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Zhang YZ, Huo DY, Liu Z, Li XD, Wang Z, Li W. Review on ginseng and its potential active substance G-Rg2 against age-related diseases: Traditional efficacy and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 337:118781. [PMID: 39260708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the Shen Nong Herbal Classic, Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is documented to possess life-prolonging effects and is extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as qi deficiency, temper deficiency, insomnia, and forgetfulness. Ginseng is commonly employed for replenishing qi and nourishing blood, fortifying the body and augmenting immunity; it has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating fatigue, enhancing memory, and retarding aging. Furthermore, it exhibits a notable ameliorative impact on age-related conditions including cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. One of its active constituents - ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2) - exhibits potential therapeutic efficacy in addressing these ailments. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to explore the traditional efficacy of ginseng in anti-aging diseases and the modern pharmacological mechanism of its potential active substance G-Rg2, in order to provide strong theoretical support for further elucidating the mechanism of its anti-aging effect. METHODS This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the traditional efficacy of ginseng and the potential mechanisms underlying the anti-age-related disease properties of G-Rg2, based on an extensive literature review up to March 12, 2024, from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Potential anti-aging mechanisms of G-Rg2 were predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis techniques. RESULTS In traditional Chinese medicine theory, ginseng has been shown to improve aging-related diseases with a variety of effects, including tonifying qi, strengthening the spleen and stomach, nourishing yin, regulating yin and yang, as well as calming the mind. Its potential active ingredient G-Rg2 has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in age-related diseases, especially central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. G-Rg2 exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Meanwhile, the network pharmacological analyses and molecular docking results were consistent with the existing literature review, further validating the potential efficacy of G-Rg2 as an anti-aging agent. CONCLUSION The review firstly explores the ameliorative effects of ginseng on a wide range of age-related diseases based on TCM theories. Secondly, the article focuses on the remarkable significance and value demonstrated by G-Rg2 in age-related cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, G-Rg2 has broad prospects for development in intervening in aging and treating age-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuo Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - De-Yang Huo
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin-Dian Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center for the Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Kwon D, Kim Y, Cho SH. Antidepressant Effects of Ginsenoside Rc on L-Alpha-Aminoadipic Acid-Induced Astrocytic Ablation and Neuroinflammation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9673. [PMID: 39273621 PMCID: PMC11396248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent and debilitating mental disorder that affects millions worldwide. Current treatments, such as antidepressants targeting the serotonergic system, have limitations, including delayed onset of action and high rates of treatment resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) has shown potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, but its antidepressant properties remain unexplored. This study investigated the antidepressant effects of G-Rc in an L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA)-induced mouse model of depression, which mimics the astrocytic pathology and neuroinflammation observed in major depressive disorder. Mice were administered G-Rc, vehicle, or imipramine orally after L-AAA injection into the prefrontal cortex. G-Rc significantly reduced the immobility time in forced swimming and tail suspension tests compared to vehicle treatment, with more pronounced effects than imipramine. It also attenuated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, lipocalin-2) and alleviated astrocytic degeneration, as indicated by increased GFAP and decreased IBA-1 levels. Additionally, G-Rc modulated apoptosis-related proteins, decreasing caspase-3 and increasing Bcl-2 levels compared to the L-AAA-treated group. These findings suggest that G-Rc exerts antidepressant effects by regulating neuroinflammation, astrocyte-microglia crosstalk, and apoptotic pathways in the prefrontal cortex, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kwon
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunna Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Research Group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Li J, Diao M, Li J, Xie N. Production and pharmaceutical research of minor saponins in Panax notoginseng (Sanqi): Current status and future prospects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114099. [PMID: 38641143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a traditional medicinal herb known as Sanqi or Tianqi in Asia and is commonly used worldwide. It is one of the main raw ingredients of Yunnan Baiyao, Fu fang dan shen di wan, and San qi shang yao pian. It is also a source of cardiotonic pill used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China, Korea, and Russia. Approximately 270 Panax notoginseng saponins have been isolated and identified as the major active components. Although the absorption and bioavailability of saponins are predominantly dependent on the gastrointestinal biotransformation capacity of an individual, minor saponins are better absorbed into the bloodstream and act as active substances than major saponins. Notably, minor saponins are absent or are present in minimal quantities under natural conditions. In this review, we focus on the strategies for the enrichment and production of minor saponins in P. notoginseng using physical, chemical, enzyme catalytic, and microbial methods. Moreover, pharmacological studies on minor saponins derived from P. notoginseng over the last decade are discussed. This review serves as a meaningful resource and guide, offering scholarly references for delving deeper into the exploration of the minor saponins in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China; National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianxiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Mengxue Diao
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
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Talaee N, Azadvar S, Khodadadi S, Abbasi N, Asli-Pashaki ZN, Mirabzadeh Y, Kholghi G, Akhondzadeh S, Vaseghi S. Comparing the effect of fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on the level of BDNF and depression in preclinical and clinical studies: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 80:983-1016. [PMID: 38558317 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms underlying depression. It seems that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve depression via affecting BDNF level. In this systematic review, for the first time, we aimed to review the effect of three SSRIs including fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline, on both depression and BDNF level in preclinical and clinical studies. PubMed electronic database was searched, and 193 articles were included in this study. After reviewing all manuscripts, only one important difference was found: subjects. We found that SSRIs induce different effects in animals vs. humans. Preclinical studies showed many controversial effects, while human studies showed only two effects: improvement of depression, with or without the improvement of BDNF. However, most studies used chronic SSRIs treatment, while acute SSRIs were not effectively used and evaluated. In conclusion, it seems that SSRIs are reliable antidepressants, and the improvement effect of SSRIs on depression is not dependent to BDNF level (at least in human studies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Talaee
- Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shataw Azadvar
- Department of Power Electronic, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khodadadi
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Abbasi
- Department of Health Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Mirabzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Shahin Akhondzadeh
- Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 1419815477, Iran.
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Zheng JY, Li XX, Liu X, Zhang CC, Sun YX, Ma YN, Wang HL, Su YA, Si TM, Li JT. Fluoxetine reverses early-life stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and region-specific alterations of monoamine transporters in female mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 237:173722. [PMID: 38336220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The sex difference that females are more vulnerable to depression than males has been recently replicated in an animal model of early-life stress (ES) called the limited bedding and nesting material (LBN) paradigm. Adopting this animal model, we have previously examined the effects of ES on monoamine transporter (MATs) expression in stress-related regions in adult female mice, and the reversal effects of a novel multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine. In this study, replacing vortioxetine with a classical antidepressant, fluoxetine, we aimed to replicate the ES effects in adult female mice and to elucidate the commonality and differences between fluoxetine and vortioxetine. We found that systemic 30-day treatment with fluoxetine successfully reversed ES-induced depression-like behaviors (especially sucrose preference) in adult female mice. At the molecular level, we largely replicated the ES effects, such as reduced serotonin transporter (SERT) expression in the amygdala and increased norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Similar reversal effects of fluoxetine and vortioxetine were observed, including SERT in the amygdala and NET in the mPFC, whereas different reversal effects were observed for NET in the hippocampus and vesicular monoamine transporters expression in the nucleus accumbens. Overall, these results demonstrate the validity of the LBN paradigm to induce depression-like behaviors in female mice, highlight the involvement of region-specific MATs in ES-induced depression-like behaviors, and provide insights for further investigation of neurobiological mechanisms, treatment, and prevention associated with depression in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ya Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Xin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Xin Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Nu Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Li Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
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Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Oh G, Im JH, Bae KS, Seong GS, La IJ, Lee DS, Choi SI, Lee OH. Ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 ameliorate dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1233-1243. [PMID: 38440685 PMCID: PMC10909033 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
High doses or prolonged use of the exogenous synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) can lead to muscle atrophy. In this study, the anti-atrophic effects of ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 on Dex-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy were assessed by XTT, myotube diameter, fusion index, and western blot analysis. The XTT assay results showed that treatment with Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 enhanced cell viability in Dex-injured C2C12 myotubes. Compared with the control group, the myotube diameter and fusion index were both reduced in Dex-treated cells, but treatment with Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 increased these parameters. Furthermore, Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 significantly downregulated the protein expression of FoxO3a, MuRF1, and Fbx32, while also upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis through the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. It also prevents myotube atrophy by regulating the IGF-1/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway. These findings indicate that Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3 have great potential as useful agents for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
- Agricultural and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
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Liu S, Chen W, Zhao Y, Zong Y, Li J, He Z. Research Progress on Effects of Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 on Nervous System and Related Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:7935. [PMID: 38067664 PMCID: PMC10708332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological-related disorders are diseases that affect the body's neurons or peripheral nerve tissue, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The development of neurological disorders can cause serious harm to the quality of life and functioning of the patient. The use of traditional therapeutic agents such as dopamine-promoting drugs, anticholinergic drugs, cholinesterase inhibitors, and NMDA receptor antagonists is often accompanied by a series of side effects such as drug resistance, cardiac arrhythmia, liver function abnormalities, and blurred vision. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a therapeutic drug with a high safety profile and few side effects. Herbal medicines are rich in active ingredients that are natural macromolecules. Ginsenoside is the main active ingredient of ginseng, which has a variety of pharmacological effects and is considered to have potential value in the treatment of human diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 have strong pharmacological activities in the nervous system, with protective effects on nerve cells, improved resistance to neuronal injury, modulation of neural activity, resistance to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, improvement of brain damage after eclampsia hemorrhage, improvement of memory and cognitive deficits, treatment of AD and vascular dementia, alleviation of anxiety, pain, and inhibition of ionic-like behavior. In this article, we searched the pharmacological research literature of Rg2 and Rh1 in the field of neurological diseases, summarized the latest research progress of the two ginsenosides, and reviewed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Rg2 and Rh1, which provided a new way of thinking for the research of the active ingredients in ginseng anti-neurological diseases and the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Weijia Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Ying Zong
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (S.L.); (W.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
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Ge JB, Jiang B, Shi TS, Li WY, Chen WJ, Zhu BL, Qin ZH. Cucurbitacin B Exerts Significant Antidepressant-Like Effects in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression: Involvement of the Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB System. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:680-691. [PMID: 37603290 PMCID: PMC10586053 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although depression has been a serious neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide, current antidepressants used in clinical practice have various weaknesses, including delayed onset and low rates of efficacy. Recently, the development of new antidepressants from natural herbal medicine has become one of the important research hotspots. Cucurbitacin B is a natural compound widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae and Cruciferae families and has many pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate whether cucurbitacin B possess antidepressant-like effects in mice. METHODS The antidepressant-like effects of cucurbitacin B on mice behaviors were explored using the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression together. Then, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effects of cucurbitacin B on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, BDNF-short hairpin RNA, K252a, and p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester were adopted together to determine the antidepressant mechanism of cucurbitacin B. RESULTS It was found that administration of cucurbitacin B indeed produced notable antidepressant-like effects in mice, which were accompanied with significant promotion in both the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB pathway and neurogenesis. The antidepressant mechanism of cucurbitacin B involves the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system but not the serotonin system. CONCLUSIONS Cucurbitacin B has the potential to be a novel antidepressant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Disease, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Nantong Rehabilitation Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian-Shun Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Lun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Disease, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Yang J, Qiu M, Lu T, Yang S, Yu J, Lin J, Ma H, Guo Z, Chen Z, Han X, Zhang D. Discovery and verification of bitter components in Panax notoginseng based on the integrated strategy of pharmacophore model, system separation and bitter tracing technology. Food Chem 2023; 428:136716. [PMID: 37413835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a world-renowned tonic herb, which has been used as a characteristic food in Southwest China for hundreds of years. However, the taste of Panax notoginseng is extremely bitter and serious after tasting, and its bitter components are unknown. This manuscript proposes a new strategy for discovering bitter components of Panax notoginseng based on the integrated analysis of pharmacophore model, system separation and bitter tracing technology. Firstly, 16 potential bitter components were obtained by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS combined with virtual screening, most of which were saponins.Then, the bitter components were further separated by system component separation and 5 potential bitter components were obtained. Finally, the main contributors of bitterness in Panax notoginseng were verified to be Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rd by components knock-in and fNIRS. In general, this paper is the first literature report on the relatively systematic study of bitter components in Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Min Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Tai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China
| | - Ji Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Sichuan Houde Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhencai Chen
- Department of Psychology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, PR China.
| | - Xue Han
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China; Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou 611900, PR China.
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Gao B, Qu YC, Cai MY, Zhang YY, Lu HT, Li HX, Tang YX, Shen H. Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023:S2095-4964(23)00048-1. [PMID: 37380564 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated trends in the study of phytochemical treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS The Web of Science database (2007-2022) was searched using the search terms "phytochemicals" and "PTSD," and relevant literature was compiled. Network clustering co-occurrence analysis and qualitative narrative review were conducted. RESULTS Three hundred and one articles were included in the analysis of published research, which has surged since 2015 with nearly half of all relevant articles coming from North America. The category is dominated by neuroscience and neurology, with two journals, Addictive Behaviors and Drug and Alcohol Dependence, publishing the greatest number of papers on these topics. Most studies focused on psychedelic intervention for PTSD. Three timelines show an "ebb and flow" phenomenon between "substance use/marijuana abuse" and "psychedelic medicine/medicinal cannabis." Other phytochemicals account for a small proportion of the research and focus on topics like neurosteroid turnover, serotonin levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. CONCLUSION Research on phytochemicals and PTSD is unevenly distributed across countries/regions, disciplines, and journals. Since 2015, the research paradigm shifted to constitute the mainstream of psychedelic research thus far, leading to the exploration of botanical active ingredients and molecular mechanisms. Other studies focus on anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. Please cite this article as: Gao B, Qu YC, Cai MY, Zhang YY, Lu HT, Li HX, Tang YX, Shen H. Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Gao
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Teaching and Research Support Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Cui Qu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meng-Yu Cai
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yin-Yin Zhang
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Tao Lu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Tang
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Yoon S, Iqbal H, Kim SM, Jin M. Phytochemicals That Act on Synaptic Plasticity as Potential Prophylaxis against Stress-Induced Depressive Disorder. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:148-160. [PMID: 36694423 PMCID: PMC9970837 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder associated with persistent stress and disruption of neuronal function. Persistent stress causes neuronal atrophy, including loss of synapses and reduced size of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are associated with neural dysfunction, including mood disturbances, cognitive impairment, and behavioral changes. Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental function of neural networks in response to various stimuli and acts by reorganizing neuronal structure, function, and connections from the molecular to the behavioral level. In this review, we describe the alterations in synaptic plasticity as underlying pathological mechanisms for depression in animal models and humans. We further elaborate on the significance of phytochemicals as bioactive agents that can positively modulate stress-induced, aberrant synaptic activity. Bioactive agents, including flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and lignans, have been reported to upregulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and release, suppress neuronal loss, and activate the relevant signaling pathways, including TrkB, ERK, Akt, and mTOR pathways, resulting in increased spine maturation and synaptic numbers in the neuronal cells and in the brains of stressed animals. In clinical trials, phytochemical usage is regarded as safe and well-tolerated for suppressing stress-related parameters in patients with depression. Thus, intake of phytochemicals with safe and active effects on synaptic plasticity may be a strategy for preventing neuronal damage and alleviating depression in a stressful life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hamid Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author E-mail: , Tel: +82-32-899-6080, Fax: +82-32-899-6029
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12
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Jin Y, Pang H, Zhao L, Zhao F, Cheng Z, Liu Q, Cui R, Yang W, Li B. Ginseng total saponins and Fuzi total alkaloids exert antidepressant-like effects in ovariectomized mice through BDNF-mTORC1, autophagy and peripheral metabolic pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154425. [PMID: 36137328 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shenfu decoction (SFD) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription that has a strong cardiotonic effect. The combination of ginseng (the dried root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and Fuzi (processed product of sub-root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx), the main constituents of SFD, has been reported to improve the pharmacological effect of each other. Moreover, research has shown that the main active components of SFD, ginseng total saponins (GTS) and Fuzi total alkaloids (FTA), have antidepressant activity. However, the effects of these ingredients on depressive-like behavior induced by ovariectomy, a model of menopausal depression, have not been studied. PURPOSE Our research aims to elucidate the antidepressant-like effects of GTS and FTA compatibility (GF) in ovariectomized mice and the potential mechanisms. METHODS To elucidate the antidepressant-like effects of GF in mice in ovariectomy condition, behavioral tests were performed after 7 days of intragastric administration of different doses of GF. Underlying molecular mechanisms of CREB-BDNF, BDNF-mTORC1 and autophagy signaling were detected by western blotting, serum metabolites were examined by UPLC-QE plus-MS and dendritic spine density was determined by Golgi-Cox staining. RESULTS GF remarkably decreased the immobility time in the forced swim test. GF also increased levels of pCREB/CREB, BDNF, Akt, mTORC1 and p62 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as well as decreased LC3-II/LC3-I in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of ovariectomized mice. Furthermore, 15 serum differential metabolites (9 of which are lipids and lipid molecules) were identified by metabonomics. Next, the antidepressant-like effects of GF was blocked by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1. The antidepressant actions of GF on levels of pCREB, mTORC1, LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 in the prefrontal cortex and the levels of BDNF, Akt, mTORC1 and p62 in the hippocampus were inhibited by rapamycin, and the dendritic spines density was also regulated. CONCLUSION GF has antidepressant effects in ovariectomized mice, and like other antidepressants, these effects involve activation of BDNF-mTORC1, autophagy regulation and consequent effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Moreover, metabolomic results suggest that GF also has effects on peripheral lipid profiles that may provide potential biomarkers for these antidepressant-like effects. These results indicate that GF is worthy of further exploration as a promising pharmaceutical treatment for depression. This study provides a new direction for the development of new indications for traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- Cosmetics Laboratory, Jilin Institute for Drug Control, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Fangyi Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ziqian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China; Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Screening of Antidepressant, Changchun 130041, PR China; Central Laboratory, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
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Antidepressive Effect of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting BDNF-TrkB in Gut-Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314968. [PMID: 36499295 PMCID: PMC9737781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern neurological approaches enable detailed studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. An imbalance in the microbiota-gut-brain axis contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. This extensive review aimed to elucidate the antidepressive effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-targeting therapeutic natural products and their derivatives on the gut-brain axis. This information could facilitate the development of novel antidepressant drugs. BDNF is crucial for neuronal genesis, growth, differentiation, survival, plasticity, and synaptic transmission. Signaling via BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) plays a vital role in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the therapeutic mechanism of antidepressants. This comprehensive review provides information to researchers and scientists for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression and stress. Future research should aim to determine the possible causative role of BDNF-TrkB in the gut-brain axis in depression, which will require further animal and clinical research as well as the development of analytical approaches.
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Mony TJ, Elahi F, Choi JW, Park SJ. Neuropharmacological Effects of Terpenoids on Preclinical Animal Models of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091834. [PMID: 36139909 PMCID: PMC9495487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are widely distributed in nature, especially in the plant kingdom, and exhibit diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years, screening has revealed a wide variety of new terpenoids that are active against different psychiatric disorders. This review synthesized the current published preclinical studies of terpenoid use in psychiatric disorders. This review was extensively investigated to provide empirical evidence regarding the neuropharmacological effects of the vast group of terpenoids in translational models of psychiatric disorders, their relevant mechanisms of action, and treatment regimens with evidence of the safety and psychotropic efficacy. Therefore, we utilized nine (9) electronic databases and performed manual searches of each. The relevant data were retrieved from the articles published until present. We used the search terms "terpenoids" or "terpenes" and "psychiatric disorders" ("psychiatric disorders" OR "psychiatric diseases" OR "neuropsychiatric disorders" OR "psychosis" OR "psychiatric symptoms"). The efficacy of terpenoids or biosynthetic compounds in the terpenoid group was demonstrated in preclinical animal studies. Ginsenosides, bacosides, oleanolic acid, asiatic acid, boswellic acid, mono- and diterpenes, and different forms of saponins and triterpenoids were found to be important bioactive compounds in several preclinical studies of psychosis. Taken together, the findings of the present review indicate that natural terpenoids and their derivatives could achieve remarkable success as an alternative therapeutic option for alleviating the core or associated behavioral features of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Jahan Mony
- Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.W.C.); (S.J.P.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4955 (J.W.C.); +82-33-250-6441 (S.J.P.); Fax: +82-32-820-4829 (J.W.C.); +82-33-259-5563 (S.J.P.)
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15
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Shi LS, Ji CH, Liu Y, Gu JH, Tang WQ, Zhang W, Guan W. Ginsenoside Rh2 administration produces crucial antidepressant-like effects in a CUMS-induced mice model of depression. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2705. [PMID: 35848938 PMCID: PMC9392527 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most striking feature of depression is sadness and a loss of interest in activities, which represents a major cause of disability globally. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel antidepressants for clinical practice. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is one of the major bioactive ginsenosides that can be extracted from Panax ginseng and has been demonstrated to improve both memory and learning. The purpose of this study was to provide broad insight into the mechanisms underlying depression and gain greater insights into antidepressant therapy. METHODS In this study, we first established an effective and feasible depression animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and behavioral testing was evaluated by the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST) and the sucrose preference test. Following pretreatment with Rh2 (10 and 20 mg/kg), the immobility time of mice was reduced without affecting locomotor activity in both the FST and TST. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway and hippocampal neurogenesis. RESULTS Different concentrations of Rh2 significantly reduced depressive-like symptoms in CUMS-induced mice and downregulated the effects of the BDNF signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of K252a completely prevented the antidepressant-like activity of Rh2 in mice. CONCLUSION The results indicated that Rh2 possesses the antidepression action via the positive regulation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial key laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Wu ZH, Fan H, Gao SY, Jin YF, Cheng chen, Jiang B, Shen J. Antidepressant-like activity of oroxylin A in mice models of depression: A behavioral and neurobiological characterization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:921553. [PMID: 35959431 PMCID: PMC9360618 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.921553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder which causes a huge economic burden to both families and societies. However, those monoamine-based antidepressants used in clinical practice have been found to have various limitations. Therefore, currently it is very necessary to explore novel antidepressant targets and medications. As a main active component extracted from Scutellariae radix, oroxylin A possesses many pharmacological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Here, the present study aims to investigate whether oroxylin A possess antidepressant-like actions using the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) models of depression, forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, sucrose preference test, western blotting, immunofluorescence and viral-mediated gene interference. Our results revealed that treatment of oroxylin A fully prevented both the CUMS-induced and CRS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Moreover, the protecting effects of oroxylin A against CUMS and CRS on mice behaviors were accompanied with a significant enhancement on the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated tyrosine kinase B (pTrkB), phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus remarkably abolished the antidepressant-like efficacy of oroxylin A in both the CUMS and CRS models of depression, proving that the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system participates in the antidepressant mechanism of oroxylin A. In summary, our findings are the first evidence showing that oroxylin A possesses potential of being an antidepressant candidate.
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17
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Li Y, Guo Q, Huang J, Wang Z. Antidepressant Active Ingredients From Chinese Traditional Herb Panax Notoginseng: A Pharmacological Mechanism Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922337. [PMID: 35795547 PMCID: PMC9252462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the world and is highly disabling, lethal, and seriously endangers social stability. The side effects of clinical drugs used to treat depression are obvious, and the onset time is longer. Therefore, there is a great demand for antidepressant drugs with better curative effects, fewer side effects, and shorter onset time. Panax notoginseng, a Chinese herbal medication, has been used to treat depression for thousands of years and shown to have a therapeutic effect on depression. This review surveyed PubMed’s most recent 20 years of research on Panax notoginseng’s use for treating depression. We mainly highlight animal model research and outlined the pathways influenced by medicines. We provide a narrative review of recent empirical evidence of the anti-depressive effects of Panax Notoginseng and novel ideas for developing innovative clinical antidepressants with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwan Guo
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junqing Huang, ; Ziying Wang,
| | - Ziying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junqing Huang, ; Ziying Wang,
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Shi LS, Ji CH, Tang WQ, Liu Y, Zhang W, Guan W. Hippocampal miR-124 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Depression via Regulating the Expression of BDNF in a Chronic Social Defeat Stress Model of Depression. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:210-218. [PMID: 35838216 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220713105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, the exact pathogenesis of depression remains elusive. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel antidepressants for effective treatment. MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), the most abundant miRNA in brain tissue, plays a key effect on adult neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism of miR-124 in depression has not been clarified so far. The aim of this study is to provide broad insight into the mechanisms underlying depression. METHODS In the study, we used the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), and a Chronic Social Defeat Stress (CSDS) mice model of depression. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence and virus-mediated gene transfer were used together. The level of plasma corticosterone in mice was analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS It was found that CSDS robustly increased the level of miR-124 in the hippocampus. Genetic knockdown of hippocampal miR-124 produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the CSDS model of depression. Furthermore, AAV-siR-124-EGFP treatment increased the level of plasma corticosterone in CSDS-induced mice. Moreover, it was found that the antidepressant-like effects induced by miR-124 inhibition required the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system. CONCLUSION Hippocampal miR-124 participated in the pathogenesis of depression by regulating BDNF biosynthesis and was a feasible antidepressant target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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He Z, Chen S, Pan T, Li A, Wang K, Lin Z, Liu W, Wang Y, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorating CDAHFD-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating AKT/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1911-1922. [PMID: 35104139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg2 (G-Rg2) in the rhizome of Panax ginseng can modify lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the liver induced by a high-fat diet. This research adds to this by assessing the potential antifibrosis effect of G-Rg2 (including possible mechanisms). G-Rg2 significantly improved pathological changes in liver tissue induced by a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD), it inhibited serum transaminase, plasma lipopolysaccharide, and liver hydroxyproline levels; it inhibited TGF-β1, α-SMA, and COL1A1 expression, it activated the AKT/mTOR signal pathway, and it inhibited liver expression of autophagy-related proteins. The in vitro experiments showed that G-Rg2 also restored the autophagy flux impairment induced by oleic acid and inhibited TGF-β1 expression by promoting p62 degradation in hepatocytes. In hepatic stellate (HSC-T6) cells, G-Rg2 reversed lipopolysaccharide-induced activation through the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting autophagy. Thus, G-Rg2 ameliorates CDAHFD-induced liver fibrosis and lipopolysaccharide-induced HSC-T6 cell activation by inhibiting AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei He
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ao Li
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118,China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118,China
| | - Zhuofeng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Foreign Languages, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118,China
- Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
- Laboratory for Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants of National Administrition of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130118, China
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20
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Lu J, Wang X, Wu A, Cao Y, Dai X, Liang Y, Li X. Ginsenosides in central nervous system diseases: Pharmacological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1523-1544. [PMID: 35084783 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is one of the most complex physiological systems, and central nervous system diseases (CNSDs) are serious diseases that affect human health. Ginseng (Panax L.), the root of Panax species, are famous Chinese herbs that have been used for various diseases in China, Japan, and Korea since ancient times, and remain a popular natural medicine used worldwide in modern times. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and increasing evidence has demonstrated that ginsenosides can prevent CNSDs, including neurodegenerative diseases, memory and cognitive impairment, cerebral ischemia injury, depression, brain glioma, multiple sclerosis, which has been confirmed in numerous studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential pathways by which ginsenosides affect the pathogenesis of CNSDs mainly including antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-apoptotic effects, and nerve protection, which provides novel ideas for the treatment of CNSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anxin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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21
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Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway by ginsenosides in neurodegenerative diseases: A mechanistic approach. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Cai L, Hu F, Fu W, Yu X, Zhong W, Liu F, Wang T, Sui D. Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorates Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3431-3439. [PMID: 34270001 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of maternal hemorrhagic stroke is elevated in women with preeclampsia during pregnancy. Panax ginseng is a traditional medicinal herb with numerous applications, and ginsenosides are the key bioactive compounds in Panax ginseng. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on pregnancy outcomes and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a rat model of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia was induced in rats by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Then, an ICH model was prepared by intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. Ginsenoside Rg2 markedly elevated the survival ratio of fetuses. The placental and body weights were increased in the ginsenoside Rg2 group. Compared with the preeclampsia group, the Garcia test score of ginsenoside Rg2-treated rats was significantly increased. Ginsenoside Rg2 treatment ameliorated the ICH-induced augmentation of Evans blue extravasation, inhibited the ICH-induced elevation of brain water content, and reduced the interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the hemorrhagic hemisphere after ICH in preeclampsia model rats. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg2 treatment not only inhibited augmentation of TLR-4, MyD88, p-IκBα, and p-NF-κB expression but also abated the reduction of occludin and claudin-5 expression in the hemorrhagic hemisphere. The findings indicated that ginsenoside Rg2 improved pregnancy outcomes in a rat model of preeclampsia without decreasing the blood pressure and urine protein level. The findings also demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg2 ameliorated ICH-induced neurological disorder and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in an animal model of preeclampsia by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangcong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayuan Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Guan W, Gu JH, Ji CH, Liu Y, Tang WQ, Wang Y, Jiang B. Xanthoceraside administration produces significant antidepressant effects in mice through activation of the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2021; 757:135994. [PMID: 34058291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current available antidepressants have various adverse reactions and slow pharmacodynamics, so it is necessary to find novel antidepressants for effective treatment. Xanthoceraside (XAN), a novel triterpenoid saponin extracted from the fruit husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge, has anti-amnesic and neuroprotective properties. The purpose and significance of this study is to assess whether XAN has antidepressant effects in mice using the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression. The effects of XAN treatment on the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway and neurogenesis were examined. The antidepressant mechanism of XAN was explored using a BDNF inhibitor (K252a) and an anti-BDNF antibody. It was found that XAN administration significantly reversed the depressive-like behaviors of CUMS-treated mice. XAN treatment also significantly prevented the decreasing effects of CUMS on the hippocampal BDNF signaling and neurogenesis. The antidepressant effects of XAN in mice were blocked by both administration of K252a and anti-BDNF antibody. Collectively, these findings indicate that XAN possesses antidepressant effects in mice which are mediated by activation of hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway, thus providing the first evidence that XAN can be a potential antidepressant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 PingHai Road, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Kim Y, Cho SH. The effect of ginsenosides on depression in preclinical studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:420-432. [PMID: 34025135 PMCID: PMC8134838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many ginsenosides have been shown to be efficacious for major depressive disorder (MDD), which is a highly recurrent disorder, through several preclinical studies. We aimed to review the literature assessing the antidepressant effects of ginsenosides on MDD animal models, to establish systematic scientific evidence in a rigorous manner. METHODS We performed a systematic review on the antidepressant effects of ginsenoside evaluated in in vivo studies. We searched for preclinical trials from inception to July 2019 in electronic databases such as Pubmed and Embase. In vivo studies examining the effect of a single ginsenoside on animal models of primary depression were included. Items of each study were evaluated by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess behavioral changes induced by ginsenoside Rg1, which was the most studied ginsenoside. Data were pooled using the random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 517 studies were identified, and 23 studies were included in the final analysis. They reported on many ginsenosides with different antidepressant effects and biological mechanisms of action. Of the 12 included articles assessing ginsenoside Rg1, pooled results of forced swimming test from 9 articles (mean difference (MD): 20.50, 95% CI: 16.13-24.87), and sucrose preference test from 11 articles (MD: 28.29, 95% CI: 22.90-33.69) showed significant differences compared with vehicle treatment. The risk of bias of each study was moderate, but there was significant heterogeneity across studies. CONCLUSION These estimates suggest that ginsenosides, including ginsenoside Rg1, reduces symptoms of depression, modulates underlying mechanisms, and can be a promising antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunna Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research group of Neuroscience, East-West Medical Research Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Cui J, Shan R, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Liu C, Fan Y. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against memory impairment and neuronal death induced by Aβ25-35 in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113466. [PMID: 33049344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside Rg2 is an important ingredient of Panax ginseng which often appears in ancient prescriptions for forgetfulness. Ginsenoside Rg2 exert neuroprotective effects and could be a new potential medicine to treat AD. In our previous study, we reported that ginsenoside Rg2 appears protect PC12 cells against Amyloid β-fragment (25-35) (Aβ25-35)-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, there are no in vivo studies on the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment, and its underlying mechanisms in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS An Alzheimer's Disease (AD) rat model was established by injecting the rats with Aβ25-35 (1 μg/μl). Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze test (MWM). The brain sections were processed and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus was evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E). To explore the anti-neuronal apoptosis mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2, we analyzed the protein expression of Bcl-2/Bax, caspase-3, and phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B (p-Akt/Akt) via western blot. RESULTS A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in administrated ginsenoside Rg2 AD rats. The histological injury in hippocampus CA1 induced by Aβ25-35 was inhibited following administration of the ginsenoside Rg2. Ginsenoside Rg2 increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, attenuate the cleavage of caspase-3, and enhance the phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg2 could ameliorate Aβ25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Rui Shan
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China
| | - Yanqi Cao
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China.
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26
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Nguyen TLL, Huynh DTN, Jin Y, Jeon H, Heo KS. Protective effects of ginsenoside-Rg2 and -Rh1 on liver function through inhibiting TAK1 and STAT3-mediated inflammatory activity and Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:241-252. [PMID: 33537886 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic or hepatic inflammation is caused by intraperitoneal application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of combination of ginsenoside-Rg2 (G-Rg2) and -Rh1 (G-Rh1) on liver function under LPS challenging. We first confirmed that G-Rg2 and -Rh1 at 100 μg/ml did not show cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. G-Rg2 and -Rh1 treatment significantly inhibited activation of STAT3 and TAK1, and inflammatory factors including iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in peritoneal macrophages. In HepG2 cells, G-Rg2 and -Rh1 treatment inhibited activation of STAT3 and TAK1/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and down-regulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB transcription factor. In addition, LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was restored by treatment with G-Rg2 and -Rh1. Interestingly, pretreatment with G-Rg2 and -Rh1 effectively inhibited mitochondrial damage-mediated ROS production induced by LPS stimulation, and alterations of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and ARE promotor activity were involved in G-Rg2 and -Rh1 effects on balancing ROS levels. In liver tissues of LPS-treated mice, G-Rg2 and -Rh1 treatment protected liver damages and increased Nrf2 expression while reducing CD45 expression. Taken together, G-Rg2 and -Rh1 exerts a protective effect on liver function by increasing antioxidant through Nrf2 and anti-inflammatory activities through STAT3/TAK1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in liver cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Le Lam Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Yujin Jin
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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27
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Liu QF, Park SW, Kim YM, Song SJ, Chin YW, Pak SC, Jeon S, Koo BS. Administration of Kyung-Ok-Ko reduces stress-induced depressive behaviors in mice through inhibition of inflammation pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113441. [PMID: 33027642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional medicinal formula composed of Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Korean Red Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, and honey, has been used to treat amnesia and dementia. KOK has also been shown to ameliorate transient cerebral global ischemia-induced brain damage, but the antidepressant-like effect of KOK has not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY This study examined the antidepressant-like effect of KOK in an immobilization-induced stress mouse and its mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals in the stress group were immobilized for two hours a day for two weeks. KOK at a dose of 1 g/kg/day was administered orally to the stressed mice for two weeks in advance of their immobilization. A forced swimming test was performed to analyze their depressive behaviors. To examine the anti-inflammatory or antioxidative effects of KOK, the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells and human neuroblastoma cell, SH-SY5Y cells, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. RESULT The KOK extract showed no significant toxicity when the cells were treated with a KOK extract at 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The KOK ethanol extract reduced LPS-induced TNF-α production, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA level, and the levels of MAPK and p38 phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells. KOK also suppressed H2O2-induced cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SH-SY5Y cells. In the forced swimming test, KOK induced a decrease in immobility and an increase in climbing activity. Finally, the administration of KOK reversed the up-regulation of IkB-α phosphorylation in the stressed mouse cortex. CONCLUSION KOK might be useful for the treatment of depression caused by environmental and lifestyle-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Park
- Yaksan Korean Medical Clinic 302, Dongyang-plaza 533-3, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue-Jin Song
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 32, Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Tang WQ, Ji CH, Gu JH, Jiang B. Antidepressant-like effects of 1-methylnicotinamide in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Neurosci Lett 2021; 742:135535. [PMID: 33248165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, and there is strong demand for developing novel antidepressants with better efficacy and less adverse effects. 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA) is a main metabolite of nicotinamide and has been demonstrated to possess biological effects in the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of MNA in mice, and the possible antidepressant mechanism was also determined. The forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression, western blotting method and K252a (a pharmacological inhibitor of the BDNF receptor) were used together in the present study. It was found that a single injection of MNA (100 and 200 mg/kg) displayed notable antidepressant-like potential in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Repeated administration of MNA (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks fully reversed not only the CUMS-induced depressive-like symptoms in mice but also the CUMS-induced decrease in the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway. Furthermore, the usage of K252a fully blocked the antidepressant-like effects of MNA in the FST, TST and CUMS model of depression. Collectively, MNA possess an antidepressant-like effect in mice which is mediated, at least in part, through promoting the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Liu Y, Tang W, Ji C, Gu J, Chen Y, Huang J, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wang C, Guan W, Liu J, Jiang B. The Selective SIK2 Inhibitor ARN-3236 Produces Strong Antidepressant-Like Efficacy in Mice via the Hippocampal CRTC1-CREB-BDNF Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:624429. [PMID: 33519490 PMCID: PMC7840484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.624429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a widespread chronic medical illness affecting thoughts, mood, and physical health. However, the limited and delayed therapeutic efficacy of monoaminergic drugs has led to intensive research efforts to develop novel antidepressants. ARN-3236 is the first potent and selective inhibitor of salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2). In this study, a multidisciplinary approach was used to explore the antidepressant-like actions of ARN-3236 in mice. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) models of depression, various behavioral tests, high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, stereotactic infusion, viral-mediated gene transfer, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used together. It was found that ARN-3236 could penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Repeated ARN-3236 administration induced significant antidepressant-like effects in both the CSDS and CUMS models of depression, accompanied with fully preventing the stress-enhanced SIK2 expression and cytoplasmic translocation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) in the hippocampus. ARN-3236 treatment also completely reversed the down-regulating effects of CSDS and CUMS on the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) system and neurogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrated that the hippocampal CRTC1-CREB-BDNF pathway mediated the antidepressant-like efficacy of ARN-3236. Collectively, ARN-3236 possesses strong protecting effects against chronic stress, and could be a novel antidepressant beyond monoaminergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Chunhui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jianghong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yingfang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, China
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Huynh DTN, Baek N, Sim S, Myung CS, Heo KS. Minor Ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Liver and Kidney Damages via Downregulating Activation of TLR4-STAT1 and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186656. [PMID: 32932915 PMCID: PMC7555743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides have been reported to have various biological effects, such as immune regulation and anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of a combination of Rg2 and Rh1, which are minor ginsenosides, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation. In vitro experiments were performed using the RAW264.7 cell line, and an in vivo model of inflammation was established using LPS-treated ICR mice. We employed Griess assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate the effect of Rg2 and Rh1. We found that Rg2 and Rh1 significantly decreased LPS-induced major inflammatory mediator production, inducible-nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production in macrophages. Moreover, Rg2 and Rh1 combination treatment inhibited the binding of LPS to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, the combination of ginsenoside Rg2 and Rh1 suppressed inflammation by abolishing the binding of LPS to TLR4, thereby inhibiting the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway. The combined ginsenoside synergistically blocked LPS-mediated PKCδ translocation to the plasma membrane, resulting in p38-STAT1 activation and NF-κB translocation. In addition, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-β, were significantly decreased by combined ginsenoside treatment. Notably, the 20 mg/kg ginsenoside treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced acute tissue inflammation levels in vivo, as indicated by the tissue histological damage scores and the levels of biochemical markers for liver and kidney function from mouse serum. These results suggest that the minor ginsenosides Rg2 and Rh1 may play a key role in prevention of LPS-induced acute inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diem Thi Ngoc Huynh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (N.B.); (S.S.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Naehwan Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (N.B.); (S.S.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Sohyun Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (N.B.); (S.S.); (C.-S.M.)
- Department of Chemicals Assessment, Korea Environment Corporation, Incheon 404-708, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (N.B.); (S.S.); (C.-S.M.)
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (D.T.N.H.); (N.B.); (S.S.); (C.-S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5927
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Wu R, Wang H, Lv X, Shen X, Ye G. Rapid action of mechanism investigation of Yixin Ningshen tablet in treating depression by combinatorial use of systems biology and bioinformatics tools. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112827. [PMID: 32276008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yixin Ningshen tablet is a CFDA-approved TCM formula for treating depression clinically. However, little is known about its active compounds and related potential target proteins, so far, no researches have been performed to investigate its mechanism of action for the treatment of depression. AIM OF THE STUDY Here we develop an original bioinformatics pipeline composed of text mining tools, database querying and systems biology combinatorial analysis, which is applied to rapidly explore the mechanism of action of Yixin Ningshen tablet in treating depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Text mining and database query were applied to identify active compounds in Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of depression. Then SwissTargetPrediction was used to predict their potential target proteins. PubMed was retrieved to summarize known depression related systems biology results. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tools and STRING were applied to construct a compound-target protein-gene protein-differential protein-differential metabolite network with the integration of compound-target interaction and systems biology results, as well as enrich the target proteins related pathways. ChEMBL and CDOCKER were used to validate the compound-target interactions. RESULTS 62 active compounds and their 286 potential target proteins were identified in Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of depression. The construction of compound-target protein-gene protein-differential protein-differential metabolite network shrinked the number of potential target proteins from 286 to 133. Pathway enrichment analysis of target proteins indicated that Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Calcium signaling pathway, Serotonergic synapse, cAMP signaling pathway and Gap junction were the common primary pathways regulated by both Yixin Ningshen Tablet and anti-depressant drugs, and MAPK, Relaxin, AGE-RAGE, Estrogen, HIF-1, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Endocrine resistance, Arachidonic acid metabolism and Regulation of actin cytoskeleton were the specifically main pathways regulated by Yixin Ningshen tablet for the treatment of depression. Further validations based on references and molecular docking results demonstrated that Yixin Ningshen tablet could primarily target MAPT, CHRM1 and DRD1, thus regulating serotonergic neurons, cholinergic transmission, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake for the treatment of depression. CONCLUSIONS This study displays the power of extensive mining of public data and bioinformatical repositories to provide answers for a specific pharmacological question. It furthermore demonstrates how the usage of such a combinatorial approach is advantageous for the biologist in terms of experimentation time and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoming Wu
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing Lv
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 310000, China.
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Geraldi A. Advances in the Production of Minor Ginsenosides Using Microorganisms and Their Enzymes. BIO INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Minor ginsenodes are of great interest due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as their anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, immunomodulator, and anti-inflammatory effects. The miniscule amount of minor ginsenosides in ginseng plants has driven
the development of their mass production methods. Among the various production methods for minor ginsenosides, the utilization of microorganisms and their enzymes are considered as highly specific, safe, and environmentally friendly. In this review, various minor ginsenosides production strategies,
namely utilizing microorganisms and recombinant microbial enzymes, for biotransforming major ginsenosides into minor ginsenoside, as well as constructing synthetic minor ginsenosides production pathways in yeast cell factories, are described and discussed. Furthermore, the present challenges
and future research direction for producing minor ginsenosides using those approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almando Geraldi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Sakuma W, Nakagawasai O, Nemoto W, Odaira T, Ogawa T, Ohta K, Endo Y, Tan-No K. Antidepressant effect of BE360, a new selective estrogen receptor modulator, activated via CREB/BDNF, Bcl-2 signaling pathways in ovariectomized mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112764. [PMID: 32535181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the carborane compound BE360, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, has a therapeutic potential against dementia. This study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of BE360 on depression-like behaviors in ovariectomized (OVX) mice subjected to subchronic stress, which are postmenopausal depression models. BE360 was subcutaneously administrated using a mini-osmotic pump, for 2 weeks. Depression-like behaviors were evaluated using the forced swimming test. Neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was measured by analyzing cells expressing doublecortin (DCX) following 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake. The levels of phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Bcl-2 were measured using immunohistochemistry or immunoblotting. Depression-like behaviors in OVX + Stress-exposed mice improved after chronic treatment with BE360. BE360 treatment in OVX + Stress-exposed mice increased p-CREB, BDNF, and Bcl-2 expressions in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of BrdU/DCX double-positive cells in the DG of the hippocampus, which decreased significantly in OVX + Stress-exposed mice, increased after subchronic treatment with BE360. The present study demonstrates that BE360 exerts antidepressant effects via hippocampal neurogenesis, potentially activated through CREB/BDNF, Bcl-2 signaling pathways. These results indicate that BE360 may have therapeutic potential against postmenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Sakuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawasai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Wataru Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takayo Odaira
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Kiminori Ohta
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Tan-No
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Efficacy of Panax ginseng Meyer Herbal Preparation HRG80 in Preventing and Mitigating Stress-Induced Failure of Cognitive Functions in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13040057. [PMID: 32235339 PMCID: PMC7243122 DOI: 10.3390/ph13040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of hydroponically cultivated red Panax ginseng Meyer root preparation (HRG80) and traditionally harvested six-year-old white P. ginseng standard preparation (PGS) with placebo in preventing symptoms of stress. Methods: The effects of HRG80, PGS, and placebo capsules were studied in 50 tired healthy subjects in a three-arm, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Efficacy-outcome measures included the accuracy of processing the d2 test for cognitive functions, obtained accuracy score in a computerized memory test, and the perceived-stress (PS) score. Results: A statistically significant interaction effect between time and treatment (p < 0.0001) was observed in the attention d2 and memory tests, indicating that HRG80 treatment was more beneficial than that with a placebo. The effects of PGS were better than those of the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was significant difference between the effects of HRG80 and PGS (p < 0.0001) that were observed after single (Day 1) and repeated administrations on Days 5 and 12 of treatment. Conclusion: Overall, HRG80 treatment was significantly superior compared to that with the PGS and placebo regarding attention, memory, and PS scores after single and repeated administrations for 5 and 12 days.
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Han SK, Joo MK, Kim JK, Jeung W, Kang H, Kim DH. Bifidobacteria-Fermented Red Ginseng and Its Constituents Ginsenoside Rd and Protopanaxatriol Alleviate Anxiety/Depression in Mice by the Amelioration of Gut Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E901. [PMID: 32224881 PMCID: PMC7230967 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is closely connected with the outbreak of psychiatric disorders with colitis. Bifidobacteria-fermented red ginseng (fRG) increases the absorption of ginsenoside Rd and protopanxatriol into the blood in volunteers and mice. fRG and Rd alleviates 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. Therefore, to understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanism of fRG against anxiety/depression, we examined the effects of red ginseng (RG), fRG, ginsenoside Rd, and protopanaxatriol on the occurrence of anxiety/depression, colitis, and gut dysbiosis in mice. Mice with anxiety/depression were prepared by being exposed to two stressors, immobilization stress (IS) or Escherichia coli (EC). Treatment with RG and fRG significantly mitigated the stress-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors in elevated plus maze, light-dark transition, forced swimming (FST), and tail suspension tasks (TST) and reduced corticosterone levels in the blood. Their treatments also suppressed the stress-induced NF-κB activation and NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population in the hippocampus, while the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population were increased. Furthermore, treatment with RG or fRG suppressed the stress-induced colitis: they suppressed myeloperoxidase activity, NF-κB activation, and NF-κB+/CD11c+ cell population in the colon. In particular, fRG suppressed the EC-induced depression-like behaviors in FST and TST and colitis more strongly than RG. fRG treatment also significantly alleviated the EC-induced NF-κB+/Iba1+ cell population and EC-suppressed BDNF+/NeuN+ cell population in the hippocampus more strongly than RG. RG and fRG alleviated EC-induced gut dysbiosis: they increased Bacteroidetes population and decreased Proteobacteria population. Rd and protopanaxatriol also alleviated EC-induced anxiety/depression and colitis. In conclusion, fRG and its constituents Rd and protopanaxatriol mitigated anxiety/depression and colitis by regulating NF-κB-mediated BDNF expression and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kap Han
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-K.H.); (M.-K.J.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Min-Kyung Joo
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-K.H.); (M.-K.J.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jeon-Kyung Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-K.H.); (M.-K.J.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Woonhee Jeung
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co. Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (W.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Heerim Kang
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co. Ltd., Yongin 17086, Korea; (W.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-K.H.); (M.-K.J.); (J.-K.K.)
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Jin Y, Cui R, Zhao L, Fan J, Li B. Mechanisms of Panax ginseng action as an antidepressant. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12696. [PMID: 31599060 PMCID: PMC6869450 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Panax ginseng, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, plays a crucial role in modulating mood disorders. Several recent studies have identified an underlying role of Panax ginseng in the prevention and treatment of depression. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we summarized the recent progress of antidepressant effects and underlying mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae. RESULTS The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its herbal formulae include modulating monoamine neurotransmitter system, upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors, regulating the function of HPA axis, and anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this review may provide theoretical bases and clinical applications for the treatment of depression by Panax ginseng and its representative herbal formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hao Y, Ge H, Sun M, Gao Y. Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194827. [PMID: 31569393 PMCID: PMC6801385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression has become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and endangers the health of living beings all over the world. In order to explore the molecular mechanism that underlies depression, different kinds of animal models of depression are used in laboratory experiments. However, a credible and reasonable animal model that is capable of imitating the pathologic mechanism of depression in mankind has yet to be found, resulting in a barrier to further investigation of depression. Nevertheless, it is possible to explain the pathologic mechanism of depression to a great extent by a rational modeling method and behavioral testing. This review aims to provide a reference for researchers by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of some common animal depression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Hao
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Huixiang Ge
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Mengyun Sun
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Physiology, The Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Gao ZW, Ju RL, Luo M, Wu SL, Zhang WT. The anxiolytic-like effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on an animal model of PTSD. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:130-137. [PMID: 31103345 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the mental illness. The antidepressant-like properties of ginsenoside Rg2 (GRg2) have been shown, while little is known about its anti-PTSD-like effects. In the present study, the PTSD-associated behavioral deficits in rats were induced following exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS). The results showed that the decreased time and entries in the open arms in elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and increased freezing duration in contextual fear paradigm (CFP) were reversed by GRg2 (10 and 20 mg/kg) without affecting the locomotor activity. In addition, GRg2 (10 and 20 mg/kg) could block the decreased levels of progesterone, allopregnanolone, serotonin (5-HT), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), corticosterone (Cort) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the brain or serum. In summary, GRg2 alleviated the PTSD-associated behavioral deficits with biosynthesis of neurosteroids, normalization of serotonergic system and HPA axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Wei Gao
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, P.R. China; Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China; Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528333,P.R. China
| | - Rong-Le Ju
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, P.R. China
| | - Min Luo
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China.
| | - Shu-Lian Wu
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528308, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Tong Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
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Zhang JJ, Gao TT, Wang Y, Wang JL, Guan W, Wang YJ, Wang CN, Liu JF, Jiang B. Andrographolide Exerts Significant Antidepressant-Like Effects Involving the Hippocampal BDNF System in Mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:585-600. [PMID: 31181145 PMCID: PMC6754737 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is a worldwide neuropsychiatric disorder associated with various symptoms, but current antidepressants used in clinical practice have various side effects and high failure rates. Andrographolide is the main bioactive ingredient of Andrographis paniculata and exhibits numerous pharmacological actions. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in male C57BL/6J mice. METHODS The antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in mice were explored in a forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were further performed to assess the effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress and andrographolide on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling cascade and hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, a pharmacological inhibitor (K252a) and a lentiviral-short hairpin RNA (LV-TrkB-shRNA) were used to clarify the antidepressant-like mechanism of andrographolide. RESULTS Andrographolide exhibited antidepressant-like potential in the forced swim test and tail suspension test without influencing the locomotor activity of mice. Repeated andrographolide treatment not only produced significant antidepressant-like effects in the chronic unpredictable mild stress model but also prevented the decreasing effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling and neurogenesis in mice. Importantly, blockade of the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor system by K252a and TrkB-shRNA fully abolished the antidepressant-like effects of andrographolide in mice. CONCLUSIONS Andrographolide exerts antidepressant-like effects in mice via promoting the hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor signalling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Niu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Jiangsu, China
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Jiang B, Wang H, Wang JL, Wang YJ, Zhu Q, Wang CN, Song L, Gao TT, Wang Y, Meng GL, Wu F, Ling Y, Zhang W, Li JX. Hippocampal Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 Plays a Role in Depression via the CREB-Regulated Transcription Coactivator 1-cAMP Response Element Binding-Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:650-666. [PMID: 30503507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing novel pharmacological targets beyond monoaminergic systems is now a popular strategy for finding new ways to treat depression. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) is a kinase that regulates the nuclear translocation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) by phosphorylation. Here, we hypothesize that dysfunction of the central SIK-CRTC system may contribute to the pathogenesis of depression. METHODS Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) models of depression, various behavioral tests, viral-mediated gene transfer, Western blotting, coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry were used in this study (for in vivo studies, n = 10; for in vitro studies, n = 5). RESULTS Both CSDS and CUMS markedly increased the expression of hippocampal SIK2, which reduced CRTC1 nuclear translocation and binding of CRTC1 and CREB in the hippocampus. Genetic overexpression of hippocampal SIK2 in naïve mice simulated chronic stress, inducing depressive-like behaviors in the forced swim test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and social interaction test, as well as decreasing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In contrast, genetic knockdown and knockout of hippocampal SIK2 protected against CSDS and CUMS, exerting significant antidepressant-like effects that were mediated via the downstream CRTC1-CREB-brain-derived neurotrophic factor pathway. Moreover, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine all significantly restored the effects of CSDS and CUMS on the hippocampal SIK2-CRTC1 pathway, which was necessary for their antidepressant actions. CONCLUSIONS The hippocampal SIK2-CRTC1 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and hippocampal SIK2 could be a novel target for the development of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Niu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Liang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Antoniuk S, Bijata M, Ponimaskin E, Wlodarczyk J. Chronic unpredictable mild stress for modeling depression in rodents: Meta-analysis of model reliability. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:101-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee W, Ku SK, Kim JE, Cho SH, Song GY, Bae JS. Inhibitory effects of protopanaxatriol type ginsenoside fraction (Rgx365) on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:338-350. [PMID: 30917762 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1596183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with elevated pulmonary injury attributed to the loss of vascular barrier integrity. Black ginseng (BG), steamed 9 times and dried ginseng, and its major protopanaxatriol type ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg4, Rg6, Rh4, Rh1, and Rg2) exhibited various biological activities including anti-septic, anti-diabetic, wound healing, immune-stimulatory, and anti-antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of Rgx365 (a protopanaxatriol type rare ginsenosides fraction) on PM-induced lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and pulmonary inflammation. Permeability, leukocyte migration, activation of proinflammatory proteins, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and histology were examined in PM2.5-treated EC and mice. Rgx365 significantly scavenged PM2.5-induced ROS, inhibited ROS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activated Akt in purified pulmonary EC, which helped maintain endothelial integrity. Further, Rgx365 reduced vascular protein leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in PM-induced mouse lung tissues. Data suggested that Rgx365 might exhibit protective effects in PM-induced inflammatory lung injury and vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- a Aging Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Deajeon , Republic of Korea
- b College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- c Department of Histology and Anatomy , College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University , Gyeongsan-si , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- d College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejon , Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Cho
- d College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejon , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Yong Song
- d College of Pharmacy , Chungnam National University , Daejon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- b College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team , Kyungpook National University , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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Zhu JX, Shan JL, Hu WQ, Zeng JX, Shu JC. Gallic acid activates hippocampal BDNF-Akt-mTOR signaling in chronic mild stress. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:93-101. [PMID: 30280285 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound. Previous study has shown that gallic acid possessed significant antidepressant-like activity in mice, which was partly mediated by increasing serotonin and catecholamine levels. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of gallic acid on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling activation. Mice were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS) and orally administrated with gallic acid for four weeks. The behavioral results showed that gallic acid not only reversed the decreased sucrose preference, but also attenuated the increased immobility time. In addition, gallic acid promoted both the BDNF and p-TrkB levels in the hippocampus induced by CMS. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that the inactivated Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, as well as its downstream effectors induced by CMS was activated again by gallic acid. Last, immunofluorescence detection indicated that gallic acid reversed the newborn neurons inhibition in the dentate gyrus by CMS. In conclusion, these results show that the activation of the hippocampal BDNF-Akt-mTOR signaling is involved in the antidepressant-like effects of gallic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ling Shan
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiong Hu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Zeng
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Cheng Shu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China.
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Pan W, Xue B, Yang C, Miao L, Zhou L, Chen Q, Cai Q, Liu Y, Liu D, He H, Zhang Y, Yin T, Tang X. Biopharmaceutical characters and bioavailability improving strategies of ginsenosides. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:272-282. [PMID: 29883635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deglycosylation is the most important gastrointestinal metabolism in which ginsenosides are split off from glycosyl moieties by the enzymes secreted from intestinal microflora, and two possible metabolic pathways of protopanaxdiol-type ginsenosides (PPD-type ginsenosides) and protopanaxtriol-type ginsenosides (PPT-type ginsenosides) have been concluded. The former is deglycosylated at C-3 and/or C-20, and transformed to protopanaxdiol (PPD). By comparison, the latter is deglycosylated at C-6 and/or C-20, and eventually transformed to protopanaxtriol (PPT) instead. The pharmacokinetic behavior of PPD-type ginsenosides and PPT-type ginsenosides is different, mainly in a faster absorption and elimination rate of PPT-type ginsenosides, but almost all of ginsenosides have a low oral bioavailability, which is relevant to the properties, the stability in the gastrointestinal tract, membrane permeability and the intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect of ginsenosides. Fortunately, its bioavailability can be improved by means of pharmaceutical strategies, including nanoparticles, liposomes, emulsions, micelles, etc. These drug delivery systems can significantly increase the bioavailability of ginsenosides, as well as controlling or targeting drug release. Ginsenosides are widely used in the treatment of various diseases, the most famous one is the Shen Yi capsule, which is the world's first clinical application of tumor neovascularization inhibitors. Hence, this article aims to draw people's attention on ocotillol-type ginsenosides, which have prominent anti-Alzheimer's disease activity, but have been overlooked previously, such as its representative compound-Pseudoginsenoside F11(PF11), and then provide a reference for the druggability and further developments of ocotillol-type ginsenosides by utilizing the homogeneous structure between dammarane-type ginsenosides and ocotillol-type ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Pan
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Binli Xue
- Shaanxi Blood Center, Zhuque Street 407, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chulei Yang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Linlin Miao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Qing Cai
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Dongchun Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Sedaghat K, Yousefian Z, Vafaei AA, Rashidy-Pour A, Parsaei H, Khaleghian A, Choobdar S. Mesolimbic dopamine system and its modulation by vitamin D in a chronic mild stress model of depression in the rat. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:156-169. [PMID: 30144460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression, a common mood disorder, involves anhedonia and defects in reward circuits and mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Active vitamin-D, (1,25-(OH)2 vitamin-D3), exerts protective and regulatory effects on the brain dopamine system. In this study, key depression-like symptoms were induced in rats by chronic mild-stress (CMS) and the comparative effect of treatment with 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin-D3 (5, 10 μg/kg, or vehicle; i.p., twice weekly) or fluoxetine (5 mg/kg or vehicle, i.p., daily) on anhedonic behavior, locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior was examined using sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and novel object exploration test (NOT), respectively. We also measured serum corticosterone levels and dopamine transporter-immunoreactivity (DAT-ir) levels in NAc shell and core. CMS exposure for 3 weeks was followed by a SPT and thereafter CMS was continued for 5 weeks, along with vitamin-D or fluoxetine treatment and further testing, which was concluded with another SPT. Vitamin-D treatment enhanced sucrose preference (P < 0.01; an hedonic effect) and increased object exploration (P < 0.01) in CMS rats. CMS significantly reduced the level of DAT-ir in NAc (P < 0.0001). Vitamin-D treatment restored/increased DAT-ir levels (P < 0.0001) in CMS rat NAc (core/ shell), compared to levels in fluoxetine treated and non-treated CMS rats. Vitamin-D did not alter locomotor activity or produce an anxiolytic effect in the OFT. These data suggest that similar to the antidepressant, fluoxetine, regular vitamin-D treatment can improve 'anhedonia-like symptoms' in rats subjected to CMS, probably by regulating the effect of dopamine-related actions in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Sedaghat
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Yousefian
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Houman Parsaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sara Choobdar
- Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Li X, Zhang Y, Hong Z, Gong S, Liu W, Zhou X, Sun Y, Qian J, Qu H. Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanisms of Three Bioactive Ingredients of Fufang E'jiao Jiang During Chemotherapy-Induced Myelosuppression in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:616. [PMID: 29950993 PMCID: PMC6008481 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple bioactive components have been identified in Fufang E’jiao Jiang (FEJ), their hematopoietic effects and molecular mode of action in vivo are still not fully understood. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of martynoside, R-notoginsenoside R2 (R2), and 20S-ginsenoside Rg2 (Rg2) in a 5-fluorouracil-induced myelosuppression mouse model. Bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) counts, hematopoietic progenitor cell colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, as well as flow cytometry analysis of Lin-/c-kit+/Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) population were conducted, and bone marrow cells were subjected to RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data were processed based on the differentially expressed genes. The results of the analysis show that each of the three compounds stimulates BMNCs and HSC growth, as well as burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit granulocyte-monocyte colony expansion. The most relevant transcriptional changes appeared to be involved in regulation of hematopoietic cell lineage, NF-κB and TNF-α signaling, inhibition of inflammation, and acceleration of hematopoietic cell recovery. Notably, the individual compounds shared similar but specified transcriptome profiles. Taken together, the hematopoietic effects for the three tested compounds of FEJ are confirmed in this myelosuppression mouse model. The transcriptome maps of these effects provide valuable information concerning their underlying mechanisms and provide a framework for the continued study of the complex mode of action of FEJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Zhuping Hong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yangen Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang JM, Pei LX, Zhang YY, Cheng YX, Niu CL, Cui Y, Feng WS, Wang GF. Ethanol extract of Rehmannia glutinosa exerts antidepressant-like effects on a rat chronic unpredictable mild stress model by involving monoamines and BDNF. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:885-892. [PMID: 29468477 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Scrophulariaceae) are of both medicinal and nutritional importance. Our previous study has found that the 80% ethanol extract of R. glutinosa (RGEE) produced antidepressant-like activities in mouse behavioral despair depression models. However, its mechanisms are still unclear. The present study aimed to observe the antidepressant-like mechanisms of RGEE on a rat chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model by involving monoaminergic neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CUMS-stressed rats were orally given RGEE daily (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH) for 3 weeks after starting the CUMS procedure. Sucrose preference test was carried out to observe depression-like behavior, and serum and brain tissues were used for neurochemical and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Results demonstrated that CUMS induced depression-like behavior, whereas RGEE and FH administration inhibited this symptom. Furthermore, CUMS caused excessively elevated levels of serum corticosterone (CORT), an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, in a manner attenuated by RGEE and FH administration. RGEE administration also further elevated monoamine neurotransmitters and BDNF levels, up-regulated the mRNA expression of BDNF and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) in hippocampus of rats suffering CUMS. Together, our findings suggest that RGEE can improve CUMS-evoked depression-like behavior, and indicate its mechanisms may partially be associated with restoring HPA axis dysfunctions, enhancing monoamineergic nervous systems, and up-regulating BDNF and TrkB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Li-Xin Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yue-Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chun-Ling Niu
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ying Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Gui-Fang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, East Jinshui Road & Boxue road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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6-Gingerol Ameliorates Behavioral Changes and Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE−/− Mice Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 18:420-430. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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