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Hill RA, Nishiyama A, Hughes EG. Features, Fates, and Functions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041425. [PMID: 38052500 PMCID: PMC10910408 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a central nervous system resident population of glia with a distinct molecular identity and an ever-increasing list of functions. OPCs generate oligodendrocytes throughout development and across the life span in most regions of the brain and spinal cord. This process involves a complex coordination of molecular checkpoints and biophysical cues from the environment that initiate the differentiation and integration of new oligodendrocytes that synthesize myelin sheaths on axons. Outside of their progenitor role, OPCs have been proposed to play other functions including the modulation of axonal and synaptic development and the participation in bidirectional signaling with neurons and other glia. Here, we review OPC identity and known functions and discuss recent findings implying other roles for these glial cells in brain physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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2
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Lyman KA, Han Y, Robinson AP, Weinberg SE, Fisher DW, Heuermann RJ, Lyman RE, Kim DK, Ludwig A, Chandel NS, Does MD, Miller SD, Chetkovich DM. Characterization of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in oligodendrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1321682. [PMID: 38469353 PMCID: PMC10925711 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1321682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature oligodendrocytes (OLG) are the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system. Recent work has shown a dynamic role for these cells in the plasticity of neural circuits, leading to a renewed interest in voltage-sensitive currents in OLG. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and their respective current (Ih) were recently identified in mature OLG and shown to play a role in regulating myelin length. Here we provide a biochemical and electrophysiological characterization of HCN channels in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage. We observed that mice with a nonsense mutation in the Hcn2 gene (Hcn2ap/ap) have less white matter than their wild type counterparts with fewer OLG and fewer oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Hcn2ap/ap mice have severe motor impairments, although these deficits were not observed in mice with HCN2 conditionally eliminated only in oligodendrocytes (Cnpcre/+; Hcn2F/F). However, Cnpcre/+; Hcn2F/F mice develop motor impairments more rapidly in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We conclude that HCN2 channels in OLG may play a role in regulating metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A. Lyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Han
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andrew P. Robinson
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samuel E. Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel W. Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert J. Heuermann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Reagan E. Lyman
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Dublin, OH, United States
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institut fur Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mark D. Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dane M. Chetkovich
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Chatterjee J, Koleske JP, Chao A, Sauerbeck AD, Chen JK, Qi X, Ouyang M, Boggs LG, Idate R, Marco Y Marquez LI, Kummer TT, Gutmann DH. Brain injury drives optic glioma formation through neuron-glia signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:21. [PMID: 38308315 PMCID: PMC10837936 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury and tumorigenesis share many cellular and molecular features, including immune cell (T cells, monocytes) infiltration and inflammatory factor (cytokines, chemokines) elaboration. Their common pathobiology raises the intriguing possibility that brain injury could create a tissue microenvironment permissive for tumor formation. Leveraging several murine models of the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome and two experimental methods of brain injury, we demonstrate that both optic nerve crush and diffuse traumatic brain injury induce optic glioma (OPG) formation in mice harboring Nf1-deficient preneoplastic progenitors. We further elucidate the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms, whereby glutamate released from damaged neurons stimulates IL-1β release by oligodendrocytes to induce microglia expression of Ccl5, a growth factor critical for Nf1-OPG formation. Interruption of this cellular circuit using glutamate receptor, IL-1β or Ccl5 inhibitors abrogates injury-induced glioma progression, thus establishing a causative relationship between injury and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jit Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joshua P Koleske
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Astoria Chao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew D Sauerbeck
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuanhe Qi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Megan Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lucy G Boggs
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rujuta Idate
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lara Isabel Marco Y Marquez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Terrence T Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Adermark L, Stomberg R, Söderpalm B, Ericson M. Astrocytic Regulation of Endocannabinoid-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Dorsolateral Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:581. [PMID: 38203752 PMCID: PMC10779090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are pivotal for synaptic transmission and may also play a role in the induction and expression of synaptic plasticity, including endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD). In the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), eCB signaling plays a major role in balancing excitation and inhibition and promoting habitual learning. The aim of this study was to outline the role of astrocytes in regulating eCB signaling in the DLS. To this end, we employed electrophysiological slice recordings combined with metabolic, chemogenetic and pharmacological approaches in an attempt to selectively suppress astrocyte function. High-frequency stimulation induced eCB-mediated LTD (HFS-LTD) in brain slices from both male and female rats. The metabolic uncoupler fluorocitrate (FC) reduced the probability of transmitter release and depressed synaptic output in a manner that was independent on cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) activation. Fluorocitrate did not affect the LTD induced by the CB1R agonist WIN55,212-2, but enhanced CB1R-dependent HFS-LTD. Reduced neurotransmission and facilitated HFS-LTD were also observed during chemogenetic manipulation using Gi-coupled DREADDs targeting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells, during the pharmacological inhibition of connexins using carbenoxolone disodium, or during astrocytic glutamate uptake using TFB-TBOA. While pretreatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) failed to prevent synaptic depression induced by FC, it blocked the facilitation of HFS-LTD. While the lack of tools to disentangle astrocytes from neurons is a major limitation of this study, our data collectively support a role for astrocytes in modulating basal neurotransmission and eCB-mediated synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Adermark
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosita Stomberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (R.S.); (B.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (R.S.); (B.S.); (M.E.)
- Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden; (R.S.); (B.S.); (M.E.)
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Brousse B, Mercier O, Magalon K, Gubellini P, Malapert P, Cayre M, Durbec P. Characterization of a new mouse line triggering transient oligodendrocyte progenitor depletion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21959. [PMID: 38081969 PMCID: PMC10713661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) are the main proliferative cells in the healthy adult brain. They produce new myelinating oligodendrocytes to ensure physiological myelin remodeling and regeneration after various pathological insults. Growing evidence suggests that OPC have other functions. Here, we aimed to develop an experimental model that allows the specific ablation of OPC at the adult stage to unravel possible new functions. We generated a transgenic mouse expressing a floxed human diphtheria toxin receptor under the control of the PDGFRa promoter, crossed with an Olig2Cre mouse to limit the recombination to the oligodendrocyte lineage in the central nervous system. We determined a diphtheria toxin dose to substantially decrease OPC density in the cortex and the corpus callosum without triggering side toxicity after a few daily injections. OPC density was normalized 7 days post-treatment, showing high repopulation capacity from few surviving OPC. We took advantage of this strong but transient depletion to show that OPC loss was associated with behavioral impairment, which was restored by OPC recovery, as well as disruption of the excitation/inhibition balance in the sensorimotor cortex, reinforcing the hypothesis of a neuromodulatory role of OPC in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brousse
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - O Mercier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - K Magalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - P Gubellini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC UMR7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - P Malapert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - M Cayre
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC UMR7291, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - P Durbec
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM UMR7288, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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Wu Z, Li G, Wang S, Zhang N, Li X, Zhang F, Niu J, Wang N, Zu J, Wang Y. Single-cell analysis of spinal cord injury reveals functional heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Gene 2023; 886:147713. [PMID: 37579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic condition that causes myelin destruction and neuronal death, making it challenging to reverse. In spinal cord tissue, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are essential for maintaining myelin morphology and axon regeneration. The decrease in oligodendrocyte lineage cells after SCI is a major factor contributing to the difficulty in restoring spinal cord function. However, there is still a lack of research on the status and intercellular communication between oligodendrocyte lineage cells after injury. The development of single-cell sequencing technology has enabled researchers to obtain highly accurate cellular transcriptional information, facilitating detailed studies of cellular subpopulations. This study delved into the cellular heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineage cells using a single-cell transcriptomic approach to uncover functional changes and cellular interactions during different time points after SCI. Our findings highlighted the critical roles of Psap (Prosaposin)/Gpr37l1 and Psap/Gpr37 ligand-receptor pairs among oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Furthermore, we predicted the transcription factors that may play a key regulatory role. We demonstrated for the first time that Junb acts almost exclusively in mature oligodendrocytes, which provides a potential target for the study of oligodendrocyte transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guanglei Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiang An Hospital of Xiamen University, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fawang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawen Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianing Zu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yufu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Benarroch E. What Are the Roles of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in Normal and Pathologic Conditions? Neurology 2023; 101:958-965. [PMID: 37985182 PMCID: PMC10663025 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000208000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
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Gutierrez BA, González-Coronel JM, Arellano RO, Limon A. Transcriptional and bioinformatic analysis of GABA A receptors expressed in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the human brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1279232. [PMID: 37953877 PMCID: PMC10637375 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are vital for neuronal myelination and remyelination in the central nervous system. While the molecular mechanisms involved in OPCs' differentiation and maturation are not completely understood, GABA is known to positively influence these processes through the activation of GABAA receptors (GABAARs). The molecular identity of GABAARs expressed in human OPCs remains unknown, which restricts their specific pharmacological modulation to directly assess their role in oligodendrocytes' maturation and remyelination. Methods In this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis to investigate the molecular stoichiometry of GABAARs in OPCs from the human brain. Using eight available transcriptomic datasets from the human brain cortex of control individuals, we analyzed the mRNA expression of all 19 known GABAARs subunit genes in OPCs, with variations observed across different ages. Results Our analysis indicated that the most expressed subunits in OPCs are α1-3, β1-3, γ1-3, and ε. Moreover, we determined that the combination of any α with β2 and γ2 is likely to form heteropentameric GABAARs in OPCs. Importantly, we also found a strong correlation between GABAAR subunits and transcripts for postsynaptic scaffold proteins, suggesting the potential postsynaptic clustering of GABAARs in OPCs. Discussion This study presents the first transcriptional-level identification of GABAAR subunits expressed in human OPCs, providing potential receptor combinations. Understanding the molecular composition of GABAARs in OPCs not only enhances our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms in oligodendrocyte maturation but also opens avenues for targeted pharmacological interventions aimed at modulating these receptors to promote remyelination in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice A. Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - José Manuel González-Coronel
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Rogelio O. Arellano
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Agenor Limon
- Department of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Xiao Y, Czopka T. Myelination-independent functions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in health and disease. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1663-1669. [PMID: 37653126 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a population of tissue-resident glial cells found throughout the CNS, constituting approximately 5% of all CNS cells and persisting from development to adulthood and aging. The canonical role of OPCs is to give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes. However, additional functions of OPCs beyond this traditional role as precursors have been suggested for a long time. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the multiple myelination-independent functions that have been described for OPCs in the context of neuron development, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, axon regeneration and their recently discovered roles in neural circuit remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Moura D, Parvathaneni A, Sahagun A, Noguchi H, Garcia J, Brennan E, Brock R, Tilton I, Halladay L, Pleasure S, Cocas L. Neuronal Activity Changes the Number of Neurons That Are Synaptically Connected to OPCs. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0126-23.2023. [PMID: 37813563 PMCID: PMC10598642 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0126-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and specificity of oligodendrocyte myelination during development, as well as remyelination after injury or immune attack, remain poorly understood. Recent work has shown that oligodendrocyte progenitors receive synapses from neurons, providing a potential mechanism for neuronal-glial communication. In this study, we investigated the importance of these neuroglial connections in myelination during development and during neuronal plasticity in the mouse hippocampus. We used chemogenetic tools and viral monosynaptic circuit tracing to analyze these connections and to examine oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferation, myelination, synapse formation, and neuronal-glial connectivity in vivo after increasing or decreasing neuronal activity levels. We found that increasing neuronal activity led to greater OPC activation and proliferation. Modulation of neuronal activity also altered the organization of neuronal-glial connections: while it did not impact the total number of RabV-labeled neuronal inputs, or the number of RabV-labeled inhibitory neuronal (IN) inputs, it did alter the number of RabV-labeled excitatory neuron to OPC connections. Overall, our findings support the idea that neuronal activity plays a crucial role in regulating OPC proliferation and activation as well as the types of neuronal inputs to OPCs, indicating that neuronal activity is important for OPC circuit composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Moura
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
- Neurology Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Alekhya Parvathaneni
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Atehsa Sahagun
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Neurology Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Jesse Garcia
- Neurology Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Emma Brennan
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Robert Brock
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Iris Tilton
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Lindsay Halladay
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
| | - Samuel Pleasure
- Neurology Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Laura Cocas
- Biology Department, Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
- Neurology Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
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Patt L, Tascio D, Domingos C, Timmermann A, Jabs R, Henneberger C, Steinhäuser C, Seifert G. Impact of Developmental Changes of GABA A Receptors on Interneuron-NG2 Glia Transmission in the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13490. [PMID: 37686294 PMCID: PMC10488269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2 glia receive synaptic input from neurons, but the functional impact of this glial innervation is not well understood. In the developing cerebellum and somatosensory cortex the GABAergic input might regulate NG2 glia differentiation and myelination, and a switch from synaptic to extrasynaptic neuron-glia signaling was reported in the latter region. Myelination in the hippocampus is sparse, and most NG2 glia retain their phenotype throughout adulthood, raising the question of the properties and function of neuron-NG2 glia synapses in that brain region. Here, we compared spontaneous and evoked GABAA receptor-mediated currents of NG2 glia in juvenile and adult hippocampi of mice of either sex and assessed the mode of interneuron-glial signaling changes during development. With patch-clamp and pharmacological analyses, we found a decrease in innervation of hippocampal NG2 glia between postnatal days 10 and 60. At the adult stage, enhanced activation of extrasynaptic receptors occurred, indicating a spillover of GABA. This switch from synaptic to extrasynaptic receptor activation was accompanied by downregulation of γ2 and upregulation of the α5 subunit. Molecular analyses and high-resolution expansion microscopy revealed mechanisms of glial GABAA receptor trafficking and clustering. We found that gephyrin and radixin are organized in separate clusters along glial processes. Surprisingly, the developmental loss of γ2 and postsynaptic receptors were not accompanied by altered glial expression of scaffolding proteins, auxiliary receptor subunits or postsynaptic interaction proteins. The GABAergic input to NG2 glia might contribute to the release of neurotrophic factors from these cells and influence neuronal synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Patt
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Dario Tascio
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Catia Domingos
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Aline Timmermann
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (L.P.); (D.T.); (C.D.); (A.T.); (R.J.); (C.H.)
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12
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Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
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13
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Hu X, Geng P, Zhao X, Wang Q, Liu C, Guo C, Dong W, Jin X. The NG2-glia is a potential target to maintain the integrity of neurovascular unit after acute ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106076. [PMID: 36921779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a critical role in health and disease. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of a class of neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-expressing glial cells (NG2-glia) in regulating NVU after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We first introduce the role of NG2-glia in the formation of NVU during development as well as aging-induced damage to NVU and accompanying NG2-glia change. We then discuss the reciprocal interactions between NG2-glia and the other component cells of NVU, emphasizing the factors that could influence NG2-glia. Damage to the NVU integrity is the pathological basis of edema and hemorrhagic transformation, the most dreaded complication after AIS. The role of NG2-glia in AIS-induced NVU damage and the effect of NG2-glia transplantation on AIS-induced NVU damage are summarized. We next discuss the role of NG2-glia and the effect of NG2-glia transplantation in oligodendrogenesis and white matter repair as well as angiogenesis which is associated with the outcome of the patients after AIS. Finally, we review the current strategies to promote NG2-glia proliferation and differentiation and propose to use the dental pulp stem cells (DPSC)-derived exosome as a promising strategy to reduce AIS-induced injury and promote repair through maintaining the integrity of NVU by regulating endogenous NG2-glia proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Panpan Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Guo
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK
| | - Wen Dong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
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14
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Timmermann A, Tascio D, Jabs R, Boehlen A, Domingos C, Skubal M, Huang W, Kirchhoff F, Henneberger C, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Seifert G, Steinhäuser C. Dysfunction of NG2 glial cells affects neuronal plasticity and behavior. Glia 2023; 71:1481-1501. [PMID: 36802096 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
NG2 glia represents a distinct type of macroglial cells in the CNS and is unique among glia because they receive synaptic input from neurons. They are abundantly present in white and gray matter. While the majority of white matter NG2 glia differentiates into oligodendrocytes, the physiological impact of gray matter NG2 glia and their synaptic input are still ill defined. Here, we asked whether dysfunctional NG2 glia affect neuronal signaling and behavior. We generated mice with inducible deletion of the K+ channel Kir4.1 in NG2 glia and performed comparative electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, molecular and behavioral analyses. Kir4.1 was deleted at postnatal day 23-26 (recombination efficiency about 75%) and mice were investigated 3-8 weeks later. Notably, these mice with dysfunctional NG2 glia demonstrated improved spatial memory as revealed by testing new object location recognition while working and social memory remained unaffected. Focussing on the hippocampus, we found that loss of Kir4.1 potentiated synaptic depolarizations of NG2 glia and stimulated the expression of myelin basic protein while proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal NG2 glia remained largely unaffected. Mice with targeted deletion of the K+ channel in NG2 glia showed impaired long-term potentiation at CA3-CA1 synapses, which could be fully rescued by extracellular application of a TrkB receptor agonist. Our data demonstrate that proper NG2 glia function is important for normal brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Timmermann
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dario Tascio
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Boehlen
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catia Domingos
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Henneberger
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerald Seifert
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Alternative neural systems: What is a neuron? (Ctenophores, sponges and placozoans). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1071961. [PMID: 36619868 PMCID: PMC9816575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design' for a neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief answer is "No." Four early divergent lineages from the nerveless common ancestor of all animals independently evolved distinct neuroid-type integrative systems. One of these is a subset of neural nets in comb jellies with unique synapses; the second lineage is the well-known Cnidaria + Bilateria; the two others are non-synaptic neuroid systems in sponges and placozoans. By integrating scRNA-seq and microscopy data, we revise the definition of neurons as synaptically-coupled polarized and highly heterogenous secretory cells at the top of behavioral hierarchies with learning capabilities. This physiological (not phylogenetic) definition separates 'true' neurons from non-synaptically and gap junction-coupled integrative systems executing more stereotyped behaviors. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis of multiple origins of neurons and synapses. Thus, many non-bilaterian and bilaterian neuronal classes, circuits or systems are considered functional rather than genetic categories, composed of non-homologous cell types. In summary, little-explored examples of convergent neuronal evolution in representatives of early branching metazoans provide conceptually novel microanatomical and physiological architectures of behavioral controls in animals with prospects of neuro-engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Moroz
- Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Leonid L. Moroz, ; Daria Y. Romanova,
| | - Daria Y. Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, 5A Butlerova, Moscow, Russia,*Correspondence: Leonid L. Moroz, ; Daria Y. Romanova,
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16
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Trends in Gliosis in Obesity, and the Role of Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Alternative. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101972. [PMID: 36290695 PMCID: PMC9598641 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity remains a global health problem. Chronic low-grade inflammation in this pathology has been related to comorbidities such as cognitive alterations that, in the long term, can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation or gliosis in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been related to the effect of adipokines, high lipid levels and glucose, which increase the production of free radicals. Cerebral gliosis can be a risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases, and antioxidants could be an alternative for the prevention and treatment of neural comorbidities in obese patients. AIM Identify the immunological and oxidative stress mechanisms that produce gliosis in patients with obesity and propose antioxidants as an alternative to reducing neuroinflammation. METHOD Advanced searches were performed in scientific databases: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO, and the Science Citation index for research on the physiopathology of gliosis in obese patients and for the possible role of antioxidants in its management. CONCLUSION Patients with obesity can develop neuroinflammation, conditioned by various adipokines, excess lipids and glucose, which results in an increase in free radicals that must be neutralized with antioxidants to reduce gliosis and the risk of long-term neurodegeneration.
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17
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Adermark L, Lagström O, Loftén A, Licheri V, Havenäng A, Loi EA, Stomberg R, Söderpalm B, Domi A, Ericson M. Astrocytes modulate extracellular neurotransmitter levels and excitatory neurotransmission in dorsolateral striatum via dopamine D2 receptor signaling. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1493-1502. [PMID: 34811469 PMCID: PMC9206030 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes provide structural and metabolic support of neuronal tissue, but may also be involved in shaping synaptic output. To further define the role of striatal astrocytes in modulating neurotransmission we performed in vivo microdialysis and ex vivo slice electrophysiology combined with metabolic, chemogenetic, and pharmacological approaches. Microdialysis recordings revealed that intrastriatal perfusion of the metabolic uncoupler fluorocitrate (FC) produced a robust increase in extracellular glutamate levels, with a parallel and progressive decline in glutamine. In addition, FC significantly increased the microdialysate concentrations of dopamine and taurine, but did not modulate the extracellular levels of glycine or serine. Despite the increase in glutamate levels, ex vivo electrophysiology demonstrated a reduced excitability of striatal neurons in response to FC. The decrease in evoked potentials was accompanied by an increased paired pulse ratio, and a reduced frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, suggesting that FC depresses striatal output by reducing the probability of transmitter release. The effect by FC was mimicked by chemogenetic inhibition of astrocytes using Gi-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) targeting GFAP, and by the glial glutamate transporter inhibitor TFB-TBOA. Both FC- and TFB-TBOA-mediated synaptic depression were inhibited in brain slices pre-treated with the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, but insensitive to agents acting on presynaptic glutamatergic autoreceptors, NMDA receptors, gap junction coupling, cannabinoid 1 receptors, µ-opioid receptors, P2 receptors or GABAA receptors. In conclusion, our data collectively support a role for astrocytes in modulating striatal neurotransmission and suggest that reduced transmission after astrocytic inhibition involves dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Oona Lagström
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Loftén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XBeroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Valentina Licheri
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amy Havenäng
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleonora Anna Loi
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosita Stomberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XBeroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ana Domi
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Teng Z, Gottmann K. Hemisynapse Formation Between Target Astrocytes and Cortical Neuron Axons in vitro. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:829506. [PMID: 35386271 PMCID: PMC8978633 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.829506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most fundamental organizing principles in the mammalian brain is that neurons do not establish synapses with the other major cell type, the astrocytes. However, induced synapse formation between neurons and astrocytes appears conceivable, because astrocytes are well known to express functional ionotropic glutamate receptors. Here, we attempted to trigger synapse formation between co-cultured neurons and astrocytes by overexpressing the strongly synaptogenic adhesion protein LRRTM2 in astrocytes physically contacted by cortical axons. Interestingly, control experiments with immature cortical astrocytes without any overexpression resulted in the induction of synaptic vesicle clustering in contacting axons (hemisynapse formation). This synaptogenic activity correlated with the endogenous expression of the synaptogenic protein Neuroligin1. Hemisynapse formation was further enhanced upon overexpression of LRRTM2 in cortical astrocytes. In contrast, cerebellar astrocytes required overexpression of LRRTM2 for induction of synaptic vesicle clustering in contacting axons. We further addressed, whether hemisynapse formation was accompanied by the appearance of fully functional glutamatergic synapses. We therefore attempted to record AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in innervated astrocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Despite the endogenous expression of the AMPA receptor subunits GluA2 and to a lesser extent GluA1, we did not reliably observe spontaneous AMPA mEPSCs. In conclusion, overexpression of the synaptogenic protein LRRTM2 induced hemisynapse formation between co-cultured neurons and astrocytes. However, the formation of fully functional synapses appeared to require additional factors critical for nano-alignment of presynaptic vesicles and postsynaptic receptors.
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19
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Moura DMS, Brennan EJ, Brock R, Cocas LA. Neuron to Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Synapses: Protagonists in Oligodendrocyte Development and Myelination, and Targets for Therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:779125. [PMID: 35115904 PMCID: PMC8804499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.779125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neuronal circuitry required for cognition, complex motor behaviors, and sensory integration requires myelination. The role of glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia in shaping synapses and circuits have been covered in other reviews in this journal and elsewhere. This review summarizes the role of another glial cell type, oligodendrocytes, in shaping synapse formation, neuronal circuit development, and myelination in both normal development and in demyelinating disease. Oligodendrocytes ensheath and insulate neuronal axons with myelin, and this facilitates fast conduction of electrical nerve impulses via saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocytes also proliferate during postnatal development, and defects in their maturation have been linked to abnormal myelination. Myelination also regulates the timing of activity in neural circuits and is important for maintaining the health of axons and providing nutritional support. Recent studies have shown that dysfunction in oligodendrocyte development and in myelination can contribute to defects in neuronal synapse formation and circuit development. We discuss glutamatergic and GABAergic receptors and voltage gated ion channel expression and function in oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We explain the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission on oligodendrocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination. We then focus on how our understanding of the synaptic connectivity between neurons and OPCs can inform future therapeutics in demyelinating disease, and discuss gaps in the literature that would inform new therapies for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M. S. Moura
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Emma J. Brennan
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Robert Brock
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - Laura A. Cocas
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Di Castro MA, Volterra A. Astrocyte control of the entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit: Relevance to cognitive processing and impairment in pathology. Glia 2021; 70:1536-1553. [PMID: 34904753 PMCID: PMC9299993 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus circuit is centrally involved in memory processing conveying to the hippocampus spatial and nonspatial context information via, respectively, medial and lateral perforant path (MPP and LPP) excitatory projections onto dentate granule cells (GCs). Here, we review work of several years from our group showing that astrocytes sense local synaptic transmission and exert in turn a presynaptic control at PP-GC synapses. Modulation of neurotransmitter release probability by astrocytes sets basal synaptic strength and dynamic range for long-term potentiation of PP-GC synapses. Intriguingly, this astrocyte control is circuit-specific, being present only at MPP-GC (not LPP-GC) synapses, which selectively express atypical presynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) suitable to activation by astrocyte-released glutamate. Moreover, the astrocytic control is peculiarly dependent on the cytokine TNFα, which at constitutive levels acts as a gating factor for the astrocyte signaling. During inflammation/infection processes, increased levels of TNFα lead to uncontrolled astrocyte glutamate release, altered PP-GC circuit processing and, ultimately, impaired contextual memory performance. The TNFα-dependent pathological switch of the synaptic control from astrocytes and its deleterious consequences are observed in animal models of HIV brain infection and multiple sclerosis, conditions both known to cause cognitive disturbances in up to 50% of patients. The review also discusses open issues related to the identified astrocytic pathway: its role in contextual memory processing, potential damaging role in Alzheimer's disease, the existence of vesicular glutamate release from DG astrocytes, and the possible synaptic-like connectivity between astrocytic output sites and PP receptive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amalia Di Castro
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Fairless R, Bading H, Diem R. Pathophysiological Ionotropic Glutamate Signalling in Neuroinflammatory Disease as a Therapeutic Target. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:741280. [PMID: 34744612 PMCID: PMC8567076 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.741280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate signalling is an essential aspect of neuronal communication involving many different glutamate receptors, and underlies the processes of memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. Despite neuroinflammatory diseases covering a range of maladies with very different biological causes and pathophysiologies, a central role for dysfunctional glutamate signalling is becoming apparent. This is not just restricted to the well-described role of glutamate in mediating neurodegeneration, but also includes a myriad of other influences that glutamate can exert on the vasculature, as well as immune cell and glial regulation, reflecting the ability of neurons to communicate with these compartments in order to couple their activity with neuronal requirements. Here, we discuss the role of pathophysiological glutamate signalling in neuroinflammatory disease, using both multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease as examples, and how current steps are being made to harness our growing understanding of these processes in the development of neuroprotective strategies. This review focuses in particular on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisooxazol-4-yl) propionate (AMPA) type ionotropic glutamate receptors, although metabotropic, G-protein-coupled glutamate receptors may also contribute to neuroinflammatory processes. Given the indispensable roles of glutamate-gated ion channels in synaptic communication, means of pharmacologically distinguishing between physiological and pathophysiological actions of glutamate will be discussed that allow deleterious signalling to be inhibited whilst minimising the disturbance of essential neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fairless
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Zhao N, Huang W, Cãtãlin B, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F. L-Type Ca 2+ Channels of NG2 Glia Determine Proliferation and NMDA Receptor-Dependent Plasticity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:759477. [PMID: 34746151 PMCID: PMC8567174 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NG2 (nerve/glial antigen 2) glia are uniformly distributed in the gray and white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the major proliferating cells in the brain and can differentiate into oligodendrocytes. NG2 glia do not only receive synaptic input from excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but also secrete growth factors and cytokines, modulating CNS homeostasis. They express several receptors and ion channels that play a role in rapidly responding upon synaptic signals and generating fast feedback, potentially regulating their own properties. Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) induces an intracellular Ca2+ rise initiating a series of cellular activities. We confirmed that NG2 glia express L-type VGCCs in the white and gray matter during CNS development, particularly in the early postnatal stage. However, the function of L-type VGCCs in NG2 glia remains elusive. Therefore, we deleted L-type VGCC subtypes Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 genes conditionally in NG2 glia by crossbreeding NG2-CreERT2 knock-in mice to floxed Cav1.2 and flexed Cav1.3 transgenic mice. Our results showed that ablation of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 strongly inhibited the proliferation of cortical NG2 glia, while differentiation in white and gray matter was not affected. As a consequence, no difference on myelination could be detected in various brain regions. In addition, we observed morphological alterations of the nodes of Ranvier induced by VGCC-deficient NG2 glia, i.e., shortened paired paranodes in the corpus callosum. Furthermore, deletion of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 largely eliminated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent long-term depression (LTD) and potentiation in the hippocampus while the synaptic input to NG2 glia from axons remained unaltered. We conclude that L-type VGCCs of NG2 glia are essential for cell proliferation and proper structural organization of nodes of Ranvier, but not for differentiation and myelin compaction. In addition, L-type VGCCs of NG2 glia contribute to the regulation of long-term neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Cãtãlin
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Anja Scheller
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany.,Experimental Research Center for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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23
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Parmigiani E, Scalera M, Mori E, Tantillo E, Vannini E. Old Stars and New Players in the Brain Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:709917. [PMID: 34690699 PMCID: PMC8527006 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.709917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the direct interaction between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor growth and a promising therapeutic target. The TME, including the surrounding peritumoral regions, is dynamically modified during tumor progression and in response to therapies. However, the mechanisms regulating the crosstalk between malignant and non-malignant cells are still poorly understood, especially in the case of glioma, an aggressive form of brain tumor. The presence of unique brain-resident cell types, namely neurons and glial cells, and an exceptionally immunosuppressive microenvironment pose additional important challenges to the development of effective treatments targeting the TME. In this review, we provide an overview on the direct and indirect interplay between glioma and neuronal and glial cells, introducing new players and mechanisms that still deserve further investigation. We will focus on the effects of neural activity and glial response in controlling glioma cell behavior and discuss the potential of exploiting these cellular interactions to develop new therapeutic approaches with the aim to preserve proper brain functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Parmigiani
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Scalera
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Tantillo
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vannini
- Neuroscience Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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24
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Turan F, Yilmaz Ö, Schünemann L, Lindenberg TT, Kalanithy JC, Harder A, Ahmadi S, Duman T, MacDonald RB, Winter D, Liu C, Odermatt B. Effect of modulating glutamate signaling on myelinating oligodendrocytes and their development-A study in the zebrafish model. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2774-2792. [PMID: 34520578 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelination is crucial for the development and maintenance of axonal integrity, especially fast axonal action potential conduction. There is increasing evidence that glutamate signaling and release through neuronal activity modulates the myelination process. In this study, we examine the effect of manipulating glutamate signaling on myelination of oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells and their development in zebrafish (zf). We use the "intensity-based glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter" (iGluSnFR) in the zf model (both sexes) to address the hypothesis that glutamate is implicated in regulation of myelinating OLs. Our results show that glial iGluSnFR expression significantly reduces OL lineage cell number and the expression of myelin markers in larvae (zfl) and adult brains. The specific glutamate receptor agonist, L-AP4, rescues this iGluSnFR effect by significantly increasing the expression of the myelin-related genes, plp1b and mbpa, and enhances myelination in L-AP4-injected zfl compared to controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that degrading glutamate using Glutamat-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) or the blockade of glutamate reuptake by L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC) significantly decreases myelin-related genes and drastically declines myelination in brain ventricle-injected zfl. Moreover, we found that myelin-specific ClaudinK (CldnK) and 36K protein expression is significantly decreased in iGluSnFR-expressing zfl and adult brains compared to controls. Taken together, this study confirms that glutamate signaling is directly required for the preservation of myelinating OLs and for the myelination process itself. These findings further suggest that glutamate signaling may provide novel targets to therapeutically boost remyelination in several demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Turan
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Öznur Yilmaz
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Schünemann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias T Lindenberg
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeshurun C Kalanithy
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Harder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shiva Ahmadi
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IBMB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Türker Duman
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ryan B MacDonald
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic Winter
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IBMB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Odermatt
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy and Cell-Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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25
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Kabdesh IM, Arkhipova SS, Mukhamedshina YO, James V, Rizvanov AA, Chelyshev YA. The Function of NG2/CSPG4-expressing Cells in the Rat Spinal Cord Injury: An Immunoelectron Microscopy Study. Neuroscience 2021; 467:142-149. [PMID: 34102261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports an increased role for NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells in the process of neuroregeneration and synaptic plasticity, due to the increased production of multifunctional chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2/CSPG4). However, the response of NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains to be elcudiated. Expression and distribution of NG2/CSPG4-expressing cells were studied by immunoelectron microscopy in the ventral horns (VH) of an intact and injured rat spinal cord. In the intact spinal cord, NG2/CSPG4 expression was detected on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of NG2 glia and was absent in neurons. Large amounts of NG2/CSPG4 were found on myelin membranes. The ability of intact astrocytes to produce NG2/CSPG4 was shown, although to a lesser extent than oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia. At 7 days after SCI at the Th8 level in the reactive glial zone of VH, the expression of NG2/CSPG4 sharply increased in NG2 glia at a distance of 3-5 mm and in reactive astrocytes were observed at all investigated distances caudally from the epicenter of injury. The obtained results indicate the presence of NG2/CSPG4-positive astrocytes in the intact spinal cord, and in the case of damage, an increase in the ability of reactive astrocytes to produce NG2/CSPG4. SCI leads to increased expression of NG2/CSPG4 by NG2 glia in the early stages after injury, which decreases with distance from the epicenter of the injury, as well as at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yana O Mukhamedshina
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | | | | | - Yuri A Chelyshev
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
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26
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Early life adversity targets the transcriptional signature of hippocampal NG2+ glia and affects voltage gated sodium (Na v) channels properties. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100338. [PMID: 34095364 PMCID: PMC8164094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of early life adversity (ELA) on adult mental health remain still elusive. To date, most studies have exclusively targeted neuronal populations and not considered neuron-glia crosstalk as a crucially important element for the integrity of stress-related brain function. Here, we have investigated the impact of ELA, in the form of a limited bedding and nesting material (LBN) paradigm, on a glial subpopulation with unique properties in brain homeostasis, the NG2+ cells. First, we have established a link between maternal behavior, activation of the offspring's stress response and heterogeneity in the outcome to LBN manipulation. We further showed that LBN targets the hippocampal NG2+ transcriptome with glucocorticoids being an important mediator of the LBN-induced molecular changes. LBN altered the NG2+ transcriptome and these transcriptional effects were correlated with glucocorticoids levels. The functional relevance of one LBN-induced candidate gene, Scn7a, could be confirmed by an increase in the density of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel activated currents in hippocampal NG2+ cells. Scn7a remained upregulated until adulthood in LBN animals, which displayed impaired cognitive performance. Considering that Nav channels are important for NG2+ cell-to-neuron communication, our findings provide novel insights into the disruption of this process in LBN mice.
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27
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Rivera AD, Chacon-De-La-Rocha I, Pieropan F, Papanikolau M, Azim K, Butt AM. Keeping the ageing brain wired: a role for purine signalling in regulating cellular metabolism in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:775-783. [PMID: 33712969 PMCID: PMC8076121 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02544-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White matter (WM) is a highly prominent feature in the human cerebrum and is comprised of bundles of myelinated axons that form the connectome of the brain. Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes and is essential for rapid neuronal electrical communication that underlies the massive computing power of the human brain. Oligodendrocytes are generated throughout life by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are identified by expression of the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan NG2 (Cspg4), and are often termed NG2-glia. Adult NG2+ OPCs are slowly proliferating cells that have the stem cell-like property of self-renewal and differentiation into a pool of 'late OPCs' or 'differentiation committed' OPCs(COPs) identified by specific expression of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR17, which are capable of differentiation into myelinating oligodendrocytes. In the adult brain, these reservoirs of OPCs and COPs ensure rapid myelination of new neuronal connections formed in response to neuronal signalling, which underpins learning and cognitive function. However, there is an age-related decline in myelination that is associated with a loss of neuronal function and cognitive decline. The underlying causes of myelin loss in ageing are manifold, but a key factor is the decay in OPC 'stemness' and a decline in their replenishment of COPs, which results in the ultimate failure of myelin regeneration. These changes in ageing OPCs are underpinned by dysregulation of neuronal signalling and OPC metabolic function. Here, we highlight the role of purine signalling in regulating OPC self-renewal and the potential importance of GPR17 and the P2X7 receptor subtype in age-related changes in OPC metabolism. Moreover, age is the main factor in the failure of myelination in chronic multiple sclerosis and myelin loss in Alzheimer's disease, hence understanding the importance of purine signalling in OPC regeneration and myelination is critical for developing new strategies for promoting repair in age-dependent neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Rivera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pieropan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Papanikolau
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kasum Azim
- Department of Neurology, Neuroregeneration, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
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28
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Venkataramani V, Tanev DI, Kuner T, Wick W, Winkler F. Synaptic input to brain tumors: clinical implications. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:23-33. [PMID: 32623467 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of synaptic connections between neurons and brain tumor cells fundamentally challenges our understanding of gliomas and brain metastases and shows how these tumors can integrate into complex neuronal circuits. Here, we provide an overview of glutamatergic neuron-to-brain tumor synaptic communication (NBTSC) and explore novel therapeutic avenues. First, we summarize current concepts of direct synaptic interactions between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic glioma cells, and indirect perisynaptic input to metastatic breast cancer cells. We explain how these novel structures drive brain tumor growth and invasion. Second, a vicious cycle of enhanced neuronal activity, including tumor-related epilepsy, and glioma progression is described. Finally, we discuss which future avenues to target NBTSC appear most promising. All in all, further characterization of NBTSC and the exploration of NBTSC-inhibiting therapies have the potential to reveal critical vulnerabilities of yet incurable brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitar Ivanov Tanev
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuro-Oncology, German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Lim D, Semyanov A, Genazzani A, Verkhratsky A. Calcium signaling in neuroglia. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 362:1-53. [PMID: 34253292 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells exploit calcium (Ca2+) signals to perceive the information about the activity of the nervous tissue and the tissue environment to translate this information into an array of homeostatic, signaling and defensive reactions. Astrocytes, the best studied glial cells, use several Ca2+ signaling generation pathways that include Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane, release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and from mitochondria. Activation of metabotropic receptors on the plasma membrane of glial cells is coupled to an enzymatic cascade in which a second messenger, InsP3 is generated thus activating intracellular Ca2+ release channels in the ER endomembrane. Astrocytes also possess store-operated Ca2+ entry and express several ligand-gated Ca2+ channels. In vivo astrocytes generate heterogeneous Ca2+ signals, which are short and frequent in distal processes, but large and relatively rare in soma. In response to neuronal activity intracellular and inter-cellular astrocytic Ca2+ waves can be produced. Astrocytic Ca2+ signals are involved in secretion, they regulate ion transport across cell membranes, and are contributing to cell morphological plasticity. Therefore, astrocytic Ca2+ signals are linked to fundamental functions of the central nervous system ranging from synaptic transmission to behavior. In oligodendrocytes, Ca2+ signals are generated by plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx, or by release from intracellular stores, or by combination of both. Microglial cells exploit Ca2+ permeable ionotropic purinergic receptors and transient receptor potential channels as well as ER Ca2+ release. In this contribution, basic morphology of glial cells, glial Ca2+ signaling toolkit, intracellular Ca2+ signals and Ca2+-regulated functions are discussed with focus on astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Armando Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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30
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Pease-Raissi SE, Chan JR. Building a (w)rapport between neurons and oligodendroglia: Reciprocal interactions underlying adaptive myelination. Neuron 2021; 109:1258-1273. [PMID: 33621477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myelin, multilayered lipid-rich membrane extensions formed by oligodendrocytes around neuronal axons, is essential for fast and efficient action potential propagation in the central nervous system. Initially thought to be a static and immutable process, myelination is now appreciated to be a dynamic process capable of responding to and modulating neuronal function throughout life. While the importance of this type of plasticity, called adaptive myelination, is now well accepted, we are only beginning to understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which neurons communicate experience-driven circuit activation to oligodendroglia and precisely how changes in oligodendrocytes and their myelin refine neuronal function. Here, we review recent findings addressing this reciprocal relationship in which neurons alter oligodendroglial form and oligodendrocytes conversely modulate neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Pease-Raissi
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Jonah R Chan
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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31
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Unraveling the adult cell progeny of early postnatal progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19058. [PMID: 33149241 PMCID: PMC7643156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2-glia, also referred to as oligodendrocyte precursor cells or polydendrocytes, represent a large pool of proliferative neural cells in the adult brain that lie outside of the two major adult neurogenic niches. Although their roles are not fully understood, we previously reported significant clonal expansion of adult NG2-cells from embryonic pallial progenitors using the StarTrack lineage-tracing tool. To define the contribution of early postnatal progenitors to the specific NG2-glia lineage, we used NG2-StarTrack. A temporal clonal analysis of single postnatal progenitor cells revealed the production of different glial cell types in distinct areas of the dorsal cortex but not neurons. Moreover, the dispersion and size of the different NG2 derived clonal cell clusters increased with age. Indeed, clonally-related NG2-glia were located throughout the corpus callosum and the deeper layers of the cortex. In summary, our data reveal that postnatally derived NG2-glia are proliferative cells that give rise to NG2-cells and astrocytes but not neurons. These progenitors undergo clonal cell expansion and dispersion throughout the adult dorsal cortex in a manner that was related to aging and cell identity, adding new information about the ontogeny of these cells. Thus, identification of clonally-related cells from specific progenitors is important to reveal the NG2-glia heterogeneity.
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32
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Hoover AH, Pavuluri R, Shelkar GP, Dravid SM, Smith Y, Villalba RM. Ultrastructural localization of glutamate delta 1 (GluD1) receptor immunoreactivity in the mouse and monkey striatum. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:1703-1718. [PMID: 33084025 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate receptor delta 1 (GluD1) is strongly expressed in the striatum. Knockout of GluD1 expression in striatal neurons elicits cognitive deficits and disrupts the thalamostriatal system in mice. To understand the potential role of GluD1 in the primate striatum, we compared the cellular and subcellular localization of striatal GluD1 immunoreactivity (GluD1-IR) in mice and monkeys. In both species, striatal GluD1-IR displayed a patchy pattern of distribution in register with the striosome/matrix compartmentation, but in an opposite fashion. While GluD1 was more heavily expressed in the striosomes than the matrix in the monkey caudate nucleus, the opposite was found in the mouse striatum. At the electron microscopic level, GluD1-IR was preferentially expressed in dendritic shafts (47.9 ± 1.2%), followed by glia (37.7 ± 2.5%), and dendritic spines (14.3 ± 2.6%) in the matrix of the mouse striatum. This pattern was not statistically different from the labeling in the striosome and matrix compartments of the monkey caudate nucleus, with the exception of a small amount of GluD1-positive unmyelinated axons and axon terminals in the primate striatum. Immunogold staining revealed synaptic and perisynaptic GluD1 labeling at putative axo-dendritic and axo-spinous glutamatergic synapses, and intracellular labeling on the surface of mitochondria. Confocal microscopy showed that GluD1 is preferentially colocalized with thalamic over cortical terminals in both the striosome and matrix compartments. These data provide the anatomical substrate for a deeper understanding of GluD1 regulation of striatal glutamatergic synapses, but also suggest possible extrasynaptic, glial, and mitochondrial GluD1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Hoover
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ratnamala Pavuluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gajanan P Shelkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rosa M Villalba
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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33
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Zimmer TS, Broekaart DWM, Gruber VE, van Vliet EA, Mühlebner A, Aronica E. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex as Disease Model for Investigating mTOR-Related Gliopathy During Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1028. [PMID: 33041976 PMCID: PMC7527496 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) represents the prototypic monogenic disorder of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway dysregulation. It provides the rational mechanistic basis of a direct link between gene mutation and brain pathology (structural and functional abnormalities) associated with a complex clinical phenotype including epilepsy, autism, and intellectual disability. So far, research conducted in TSC has been largely neuron-oriented. However, the neuropathological hallmarks of TSC and other malformations of cortical development also include major morphological and functional changes in glial cells involving astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, NG2 glia, and microglia. These cells and their interglial crosstalk may offer new insights into the common neurobiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy and the complex cognitive and behavioral comorbidities that are characteristic of the spectrum of mTOR-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. This review will focus on the role of glial dysfunction, the interaction between glia related to mTOR hyperactivity, and its contribution to epileptogenesis in TSC. Moreover, we will discuss how understanding glial abnormalities in TSC might give valuable insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms that could help to develop novel therapeutic approaches for TSC or other pathologies characterized by glial dysfunction and acquired mTOR hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
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Castro R, Taetzsch T, Vaughan SK, Godbe K, Chappell J, Settlage RE, Valdez G. Specific labeling of synaptic schwann cells reveals unique cellular and molecular features. eLife 2020; 9:e56935. [PMID: 32584256 PMCID: PMC7316509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) are specialized, non-myelinating, synaptic glia of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), that participate in synapse development, function, maintenance, and repair. The study of PSCs has relied on an anatomy-based approach, as the identities of cell-specific PSC molecular markers have remained elusive. This limited approach has precluded our ability to isolate and genetically manipulate PSCs in a cell specific manner. We have identified neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) as a unique molecular marker of S100β+ PSCs in skeletal muscle. NG2 is expressed in Schwann cells already associated with the NMJ, indicating that it is a marker of differentiated PSCs. Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in PSCs and synapses. These findings will serve as a springboard for revealing drivers of PSC differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Castro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Thomas Taetzsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Sydney K Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
| | - Kerilyn Godbe
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
| | - John Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech CarilionRoanokeUnited States
| | - Robert E Settlage
- Department of Advanced Research Computing, Virginia TechBlacksburgUnited States
| | - Gregorio Valdez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
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35
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Mellai M, Annovazzi L, Bisogno I, Corona C, Crociara P, Iulini B, Cassoni P, Casalone C, Boldorini R, Schiffer D. Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) Localization in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas. Cells 2020; 9:E1538. [PMID: 32599896 PMCID: PMC7349878 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuron glial antigen 2 or chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) is expressed by immature precursors/progenitor cells and is possibly involved in malignant cell transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate its role on the progression and survival of sixty-one adult gliomas and nine glioblastoma (GB)-derived cell lines. METHODS NG2/CSPG4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Genetic and epigenetic alterations were detected by molecular genetic techniques. RESULTS NG2/CSPG4 was frequently expressed in IDH-mutant/1p19q-codel oligodendrogliomas (59.1%) and IDH-wild type GBs (40%) and rarely expressed in IDH-mutant or IDH-wild type astrocytomas (14.3%). Besides tumor cells, NG2/CSPG4 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm and/or cell membranes of reactive astrocytes and vascular pericytes/endothelial cells. In GB-derived neurospheres, it was variably detected according to the number of passages of the in vitro culture. In GB-derived adherent cells, a diffuse positivity was found in most cells. NG2/CSPG4 expression was significantly associated with EGFR gene amplification (p = 0.0005) and poor prognosis (p = 0.016) in astrocytic tumors. CONCLUSION The immunoreactivity of NG2/CSPG4 provides information on the timing of the neoplastic transformation and could have prognostic and therapeutic relevance as a promising tumor-associated antigen for antibody-based immunotherapy in patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mellai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Traslazionale sulle Malattie Autoimmuni e Allergiche (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste 15A, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia Valenta—ONLUS, Via Malta 3, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Laura Annovazzi
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Bisogno
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino/Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Santena 7, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (B.I.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Davide Schiffer
- Ex Centro Ricerche/Fondazione Policlinico di Monza, Via P. Micca 29, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (L.A.); (I.B.); (D.S.)
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36
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Sánchez-González R, Bribián A, López-Mascaraque L. Cell Fate Potential of NG2 Progenitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9876. [PMID: 32555386 PMCID: PMC7303219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the origin of different glial subtypes is crucial to understand glial heterogeneity, and to enhance our knowledge of glial and progenitor cell behavior in embryos and adults. NG2-glia are homogenously distributed in a grid-like manner in both, gray and white matter of the adult brain. While some NG2-glia in the CNS are responsible for the generation of mature oligodendrocytes (OPCs), most of them do not differentiate and they can proliferate outside of adult neurogenic niches. Thus, NG2-glia constitute a heterogeneous population containing different subpopulations with distinct functions. We hypothesized that their diversity emerges from specific progenitors during development, as occurs with other glial cell subtypes. To specifically target NG2-pallial progenitors and to define the NG2-glia lineage, as well as the NG2-progenitor potential, we designed two new StarTrack strategies using the NG2 promoter. These approaches label NG2 expressing progenitor cells, permitting the cell fates of these NG2 progenitors to be tracked in vivo. StarTrack labelled cells producing different neural phenotypes in different regions depending on the age targeted, and the strategy selected. This specific genetic targeting of neural progenitors in vivo has provided new data on the heterogeneous pool of NG2 progenitors at both embryonic and postnatal ages.
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37
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Single-nucleus transcriptomics of the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder implicates oligodendrocyte precursor cells and excitatory neurons. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:771-781. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Kalanjati VP, Hendrata MW, Ardana FN. Cellular Composition in the Aging Cerebral Cortex of Humans. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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The roles of neuron-NG2 glia synapses in promoting oligodendrocyte development and remyelination. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:43-53. [PMID: 32236697 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NG2 immunopositive progenitor cells, also simply termed as NG2 glia and thought mainly to be oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), form synaptic connections with neurons in gray and white matters of brain. One of the most classical features of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is myelination, which will favor neuronal signaling transmission. Thus, is there a causal link between the specific synapses of neuron-NG2 glia and myelination? Building on this, here, we will discuss several relevant issues. First, in order to understand the synapses, it is necessary to integrate the definite inputs onto NG2 glia. We show that the synaptic activities and myelination are not synchronized, so the synapses are more likely to regulate early development of NG2 glia and prepare for myelination. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that the synapses also play a role in recovery of pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, elucidating the activities of neuron-NG2 glia synapses will be beneficial for both physiological and pathological conditions. Graphical abstract The existence of neuron-NG2 glia synapses reveals that the neuronal activities projecting to NG2 glia is an elaborate regulation, and the signaling from neurons to NG2 glia is frequent in early stage. The neuron-NG2 glia synapses indirectly provide a basic condition to support myelination by extrasynaptic communication. The neuron-NG2 glia synapses also promote remyelination, and it occurs similar to physiological conditions.
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40
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Functionally distinct subgroups of oligodendrocyte precursor cells integrate neural activity and execute myelin formation. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:363-374. [PMID: 32066987 PMCID: PMC7292734 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC)
heterogeneity. It remains unclear if such heterogeneity reflects different
subtypes of cells with distinct functions, or rather transiently acquired states
of cells with the same function. By integrating lineage formation of individual
OPC clones, single-cell transcriptomics, calcium imaging and neural activity
manipulation, we show that OPCs in the zebrafish spinal cord can be divided into
two functionally distinct groups. One subgroup forms elaborate networks of
processes and exhibits a high degree of calcium signalling, but infrequently
differentiates, despite contact with permissive axons. Instead, these OPCs
divide in an activity and calcium dependent manner to produce another subgroup
with higher process motility and less calcium signaling, which readily
differentiates. Our data show that OPC subgroups are functionally diverse in
responding to neurons and reveal that activity regulates proliferation of a
subset of OPCs that is distinct from the cells that generate differentiated
oligodendrocytes.
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41
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Boshans LL, Sherafat A, Nishiyama A. The effects of developmental and current niches on oligodendrocyte precursor dynamics and fate. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134593. [PMID: 31678373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), whose primary function is to generate myelinating oligodendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They originate from several defined subdomains in the embryonic germinal zones at different developmental stages and in the adult. While many phenotypic differences have been observed among OPCs in different anatomical regions and among those arising from different germinal zones, we know relatively little about the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the historical and current niches shape the behavior of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. This minireview will discuss how the behavior of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is influenced by the developmental niches from which subpopulations of OPCs emerge, by the current niches surrounding OPCs in different regions, and in pathological states that cause deviations from the normal density of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Boshans
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, USA; Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, USA.
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42
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Bedner P, Jabs R, Steinhäuser C. Properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glia. Glia 2019; 68:756-767. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bedner
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical FacultyUniversity of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Ronald Jabs
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical FacultyUniversity of Bonn Bonn Germany
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43
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Duncan GJ, Manesh SB, Hilton BJ, Assinck P, Plemel JR, Tetzlaff W. The fate and function of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells after traumatic spinal cord injury. Glia 2019; 68:227-245. [PMID: 31433109 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the most proliferative and dispersed population of progenitor cells in the adult central nervous system, which allows these cells to rapidly respond to damage. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are lost after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), compromising efficient conduction and, potentially, the long-term health of axons. In response, OPCs proliferate and then differentiate into new oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate axons. This culminates in highly efficient remyelination following experimental SCI in which nearly all intact demyelinated axons are remyelinated in rodent models. However, myelin regeneration comprises only one role of OPCs following SCI. OPCs contribute to scar formation after SCI and restrict the regeneration of injured axons. Moreover, OPCs alter their gene expression following demyelination, express cytokines and perpetuate the immune response. Here, we review the functional contribution of myelin regeneration and other recently uncovered roles of OPCs and their progeny to repair following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J Duncan
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sohrab B Manesh
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brett J Hilton
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Peggy Assinck
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Departments of Zoology and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Spitzer et al. (2019) demonstrate age- and region-dependent diversity in the expression of voltage-gated ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors in oligodendrocyte progenitors. These define their interactions with neurons and thus suggest an increasing functional heterogeneity with age and between brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Trotter
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mittmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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45
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Hill RA, Grutzendler J. Uncovering the biology of myelin with optical imaging of the live brain. Glia 2019; 67:2008-2019. [PMID: 31033062 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myelin has traditionally been considered a static structure that is produced and assembled during early developmental stages. While this characterization is accurate in some contexts, recent studies have revealed that oligodendrocyte generation and patterns of myelination are dynamic and potentially modifiable throughout life. Unique structural and biochemical properties of the myelin sheath provide opportunities for the development and implementation of multimodal label-free and fluorescence optical imaging approaches. When combined with genetically encoded fluorescent tags targeted to distinct cells and subcellular structures, these techniques offer a powerful methodological toolbox for uncovering mechanisms of myelin generation and plasticity in the live brain. Here, we discuss recent advances in these approaches that have allowed the discovery of several forms of myelin plasticity in developing and adult nervous systems. Using these techniques, long-standing questions related to myelin generation, remodeling, and degeneration can now be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jaime Grutzendler
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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46
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Kula B, Chen T, Kukley M. Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic? Glia 2019; 67:2071-2091. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kula
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Ting‐Jiun Chen
- Center for Neuroscience ResearchChildren's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center Washington District of Columbia
| | - Maria Kukley
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Research Institute for OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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47
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Hoch-Kraft P, Trotter J, Gonsior C. Missing in Action: Dysfunctional RNA Metabolism in Oligodendroglial Cells as a Contributor to Neurodegenerative Diseases? Neurochem Res 2019; 45:566-579. [PMID: 30843138 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of myelin around axons by oligodendrocytes (OL) poses an enormous synthetic and energy challenge for the glial cell. Local translation of transcripts, including the mRNA for the essential myelin protein Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) at the site of myelin deposition has been recognised as an efficient mechanism to assure proper myelin sheath assembly. Oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) form synapses with neurons and may localise many additional mRNAs in a similar fashion to synapses between neurons. In some diseases in which demyelination occurs, an abundance of OPCs is present but there is a failure to efficiently remyelinate and to synthesise MBP. This compromises axonal survival and function. OPCs are especially sensitive to cellular stress as occurring in neurodegenerative diseases, which can impinge on their ability to translate mRNAs into protein. Stress causes the build up of cytoplasmic stress granules (SG) in which many RNAs are sequestered and translationally stalled until the stress ceases. Chronic stress in particular could convert this initially protective reaction of the cell into damage, as persistence of SG may lead to pathological aggregate formation or long-term translation block of SG-associated RNAs. The recent recognition that many neurodegenerative diseases often exhibit an early white matter pathology with a proliferation of surviving OPCs, renders a study of the stress-associated processes in oligodendrocytes and OPCs especially relevant. Here, we discuss a potential dysfunction of RNA regulation in myelin diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) and potential contributions of OL dysfunction to neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoch-Kraft
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Trotter
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Constantin Gonsior
- Cellular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzelweg 3, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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48
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Suárez-Pozos E, Thomason EJ, Fuss B. Glutamate Transporters: Expression and Function in Oligodendrocytes. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:551-560. [PMID: 30628017 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), is well known as a regulator of neuronal plasticity and neurodevelopment. Such glutamate function is thought to be mediated primarily by signaling through glutamate receptors. Thus, it requires a tight regulation of extracellular glutamate levels and a fine-tuned homeostasis that, when dysregulated, has been associated with a wide range of central pathologies including neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the mammalian CNS, extracellular glutamate levels are controlled by a family of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters belonging to the solute carrier family 1 (SLC1) that are also referred to as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The presumed main function of EAATs has been best described in the context of synaptic transmission where EAATs expressed by astrocytes and neurons effectively regulate extracellular glutamate levels so that synapses can function independently. There is, however, increasing evidence that EAATs are expressed by cells other than astrocytes and neurons, and that they exhibit functions beyond glutamate clearance. In this review, we will focus on the expression and functions of EAATs in the myelinating cells of the CNS, oligodendrocytes. More specifically, we will discuss potential roles of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs in contributing to extracellular glutamate homeostasis, and in regulating oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination by exerting signaling functions that have traditionally been associated with glutamate receptors. In addition, we will provide some examples for how dysregulation of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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49
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Ziegler-Waldkirch S, Meyer-Luehmann M. The Role of Glial Cells and Synapse Loss in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:473. [PMID: 30618627 PMCID: PMC6297249 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss has detrimental effects on cellular communication, leading to network disruptions within the central nervous system (CNS) such as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is characterized by a progressive decline of memory function, cognition, neuronal and synapse loss. The two main neuropathological hallmarks are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In the brain of AD patients and in mouse models of AD several morphological and functional changes, such as microgliosis and astrogliosis around Aβ plaques, as well as dendritic and synaptic alterations, are associated with these lesions. In this review article, we will summarize the current literature on synapse loss in mouse models of AD and discuss current and prospective treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ziegler-Waldkirch
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Hanganu A, Houde JC, Fonov VS, Degroot C, Mejia-Constain B, Lafontaine AL, Soland V, Chouinard S, Collins LD, Descoteaux M, Monchi O. White matter degeneration profile in the cognitive cortico-subcortical tracts in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2018; 33:1139-1150. [PMID: 29683523 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease cognitive impairment is an early nonmotor feature, but it is still unclear why some patients are able to maintain their cognitive performance at normal levels, as quantified by neuropsychological tests, whereas others cannot. The objectives of this study were to perform a cross-sectional study and analyze the white matter changes in the cognitive and motor bundles in patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Sixteen Parkinson's disease patients with normal cognitive performance, 19 with mild cognitive impairment (based on their performance of 1.5 standard deviations below the healthy population mean), and 16 healthy controls were compared with respect to their tractography patterns between the cortical cognitive / motor regions and subcortical structures, using high angular resolution diffusion imaging and constrained spherical deconvolution computation. RESULTS Motor bundles showed decreased apparent fiber density in both PD groups, associated with a significant increase in diffusivity metrics, number of reconstructed streamlines, and track volumes, compared with healthy controls. By contrast, in the cognitive bundles, decreased fiber density in both Parkinson's groups was compounded by the absence of changes in diffusivity in patients with normal cognition, whereas patients with cognitive impairment had increased diffusivity metrics, lower numbers of reconstructed streamlines, and lower track volumes. CONCLUSIONS Both PD groups showed similar patterns of white matter neurodegeneration in the motor bundles, whereas cognitive bundles showed a distinct pattern: Parkinson's patients with normal cognition had white matter diffusivity metrics similar to healthy controls, whereas in patients with cognitive impairment white matter showed a neurodegeneration pattern. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Hanganu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Houde
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clotilde Degroot
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beatriz Mejia-Constain
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Louise Lafontaine
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Movement Disorders Unit, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Soland
- Unité des Troubles du Mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- Unité des Troubles du Mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis D Collins
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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