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Taniguchi K, Yamamoto F, Amamo A, Tamaoka A, Sanjo N, Yokota T, Kametani F, Araki W. Amyloid-β oligomers interact with NMDA receptors containing GluN2B subunits and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in primary cortical neurons: relevance to the synapse pathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Res 2022; 180:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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2
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Lituma PJ, Kwon HB, Alviña K, Luján R, Castillo PE. Presynaptic NMDA receptors facilitate short-term plasticity and BDNF release at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. eLife 2021; 10:e66612. [PMID: 34061025 PMCID: PMC8186907 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is a highly controlled process by which synapses can critically regulate information transfer within neural circuits. While presynaptic receptors - typically activated by neurotransmitters and modulated by neuromodulators - provide a powerful way of fine-tuning synaptic function, their contribution to activity-dependent changes in transmitter release remains poorly understood. Here, we report that presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) at mossy fiber boutons in the rodent hippocampus can be activated by physiologically relevant patterns of activity and selectively enhance short-term synaptic plasticity at mossy fiber inputs onto CA3 pyramidal cells and mossy cells, but not onto inhibitory interneurons. Moreover, preNMDARs facilitate brain-derived neurotrophic factor release and contribute to presynaptic calcium rise. Taken together, our results indicate that by increasing presynaptic calcium, preNMDARs fine-tune mossy fiber neurotransmission and can control information transfer during dentate granule cell burst activity that normally occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Lituma
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Hyung-Bae Kwon
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Karina Alviña
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Rafael Luján
- Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
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3
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Pittaluga A. Presynaptic release-regulating NMDA receptors in isolated nerve terminals: A narrative review. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1001-1017. [PMID: 33347605 PMCID: PMC9328659 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of presynaptic, release‐regulating NMDA receptors in the CNS has been long matter of discussion. Most of the reviews dedicated to support this conclusion have preferentially focussed on the results from electrophysiological studies, paying little or no attention to the data obtained with purified synaptosomes, even though this experimental approach has been recognized as providing reliable information concerning the presence and the role of presynaptic release‐regulating receptors in the CNS. To fill the gap, this review is dedicated to summarising the results from studies with synaptosomes published during the last 40 years, which support the existence of auto and hetero NMDA receptors controlling the release of transmitters such as glutamate, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, 5‐HT, acetylcholine and peptides, in the CNS of mammals. The review also deals with the results from immunochemical studies in isolated nerve endings that confirm the functional observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacology (DIFAR), School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3Rs Center, University of Genova, Italy.,San Martino Hospital IRCCS, Genova, Italy
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4
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Lah MHC, Reza F, Begum T, Abdullah JM. Role of Pre-Synaptic NMDA Receptors in the Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Sensory-Motor and Visual Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Slices of Young Epileptic Mice. Malays J Med Sci 2019; 25:27-39. [PMID: 30899185 PMCID: PMC6422549 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies from animal models have shown that pre-synaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) are present in the cortex, but the role of inhibition mediated by preNMDARs during epileptogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we wanted to observe the changes in GABAergic inhibition through preNMDARs in sensory-motor and visual cortical pyramidal neurons after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Methods Using a pilocarpine-induced epileptic mouse model, sensory-motor and visual cortical slices were prepared, and the whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs). Results The primary finding was that the mean amplitude of sIPSC from the sensory-motor cortex increased significantly in epileptic mice when the recording pipette contained MK-801 compared to control mice, whereas the mean sIPSC frequency was not significantly different, indicating that post-synaptic mechanisms are involved. However, there was no significant pre-synaptic inhibition through preNMDARs in the acute brain slices from pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice. Conclusion In the acute case of epilepsy, a compensatory mechanism of post-synaptic inhibition, possibly from ambient GABA, was observed through changes in the amplitude without significant changes in the frequency of sIPSC compared to control mice. The role of preNMDAR-mediated inhibition in epileptogenesis during the chronic condition or in the juvenile stage warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Che Lah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahamina Begum
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Center for Neuroscience Services and Research (P3Neuro), Universiti Sains, Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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5
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Liu J, Chang L, Song Y, Li H, Wu Y. The Role of NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:43. [PMID: 30800052 PMCID: PMC6375899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression and spine elimination. Memantine, low-affinity NMDAR channel blocker, has been used in the treatment of moderate to severe AD. However, clear evidence is still deficient in demonstrating the underlying mechanisms and a relationship between NMDARs dysfunction and AD. This review focuses on not only changes in expression of different NMDAR subunits, but also some unconventional modes of NMDAR action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Ministry of Science and Technology Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Olivero G, Vergassola M, Cisani F, Usai C, Pittaluga A. Immuno-Pharmacological Characterization of Presynaptic GluN3A-Containing NMDA Autoreceptors: Relevance to Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6142-6155. [PMID: 30734226 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings express presynaptic release-regulating NMDA autoreceptors (NMDARs). The presence of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B, and GluN3A subunits in hippocampal vesicular glutamate transporter type 1-positive synaptosomes was confirmed with confocal microscopy. GluN2C, GluN2D, and GluN3B immunopositivity was scarcely present. Incubation of synaptosomes with the anti-GluN1, the anti-GluN2A, the anti-GluN2B, or the anti-GluN3A antibody prevented the 30 μM NMDA/1 μM glycine-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-ASP) release. The NMDA/glycine-evoked [3H]D-ASP release was reduced by increasing the external protons, consistent with the participation of GluN1 subunits lacking the N1 cassette to the receptor assembly. The result also excludes the involvement of GluN1/GluN3A dimers into the NMDA-evoked overflow. Complement (1:300) released [3H]D-ASP in a dizocilpine-sensitive manner, suggesting the participation of a NMDAR-mediated component in the releasing activity. Accordingly, the complement-evoked glutamate overflow was reduced in anti-GluN-treated synaptosomes when compared to the control. We speculated that incubation with antibodies had favored the internalization of NMDA receptors. Indeed, a significant reduction of the GluN1 and GluN2B proteins in the plasma membranes of anti-GluN1 or anti-GluN2B antibody-treated synaptosomes emerged in biotinylation studies. Altogether, our findings confirm the existence of presynaptic GluN3A-containing release-regulating NMDARs in mouse hippocampal glutamatergic nerve endings. Furthermore, they unveil presynaptic alteration of the GluN subunit insertion in synaptosomal plasma membranes elicited by anti-GluN antibodies that might be relevant to the central alterations occurring in patients suffering from autoimmune anti-NMDA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cisani
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy. .,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
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7
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Akgül G, McBain CJ. Diverse roles for ionotropic glutamate receptors on inhibitory interneurons in developing and adult brain. J Physiol 2016; 594:5471-90. [PMID: 26918438 PMCID: PMC5043048 DOI: 10.1113/jp271764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptor-mediated recruitment of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is a critical determinant of network processing. Early studies observed that many, but not all, interneuron glutamatergic synapses contain AMPA receptors that are GluA2-subunit lacking and Ca(2+) permeable, making them distinct from AMPA receptors at most principal cell synapses. Subsequent studies demonstrated considerable alignment of synaptic AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit composition within specific subtypes of interneurons, suggesting that both receptor expression profiles are developmentally and functionally linked. Indeed glutamate receptor expression profiles are largely predicted by the embryonic origins of cortical interneurons within the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences of the developing telencephalon. Distinct complements of AMPA and NMDA receptors within different interneuron subpopulations contribute to the differential recruitment of functionally divergent interneuron subtypes by common afferent inputs for appropriate feed-forward and feedback inhibitory drive and network entrainment. In contrast, the lesser-studied kainate receptors, which are often present at both pre- and postsynaptic sites, appear to follow an independent developmental expression profile. Loss of specific ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) subunits during interneuron development has dramatic consequences for both cellular and network function, often precipitating circuit inhibition-excitation imbalances and in some cases lethality. Here we briefly review recent findings highlighting the roles of iGluRs in interneuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcan Akgül
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Research Centre, Rm3C903, Lincoln Drive, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Zhang Y, Li P, Feng J, Wu M. Dysfunction of NMDA receptors in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1039-47. [PMID: 26971324 PMCID: PMC4917574 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a pivotal role in the synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity thought to underlie learning and memory. NMDARs activation has been recently implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) related to synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic NMDARs are neuroprotective, whereas overactivation of NMDARs located outside of the synapse cause loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. NMDARs dysfunction in the glutamatergic tripartite synapse, comprising presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and glial cells, is directly involved in AD. This review discusses that both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau perturb synaptic functioning of the tripartite synapse, including alterations in glutamate release, astrocytic uptake, and receptor signaling. Particular emphasis is given to the role of NMDARs as a possible convergence point for Aβ and tau toxicity and possible reversible stages of the AD through preventive and/or disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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9
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Banerjee A, Larsen RS, Philpot BD, Paulsen O. Roles of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors in Neurotransmission and Plasticity. Trends Neurosci 2015; 39:26-39. [PMID: 26726120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) play pivotal roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. They facilitate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and modulate mechanisms controlling synaptic maturation and plasticity during formative periods of brain development. There is an increasing understanding of the roles of preNMDARs in experience-dependent synaptic and circuit-specific computation. In this review we summarize the latest understanding of compartment-specific expression and function of preNMDARs, and how they contribute to synapse-specific and circuit-level information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Banerjee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Neuroscience Center, and Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Ole Paulsen
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Che A, Truong DT, Fitch RH, LoTurco JJ. Mutation of the Dyslexia-Associated Gene Dcdc2 Enhances Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission Between Layer 4 Neurons in Mouse Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:3705-3718. [PMID: 26250775 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in DCDC2 have been associated with reading disability in humans, and targeted mutation of Dcdc2 in mice causes impairments in both learning and sensory processing. In this study, we sought to determine whether Dcdc2 mutation affects functional synaptic circuitry in neocortex. We found mutation in Dcdc2 resulted in elevated spontaneous and evoked glutamate release from neurons in somatosensory cortex. The probability of release was decreased to wild-type level by acute application of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists when postsynaptic NMDARs were blocked by intracellular MK-801, and could not be explained by elevated ambient glutamate, suggesting altered, nonpostsynaptic NMDAR activation in the mutants. In addition, we determined that the increased excitatory transmission was present at layer 4-layer 4 but not thalamocortical connections in Dcdc2 mutants, and larger evoked synaptic release appeared to enhance the NMDAR-mediated effect. These results demonstrate an NMDAR activation-gated, increased functional excitatory connectivity between layer 4 lateral connections in somatosensory neocortex of the mutants, providing support for potential changes in cortical connectivity and activation resulting from mutation of dyslexia candidate gene Dcdc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Che
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology.,Current address: Weill Cornell Medical College, Brain & Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dongnhu T Truong
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Current address: Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - R Holly Fitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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11
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Brassai A, Suvanjeiev RG, Bán EG, Lakatos M. Role of synaptic and nonsynaptic glutamate receptors in ischaemia induced neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2015; 112:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Ohi Y, Kimura S, Haji A. Modulation of glutamatergic transmission by presynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate mechanisms in second-order neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarius. Neurosci Lett 2015; 587:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Seljeset S, Laverty D, Smart TG. Inhibitory Neurosteroids and the GABAA Receptor. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS OF GABA RECEPTORS: A TRIBUTE TO HANNS MÖHLER, PART A 2015; 72:165-87. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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14
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Horak M, Petralia RS, Kaniakova M, Sans N. ER to synapse trafficking of NMDA receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:394. [PMID: 25505872 PMCID: PMC4245912 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. There are three distinct subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that have been identified including 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid receptors (AMPARs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and kainate receptors. The most common GluRs in mature synapses are AMPARs that mediate the fast excitatory neurotransmission and NMDARs that mediate the slow excitatory neurotransmission. There have been large numbers of recent reports studying how a single neuron regulates synaptic numbers and types of AMPARs and NMDARs. Our current research is centered primarily on NMDARs and, therefore, we will focus in this review on recent knowledge of molecular mechanisms occurring (1) early in the biosynthetic pathway of NMDARs, (2) in the transport of NMDARs after their release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); and (3) at the plasma membrane including excitatory synapses. Because a growing body of evidence also indicates that abnormalities in NMDAR functioning are associated with a number of human psychiatric and neurological diseases, this review together with other chapters in this issue may help to enhance research and to gain further knowledge of normal synaptic physiology as well as of the etiology of many human brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horak
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Kaniakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i. Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Neurocentre Magendie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U862 Bordeaux, France ; Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, U862 Bordeaux, France
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15
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Thalamic NMDA receptor function is necessary for patterning of the thalamocortical somatosensory map and for sensorimotor behaviors. J Neurosci 2014; 34:12001-14. [PMID: 25186746 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1663-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDARs play a major role in patterning of topographic sensory maps in the brain. Genetic knock-out of the essential subunit of NMDARs in excitatory cortical neurons prevents whisker-specific neural pattern formation in the barrel cortex. To determine the role of NMDARs en route to the cortex, we generated sensory thalamus-specific NR1 (Grin1)-null mice (ThNR1KO). A multipronged approach, using histology, electrophysiology, optical imaging, and behavioral testing revealed that, in these mice, whisker patterns develop in the trigeminal brainstem but do not develop in the somatosensory thalamus. Subsequently, there is no barrel formation in the neocortex yet a partial afferent patterning develops. Whisker stimulation evokes weak cortical activity and presynaptic neurotransmitter release probability is also affected. We found several behavioral deficits in tasks, ranging from sensorimotor to social and cognitive. Collectively, these results show that thalamic NMDARs play a critical role in the patterning of the somatosensory thalamic and cortical maps and their impairment may lead to pronounced behavioral defects.
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16
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Pankratov Y, Lalo U. Calcium permeability of ligand-gated Ca2+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 739:60-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Blackman AV, Abrahamsson T, Costa RP, Lalanne T, Sjöström PJ. Target-cell-specific short-term plasticity in local circuits. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2013; 5:11. [PMID: 24367330 PMCID: PMC3854841 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2013.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term plasticity (STP) denotes changes in synaptic strength that last up to tens of seconds. It is generally thought that STP impacts information transfer across synaptic connections and may thereby provide neurons with, for example, the ability to detect input coherence, to maintain stability and to promote synchronization. STP is due to a combination of mechanisms, including vesicle depletion and calcium accumulation in synaptic terminals. Different forms of STP exist, depending on many factors, including synapse type. Recent evidence shows that synapse dependence holds true even for connections that originate from a single presynaptic cell, which implies that postsynaptic target cell type can determine synaptic short-term dynamics. This arrangement is surprising, since STP itself is chiefly due to presynaptic mechanisms. Target-specific synaptic dynamics in addition imply that STP is not a bug resulting from synapses fatiguing when driven too hard, but rather a feature that is selectively implemented in the brain for specific functional purposes. As an example, target-specific STP results in sequential somatic and dendritic inhibition in neocortical and hippocampal excitatory cells during high-frequency firing. Recent studies also show that the Elfn1 gene specifically controls STP at some synapse types. In addition, presynaptic NMDA receptors have been implicated in synapse-specific control of synaptic dynamics during high-frequency activity. We argue that synapse-specific STP deserves considerable further study, both experimentally and theoretically, since its function is not well known. We propose that synapse-specific STP has to be understood in the context of the local circuit, which requires combining different scientific disciplines ranging from molecular biology through electrophysiology to computer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne V Blackman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London London, UK
| | - Therese Abrahamsson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Ponte Costa
- Neuroinformatics Doctoral Training Centre, School of Informatics, Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Txomin Lalanne
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada ; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Jesper Sjöström
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London London, UK ; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Carson RG, Kennedy NC. Modulation of human corticospinal excitability by paired associative stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:823. [PMID: 24348369 PMCID: PMC3847812 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired Associative Stimulation (PAS) has come to prominence as a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of brain injury/disease, and as an experimental method with which to investigate Hebbian principles of neural plasticity in humans. Prototypically, a single electrical stimulus is directed to a peripheral nerve in advance of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Repeated pairing of the stimuli (i.e., association) over an extended period may increase or decrease the excitability of corticospinal projections from M1, in manner that depends on the interstimulus interval (ISI). It has been suggested that these effects represent a form of associative long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) that bears resemblance to spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) as it has been elaborated in animal models. With a large body of empirical evidence having emerged since the cardinal features of PAS were first described, and in light of the variations from the original protocols that have been implemented, it is opportune to consider whether the phenomenology of PAS remains consistent with the characteristic features that were initially disclosed. This assessment necessarily has bearing upon interpretation of the effects of PAS in relation to the specific cellular pathways that are putatively engaged, including those that adhere to the rules of STDP. The balance of evidence suggests that the mechanisms that contribute to the LTP- and LTD-type responses to PAS differ depending on the precise nature of the induction protocol that is used. In addition to emphasizing the requirement for additional explanatory models, in the present analysis we highlight the key features of the PAS phenomenology that require interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland ; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK
| | - Niamh C Kennedy
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast Belfast, UK ; School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
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19
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Mota SI, Ferreira IL, Rego AC. Dysfunctional synapse in Alzheimer's disease - A focus on NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt A:16-26. [PMID: 23973316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly. Alterations capable of causing brain circuitry dysfunctions in AD may take several years to develop. Oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plays a complex role in the molecular events that lead to progressive loss of function and eventually to neurodegeneration in this devastating disease. Moreover, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) activation has been recently implicated in AD-related synaptic dysfunction. Thus, in this review we focus on glutamatergic neurotransmission impairment and the changes in NMDAR regulation in AD, following the description on the role and location of NMDARs at pre- and post-synaptic sites under physiological conditions. In addition, considering that there is currently no effective ways to cure AD or stop its progression, we further discuss the relevance of NMDARs antagonists to prevent AD symptomatology. This review posits additional information on the role played by Aβ in AD and the importance of targeting the tripartite glutamatergic synapse in early asymptomatic and possible reversible stages of the disease through preventive and/or disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Synaptic Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra I Mota
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Rossi B, Collin T. Presynaptic NMDA receptors act as local high-gain glutamate detector in developing cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. J Neurochem 2013; 126:47-57. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Rossi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale; CNRS-UMR 8118; Université Paris Descartes; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
| | - Thibault Collin
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale; CNRS-UMR 8118; Université Paris Descartes; Université Paris Diderot; Paris France
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