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Russell JA. Vasopressor Responsiveness 101: Prediction of Responsiveness to Angiotensin II Infusion. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:1310-1313. [PMID: 39008548 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Russell
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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2
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Manning D, Rivera EJ, Santana LF. The life cycle of a capillary: Mechanisms of angiogenesis and rarefaction in microvascular physiology and pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107393. [PMID: 38857638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels (<10 μm in diameter) in the body and their walls are lined by endothelial cells. These microvessels play a crucial role in nutrient and gas exchange between blood and tissues. Capillary endothelial cells also produce vasoactive molecules and initiate the electrical signals that underlie functional hyperemia and neurovascular coupling. Accordingly, capillary function and density are critical for all cell types to match blood flow to cellular activity. This begins with the process of angiogenesis, when new capillary blood vessels emerge from pre-existing vessels, and ends with rarefaction, the loss of these microvascular structures. This review explores the mechanisms behind these processes, emphasizing their roles in various microvascular diseases and their impact on surrounding cells in health and disease. We discuss recent work on the mechanisms controlling endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation that underlie angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. The mechanisms underlying functional and anatomical rarefaction and the role of pericytes in this process are also discussed. Based on this work, a model is proposed in which the balance of angiogenic and rarefaction signaling pathways in a particular tissue match microvascular density to the metabolic demands of the surrounding cells. This negative feedback loop becomes disrupted during microvascular rarefaction: angiogenic mechanisms are blunted, reactive oxygen species accumulate, capillary function declines and eventually, capillaries disappear. This, we propose, forms the foundation of the reciprocal relationship between vascular density, blood flow, and metabolic needs and functionality of nearby cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
| | - Ernesto J Rivera
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States of America
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3
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Tong Y, An P, Tang P, Mu R, Zeng Y, Sun H, Zhao M, Lv Z, Wang P, Han W, Gui C, Zhen X, Han L. Suppressing Wnt signaling of the blood‒tumor barrier to intensify drug delivery and inhibit lipogenesis of brain metastases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2716-2731. [PMID: 38828148 PMCID: PMC11143535 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipogenesis is often highly upregulated in breast cancer brain metastases to adapt to intracranial low lipid microenvironments. Lipase inhibitors hold therapeutic potential but their intra-tumoral distribution is often blocked by the blood‒tumor barrier (BTB). BTB activates its Wnt signaling to maintain barrier properties, e.g., Mfsd2a-mediated BTB low transcytosis. Here, we reported VCAM-1-targeting nano-wogonin (W@V-NPs) as an adjuvant of nano-orlistat (O@V-NPs) to intensify drug delivery and inhibit lipogenesis of brain metastases. W@V-NPs were proven to be able to inactivate BTB Wnt signaling, downregulate BTB Mfsd2a, accelerate BTB vesicular transport, and enhance tumor accumulation of O@V-NPs. With the ability to specifically kill cancer cells in a lipid-deprived environment with IC50 at 48 ng/mL, W@V-NPs plus O@V-NPs inhibited the progression of brain metastases with prolonged survival of model mice. The combination did not induce brain edema, cognitive impairment, and systemic toxicity in healthy mice. Targeting Wnt signaling could safely modulate the BTB to improve drug delivery and metabolic therapy against brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pei An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Puxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Mu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuteng Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyan Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wanjun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunshan Gui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liang Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics Development, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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4
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Cao Y, Xu W, Liu Q. Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:881-895. [PMID: 38513138 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241240843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. It undergoes structural and functional changes during aging, which may compromise its integrity and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, advances in microscopy and high-throughput bioinformatics have allowed a more in-depth investigation of the aging mechanisms of BBB. This review summarizes age-related alterations of the BBB structure and function from six perspectives: endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, basement membrane, microglia and perivascular macrophages, and fibroblasts, ranging from the molecular level to the human multi-system level. These basic components are essential for the proper functioning of the BBB. Recent imaging methods of BBB were also reviewed. Elucidation of age-associated BBB changes may offer insights into BBB homeostasis and may provide effective therapeutic strategies to protect it during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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5
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Li J, Tan M, Yang T, Huang Q, Shan F. The paracrine isthmin1 transcriptionally regulated by C/EBPβ exacerbates pulmonary vascular leakage in murine sepsis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C304-C316. [PMID: 38047305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00431.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that pulmonary vascular leakage, a key pathological feature of sepsis-induced lung injury, is largely regulated by perivascular cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully uncovered. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of isthmin1, a secretory protein originating from alveolar epithelium, in the pulmonary vascular leakage during sepsis and to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of isthmin1 gene transcription. We observed an elevated isthmin1 gene expression in the pulmonary tissue of septic mice induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), as well as in primary murine alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we confirmed that isthmin1 derived from ATII contributes to pulmonary vascular leakage during sepsis. Specifically, adenovirus-mediated isthmin1 disruption in ATII led to a significant attenuation of the increased pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) hyperpermeability in a PMVEC/ATII coculture system when exposed to LPS. In addition, adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated knockdown of isthmin1 in the alveolar epithelium of septic mice significantly attenuated pulmonary vascular leakage. Finally, mechanistic studies unveiled that nuclear transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β participates in isthmin1 gene activation by binding directly to the cis-regulatory element of isthmin1 locus and may contribute to isthmin1 upregulation during sepsis. Collectively, the present study highlighted the impact of the paracrine protein isthmin1, derived from ATII, on the exacerbation of pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis and revealed a new regulatory mechanism for isthmin1 gene transcription.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article addresses the role of the alveolar epithelial-secreted protein isthmin1 on the exacerbation of pulmonary vascular permeability in sepsis and identified nuclear factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)β as a new regulator of isthmin1 gene transcription. Targeting the C/EBPβ-isthmin1 regulatory axis on the alveolar side would be of great value in the treatment of pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury induced by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Transfusion Department, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Frigid Zone Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Department of Frigid Zone Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Army Occupational Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Huang S, Ma K, Chen Y, Wei T, Ye H, Wu J, Liu L, Deng J, Luo H, Tan C. Retinoic Acid-PPARα Mediates β-Carotene Resistance to Placental Dysfunction Induced by Deoxynivalenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18696-18708. [PMID: 38012857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most polluted mycotoxins in the environment and food, has been proven to have strong embryonic and reproductive toxicities. However, the effects of DON on placental impairment and effective interventions are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of β-carotene on placental functional impairment and its underlying molecular mechanism under DON exposure. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were caused by intraperitoneal injection of DON from 13.5 to 15.5 days of gestation in mice, resulting in higher enrichment of DON in placenta than in other tissue samples. Interestingly, 0.1% β-carotene dietary supplementation could significantly alleviate DON-induced pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro placental barrier models demonstrated the association of DON-induced placental function impairment with placental permeability barrier disruption, angiogenesis impairment, and oxidative stress induction. Moreover, β-carotene regulated DON-induced placental toxicity by activating the expressions of claudin 1, zonula occludens-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A through retinoic acid-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kaidi Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Tanghong Wei
- Dekon Food and Agriculture Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Hongxuan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Liudan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hefeng Luo
- Dekon Food and Agriculture Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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Pu Y, Cheng CK, Zhang H, Luo JY, Wang L, Tomlinson B, Huang Y. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists in cardiovascular health and disease. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:2086-2114. [PMID: 37119045 DOI: 10.1002/med.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been rising due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy dietary patterns. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor regulating multiple biological processes, such as lipid metabolism and inflammatory response critical to cardiovascular homeostasis. Healthy endothelial cells (ECs) lining the lumen of blood vessels maintains vascular homeostasis, where endothelial dysfunction associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation triggers the pathogenesis of CVD. PPARα activation decreases endothelial inflammation and senescence, contributing to improved vascular function and reduced risk of atherosclerosis. Phenotypic switch and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherogenesis, in which PPARα activation improves VSMC homeostasis. Different immune cells participate in the progression of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. PPARα in immune cells plays a critical role in immunological events, such as monocyte/macrophage adhesion and infiltration, macrophage polarization, dendritic cell (DC) embedment, T cell activation, and B cell differentiation. Cardiomyocyte dysfunction, a major risk factor for heart failure, can also be alleviated by PPARα activation through maintaining cardiac mitochondrial stability and inhibiting cardiac lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This review discusses the current understanding and future perspectives on the role of PPARα in the regulation of the cardiovascular system as well as the clinical application of PPARα ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Ababei DC, Bild V, Macadan I, Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Blaj M, Stanciu GD, Lefter RM, Bild W. Therapeutic Implications of Renin-Angiotensin System Modulators in Alzheimer's Dementia. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2290. [PMID: 37765259 PMCID: PMC10538010 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) has attracted considerable interest beyond its traditional cardiovascular role due to emerging data indicating its potential involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's dementia (AD). This review investigates the therapeutic implications of RAS modulators, specifically focusing on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and renin inhibitors in AD. ACEIs, commonly used for hypertension, show promise in AD by reducing angiotensin (Ang) II levels. This reduction is significant as Ang II contributes to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, all implicated in AD pathogenesis. ARBs, known for vasodilation, exhibit neuroprotection by blocking Ang II receptors, improving cerebral blood flow and cognitive decline in AD models. Renin inhibitors offer a novel approach by targeting the initial RAS step, displaying anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that mitigate AD degeneration. Preclinical studies demonstrate RAS regulation's favorable impact on neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, cognitive function, and Aβ metabolism. Clinical trials on RAS modulators in AD are limited, but with promising results, ARBs being more effective that ACEIs in reducing cognitive decline. The varied roles of ACEIs, ARBs, and renin inhibitors in RAS modulation present a promising avenue for AD therapeutic intervention, requiring further research to potentially transform AD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.-C.A.); (A.V.); (R.-N.R.)
| | - Mihaela Blaj
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Radu-Marian Lefter
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
| | - Walther Bild
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.-M.L.); (W.B.)
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Candido VB, Perego SM, Ceroni A, Metzger M, Colquhoun A, Michelini LC. Trained hypertensive rats exhibit decreased transcellular vesicle trafficking, increased tight junctions' density, restored blood-brain barrier permeability and normalized autonomic control of the circulation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1069485. [PMID: 36909225 PMCID: PMC9997677 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1069485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic hypertension is accompanied by either blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage and autonomic dysfunction. There is no consensus on the mechanism determining increased BBB permeability within autonomic areas. While some reports suggested tight junction's breakdown, others indicated the involvement of transcytosis rather than paracellular transport changes. Interestingly, exercise training was able to restore both BBB permeability and autonomic control of the circulation. We sought now to clarify the mechanism(s) governing hypertension- and exercise-induced BBB permeability. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive controls submitted to 4-week aerobic training (T) or sedentary protocol (S) were chronically cannulated for baseline hemodynamic and autonomic recordings and evaluation of BBB permeability. Brains were harvested for measurement of BBB function (FITC-10 kDa leakage), ultrastructural analysis of BBB constituents (transmission electron microscopy) and caveolin-1 expression (immunofluorescence). Results: In SHR-S the increased pressure, augmented sympathetic vasomotor activity, higher sympathetic and lower parasympathetic modulation of the heart and the reduced baroreflex sensitivity were accompanied by robust FITC-10kDa leakage, large increase in transcytotic vesicles number/capillary, but no change in tight junctions' density within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the nucleus of the solitary tract and the rostral ventrolateral medulla. SHR-T exhibited restored BBB permeability and normalized vesicles counting/capillary simultaneously with a normal autonomic modulation of heart and vessels, resting bradycardia and partial pressure reduction. Caveolin-1 expression ratified the counting of transcellular, not other cytoplasmatic vesicles. Additionally, T caused in both groups significant increases in tight junctions' extension/capillary border. Discussion: Data indicate that transcytosis, not the paracellular transport, is the primary mechanism underlying both hypertension- and exercise-induced BBB permeability changes within autonomic areas. The reduced BBB permeability contributes to normalize the autonomic control of the circulation, which suppresses pressure variability and reduces the occurrence of end-organ damage in the trained SHR. Data also disclose that hypertension does not change but exercise training strengthens the resistance of the paracellular pathway in both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sany M Perego
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin Metzger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alison Colquhoun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wen J, Liu C, Deng C. Research progress on the mechanism of aging of vascular endothelial cells and the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32248. [PMID: 36626478 PMCID: PMC9750530 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is the basic factor of many cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelium, as a protective barrier between blood and vascular wall, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of vascular system. Endothelial cell senescence is an important pathological change of vascular senescence. In recent years, more and more studies have been conducted on vascular endothelial cell senescence, especially on its mechanism. Many research results showed that the mechanism is various, but the systematic elucidation still lacks. Western medicine has little choice in the prevention and treatment of endothelial cell senescence, and the control effect is also limited, while Chinese medicine makes up for the deficiency in this regard. The main mechanisms of vascular endothelial cell aging and the related research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of vascular endothelial aging in recent years were summarized in this paper to provide reference for the research of traditional Chinese medicine in anti-vascular aging and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing Deng
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * Correspondence: Changqing Deng, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China (e-mail: )
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Xia Y, Lu YW, Hao RJ, Yu GR. Catalpol relieved angiotensin II-induced blood-brain barrier destruction via inhibiting the TLR4 pathway in brain endothelial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2210-2218. [PMID: 36369944 PMCID: PMC9665075 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2142801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Catalpol is a major bioactive constituent of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch (Scrophulariaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, which is widely used in multiple diseases, including hypertension. OBJECTIVES To explore whether catalpol protects against angiotensin II (Ang II)-triggered blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bEnd.3 cells and BBB models were pre-treated with or without catalpol (50, 200 and 500 μM) or TAK-242 (1 μM) for 2 h and then with Ang II (0.1 μM) or LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and p-eNOS/eNOS were tested by western blot. The BBB permeability was evaluated by the flux of bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) across monolayers. nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation was explored by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Ang II (0.1 μM) decreased the cell viability to 86.52 ± 1.79%, elevated the levels of TLR4, MyD88, iNOS, TNF-α and Cav-1 respectively to 3.7-, 1.5-, 2.3-, 2.2- and 2.7-fold, reduced the level of p-eNOS/eNOS to 1.6-fold in bEnd.3 cells, and eventually increased BBB permeability. Catalpol dose-dependently reversed these changes at 50-500 μM. Meanwhile, catalpol (500 μM) inhibited the upregulated levels of TLR4 pathway-related proteins and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, decreased the enhanced transcytosis, and relieved the BBB disruption caused by both LPS (the TLR4 activator) and Ang II. The effects are same as TAK-242 (the TLR4 inhibitor). CONCLUSIONS Catalpol relieved the Ang II-induced BBB damage, which indicated catalpol has high potential for the treatment of hypertension-induced cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Juan Hao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gu Ran Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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12
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Xie YY, Lu YW, Yu GR. The protective effects of hyperoside on Ang II-mediated apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells and injury of blood-brain barrier model in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 35698113 PMCID: PMC9195266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertension and its associated dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are considered to contribute to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Angiotensin II (Ang II), as an important vasoactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is not only a pivotal molecular signal in hypertension, but also causes BBB leakage, cSVD and its related cognitive impair. Hyperoside (Hyp), a flavone glycoside, has antioxidant, antiphlogistic and anti-apoptosis effects. In this study, we investigate the protection of Hyp on apoptosis of bEnd.3 cells and BBB disruption in vitro induced by Ang II.
Methods
We used bEnd.3 cells to imitate a BBB monolayer model and explored the protection of Hyp on Ang II-induced BBB leakage. The apoptotic activity was assessed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins, tight junction proteins and transcytosis related proteins were detected by western blot assay. The BBB model permeability was detected through measuring the flux of sodium fluorescein (Na-F).
Results
We found that Hyp can not only effectively inhibit the apoptosis of bEnd.3 induced by Ang II, but also protect the structural soundness and functional integrity of BBB model by affecting the expression levels of junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), Claudin-5, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a).
Conclusion
Hyp might be a potent compound for preventing Ang II-induced BBB disruption.
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13
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Atis M, Akcan U, Altunsu D, Ayvaz E, Uğur Yılmaz C, Sarıkaya D, Temizyürek A, Ahıshalı B, Girouard H, Kaya M. Targeting the blood-brain barrier disruption in hypertension by ALK5/TGF-Β type I receptor inhibitor SB-431542 and dynamin inhibitor dynasore. Brain Res 2022; 1794:148071. [PMID: 36058283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we aimed to target two molecules, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and dynamin to explore their roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in hypertension. METHODS For this purpose, angiotensin (ANG) II-induced hypertensive mice were treated with SB-431542, an inhibitor of the ALK5/TGF-β type I receptor, and dynasore, an inhibitor of dynamin. Albumin-Alexa fluor 594 was used to assess BBB permeability. The alterations in the expression of claudin-5, caveolin (Cav)-1, glucose transporter (Glut)-1, and SMAD4 in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus were evaluated by quantification of immunofluorescence staining intensity. RESULTS ANG II infusion increased BBB permeability to albumin-Alexa fluor 594 which was reduced by SB-431542 (P < 0.01), but not by dynasore. In hypertensive animals treated with dynasore, claudin-5 immunofluorescence intensity increased in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus while it decreased in the cerebral cortex of SB-431542 treated hypertensive mice (P < 0.01). Both dynasore and SB-431542 prevented the increased Cav-1 immunofluorescence intensity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of hypertensive animals (P < 0.01). SB-431542 and dynasore decreased Glut-1 immunofluorescence intensity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice receiving ANG II (P < 0.01). SB-431542 increased SMAD4 immunofluorescence intensity in the cerebral cortex of hypertensive animals, while in the hippocampus a significant decrease was noted by both SB-431542 and dynasore (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that inhibition of the TGFβ type I receptor prevents BBB disruption under hypertensive conditions. These results emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting TGFβ signaling as a novel treatment modality to protect the brain of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Atis
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Uğur Akcan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Altunsu
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Ayvaz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Uğur Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Biomedical Centrum, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Deniz Sarıkaya
- Department of Physiology, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Temizyürek
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bülent Ahıshalı
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hélène Girouard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mehmet Kaya
- Department of Physiology, Koç University School of Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
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14
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Lv X, Tan J, Feng J, Li Z, Gong W, Zhang D, Kuang H, Fan R. Relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with vascular damages among sanitation workers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:154-171. [PMID: 35895920 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2062199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leads to a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To assess the effects of PAHs exposure on vascular damages in occupationally exposed populations, 196 sanitation workers were recruited. According to the differences of occupation or operation, they were divided into exposure group (n = 115) and control group (n = 81). Sixteen serum PAHs were determined by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometery. Tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-ɑ) and angiotensin II (ANG-II) in serum, blood lipids and blood pressure were also measured. Results showed that, except for indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene, the detection frequencies of other PAHs were above 85%, showing that subjects are generally exposed to PAHs. The top three compounds in serum concentrations of PAHs were phenanthrene, acenaphthylene and anthracene. Moreover, the concentrations of total serum PAHs in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control (p < 0.05), suggesting a higher PAHs exposure in the former. Though there was no significant difference in blood lipids and blood pressure between groups (p > 0.05), TNF-ɑ and ANG-II levels in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05), suggesting that PAHs exposure may be related to pro-inflammatory effects and vascular endothelial damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianglu Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiran Gong
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxuan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Pantea I, Repanovici A, Cocuz ME. Analysis of Research Directions on the Rehabilitation of Patients with Stroke and Diabetes Using Scientometric Methods. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050773. [PMID: 35627909 PMCID: PMC9141489 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of patients with stroke and diabetes has been followed in this article by a review of the literature published in the Web of Science in the last ten years. A review of the literature was performed using scientometric methods. VOS Viewer software was used to determine the research directions in this area. Scientometric analysis has extracted relevant published scientific output that treats diabetes and stroke. Studies based on qualitative research and the conclusions of these studies were analyzed. The clusters with the keywords used in the title and abstract by the authors who published in the Web of Science were reviewed and research directions in the field were formulated. The proper care of diabetes and its numerous consequences, including stroke and its neurologic complications, necessitates the fast identification of research findings in various types of medicines and their efficacy when applied to various patient groups, such as diabetic patients, whose recovery after a stroke is similar to that of a nondiabetic patient following hemodynamic stabilization, although it takes longer and has poorer outcomes. The limitations of the study refer to the fact that the data reviewed are from the Web of Science only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Pantea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Angela Repanovici
- Faculty of Product Design and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Elena Cocuz
- Department of Fundamental Disciplines and Clinical Prevention, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania;
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16
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Modulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery to Brain. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122024. [PMID: 34959306 PMCID: PMC8708282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) precisely controls brain microenvironment and neural activity by regulating substance transport into and out of the brain. However, it severely hinders drug entry into the brain, and the efficiency of various systemic therapies against brain diseases. Modulation of the BBB via opening tight junctions, inhibiting active efflux and/or enhancing transcytosis, possesses the potential to increase BBB permeability and improve intracranial drug concentrations and systemic therapeutic efficiency. Various strategies of BBB modulation have been reported and investigated preclinically and/or clinically. This review describes conventional and emerging BBB modulation strategies and related mechanisms, and safety issues according to BBB structures and functions, to try to give more promising directions for designing more reasonable preclinical and clinical studies.
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17
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Fragas MG, Cândido VB, Davanzo GG, Rocha-Santos C, Ceroni A, Michelini LC. Transcytosis within PVN capillaries: a mechanism determining both hypertension-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and exercise-induced correction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R732-R741. [PMID: 34549626 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00154.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although hypertension disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity within the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and increases the leakage into the brain parenchyma, exercise training (T) was shown to correct it. Since there is scarce and contradictory information on the mechanism(s) determining hypertension-induced BBB deficit and nothing is known about T-induced improvement, we sought to evaluate the paracellular and transcellular transport across the BBB within the PVN in both conditions. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and WKY submitted to 4-wk aerobic T or sedentary (S) protocol were chronically catheterized for hemodynamic recordings at rest and intra-arterial administration of dyes (Rhodamine-dextran 70 kDa + FITC-dextran 10 kDa). Brains were harvesting for FITC leakage examination, qPCR evaluation of different BBB constituents and protein expression of caveolin-1 and claudin-5, the main markers of transcytosis and paracellular transport, respectively. Hypertension was characterized by increased arterial pressure and heart rate, augmented sympathetic modulation of heart and vessels, and reduced cardiac parasympathetic control, marked FITC extravasation into the PVN which was accompanied by increased caveolin-1 gene and protein expression, without changes in claudin-5 and others tight junctions' components. SHR-T vs. SHR-S showed a partial pressure reduction, resting bradycardia, improvement of autonomic control of the circulation simultaneously with correction of both FITC leakage and caveolin-1 expression; there was a significant increase in claudin-5 expression. Caveolin-1 content was strongly correlated with improved autonomic control after exercise. Data indicated that within the PVN the transcytosis is the main mechanism governing both hypertension-induced BBB leakage, as well as the exercise-induced correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Garcia Fragas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito Cândido
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Rocha-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ceroni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisete C Michelini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Lu YW, Hao RJ, Wei YY, Yu GR. The protective effect of harpagoside on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced blood-brain barrier leakage in vitro. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6241-6254. [PMID: 34486189 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension and its associated dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) contribute to cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Angiotensin II (Ang II), a vasoactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is not only a pivotal molecular signal in hypertension but also causes BBB leakage, cSVD, and cognitive impair. Harpagoside, the major bioactive constituent of Scrophulariae Radix, has been commonly used for the treatment of multiple diseases including hypertension in China. The effect of harpagoside on Ang II-induced BBB damage is unclear. We employed an immortalized endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) to mimic a BBB monolayer model in vitro and investigated the effect of harpagoside on BBB and found that harpagoside alleviated Ang II-induced BBB destruction, inhibited Ang II-associated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner and attenuated Ang II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair by downregulation of Nox2, Nox4, and COX-2. Harpagoside prevented Ang II-induced apoptosis via keeping Bax/Bcl-2 balance, decreasing cytochrome c release, and inactivation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 (the mitochondria-dependent and death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathways). Moreover, harpagoside can alleviate Ang II-induced BBB damage through upregulation of tight junction proteins and decrease of caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Thus, harpagoside might be a potential drug to treat Ang II-induced cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Juan Hao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Yan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gu Ran Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Feng J, Liu L, He Y, Wang M, Zhou D, Wang J. Novel insights into the pathogenesis of virus-induced ARDS: review on the central role of the epithelial-endothelial barrier. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:991-1001. [PMID: 34224287 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1951233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory viruses can directly or indirectly damage the pulmonary defense barrier, potentially contributing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite developments in the understanding of the pathogenesis of ARDS, the underlying pathophysiology still needs to be elucidated.Areas covered: The PubMed database was reviewed for relevant papers published up to 2021. This review summarizes the currently immunological and clinical studies to provide a systemic overview of the epithelial-endothelial barrier, given the recently published immunological profiles upon viral pneumonia, and the potentially detrimental contribution to respiratory function caused by damage to this barrier.Expert opinion: The biophysical structure of host pulmonary defense is intrinsically linked with the ability of alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial cells, known as the epithelial-endothelial barrier, to respond to, and instruct the delicate immune system to protect the lungs from infections and injuries. Recently published immunological profiles upon viral infection, and its contributions to the damage of respiratory function, suggest a central role for the pulmonary epithelial and endothelial barrier in the pathogenesis of ARDS. We suggest a central role and common pathways by which the epithelial-endothelial barrier contributes to the pathogenesis of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Yang S, Wang Z, Guo M, Du M, Wen X, Geng L, Yu F, Liu L, Li Y, Feng L, Zhou T. UPLC-MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Ang II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:683859. [PMID: 34026879 PMCID: PMC8131677 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.683859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is caused by polygenic inheritance and the interaction of various environmental factors. Abnormal function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is closely associated with changes in blood pressure. As an essential factor in the RAAS, angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vasoconstriction and inflammatory responses. However, the effects of overproduction of Ang II on the whole body-metabolism have been unclear. In this study, we established a hypertensive mouse model by micro-osmotic pump perfusion of Ang II, and the maximum systolic blood pressure reached 140 mmHg after 2 weeks. By ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the metabolites in the serum of hypertensive model and control mice were analyzed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) in both positive and negative ionization modes showed clear separation of the two groups. Perfusion of Ang II induced perturbations of multiple metabolic pathways in mice, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and galactose metabolism. Tandem mass spectrometry revealed 40 metabolite markers with potential diagnostic value for hypertension. Our data indicate that non-targeted metabolomics can reveal biochemical pathways associated with Ang II-induced hypertension. Although researches about the clinical use of these metabolites as potential biomarkers in hypertension is still needed, the current study improves the understanding of systemic metabolic response to sustained release of Ang II in hypertensive mice, providing a new panel of biomarkers that may be used to predict blood pressure fluctuations in the early stages of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaying Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengting Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengfan Du
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Geng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Bernard I, Limonta D, Mahal LK, Hobman TC. Endothelium Infection and Dysregulation by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Caveats in COVID-19. Viruses 2020; 13:E29. [PMID: 33375371 PMCID: PMC7823949 DOI: 10.3390/v13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a persistent threat to global public health. Although primarily a respiratory illness, extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 include gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal and neurological diseases. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction of the endothelium during COVID-19 may exacerbate these deleterious events by inciting inflammatory and microvascular thrombotic processes. Although controversial, there is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may infect endothelial cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cellular receptor using the viral Spike protein. In this review, we explore current insights into the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection, endothelial dysfunction due to ACE2 downregulation, and deleterious pulmonary and extra-pulmonary immunothrombotic complications in severe COVID-19. We also discuss preclinical and clinical development of therapeutic agents targeting SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Finally, we present evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human lung and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Accordingly, in striving to understand the parameters that lead to severe disease in COVID-19 patients, it is important to consider how direct infection of endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 may contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bernard
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Daniel Limonta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada;
| | - Tom C. Hobman
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Women & Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
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22
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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23
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Cosarderelioglu C, Nidadavolu LS, George CJ, Oh ES, Bennett DA, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Brain Renin-Angiotensin System at the Intersect of Physical and Cognitive Frailty. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:586314. [PMID: 33117127 PMCID: PMC7561440 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.586314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood pressure, and cardiovascular homeostasis. It was later discovered that intracrine and local forms of RAS exist in the brain apart from the endocrine RAS. This brain-specific RAS plays essential roles in brain homeostasis by acting mainly through four angiotensin receptor subtypes; AT1R, AT2R, MasR, and AT4R. These receptors have opposing effects; AT1R promotes vasoconstriction, proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress while AT2R and MasR counteract the effects of AT1R. AT4R is critical for dopamine and acetylcholine release and mediates learning and memory consolidation. Consequently, aging-associated dysregulation of the angiotensin receptor subtypes may lead to adverse clinical outcomes such as Alzheimer’s disease and frailty via excessive oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microglial polarization, and alterations in neurotransmitter secretion. In this article, we review the brain RAS from this standpoint. After discussing the functions of individual brain RAS components and their intracellular and intracranial locations, we focus on the relationships among brain RAS, aging, frailty, and specific neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular cognitive impairment, through oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the effects of RAS-modulating drugs on the brain RAS and their use in novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cosarderelioglu
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.,Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lolita S Nidadavolu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Claudene J George
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter M Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Hanchard J, Capó-Vélez CM, Deusch K, Lidington D, Bolz SS. Stabilizing Cellular Barriers: Raising the Shields Against COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:583006. [PMID: 33101215 PMCID: PMC7554589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.583006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical manifestation (COVID-19; coronavirus disease 2019) have caused a worldwide health crisis. Disruption of epithelial and endothelial barriers is a key clinical turning point that differentiates patients who are likely to develop severe COVID-19 outcomes: it marks a significant escalation in respiratory symptoms, loss of viral containment and a progression toward multi-organ dysfunction. These barrier mechanisms are independently compromised by known COVID-19 risk factors, including diabetes, obesity and aging: thus, a synergism between these underlying conditions and SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms may explain why these risk factors correlate with more severe outcomes. This review examines the key cellular mechanisms that SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors utilize to disrupt barrier function. As an outlook, we propose that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) may be a therapeutic intervention that can slow COVID-19 progression and improve clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. GLP-1 signaling activates barrier-promoting processes that directly oppose the pro-inflammatory mechanisms commandeered by SARS-CoV-2 and its underlying risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hanchard
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Darcy Lidington
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Aphaia Pharma AG, Zug, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at The Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research Translational Biology and Engineering Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Braga CL, Silva‐Aguiar RP, Battaglini D, Peruchetti DB, Robba C, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM, Caruso‐Neves C, Silva PL. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Role in pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target in COVID-19. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00623. [PMID: 32658389 PMCID: PMC7357286 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, has spread worldwide causing high fatality rates. Neither a vaccine nor specific therapeutic approaches are available, hindering the fight against this disease and making better understanding of its pathogenesis essential. Despite similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, the former has unique characteristics which represent a great challenge to physicians. The mechanism of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis is still poorly understood. In the present review, we highlight possible pathways involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and potential therapeutic targets, focusing on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia L. Braga
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Silva‐Aguiar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell SignallingCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Anesthesia and Intensive CareOspedale Policlinico San MartinoIRCCS for Oncology and NeuroscienceGenoaItaly
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell SignallingCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Chiara Robba
- Anesthesia and Intensive CareOspedale Policlinico San MartinoIRCCS for Oncology and NeuroscienceGenoaItaly
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive CareOspedale Policlinico San MartinoIRCCS for Oncology and NeuroscienceGenoaItaly
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostic (DISC)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative MedicineRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJRio de JaneiroBrazil
- COVID‐19 Virus NetworkMinistry of Science and Technology, Innovation and CommunicationRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Celso Caruso‐Neves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell SignallingCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative MedicineRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJRio de JaneiroBrazil
- COVID‐19 Virus NetworkMinistry of Science and Technology, Innovation and CommunicationRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Pedro L. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary InvestigationCarlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative MedicineRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJRio de JaneiroBrazil
- COVID‐19 Virus NetworkMinistry of Science and Technology, Innovation and CommunicationRio de JaneiroBrazil
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26
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Santisteban MM, Ahn SJ, Lane D, Faraco G, Garcia-Bonilla L, Racchumi G, Poon C, Schaeffer S, Segarra SG, Körbelin J, Anrather J, Iadecola C. Endothelium-Macrophage Crosstalk Mediates Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 76:795-807. [PMID: 32654560 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of stroke and dementia, effects attributed to disrupting delivery of blood flow to the brain. Hypertension also alters the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a critical component of brain health. Although endothelial cells are ultimately responsible for the BBB, the development and maintenance of the barrier properties depend on the interaction with other vascular-associated cells. However, it remains unclear if BBB disruption in hypertension requires cooperative interaction with other cells. Perivascular macrophages (PVM), innate immune cells closely associated with cerebral microvessels, have emerged as major contributors to neurovascular dysfunction. Using 2-photon microscopy in vivo and electron microscopy in a mouse model of Ang II (angiotensin II) hypertension, we found that the vascular segments most susceptible to increased BBB permeability are arterioles and venules >10 µm and not capillaries. Brain macrophage depletion with clodronate attenuates, but does not abolish, the increased BBB permeability in these arterioles where PVM are located. Deletion of AT1R (Ang II type-1 receptors) in PVM using bone marrow chimeras partially attenuated the BBB dysfunction through the free radical-producing enzyme Nox2. In contrast, downregulation of AT1R in cerebral endothelial cells using a viral gene transfer-based approach prevented the BBB disruption completely. The results indicate that while endothelial AT1R, mainly in arterioles and venules, initiate the BBB disruption in hypertension, PVM are required for the full expression of the dysfunction. The findings unveil a previously unappreciated contribution of resident brain macrophages to increased BBB permeability of hypertension and identify PVM as a putative therapeutic target in diseases associated with BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Santisteban
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Sung Ji Ahn
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Diane Lane
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Faraco
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Lidia Garcia-Bonilla
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Gianfranco Racchumi
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Carrie Poon
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Samantha Schaeffer
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Steven G Segarra
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.K.)
| | - Josef Anrather
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- From the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.M.S., S.J.A., D.L., G.F., L.G.-B., G.R., C.P., S.S., S.G.S., J.A., C.I.)
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27
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Noureddine FY, Altara R, Fan F, Yabluchanskiy A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Impact of the Renin-Angiotensin System on the Endothelium in Vascular Dementia: Unresolved Issues and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4268. [PMID: 32560034 PMCID: PMC7349348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) surpass the renal and cardiovascular systems to encompass other body tissues and organs, including the brain. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the most potent mediator of RAS in the brain, contributes to vascular dementia via different mechanisms, including neuronal homeostasis disruption, vascular remodeling, and endothelial dysfunction caused by increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Other RAS components of emerging significance at the level of the blood-brain barrier include angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang(1-7), and the AT2, Mas, and AT4 receptors. The various angiotensin hormones perform complex actions on brain endothelial cells and pericytes through specific receptors that have either detrimental or beneficial actions. Increasing evidence indicates that the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas axis constitutes a protective arm of RAS on the blood-brain barrier. This review provides an update of studies assessing the different effects of angiotensins on cerebral endothelial cells. The involved signaling pathways are presented and help highlight the potential pharmacological targets for the management of cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions associated with vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Noureddine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, and KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - George W. Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (F.F.); (G.W.B.)
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
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28
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Mogi M. Effect of renin-angiotensin system on senescence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20:520-525. [PMID: 32346971 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays crucial roles in the control of blood pressure and sodium homeostasis. Moreover, RAS also acts as a key player in cell and organ senescence, mainly by activation of the classical axis of angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang II type 1 receptor via overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Overactivation of the classical RAS axis induces organ dysfunction in the vasculature, brain, kidney and skeletal muscle, resulting in atherosclerosis, stroke, chronic kidney disease and sarcopenia. Moreover, RAS has been shown to regulate lifespan, using gene-modification models. Recently, mice lacking the Ang II type 1 receptor were shown to exhibit an increase in lifespan compared with control mice. Here, the effect of RAS on age-related tissue dysfunction in several organs is reviewed, including not only the classical axis but also protective functions of RAS such as the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/Mas axis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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29
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Editorial: Mechanistic underpinnings of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1729:146643. [PMID: 31901430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This special issue entitled "Mechanistic underpinnings of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders" brings together academicians, clinicians and industry partners with vested interest in the safe and effective translation of stem cell-based therapeutics from the laboratory to the clinic. Despite the scientific advances and limited clinical trials of stem cell therapy for neurological disorders, the mechanisms of action remain not fully understood. Here, we provide critical analyses of the therapeutic pathways postulated to mediate stem cell therapy. The views expressed here are based on scientific evidence, but also well-rationalized speculative hypotheses are encouraged in order to guide the field in exploiting the likely responsive pathways, as well as in exploring novel candidate targets which may open venues in optimizing the therapeutic effects of stem cell therapy. In the end, our goal is to coalesce the concerted efforts from stem cell researchers in probing the mechanistic triggers of cell-based treatments towards ensuring the safety and efficacy profiles of stem cell therapy.
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