetus. Although all nutrients are important for the developing baby, recent research indicates the importance of adequate choline intake during the periconceptional period, pregnancy, and lactation. Choline plays a key role in the biosynthesis of cell membranes, supporting liver function, neurotransmission, brain development, and DNA and histone methylation. Choline participates in the formation of a child's nervous system, supports its cognitive development, and reduces the risk of neural tube defects. The human body is incapable of producing sufficient choline to meet its needs; therefore, it must be obtained from the diet. Current data indicate that most women in their reproductive years do not achieve the recommended daily intake of choline. The presented narrative review indicates the importance of educating mothers-to-be and thereby increasing their awareness of the effects of choline on maternal and child health, which can lead to a more aware and healthy pregnancy and proper child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dymek
- Students Scientific Club of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bartosiewicz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guarino A, Pignata P, Lovisari F, Asth L, Simonato M, Soukupova M. Cognitive comorbidities in the rat pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1392977. [PMID: 38872822 PMCID: PMC11171745 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1392977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with epilepsy are prone to cognitive decline, depression, anxiety and other behavioral disorders. Cognitive comorbidities are particularly common and well-characterized in people with temporal lobe epilepsy, while inconsistently addressed in epileptic animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is good evidence of cognitive comorbidities in animal models of epilepsy, in particular in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. We searched the literature published between 1990 and 2023. The association of spontaneous recurrent seizures induced by pilocarpine with cognitive alterations has been evaluated by using various tests: contextual fear conditioning (CFC), novel object recognition (NOR), radial and T-maze, Morris water maze (MWM) and their variants. Combination of results was difficult because of differences in methodological standards, in number of animals employed, and in outcome measures. Taken together, however, the analysis confirmed that pilocarpine-induced epilepsy has an effect on cognition in rats, and supports the notion that this is a valid model for assessment of cognitive temporal lobe epilepsy comorbidities in preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Guarino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Pignata
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lovisari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laila Asth
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Soukupova
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang HW, Kho AR, Lee SH, Kang BS, Park MK, Lee CJ, Park SW, Woo SY, Kim DY, Jung HH, Choi BY, Yang WI, Song HK, Choi HC, Park JK, Suh SW. A phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, amlexanox, reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death after pilocarpine-induced seizure. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00357. [PMID: 38631990 PMCID: PMC11067350 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, a complex neurological disorder, is characterized by recurrent seizures caused by aberrant electrical activity in the brain. Central to this study is the role of lysosomal dysfunction in epilepsy, which can lead to the accumulation of toxic substrates and impaired autophagy in neurons. Our focus is on phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by converting it into adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In pathological states, including epilepsy, increased PDE4 activity contributes to a decrease in cAMP levels, which may exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses. We hypothesized that amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory drug and non-selective PDE4 inhibitor, could offer neuroprotection by addressing lysosomal dysfunction and mitigating neuroinflammation, ultimately preventing neuronal death in epileptic conditions. Our research utilized a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy animal model to investigate amlexanox's potential benefits. Administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily following the onset of a seizure, we monitored its effects on lysosomal function, inflammation, neuronal death, and cognitive performance in the brain. Tissue samples from various brain regions were collected at predetermined intervals for a comprehensive analysis. The study's results were significant. Amlexanox effectively improved lysosomal function, which we attribute to the modulation of zinc's influx into the lysosomes, subsequently enhancing autophagic processes and decreasing the release of inflammatory factors. Notably, this led to the attenuation of neuronal death in the hippocampal region. Additionally, cognitive function, assessed through the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the Barnes maze test, showed substantial improvements after treatment with amlexanox. These promising outcomes indicate that amlexanox has potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of epilepsy and related brain disorders. Its ability to combat lysosomal dysfunction and neuroinflammation positions it as a potential neuroprotective intervention. While these findings are encouraging, further research and clinical trials are essential to fully explore and validate the therapeutic efficacy of amlexanox in epilepsy management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - A Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seo Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Jung
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Il Yang
- Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Neurology, Hallym University, College of Medicine, 1-Okcheon Dong, 39 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-708, Republic of Korea; Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Speers AB, Wright KM, Brandes MS, Kedjejian N, Matthews DG, Caruso M, Harris CJ, Koike S, Nguyen T, Quinn JF, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Mode of administration influences plasma levels of active Centella asiatica compounds in 5xFAD mice while markers of neuroinflammation remain unaltered. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1277626. [PMID: 38591068 PMCID: PMC10999680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1277626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A water extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban [Apiaceae] (CAW) has demonstrated cognitive-enhancing effects in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and aging, the magnitude of which is influenced by whether CAW is delivered in the drinking water or the diet. These cognitive benefits are accompanied by improvements in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in the brain, two pathways related to the neuroinflammatory response. The effect of CAW on neuroinflammation, however, has not been directly studied. Here, we investigated the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice and compared plasma levels of CAW's active compounds following two modes of CAW administration. Methods Eight-to-nine-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates were administered CAW in their diet or drinking water (0 or 1,000 mg/kg/day) for five weeks. Immunohistochemistry was performed for β-amyloid (Aβ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I (GSL I) in the cortex and hippocampus. Gene expression of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, TREM2, AIF1, CX3CR1, CX3CL1, CD36, C3AR1, RAGE, CCR6, CD3E) was measured in the deep grey matter. Results CAW decreased cortical Aβ plaque burden in female 5xFAD mice administered CAW in the drinking water but had no effect on Aβ plaques in other treatment groups. CAW did not impact elevated levels of GFAP or GSL I in 5xFAD mice, regardless of sex, brain region, or mode of CAW administration. In the deep grey matter, CAW increased C3AR1 expression in 5xFAD females administered CAW in the drinking water and decreased IL-1β expression in 5xFAD males administered CAW in the diet. CAW had no effect, however, on gene expression levels of any other inflammatory mediator in the deep grey, for either sex or mode of CAW administration. Mice administered CAW in the drinking water versus the diet had significantly higher plasma levels of CAW compounds. Discussion CAW had little impact on the neuroinflammatory markers selected for evaluation in the present study, suggesting that the cognitive benefits of CAW may not be mediated by an anti-inflammatory effect or that additional molecular markers are needed to fully characterize the effect of CAW on neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Speers
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mikah S. Brandes
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nareg Kedjejian
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Christopher J. Harris
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Seiji Koike
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thuan Nguyen
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- BENFRA Botanical Dietary Supplements Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee CJ, Lee SH, Kang BS, Park MK, Yang HW, Woo SY, Park SW, Kim DY, Jeong HH, Yang WI, Kho AR, Choi BY, Song HK, Choi HC, Kim YJ, Suh SW. Effects of L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (LTCC) Inhibition on Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:389. [PMID: 38671837 PMCID: PMC11047745 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, marked by abnormal and excessive brain neuronal activity, is linked to the activation of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) in neuronal membranes. LTCCs facilitate the entry of calcium (Ca2+) and other metal ions, such as zinc (Zn2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), into the cytosol. This Ca2+ influx at the presynaptic terminal triggers the release of Zn2+ and glutamate to the postsynaptic terminal. Zn2+ is then transported to the postsynaptic neuron via LTCCs. The resulting Zn2+ accumulation in neurons significantly increases the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neuronal death. Amlodipine (AML), typically used for hypertension and coronary artery disease, works by inhibiting LTCCs. We explored whether AML could mitigate Zn2+ translocation and accumulation in neurons, potentially offering protection against seizure-induced hippocampal neuronal death. We tested this by establishing a rat epilepsy model with pilocarpine and administering AML (10 mg/kg, orally, daily for 7 days) post-epilepsy onset. We assessed cognitive function through behavioral tests and conducted histological analyses for Zn2+ accumulation, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Our findings show that AML's LTCC inhibition decreased excessive Zn2+ accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and hippocampal neuronal death following seizures. These results suggest amlodipine's potential as a therapeutic agent in seizure management and mitigating seizures' detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Beom-Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Seo-Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Se-Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Ho Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
| | - Won-Il Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - A-Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bo-Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong-Ki Song
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui-Chul Choi
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea; (H.-K.S.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Sang-Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea; (C.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (B.-S.K.); (M.-K.P.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.-Y.W.); (S.-W.P.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-H.J.); (W.-I.Y.)
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Umino M, Okuda M, Ohkubo T, Fujii T, Matsubara K. Long-term intake of α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC) suppresses microglial inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and promotes neurogenesis in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1537-1542. [PMID: 37723613 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of long-term glycerophosphocholine (GPC) intake on microglia, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and neurogenesis in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8). The GPC intake suppressed microglial activation and BBB disruption and sustained doublecortin-positive cells in the hippocampus. The results indicate that GPC intake exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain of aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuki Umino
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Okuda
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkubo
- Department of Health Nutrition, Sendai Shirayuri Women's College, Sehndai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kiminori Matsubara
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Graham AS, Ben-Azu B, Tremblay MÈ, Torre P, Senekal M, Laughton B, van der Kouwe A, Jankiewicz M, Kaba M, Holmes MJ. A review of the auditory-gut-brain axis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1183694. [PMID: 37600010 PMCID: PMC10435389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss places a substantial burden on medical resources across the world and impacts quality of life for those affected. Further, it can occur peripherally and/or centrally. With many possible causes of hearing loss, there is scope for investigating the underlying mechanisms involved. Various signaling pathways connecting gut microbes and the brain (the gut-brain axis) have been identified and well established in a variety of diseases and disorders. However, the role of these pathways in providing links to other parts of the body has not been explored in much depth. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore potential underlying mechanisms that connect the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. Using select keywords in PubMed, and additional hand-searching in google scholar, relevant studies were identified. In this review we summarize the key players in the auditory-gut-brain axis under four subheadings: anatomical, extracellular, immune and dietary. Firstly, we identify important anatomical structures in the auditory-gut-brain axis, particularly highlighting a direct connection provided by the vagus nerve. Leading on from this we discuss several extracellular signaling pathways which might connect the ear, gut and brain. A link is established between inflammatory responses in the ear and gut microbiome-altering interventions, highlighting a contribution of the immune system. Finally, we discuss the contribution of diet to the auditory-gut-brain axis. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose numerous possible key players connecting the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. In the future, a more thorough investigation of these key players in animal models and human research may provide insight and assist in developing effective interventions for treating hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Graham
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Torre
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Physiological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Barbara Laughton
- Family Clinical Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marcin Jankiewicz
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha J. Holmes
- Imaging Sciences, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- ImageTech, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McDew-White M, Lee E, Premadasa LS, Alvarez X, Okeoma CM, Mohan M. Cannabinoids modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HIV/SIV infection by reducing neuroinflammation and dysbiosis while concurrently elevating endocannabinoid and indole-3-propionate levels. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:62. [PMID: 36890518 PMCID: PMC9993397 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the advent of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic disease, an estimated 30-50% of people living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit cognitive and motor deficits collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A key driver of HAND neuropathology is chronic neuroinflammation, where proinflammatory mediators produced by activated microglia and macrophages are thought to inflict neuronal injury and loss. Moreover, the dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in PLWH, consequent to gastrointestinal dysfunction and dysbiosis, can lead to neuroinflammation and persistent cognitive impairment, which underscores the need for new interventions. METHODS We performed RNA-seq and microRNA profiling in basal ganglia (BG), metabolomics (plasma) and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (colon contents) in uninfected and SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) administered vehicle (VEH/SIV) or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (THC/SIV). RESULTS Long-term, low-dose THC reduced neuroinflammation and dysbiosis and significantly increased plasma endocannabinoid, endocannabinoid-like, glycerophospholipid and indole-3-propionate levels in chronically SIV-infected RMs. Chronic THC potently blocked the upregulation of genes associated with type-I interferon responses (NLRC5, CCL2, CXCL10, IRF1, IRF7, STAT2, BST2), excitotoxicity (SLC7A11), and enhanced protein expression of WFS1 (endoplasmic reticulum stress) and CRYM (oxidative stress) in BG. Additionally, THC successfully countered miR-142-3p-mediated suppression of WFS1 protein expression via a cannabinoid receptor-1-mediated mechanism in HCN2 neuronal cells. Most importantly, THC significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridia including indole-3-propionate (C. botulinum, C. paraputrificum, and C. cadaveris) and butyrate (C. butyricum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum) producers in colonic contents. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of long-term, low-dose THC to positively modulate the MGBA by reducing neuroinflammation, enhancing endocannabinoid levels and promoting the growth of gut bacterial species that produce neuroprotective metabolites, like indole-3-propionate. The findings from this study may benefit not only PLWH on cART, but also those with no access to cART and more importantly, those who fail to suppress the virus under cART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina McDew-White
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Lakmini S Premadasa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595-1524, USA
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5302, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Hu Z, Chen X, Zhu B, Liu T, Yang J. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Gonostegia hirta: An Underexploited, Potentially Edible, Wild Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:875. [PMID: 36840225 PMCID: PMC9967410 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wild, edible plants have received increasing attention as an important complement to cultivate vegetables, as they represent an easily accessible source of nutrients, mineral elements, and antioxidants. In this study, the tender stems and leaves of Gonostegia hirta, an edible species for which only scarce data are available in the literature, are thoroughly evaluated for their nutritional profile, chemical characterization, and antioxidant activity. Being considered as an underexploited, potentially edible plant, the nutritional composition of Gonostegia hirta was identified, and several beneficial compounds were highlighted: sugars, potassium, calcium, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolics, and flavonoids. A total of 418 compounds were identified by metabolomic analysis, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, lipids, organic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, nucleotides, tannins, lignans, and coumarin. The plant sample was found to have good antioxidant capacities, presented by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS+, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and its resistance to the superoxide anion radical test. In general, Gonostegia hirta has a good nutritional and phytochemical composition. The health benefits of Gonostegia hirta as a vegetable and herbal medicine is important for both a modern diet and use in medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tingfu Liu
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang BS, Choi BY, Kho AR, Lee SH, Hong DK, Park MK, Lee SH, Lee CJ, Yang HW, Woo SY, Park SW, Kim DY, Park JB, Chung WS, Suh SW. Effects of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) Gene Deletion on Astrocyte-Specific Glycolysis and Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:491. [PMID: 36830049 PMCID: PMC9952809 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. Astrocytes have a role in bidirectionally converting pyruvate, generated via glycolysis, into lactate and then supplying it to neurons through astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS). Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate during glycolysis in astrocytes. We hypothesized that a reduction in lactate supply in astrocyte PKM2 gene deletion exacerbates neuronal death. Mice harboring a PKM2 gene deletion were established by administering tamoxifen to Aldh1l1-CreERT2; PKM2f/f mice. Upon development of global cerebral ischemia, mice were immediately injected with sodium l-lactate (250 mg/kg, i.p.). To verify our hypothesis, we compared oxidative damage, microtubule disruption, ANLS disruption, and neuronal death between the gene deletion and control subjects. We observed that PKM2 gene deletion increases the degree of neuronal damage and impairment of lactate metabolism in the hippocampal region after GCI. The lactate administration groups showed significantly reduced neuronal death and increases in neuron survival and cognitive function. We found that lactate supply via the ANLS in astrocytes plays a crucial role in maintaining energy metabolism in neurons. Lactate administration may have potential as a therapeutic tool to prevent neuronal damage following ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Kho
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, College of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Juhn Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Wook Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Woo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wan Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences and KAIST Stem Cell Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, Varzideh F, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Choline supplements: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148166. [PMID: 36950691 PMCID: PMC10025538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- ASL Avellino, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Angela Lombardi,
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sailike B, Omarova Z, Jenis J, Adilbayev A, Akbay B, Askarova S, Jin WL, Tokay T. Neuroprotective and anti-epileptic potentials of genus Artemisia L. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1021501. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1021501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Genus Artemisia L. is one of the largest genera in the Asteraceae family growing wild over in Europe, North America, and Central Asia and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Phytochemical and psychopharmacological studies indicated that the genus Artemisia extracts contain various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor activity. Recently, increasing experimental studies demonstrated that many Artemisia extracts offer a great antiepileptic potential, which was attributed to their bioactive components via various mechanisms of action. However, detailed literature on the antiepileptic properties of the genus Artemisia and its mechanism of action is segregated. In this review, we tried to gather the detailed neuroprotective and antiepileptic properties of the genus Artemisia and its possible underlying mechanisms. In this respect, 63 articles were identified in the PubMed and Google scholars databases, from which 18 studies were examined based on the pharmacological use of the genus Artemisia species in epilepsy. The genus Artemisia extracts have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotransmitter-modulating, anti-apoptotic, anticonvulsant, and pro-cognitive properties by modulating oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial ROS production and an imbalance of antioxidant enzymes, by protecting mitochondrial membrane potential required for ATP production, by upregulating GABA-A receptor and nACh receptor activities, and by interfering with various anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, such as mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, ERK/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway and Nrf2 pathway. This review provides detailed information about some species of the genus Artemisia as potential antiepileptic agents. Hence, we recommend further investigations on the purification and identification of the most biological effective compounds of Artemisia and the mechanisms of their action to cure epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Roy P, Tomassoni D, Nittari G, Traini E, Amenta F. Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:988759. [PMID: 36212684 PMCID: PMC9541750 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.988759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of choline and of choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) on the maintenance and progress of neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity are analyzed. NVU is composed of neurons, glial and vascular cells ensuring the correct homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and indirectly the function of the central nervous system. The CCPLs phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), choline alphoscerate or α-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine (α-GPC) contribute to the modulation of the physiology of the NVU cells. A loss of CCPLs contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease. Our study has characterized the cellular components of the NVU and has reviewed the effect of lecithin, of CDP-choline and α-GPC documented in preclinical studies and in limited clinical trials on these compounds. The interesting results obtained with some CCPLs, in particular with α-GPC, probably would justify reconsideration of the most promising molecules in larger attentively controlled studies. This can also contribute to better define the role of the NVU in the pathophysiology of brain disorders characterized by vascular impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giulio Nittari
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Medicinal and Health Products Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Amenta,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang M, Lee DB, Kwon S, Lee E, Kim WJ. Effectiveness of Nootropics in Combination with Cholinesterase Inhibitors on Cognitive Function in Mild-to-Moderate Dementia: A Study Using Real-World Data. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164661. [PMID: 36012898 PMCID: PMC9409895 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefits of nootropics in the treatment of cognitive decline has been either limited or controversial. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) and nootropics combination in the treatment of cognitive impairment in dementia. Data were based on electronic medical records in a university health system. Patients with mild-to-moderate dementia and no history of prior cognitive enhancer use were included (n = 583). The subjects were categorized into the ChEI only group and the ChEI and nootropics combination group. The primary outcome measure was the change in cognitive function, as assessed by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) from baseline to 300–400 days after the first ChEI prescription. Subsequent analyses were conducted in consideration of the dementia type, medical adherence, and type of nootropics. The changes in MMSE scores from baseline to endpoint were not significantly different between the two groups. In Alzheimer’s dementia, the combination group showed significantly less deterioration in MMSE language subscale scores compared to the ChEI only group (F = 6.86, p = 0.009), and the difference was consistent in the highly adherent subjects (F = 10.16, p = 0.002). The choline alfoscerate and the ginkgo biloba extract subgroups in Alzheimer’s dementia showed more significant improvements in the MMSE language subscale scores compared to the other nootropics subgroup (F = 7.04, p = 0.001). The present study showed that the effectiveness of ChEI and nootropics combination on cognition may appear differently according to the dementia type. This emphasizes the need for well-controlled studies to generalize the effectiveness of nootropics across various clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Dan Bee Lee
- Medical Information Team, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea
| | - Sungchan Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Medical Information Team, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Enhancing Soluble Expression of Phospholipase B for Efficient Catalytic Synthesis of L-Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase B (PLB) harbors three distinct activities with broad substrate specificities and application fields. Its hydrolyzing of sn-1 and sn-2 acyl ester bonds enables it to catalyze the production of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) from phosphatidylcholine (PC) without speed-limiting acyl migration. This work was intended to obtain high-level active PLB and apply it to establish an efficient system for L-α-GPC synthesis. PLB from Pseudomonas fluorescens was co-expressed with five different molecular chaperones, including trigger factor (Tf), GroEL-GroES (GroELS), DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE (DnaKJE), GroELS and DnaKJE, or GroELS and Tf or fused with maltose binding protein (MBP) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) to improve PLB expression. PLB with DnaKJE-assisted expression exhibited the highest catalytic activity. Further optimization of the expression conditions identified an optimal induction OD600 of 0.8, IPTG concentration of 0.3 mmol/L, induction time of 9 h, and temperature of 25 °C. The PLB activity reached a maximum of 524.64 ± 3.28 U/mg under optimal conditions. Subsequently, to establish an efficient PLB-catalyzed system for L-α-GPC synthesis, a series of organic-aqueous mixed systems and surfactant-supplemented aqueous systems were designed and constructed. Furthermore, the factors of temperature, reaction pH, metal ions, and substrate concentration were further systematically identified. Finally, a high yield of 90.50 ± 2.21% was obtained in a Span 60-supplemented aqueous system at 40 °C and pH 6.0 with 0.1 mmol/L of Mg2+. The proposed cost-effective PLB production and an environmentally friendly PLB-catalyzed system offer a candidate strategy for the industrial production of L-α-GPC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeong Yu H, Lin Kim Y, Jung Kim M, Mee Park J, Young Park S, Nae Park S, Won Yang D. The Effect of Choline Alphoscerate on Non spatial memory and Neuronal Differentiation in a Rat Model of Dual Stress. Brain Res 2022; 1786:147900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
20
|
Kolykhalov I, Androsova L, Gavrilova S. Clinical and immunological effects of choline alfoscerate in the treatment of amnestic type Mild Cognitive Impairment. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:59-66. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212211259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Speers AB, García-Jaramillo M, Feryn A, Matthews DG, Lichtenberg T, Caruso M, Wright KM, Quinn JF, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Soumyanath A, Gray NE. Centella asiatica Alters Metabolic Pathways Associated With Alzheimer's Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of ß-Amyloid Accumulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:788312. [PMID: 34975484 PMCID: PMC8717922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is an herb used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine for its beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Our group has previously shown that a water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) elicits cognitive-enhancing effects in animal models of aging and Alzheimer's disease, including a dose-related effect of CAW on memory in the 5xFAD mouse model of ß-amyloid accumulation. Here, we endeavor to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of CAW in the brain by conducting a metabolomic analysis of cortical tissue from 5xFAD mice treated with increasing concentrations of CAW. Tissue was collected from 8-month-old male and female 5xFAD mice and their wild-type littermates treated with CAW (0, 200, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg/d) dissolved in their drinking water for 5 weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed and relative levels of 120 annotated metabolites were assessed in the treatment groups. Metabolomic analysis revealed sex differences in the effect of the 5xFAD genotype on metabolite levels compared to wild-type mice, and variations in the metabolomic response to CAW depending on sex, genotype, and CAW dose. In at least three of the four treated groups (5xFAD or wild-type, male or female), CAW (500 mg/kg/d) significantly altered metabolic pathways related to purine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results are in line with some of our previous findings regarding specific mechanisms of action of CAW (e.g., improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and increasing synaptic density). Furthermore, these findings provide new information about additional, potential mechanisms for the cognitive-enhancing effect of CAW, including upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the brain and modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These metabolic pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the therapeutic potential of CAW in this neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex B. Speers
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Manuel García-Jaramillo
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Alicia Feryn
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Donald G. Matthews
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Talia Lichtenberg
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Wright
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center, Veterans’ Administration Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Amala Soumyanath
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Z, Hazen J, Jia X, Org E, Zhao Y, Osborn LJ, Nimer N, Buffa J, Culley MK, Krajcik D, van den Born BJH, Zwinderman K, Levison BS, Nieuwdorp M, Lusis AJ, DiDonato JA, Hazen SL. The Nutritional Supplement L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine Promotes Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13477. [PMID: 34948275 PMCID: PMC8708068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a nutritional supplement, has been demonstrated to improve neurological function. However, a new study suggests that GPC supplementation increases incident stroke risk thus its potential adverse effects warrant further investigation. Here we show that GPC promotes atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apoe-/- mice. GPC can be metabolized to trimethylamine N-oxide, a pro-atherogenic agent, suggesting a potential molecular mechanism underlying the observed atherosclerosis progression. GPC supplementation shifted the gut microbial community structure, characterized by increased abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides and decreased abundance of Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These data are consistent with a reduction in fecal and cecal short chain fatty acids in GPC-fed mice. Additionally, we found that GPC supplementation led to an increased relative abundance of choline trimethylamine lyase (cutC)-encoding bacteria via qPCR. Interrogation of host inflammatory signaling showed that GPC supplementation increased expression of the proinflammatory effectors CXCL13 and TIMP-1 and activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Finally, targeted and untargeted metabolomic analysis of murine plasma revealed additional metabolites associated with GPC supplementation and atherosclerosis. In summary, our results show GPC promotes atherosclerosis through multiple mechanisms and that caution should be applied when using GPC as a nutritional supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennie Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Elin Org
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nisreen Nimer
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Miranda K. Culley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Daniel Krajcik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Bert-Jan H. van den Born
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Koos Zwinderman
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (B.-J.H.v.d.B.); (K.Z.); (M.N.)
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (J.H.); (X.J.); (Y.Z.); (L.J.O.); (N.N.); (J.B.); (M.K.C.); (D.K.); (J.A.D.); (S.L.H.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Javaid S, Farooq T, Rehman Z, Afzal A, Ashraf W, Rasool MF, Alqahtani F, Alsanea S, Alasmari F, Alanazi MM, Alharbi M, Imran I. Dynamics of Choline-Containing Phospholipids in Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111313. [PMID: 34768742 PMCID: PMC8583393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidences of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are increasing globally because of expanding population and increased dependencies on motorized vehicles and machines. This has resulted in increased socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, as TBIs are often associated with mental and physical morbidities with lifelong dependencies, and have severely limited therapeutic options. There is an emerging need to identify the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these injuries to life-long neurodegenerative disease and a therapeutic strategy to counter them. This review highlights the dynamics and role of choline-containing phospholipids during TBIs and how they can be used to evaluate the severity of injuries and later targeted to mitigate neuro-degradation, based on clinical and preclinical studies. Choline-based phospholipids are involved in maintaining the structural integrity of the neuronal/glial cell membranes and are simultaneously the essential component of various biochemical pathways, such as cholinergic neuronal transmission in the brain. Choline or its metabolite levels increase during acute and chronic phases of TBI because of excitotoxicity, ischemia and oxidative stress; this can serve as useful biomarker to predict the severity and prognosis of TBIs. Moreover, the effect of choline-replenishing agents as a post-TBI management strategy has been reviewed in clinical and preclinical studies. Overall, this review determines the theranostic potential of choline phospholipids and provides new insights in the management of TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Talha Farooq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Zohabia Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ammara Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Waseem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Muhammad Fawad Rasool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-114697749
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Mufadhe Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.A.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.J.); (T.F.); (Z.R.); (A.A.); (W.A.); (I.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou C, Cai M, Wang Y, Wu W, Yin Y, Wang X, Hu G, Wang H, Tan Q, Peng Z. The Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive Impairment and the Brain Lipidome in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:706786. [PMID: 34335176 PMCID: PMC8316767 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.706786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on myelin integrity have been extensively studied, and growing evidence suggests that rTMS is beneficial in improving cognitive functions and promoting myelin repair. However, the association between cognitive improvement due to rTMS and changes in brain lipids remains elusive. In this study, we used the Y-maze and 3-chamber tests, as well as a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach in a CPZ-induced demyelination model in mice to assess the protective effects of rTMS on cuprizone (CPZ)-induced cognitive impairment and evaluate changes in lipid composition in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. We found that CPZ induced cognitive impairment and remarkable changes in brain lipids, specifically in glycerophospholipids. Moreover, the changes in lipids within the prefrontal cortex were more extensive, compared to those observed in the hippocampus and striatum. Notably, rTMS ameliorated CPZ-induced cognitive impairment and partially normalized CPZ-induced lipid changes. Taken together, our data suggest that rTMS may reverse cognitive behavioral changes caused by CPZ-induced demyelination by modulating the brain lipidome, providing new insights into the therapeutic mechanism of rTMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuezhen Yin
- Minkang Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Minkang Hospital, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangtao Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingrong Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengwu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang C, Qi Y, Sun Z. The Role of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in the Development of the Central Nervous System and Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711710. [PMID: 34307464 PMCID: PMC8295685 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway affects neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of the central nervous system. Dysregulation of the SHH pathway in the brain contributes to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At present, the SHH signaling pathway can be divided into the canonical signaling pathway and non-canonical signaling pathway, which directly or indirectly mediates other related pathways involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, an in-depth knowledge of the SHH signaling pathway may open an avenue of possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the role and mechanism of the SHH signaling pathway in the development of the central nervous system and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will also highlight the potential of the SHH pathway as a therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhitang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine Increases Motivation in Healthy Volunteers: A Single-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Human Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062091. [PMID: 34207484 PMCID: PMC8235064 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (αGPC) is a precursor of acetylcholine and can increase acetylcholine concentration in the brain. In addition, αGPC has a role in cholinergic function as well as monoaminergic transmission, including dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. These monoaminergic systems are related to feelings and emotions, including motivation, reward processing, anxiety, and depression. However, the precise effects of αGPC on human feelings and emotions remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated changes in the subjective feelings of healthy volunteers using the KOKORO scale before and after administering αGPC. Thirty-nine volunteers participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants completed a KOKORO scale test to quantify self-reported emotional states, three times each day for two weeks preceding treatment and then for a further two weeks while self-administering treatment. αGPC treatment show a tendency to increase motivation during the intervention period. Furthermore, motivation at night was significantly higher in the αGPC group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). However, αGPC did not show any effects on anxiety. These data suggest that αGPC can be used to increase motivation in healthy individuals.
Collapse
|
27
|
Na G, Kwak SH, Jang SH, Noh HE, Kim J, Yang S, Jung J. Supplementary Effect of Choline Alfoscerate on Speech Recognition in Patients With Age-Related Hearing Loss: A Prospective Study in 34 Patients (57 Ears). Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:684519. [PMID: 34149400 PMCID: PMC8211767 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.684519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of choline alfoscerate (CA) on hearing amplification in patients with age related hearing loss, we performed a prospective case-control observational study from March 2016 to September 2020. We assessed patients with bilateral word recognition score (WRS) <50% using monosyllabic words. The patients were 65-85 years old, without any history of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, parkinsonism, or depression. After enrollment, all patients started using hearing aids (HA). The CA group received a daily dose of 800 mg CA for 11 months. We performed between-group comparisons of audiological data, including pure tone audiometry, WRS, HA fitting data obtained using real-ear measurement (REM), and the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid benefit scores after treatment. After CA administration, the WRS improved significantly in the CA group (4.2 ± 8.3%), but deteriorated in the control group (-0.6 ± 8.1%, p = 0.035). However, there was no significant between-group difference in the change in pure tone thresholds and aided speech intelligibility index calculated from REM. These findings suggest that the difference in WRS was relevant to central speech understanding rather than peripheral audibility. Therefore, administering oral CA could effectively enrich listening comprehension in older HA users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kwak
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Jang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungghi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SeungJoon Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Semproli R, Robescu MS, Cambò M, Mema K, Bavaro T, Rabuffetti M, Ubiali D, Speranza G. Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to Esters of
sn
‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphoric Acid. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Semproli
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli, 12 I-27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Marina S. Robescu
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli, 12 I-27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Mattia Cambò
- Department of Chemistry University of Milano Via Golgi, 19 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Klodiana Mema
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli, 12 I-27100 Pavia Italy
- Consorzio Italbiotec Piazza della Trivulziana 4/A 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Teodora Bavaro
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli, 12 I-27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Chemistry University of Milano Via Golgi, 19 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Viale Taramelli, 12 I-27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry University of Milano Via Golgi, 19 I-20133 Milano Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Neuronal Death and Neurogenesis after Acute Neurological Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050739. [PMID: 34067012 PMCID: PMC8151966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-known common pathological process involved in mediating acute neurological injuries, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia-related neuronal injury. However, effective therapeutic measures aimed at scavenging free reactive oxygen species have shown little success in clinical trials. Recent studies have revealed that NADPH oxidase, a membrane-bound enzyme complex that catalyzes the production of a superoxide free radical, is one of the major sources of cellular reactive oxygen species in acute neurological disorders. Furthermore, several studies, including our previous ones, have shown that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce subsequent neuronal injury in neurological disease. Moreover, maintaining appropriate levels of NADPH oxidase has also been shown to be associated with proper neurogenesis after neuronal injury. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the role of NADPH oxidase in neuronal death and neurogenesis in multiple acute neurological disorders and to explore potential pharmacological strategies targeting the NADPH-related oxidative stress pathways.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jung YH, Kim H, Lee D, Lee JY, Lee WJ, Moon JY, Choi SH, Kang DH. Abnormal neurometabolites in fibromyalgia patients: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921990946. [PMID: 33573464 PMCID: PMC7887674 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921990946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate distinct neurometabolites in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right and left thalamus, and insula of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared with healthy controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), total NAA (tNAA = NAA + NAAG), myo-inositol (ml), glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), Glx (Glu + Gln), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), total choline (tCho = GPC + phosphocholine) and glutathione (GSH) levels relative to total creatine (tCr) levels including creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) and relative to Cr levels were determined in the ACC, right and left thalamus, and insula in 12 patients with FM and 13 healthy controls using MRS. In the ACC, NAA/tCr (P = 0.028) and tCho/tCr (P = 0.047) were higher in patients with FM. In the right and left insula, tNAA/tCr (P = 0.019, P = 0.007, respectively) was lower in patients with FM. Patients with FM showed lower levels of ml/Cr (P = 0.037) in the right insula than healthy controls. These findings are paramount to understand decisive pathophysiological mechanisms related to abnormal features in the brain and parasympathetic nervous systems in FM. We suggest that the results presented herein may be essential to understand hidden pathological mechanisms and also life system potential as protective and recovering metabolic strategies in patients with FM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ha Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association, Seoul, Korea
- Do-Hyung Kang, Emotional Information and Communication Technology Association, 508, Samseong-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Responses to Endurance and Resistance Training in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041645. [PMID: 33572176 PMCID: PMC7914905 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the antidepressant effects between endurance and resistance exercise for optimizing interventions and examine the metabolomic changes in different types of skeletal muscles in response to the exercise, using a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. There were 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into a control group (C) and 3 experimental groups: CUMS control (D), endurance exercise (E), and resistance exercise (R). Group E underwent 30 min treadmill running, and group R performed 8 rounds of ladder climbing, 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were performed pre and post the intervention period for changes in depressant symptoms, and the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled after the intervention for metabolomic analysis using the 1H-NMR technique. The results showed that both types of exercise effectively improved the depression-like symptoms, and the endurance exercise appeared to have a better effect. The levels of 10 metabolites from the gastrocnemius and 13 metabolites from the soleus of group D were found to be significantly different from that of group C, and both types of exercise had a callback effect on these metabolites, indicating that a number of metabolic pathways were involved in the depression and responded to the exercise interventions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Liang S, Liu Y, Meng Y, Sun C. Two-stage Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soybean Concentrated Phospholipid to Prepare Glycerylphosphorylcholine: Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:237-245. [PMID: 33456010 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage enzymatic hydrolysis method, in which phospholipase A1 (PLA1) was added after phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was added for a certain time, was successfully carried out to prepare glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) from soybean concentrated phospholipid. Effects of reaction variables on hydrolysis reaction were optimized using response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: PLA2 load of 1.25%, PLA1 load of 0.70%, substrate concentration of 13%, reaction temperature of 41°C, and stirring rate of 680 rpm. Under the optimal conditions, the GPC yield reached 83.07%, which is close to the predicted value by the fitted model. This paper not only provides an efficient and low-cost method to prepare GPC, but also improves the high-value utilization of soybean concentrated phospholipid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yameng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Yannan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song Y, Roh S, Hwang J, Chung MY, Kim IH, Kim BH. Immobilized Phospholipase A 1-Catalyzed Preparation of l-α-Glycerylphosphorylcholine from Phosphatidylcholine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:12375-12383. [PMID: 33084321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to prepare a cognitive enhancer l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (l-α-GPC) using an immobilized Lecitase Ultra (LU, phospholipase A1) to catalyze the hydrolysis of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC). Immobilization of LU on Lewatit VP OC 1600 provided the highest fixation level (83.1 g/100 g) and greatest catalytic activity achieving 100 g/100 g l-α-GPC within 20 h and was therefore selected as the optimal system for biocatalysis. Immobilization of LU increased its positional specificity compared to free LU, as shown by a decrease in the production of the phosphocholine byproduct. Under the optimal conditions determined by response surface methodology, PC was completely hydrolyzed to l-α-GPC and required a simple purification via phase separation of the biphasic media to obtain a yield of ∼26.4 g l-α-GPC from 100 g PC, with a purity of 98.5 g/100 g. Our findings suggest a possibility of using the immobilized LU as a new biocatalyst for the l-α-GPC production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seoye Roh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byung Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liang S, Wang S, Meng Y, Sun C. Enzymatic preparation of glycerophosphatilcholine catalyzed by combinational phospholipases: a comparative study of concerted versus stepwise catalysis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38727-38735. [PMID: 35518402 PMCID: PMC9057254 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerophosphatilcholine (GPC) is widely applied in medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Due to the lack of natural resources, enzymatic preparation of GPC has been explored in recent years. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of different addition methods of combinational phospholipases (PLA1 and PLA2) and various process parameters (time, temperature, pH, substrate concentrate, enzyme load, and stirring rate) on the preparation of GPC. The results showed that compared with concerted catalysis, the catalytic efficiency of adding PLA2 and then PLA1 (PLA2 → A1) was higher, whereas that of adding PLA1 and then PLA2 was lower. The main reason might be that the method of PLA2 → A1 could reduce acyl migration and the competition between PLA1 and PLA2, which was beneficial to improve the GPC yield and shorten the reaction time. This paper could provide a novel approach for the future preparation of GPC catalyzed by combinational phospholipases. The addition methods of PLA1 and PLA2 had a vital influence on the preparation of GPC, and the method of PLA2 → A1 was the most effective.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Road 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Shukun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Road 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Yannan Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Road 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology Lianhua Road 100 Zhengzhou 450001 Henan Province P. R. China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kang DH, Choi BY, Lee SH, Kho AR, Jeong JH, Hong DK, Kang BS, Park MK, Song HK, Choi HC, Lim MS, Suh SW. Effects of Cerebrolysin on Hippocampal Neuronal Death After Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:568813. [PMID: 33177978 PMCID: PMC7596733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.568813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common and severe brain diseases. The exact cause of epilepsy is unclear. Epilepsy often occurs following brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemia. Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain peptide that is a unique neurotropic and neuroprotective agent. Cerebrolysin has been reported to increase neuroprotective effects after TBI, ischemia, and other CNS diseases. However, the effects of cerebrolysin on seizures are not known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of neuropeptide cerebrolysin on neuronal death in the hippocampus after a seizure. To confirm the effects of cerebrolysin, we used a pilocarpine-induced seizure animal model. Cerebrolysin (2.5 ml/kg, i.p., once per day for 7 days) was immediately injected after a seizure induction. After 1 week, we obtained brain tissues and performed staining to histologically evaluate the potentially protective effects of cerebrolysin on seizure-induced neuronal death in the hippocampus. We found that cerebrolysin decreased hippocampal neuronal death after a seizure. In addition, an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was confirmed through Western blot analysis to further support our hypothesis. Therefore, the present study suggests that the administration of cerebrolysin can be a useful therapeutic tool for preventing neuronal death after a seizure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Song Hee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - A Ra Kho
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Ki Song
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hui Chul Choi
- Neurology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
- Hallym Institute of Epilepsy Research, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Man-Sup Lim
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wackerlig J, Köfeler HC, Korz V, Hussein AM, Feyissa DD, Höger H, Urban E, Langer T, Lubec G, Lubec J. Differences in Hypothalamic Lipid Profiles of Young and Aged Male Rats With Impaired and Unimpaired Spatial Cognitive Abilities and Memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:204. [PMID: 32719597 PMCID: PMC7349000 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a major role for several brain functions, including cognition and memory. There is a series of work on individual lipids showing involvement in memory mechanisms, a concise lipidome was not reported so far. Moreover, there is no evidence for age-related memory decline and there is only work on brain of young vs. aging animals. Aging animals, however, are not a homogeneous group with respect to memory impairments, thus animals with impaired and unimpaired memory can be discriminated. Following recent studies of hippocampal lipid profiles and hypothalamus controlled hormone profiles, the aim of this study was to compare hypothalamic, lipidomic changes in male Sprague-Dawley rats between young (YM), old impaired (OMI) and old unimpaired (OMU) males. Grouping criterions for aged rats were evaluated by testing them in a spatial memory task, the hole-board. YMs were also tested. Subsequently brains were removed, dissected and hypothalami were kept at −80°C until sample preparation and analysis on liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Significant differences in the amounts of a series of lipids from several classes could be detected between young and aged and between OMI and OMU. A large number of lipids were increased in OMI and a smaller number in OMU as compared to young rats. Differences of lipid ratios (log2 of ratio) between OMI and OMU consisted of glycerophosphocholines (aPC 36:2 and 36:3; PC 34:0, 36:1, 36:3 and 40:2); Glycerophosphoethanolamines (aPE 34:2, 38:5 and 40:5; LPE 18:1, 20:1, 20:4, 22:4 and 22:6; PE36:1 and 38:4); glycerophosphoserines (PS 36:1, 40:4, and 40:6); triacylglycerol TG 52:4; ceramide Cer 17:2 and sphingomyelin SM 20:0. Thus, hypothalamic lipid profiles across different lipid classes discriminate aged male animals into OMU and OMI. The underlying mechanisms may be related to different functional networks of lipids in memory mechanisms and differences in metabolic processes. The study underlines the importance of lipidomics in the pathophysiology of age-related cognitive decline. The necessity of evaluating the cognitive status of aged subjects by behavioral tests results in more specific detection of critical lipids in memory decline, on which now can be focused in subsequent memory studies in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald C Köfeler
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Volker Korz
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel D Feyissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Höger
- Core Unit of Biomedical Research, Division of Laboratory Animal Science and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jana Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Catanesi M, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Castelli V, Alfonsetti M, Benedetti E, Desideri G, Ferri C, Cimini A. Neuroprotective potential of choline alfoscerate against β-amyloid injury: Involvement of neurotrophic signals. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1734-1744. [PMID: 32343461 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease represents the most prevalent neurodegeneration worldwide, clinically characterized by cognitive and memory impairment. New therapeutic approaches are extremely important to counteract this disorder. This research is focused on the potential use of choline alfoscerate in preventing neuronal death using in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease, representing the early stage of the disease, treated before or after the insult with glycerylphosphorylcholine. On the light of the results collected, we can postulate that choline alfoscerate, by the activation of the neurotrophin survival pathway, was able to counteract the detrimental effect of β-amyloid in both in vitro models, reducing apoptotic cell death and preserving the neuronal morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rao MS, Abd-El-Basset EM. dBcAMP Rescues the Neurons From Degeneration in Kainic Acid-Injured Hippocampus, Enhances Neurogenesis, Learning, and Memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:18. [PMID: 32194381 PMCID: PMC7065045 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP) is a cell-permeable synthetic analog of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Although the elevation of cAMP levels was reported to promote the functional recovery in spinal cord injury, its role in neurogenesis or functional recovery after hippocampal injury is unknown. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dBcAMP on learning, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis in the excitotoxically lesioned hippocampus. An excitotoxic lesion was induced in the hippocampi of 4-month-old male BALB/c mice by injecting 0.25 μg/μl into the lateral ventricles of both sides. The lesioned mice (L) were divided into L+dBcAMP and L+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) groups. Sham surgery (S) was done by the injection of 1 μl of sterile saline into the lateral ventricles. The sham surgery mice were divided into S+dBcAMP and S+PBS groups. Mice in the L+dBcAMP and S+dBcAMP groups were treated with dBcAMP for 1 week (i.p., 50 mg/kg), whereas mice in the L+PBS and S+PBS groups were treated with PBS. The mice in all groups were subjected to water maze and passive avoidance tests at the end of the 4th week. Cresyl violet staining and NeuN and doublecortin immunostaining were done to analyze the morphology and neurogenesis. The water maze learning sessions did not show a significant difference in escape latency between the groups, suggesting an unimpaired learning ability of mice in all groups. The L+dBcAMP mice had significantly short entry latency and higher target quadrant time/distance traveled compared to the L+PBS group, suggesting better memory retention. The L+dBcAMP group had a significantly improved memory retention compared to the L+PBS mice during the passive avoidance test. Morphological studies showed significantly greater adult neurons and increased hippocampal neurogenesis in the hippocampus of mice in the L+dBcAMP group compared to those in the L+PBS group. There was no significant difference between the S+dBcAMP and S+PBS groups in the water maze/passive avoidance tests and the number of neurons. In conclusion, dBcAMP protects the hippocampal neuron from degeneration and enhances hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
Collapse
|
39
|
The Nootropic Drug Α-Glyceryl-Phosphoryl-Ethanolamine Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Human Hippocampal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030941. [PMID: 32023864 PMCID: PMC7038199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging involves changes in the lipid membrane composition that lead to a decrease in membrane excitability and neurotransmitter release. These membrane modifications have been identified as contributing factors in age-related memory decline. In this sense, precursors of phospholipids (PLs) can restore the physiological composition of cellular membranes and produce valuable therapeutic effects in brain aging. Among promising drugs, alpha-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine (GPE) has demonstrated protective effects in amyloid-injured astrocytes and in an aging model of human neural stem cells. However, the compound properties on mature neuronal cells remain unexplored. Herein, GPE was tested in human hippocampal neurons, which are involved in learning and memory, and characterized by a functional cholinergic transmission, thus representing a valuable cellular model to explore the beneficial properties of GPE. GPE induced the release of the main membrane phospholipids and of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Moreover, the compound reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced membrane fluidity of human brain cells. GPE counteracted the DNA damage and viability decrease observed in in vitro aged neurons. Among GPE treatment effects, the autophagy was found positively upregulated. Overall, these results confirm the beneficial effects of GPE treatment and suggest the compound as a promising drug to preserve hippocampal neurons and virtually memory performances.
Collapse
|
40
|
Tuboly E, Gáspár R, Ibor MO, Gömöri K, Kiss B, Strifler G, Hartmann P, Ferdinandy P, Bartekova M, Boros M, Görbe A. L-Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine can be cytoprotective or cytotoxic in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes: a double-edged sword phenomenon. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:195-203. [PMID: 31280435 PMCID: PMC6745025 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
l-Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) is a widely used food supplement. GPC has been shown to exert beneficial effects in several organs; however, the cardiac effects of GPC have yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was therefore to map out the effects of GPC on cardiac myocytes, with or without ischemia–reperfusion insult. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were treated with GPC at 1, 10, 80, and 100 µM concentrations for 15 min, 3 h, or 24 h, respectively. Cell viability by calcein assay and the degree of oxidative stress by DHE (superoxide level) and H2DCF (total ROS accumulation) staining were measured. In separate experiments, cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with the optimal concentration of GPC for 3 h and then cells were exposed to 4 h of simulated ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion (SI/R). Cell viability was measured at the end of the SI/R protocol. In normoxic conditions, the 15-min and the 3-h GPC treatment did not affect cell viability, total ROS, and superoxide levels. Under SI/R conditions, the 3-h GPC treatment protected the cardiac myocytes from SI/R-induced cell death and did not alter the level of oxidative stress. The 24-h GPC treatment in normoxic conditions resulted in significant cell death and increased oxidative stress at each concentration. Here we provide the first evidence for the cytoprotective effect of short-term GPC treatment. However, long-term administration of GPC may exert cytotoxicity in a wide concentration range in cardiac myocytes. These results may draw attention to a comprehensive cardiac safety protocol for the testing of GPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tuboly
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miguel Olias Ibor
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Gömöri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gerda Strifler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hartmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mihály Boros
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alkaline Modification of a Metal–Enzyme–Surfactant Nanocomposite to Enhance the Production of L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironment modification within nanoconfinement can maximize the catalytic activity of enzymes. Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) has been used as the biocatalyst to produce high value L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC) through hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC). We successfully developed a simple co-precipitation method to encapsulate PLA1 in a metal–surfactant nanocomposite (MSNC), then modified it using alkalescent 2-Methylimidazole (2-Melm) to promote catalytic efficiency in biphasic systems. The generated 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC showed higher catalytic activity than PLA1/MSNC and free PLA1. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed a typical spherical structure of 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC at about 50 nm, which was smaller than that of 2-Melm@MSNC. Energy disperse spectroscopy, N2 adsorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved that 2-Melm successfully modified PLA1/MSNC. The generated 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC showed a high catalytic rate per unit enzyme mass of 1.58 μmol mg-1 min-1 for the formation of L-α-GPC. The 2-Melm@PLA1/MSNC also showed high thermal stability, pH stability, and reusability in a water–hexane biphasic system. The integration of alkaline and amphiphilic properties of a nanocomposite encapsulating PLA1 resulted in highly efficient sequenced reactions of acyl migration and enzymatic hydrolysis at the interface of a biphasic system, which cannot be achieved by free enzyme.
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu Y, Zhang A, Wang X, Hao N, Chen K, Ouyang P. Surfactant enhanced l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine production from phosphatidylcholine using phospholipase A1 in the aqueous phase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1568413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sabaghi A, Heirani A, Kiani A, Yosofvand N. Effects of Prenatal Seizures on Cognitive and Motor Performance in Mice Offspring (with Emphasis on BDNF and GDNF Levels). NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
44
|
Cai W, Ma W, Wang GT, Li YJ, Shen WD. Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of electroacupuncture through sonic hedgehog-signaling pathway in a rat model of poststroke depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1403-1411. [PMID: 31190842 PMCID: PMC6536134 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most frequent psychological sequela after stroke. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is effective for PSD. The study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms of EA's antidepressant effects in a PSD rat model. Methods: We used middle cerebral artery occlusion to establish the rat model of PSD. Tests of sucrose preference and locomotor activity were performed to examine depressive-like behaviors. We measured malondialdehyde, GSH, SOD, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and 5HT with ELISA. The hippocampal Shh-signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot. Results: EA significantly decreased sucrose preference and locomotor activities of PSD rats, reduced IL6, TNFα, increased GSH, and upregulated 5HT, and also slightly reduced IL1β and malondialdehyde, all of which were measured with ELISA. The Shh-signaling pathway assessed by Western blotting was activated by EA. Those changes were inhibited by the Shh-pathway inhibitor cyclopamine. Conclusion: EA effectively alleviated depressive-like behaviors in PSD by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through activation of the Shh-signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wa Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ma
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Tao Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Harte‐Hargrove LC, Galanopoulou AS, French JA, Pitkänen A, Whittemore V, Scharfman HE. Common data elements (CDEs) for preclinical epilepsy research: Introduction to CDEs and description of core CDEs. A TASK3 report of the ILAE/AES joint translational task force. Epilepsia Open 2018; 3:13-23. [PMID: 30450483 PMCID: PMC6210047 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common data elements (CDEs) are becoming more common as more areas of preclinical research have generated CDEs. Herein we provide an overview of the progress to date in generating CDEs for preclinical epilepsy research. Currently there are CDEs that have been developed for Physiology (in vivo), Behavior, Pharmacology, and Electroencephalography (EEG). Together the CDEs and methodologic considerations associated with these CDEs are laid out in consecutive manuscripts published in Epilepsia Open, each describing CDEs for their respective topic area. In addition to the overview of progress for the 4 subjects, core characteristics (Core CDEs) are described and explained. Data collection using a case report form (CRF) is described, and considerations that are involved in using the CDEs and CRFs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristea S. Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of NeurologyDominick P. Purpura Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkU.S.A.
| | | | - Asla Pitkänen
- Epilepsy Research LaboratoryA.I. Virtänen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandU.S.A.
| | - Helen E. Scharfman
- The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkU.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yin G, Yao G, Zhang K, Li B. Editorial: Recent Advances in Pathophysiological Studies and Treatment of Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:3-4. [PMID: 29301484 PMCID: PMC5771380 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1601171214093823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Yin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Gang Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu XQ, Zhao YN, Ding J, Si Z, Cheng DF, Shi HC, Wang X. Decreased vesicular acetylcholine transporter related to memory deficits in epilepsy: A [ 18 F] VAT positron emission tomography brain imaging study. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1655-1666. [PMID: 30126014 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a rate-limiting factor for synaptic acetylcholine transport. Our study focused on whether [18 F] VAT, a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, could be used in detecting cognitive deficits in epilepsy. METHODS Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory deficits in pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy rats 12 weeks after status epilepticus. Interictal [18 F] VAT PET was performed 13 weeks after status epilepticus to evaluate the level of VAChT in cholinergic pathways compared with [18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET. The association between VAChT levels and memory measures was analyzed. Neuropathological tests were performed. RESULTS Epileptic rats exhibited significant memory deficits in Morris water maze test. [18 F] VAT uptake decreased in septum, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal forebrain, and correlated to memory function. Of note, the level of VAChT in basal forebrain significantly decreased, yet no glucose hypometabolism was detected. Immunofluorescence and Western blot demonstrated decreased expression of VAChT in hippocampus and basal forebrain in the epilepsy group, but no change of expression of acetyltransferase or activity of acetylcholinesterase was detected. SIGNIFICANCE [18 F] VAT PET is a promising method to test the level of VAChT as a valuable biomarker for memory deficits in pilocarpine-induced chronic epileptic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Si
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Feng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gorji N, Moeini R, Memariani Z. Almond, hazelnut and walnut, three nuts for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: A neuropharmacological review of their bioactive constituents. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:115-127. [PMID: 29208493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder is an almost obvious issue in the world. Researches on natural products for finding effective drugs to prevent the disease are in progress. There is special attention to the three types of nuts including almond, hazelnut and walnut in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (PM) as the preventive agents against brainatrophy and memory loss. The purpose of this study is a pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients. Databases including PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched in title, abstract and keywords from year 2000 to present for AD-related researches on these tree nuts, their major phytochemicals and their mechanisms of action. As result, almond, hazelnut and walnut provide macronutrients, micronutrients, and phytochemicals which affect several pathways in AD pathogenesis such as amyloidogenesis, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, cholinergic pathways, and some non-target mechanisms including cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as effect on neurogenesis. These nuts are recommended in PM for their brain-protective activity and particularly reversing brain atrophy in case of hazelnut. The therapeutical statements of PM scholars mentioned in their books are based on their clinical observations with support of a long history of experiences. Beyond the molecular activities attributed to the phytochemicals, the use of these tree nuts could be more considered in scientific researches as the effective nutrients for prevention or even management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Diverse Effects of an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Donepezil, on Hippocampal Neuronal Death after Pilocarpine-Induced Seizure. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112311. [PMID: 29099058 PMCID: PMC5713280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are short episodes of abnormal brain electrical activity. Many survivors of severe epilepsy display delayed neuronal death and permanent cognitive impairment. Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and is an effective treatment agent for Alzheimer’s disease. However, the role of donepezil in seizure-induced hippocampal injury remains untested. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (25 mg/kg). Donepezil (2.5 mg/kg/day) was administered by gavage in three different settings: (1) pretreatment for three days before the seizure; (2) for one week immediately after the seizure; and (3) for three weeks from three weeks after the seizure. We found that donepezil showed mixed effects on seizure-induced brain injury, which were dependent on the treatment schedule. Pretreatment with donepezil aggravated neuronal death, oxidative injury, and microglia activation. Early treatment with donepezil for one week showed neither adverse nor beneficial effects; however, a treatment duration of three weeks starting three weeks after the seizure showed a significant reduction in neuronal death, oxidative injury, and microglia activation. In conclusion, donepezil has therapeutic effects when injected for three weeks after seizure activity subsides. Therefore, the present study suggests that the therapeutic use of donepezil for epilepsy patients requires a well-conceived strategy for administration.
Collapse
|
50
|
Excessive alcohol consumption induces methane production in humans and rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7329. [PMID: 28779149 PMCID: PMC5544731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have established the possibility of non-bacterial methane (CH4) generation in oxido-reductive stress conditions in plants and animals. Increased ethanol input is leading to oxido-reductive imbalance in eukaryotes, thus our aim was to provide evidence for the possibility of ethanol-induced methanogenesis in non-CH4 producer humans, and to corroborate the in vivo relevance of this pathway in rodents. Healthy volunteers consumed 1.15 g/kg/day alcohol for 4 days and the amount of exhaled CH4 was recorded by high sensitivity photoacoustic spectroscopy. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control, 1.15 g/kg/day and 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol-consuming groups to detect the whole-body CH4 emissions and mitochondrial functions in liver and hippocampus samples with high-resolution respirometry. Mitochondria-targeted L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) can increase tolerance to liver injury, thus the effects of GPC supplementations were tested in further ethanol-fed groups. Alcohol consumption was accompanied by significant CH4 emissions in both human and rat series of experiments. 2.7 g/kg/day ethanol feeding reduced the oxidative phosphorylation capacity of rat liver mitochondria, while GPC significantly decreased the alcohol-induced CH4 formation and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction as well. These data demonstrate a potential for ethanol to influence human methanogenesis, and suggest a biomarker role for exhaled CH4 in association with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|