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Caffaratti H, Slater B, Shaheen N, Rhone A, Calmus R, Kritikos M, Kumar S, Dlouhy B, Oya H, Griffiths T, Boes AD, Trapp N, Kaiser M, Sallet J, Banks MI, Howard MA, Zanaty M, Petkov CI. Neuromodulation with Ultrasound: Hypotheses on the Directionality of Effects and a Community Resource. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.14.24308829. [PMID: 38947047 PMCID: PMC11213082 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.24308829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive technique for deep-brain stimulation and focal neuromodulation. Research with animal models and computational modelling has raised the possibility that TUS can be biased towards enhancing or suppressing neural function. Here, we first conduct a systematic review of human TUS studies for perturbing neural function and alleviating brain disorders. We then collate a set of hypotheses on the directionality of TUS effects and conduct an initial meta-analysis on the human TUS study reported outcomes to date ( n = 32 studies, 37 experiments). We find that parameters such as the duty cycle show some predictability regarding whether the targeted area's function is likely to be enhanced or suppressed. Given that human TUS sample sizes are exponentially increasing, we recognize that results can stabilize or change as further studies are reported. Therefore, we conclude by establishing an Iowa-Newcastle (inTUS) resource for the systematic reporting of TUS parameters and outcomes to support further hypothesis testing for greater precision in brain stimulation and neuromodulation with TUS. Highlights Systematic review of human TUS studies for enhancing or suppressing neural functionCollated set of hypotheses on using TUS to bias towards enhancement or suppressionMeta-analysis results identify parameters that may bias the directionality of effectsTUS resource established for systematic reporting of TUS parameters and outcomes.
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Pellow C, Pichardo S, Pike GB. A systematic review of preclinical and clinical transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation and opportunities for functional connectomics. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:734-751. [PMID: 38880207 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound has surged forward as a non-invasive and disruptive tool for neuromodulation with applications in basic neuroscience research and the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive overview and update of preclinical and clinical transcranial low intensity ultrasound for neuromodulation and emphasize the emerging role of functional brain mapping to guide, better understand, and predict responses. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching the Web of Science and Scopus databases for studies on transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation, both in humans and animals. RESULTS 187 relevant studies were identified and reviewed, including 116 preclinical and 71 clinical reports with subjects belonging to diverse cohorts. Milestones of ultrasound neuromodulation are described within an overview of the broader landscape. General neural readouts and outcome measures are discussed, potential confounds are noted, and the emerging use of functional magnetic resonance imaging is highlighted. CONCLUSION Ultrasound neuromodulation has emerged as a powerful tool to study and treat a range of conditions and its combination with various neural readouts has significantly advanced this platform. In particular, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging has yielded exciting inferences into ultrasound neuromodulation and has the potential to advance our understanding of brain function, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and ultimately clinical outcomes. It is anticipated that these preclinical and clinical trials are the first of many; that transcranial low intensity focused ultrasound, particularly in combination with functional magnetic resonance imaging, has the potential to enhance treatment for a spectrum of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Pellow
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Samuel Pichardo
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Martin E, Aubry JF, Schafer M, Verhagen L, Treeby B, Pauly KB. ITRUSST consensus on standardised reporting for transcranial ultrasound stimulation. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:607-615. [PMID: 38670224 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) advances as a precise, non-invasive neuromodulatory method, there is a need for consistent reporting standards to enable comparison and reproducibility across studies. To this end, the International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards Consortium (ITRUSST) formed a subcommittee of experts across several domains to review and suggest standardised reporting parameters for low intensity TUS, resulting in the guide presented here. The scope of the guide is limited to reporting the ultrasound aspects of a study. The guide and supplementary material provide a simple checklist covering the reporting of: (1) the transducer and drive system, (2) the drive system settings, (3) the free field acoustic parameters, (4) the pulse timing parameters, (5) in situ estimates of exposure parameters in the brain, and (6) intensity parameters. Detailed explanations for each of the parameters, including discussions on assumptions, measurements, and calculations, are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Martin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mark Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bradley Treeby
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Lee K, Park TY, Lee W, Kim H. A review of functional neuromodulation in humans using low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:407-438. [PMID: 38645585 PMCID: PMC11026350 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-024-00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly burgeoning field where low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), with exquisite spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration, is used to non-invasively activate or suppress neural activity in specific brain regions. Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase of tFUS neuromodulation studies in healthy humans and subjects with central nervous system (CNS) disease conditions, including a recent surge of clinical investigations in patients. This narrative review summarized the findings of human neuromodulation studies using either tFUS or unfocused transcranial ultrasound (TUS) reported from 2013 to 2023. The studies were categorized into two separate sections: healthy human research and clinical studies. A total of 42 healthy human investigations were reviewed as grouped by targeted brain regions, including various cortical, subcortical, and deep brain areas including the thalamus. For clinical research, a total of 22 articles were reviewed for each studied CNS disease condition, including chronic pain, disorder of consciousness, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, drug-resistant epilepsy, and stroke. Detailed information on subjects/cohorts, target brain regions, sonication parameters, outcome readouts, and stimulatory efficacies were tabulated for each study. In later sections, considerations for planning tFUS neuromodulation in humans were also concisely discussed. With an excellent safety profile to date, the rapid growth of human tFUS research underscores the increasing interest and recognition of its significant potential in the field of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), offering theranostic potential for neurological and psychiatric disease conditions and neuroscientific tools for functional brain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuheon Lee
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 South Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Park
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyungmin Kim
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792 South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Bendau EV, McCune EP, Blackman SG, Kamimura HAS, Aurup C, Konofagou EE. Modulation of cardio-respiratory activity in mice via transcranial focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:332-340. [PMID: 38105118 PMCID: PMC10903588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of FUS on autonomic nervous system activity, including heart and respiratory rates, and to separate the thermal modulation from combined thermal and mechanical FUS effects. METHODS The thalamus and hypothalamus of wild-type mice were sonicated with a continuous-wave, 2 MHz FUS transducer at pressures of 425 and 850 kPa for 60 seconds. Cardiac and respiratory rates were monitored as signs of autonomic nervous activity. FUS-induced changes in autonomic activity were compared to FUS targeted to a spatially-distant motor region and to laser-induced heating. RESULTS FUS delivered to the primary target over the thalamus and hypothalamus at 850 kPa reversibly increased the respiratory rate by 6.5±3.2 breaths per minute and decreased the heart rate by 3.2±1.8 beats per minute. No significant changes occurred in this region at 425 kPa or when targeting the motor regions at 850 kPa. Laser heating with the same temperature rise profile produced by 850 kPa sonication resulted in cardiorespiratory modulation similar to that of FUS. CONCLUSIONS FUS is capable of reversibly and non-invasively modulating cardiorespiratory activity in mice. Localized changes in temperature may constitute the main cause for this activity, though further investigation is warranted into the distinct and complementary mechanisms of mechanically- and thermally-induced FUS neuromodulation. Close monitoring of vital signs during FUS neuromodulation may be warranted to monitor systemic responses to stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan V Bendau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Erica P McCune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Samuel G Blackman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Hermes A S Kamimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Christian Aurup
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 19-419, New York, NY, 10032, United States.
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6
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Reinhardt N, Schmitz C, Milz S, de la Fuente M. Influence of the skull bone and brain tissue on the sound field in transcranial extracorporeal shock wave therapy: an ex vivo study. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:27-37. [PMID: 37732512 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Focused ultrasound is mainly known for focal ablation and localized hyperthermia of tissue. During the last decade new treatment options were developed for neurological indications based on blood-brain-barrier opening or neuromodulation. Recently, the transcranial application of shock waves has been a subject of research. However, the mechanisms of action are not yet understood. Hence, it is necessary to know the energy that reaches the brain during the treatment and the focusing characteristics within the tissue. METHODS The sound field of a therapeutic extracorporeal shock wave transducer was investigated after passing human skull bone (n=5) or skull bone with brain tissue (n=2) in this ex vivo study. The maximum and minimum pressure distribution and the focal pressure curves were measured at different intensity levels and penetration depths, and compared to measurements in water. RESULTS Mean peak negative pressures of up to -4.97 MPa were reached behind the brain tissue. The positive peak pressure was attenuated by between 20.85 and 25.38 dB/cm by the skull bone. Additional damping by the brain tissue corresponded to between 0.29 and 0.83 dB/cm. Compared to the measurements in water, the pulse intensity integral in the focal spot was reduced by 84 % by the skull bone and by additional 2 % due to the brain tissue, resulting in a total damping of up to 86 %. The focal position was shifted up to 8 mm, whereas the basic shape of the pressure curves was preserved. CONCLUSIONS Positive effects may be stimulated by transcranial shock wave therapy but damage cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reinhardt
- Chair of Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Milz
- Chair of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Martin E, Aubry JF, Schafer M, Verhagen L, Treeby B, Pauly KB. ITRUSST Consensus on Standardised Reporting for Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2402.10027v1. [PMID: 38410648 PMCID: PMC10896372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
As transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) advances as a precise, non-invasive neuromodulatory method, there is a need for consistent reporting standards to enable comparison and reproducibility across studies. To this end, the International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards Consortium (ITRUSST) formed a subcommittee of experts across several domains to review and suggest standardised reporting parameters for low intensity TUS, resulting in the guide presented here. The scope of the guide is limited to reporting the ultrasound aspects of a study. The guide and supplementary material provide a simple checklist covering the reporting of: (1) the transducer and drive system, (2) the drive system settings, (3) the free field acoustic parameters, (4) the pulse timing parameters, (5) in situ estimates of exposure parameters in the brain, and (6) intensity parameters. Detailed explanations for each of the parameters, including discussions on assumptions, measurements, and calculations, are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Martin
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR8063, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Mark Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bradley Treeby
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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8
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Wang G, Zhou Y, Yu C, Yang Q, Chen L, Ling S, Chen P, Xing J, Wu H, Zhao Q. Intravital photoacoustic brain stimulation with high-precision. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11520. [PMID: 38333219 PMCID: PMC10851606 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Significance Neural regulation at high precision vitally contributes to propelling fundamental understanding in the field of neuroscience and providing innovative clinical treatment options. Recently, photoacoustic brain stimulation has emerged as a cutting-edge method for precise neuromodulation and shows great potential for clinical application. Aim The goal of this perspective is to outline the advancements in photoacoustic brain stimulation in recent years. And, we also provide an outlook delineating several prospective paths through which this burgeoning approach may be substantively refined for augmented capability and wider implementations. Approach First, the mechanisms of photoacoustic generation as well as the potential mechanisms of photoacoustic brain stimulation are provided and discussed. Then, the state-of-the-art achievements corresponding to this technology are reviewed. Finally, future directions for photoacoustic technology in neuromodulation are provided. Results Intensive research endeavors have prompted substantial advancements in photoacoustic brain stimulation, illuminating the unique advantages of this modality for noninvasive and high-precision neuromodulation via a nongenetic way. It is envisaged that further technology optimization and randomized prospective clinical trials will enable a wide acceptance of photoacoustic brain stimulation in clinical practice. Conclusions The innovative practice of photoacoustic technology serves as a multifaceted neuromodulation approach, possessing noninvasive, high-accuracy, and nongenetic characteristics. It has a great potential that could considerably enhance not only the fundamental underpinnings of neuroscience research but also its practical implementations in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Wang
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuying Zhou
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhui Yu
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuting Ling
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiwei Xing
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiling Wu
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- Xiamen University, School of Public Health, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen University, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
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Manuel TJ, Sigona MK, Phipps MA, Kusunose J, Luo H, Yang PF, Newton AT, Gore JC, Grissom W, Chen LM, Caskey CF. Small volume blood-brain barrier opening in macaques with a 1 MHz ultrasound phased array. J Control Release 2023; 363:707-720. [PMID: 37827222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of focused ultrasound to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has the potential to deliver drugs to specific regions of the brain. The size of the BBB opening and ability to localize the opening determines the spatial extent and is a limiting factor in many applications of BBB opening where targeting a small brain region is desired. Here we evaluate the performance of a system designed for small opening volumes and highlight the unique challenges associated with pushing the spatial precision of this technique. To achieve small volume openings in cortical regions of the macaque brain, we tested a custom 1 MHz array transducer integrated into a magnetic resonance image-guided focused ultrasound system. Using real-time cavitation monitoring, we demonstrated twelve instances of single sonication, small volume BBB opening with average volumes of 59 ± 37 mm3 and 184 ± 2 mm3 in cortical and subcortical targets, respectively. We found high correlation between subject-specific acoustic simulations and observed openings when incorporating grey matter segmentation (R2 = 0.8577), and the threshold for BBB opening based on simulations was 0.53 MPa. Analysis of MRI-based safety assessment and cavitation signals indicate a safe pressure range for 1 MHz BBB opening and suggest that our system can be used to deliver drugs and gene therapy to small brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Manuel
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle K Sigona
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jiro Kusunose
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Huiwen Luo
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William Grissom
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Di Ianni T, Morrison KP, Yu B, Murphy KR, de Lecea L, Airan RD. High-throughput ultrasound neuromodulation in awake and freely behaving rats. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1743-1752. [PMID: 38052373 PMCID: PMC10795522 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation is a promising potential therapeutic tool for the noninvasive treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the expansive parameter space and difficulties in controlling for peripheral auditory effects make it challenging to identify ultrasound sequences and brain targets that may provide therapeutic efficacy. Careful preclinical investigations in clinically relevant behavioral models are critically needed to identify suitable brain targets and acoustic parameters. However, there is a lack of ultrasound devices allowing for multi-target experimental investigations in awake and unrestrained rodents. We developed a miniaturized 64-element ultrasound array that enables neurointerventional investigations with within-trial active control targets in freely behaving rats. We first characterized the acoustic field with measurements in free water and with transcranial propagation. We then confirmed in vivo that the array can target multiple brain regions via electronic steering, and verified that wearing the device does not cause significant impairments to animal motility. Finally, we demonstrated the performance of our system in a high-throughput neuromodulation experiment, where we found that ultrasound stimulation of the rat central medial thalamus, but not an active control target, promotes arousal and increases locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Di Ianni
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA.
| | | | - Brenda Yu
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Raag D Airan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA.
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Ziebell P, Rodrigues J, Forster A, Sanguinetti JL, Allen JJ, Hewig J. Inhibition of midfrontal theta with transcranial ultrasound explains greater approach versus withdrawal behavior in humans. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1278-1288. [PMID: 37611659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reviews highlighted low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (TUS) as a promising new tool for non-invasive neuromodulation in basic and applied sciences. Our preregistered double-blind within-subjects study (N = 152) utilized TUS targeting the right prefrontal cortex, which, in earlier work, was found to positively enhance self-reported global mood, decrease negative states of self-reported emotional conflict (anxiety/worrying), and modulate related midfrontal functional magnetic resonance imaging activity in affect regulation brain networks. To further explore TUS effects on objective physiological and behavioral variables, we used a virtual T-maze task that has been established in prior studies to measure motivational conflicts regarding whether participants execute approach versus withdrawal behavior (with free-choice responses via continuous joystick movements) while allowing to record related electroencephalographic data such as midfrontal theta activity (MFT). MFT, a reliable marker of conflict representation on a neuronal level, was of particular interest to us since it has repeatedly been shown to explain related behavior, with relatively low MFT typically preceding approach-like risky behavior and relatively high MFT typically preceding withdrawal-like risk aversion. Our central hypothesis is that TUS decreases MFT in T-maze conflict situations and thereby increases approach and reduces withdrawal. Results indicate that TUS led to significant MFT decreases, which significantly explained increases in approach behavior and decreases in withdrawal behavior. This study expands TUS evidence on a physiological and behavioral level with a large sample size of human subjects, suggesting the promise of further research based on this distinct TUS-MFT-behavior link to influence conflict monitoring and its behavioral consequences. Ultimately, this can serve as a foundation for future clinical work to establish TUS interventions for emotional and motivational mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ziebell
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology I, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rodrigues
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology I, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - André Forster
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology I, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Joseph L Sanguinetti
- University of Arizona, Department of Psychology, 1503 E. University Blvd. (Building 68), Tucson (AZ) 85721, USA.
| | - John Jb Allen
- University of Arizona, Department of Psychology, 1503 E. University Blvd. (Building 68), Tucson (AZ) 85721, USA.
| | - Johannes Hewig
- University of Würzburg, Department of Psychology I, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Mishra A, Yang PF, Manuel TJ, Newton AT, Phipps MA, Luo H, Sigona MK, Reed JL, Gore JC, Grissom WA, Caskey CF, Chen LM. Disrupting nociceptive information processing flow through transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation of thalamic nuclei. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1430-1444. [PMID: 37741439 PMCID: PMC10702144 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MRI-guided transcranial focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) as a next-generation neuromodulation tool can precisely target and stimulate deep brain regions with high spatial selectivity. Combined with MR-ARFI (acoustic radiation force imaging) and using fMRI BOLD signal as functional readouts, our previous studies have shown that low-intensity FUS can excite or suppress neural activity in the somatosensory cortex. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether low-intensity FUS can suppress nociceptive heat stimulation-induced responses in thalamic nuclei during hand stimulation, and to determine how this suppression influences the information processing flow within nociception networks. FINDINGS BOLD fMRI activations evoked by 47.5 °C heat stimulation of hand were detected in 24 cortical regions, which belong to sensory, affective, and cognitive nociceptive networks. Concurrent delivery of low-intensity FUS pulses (650 kHz, 550 kPa) to the predefined heat nociceptive stimulus-responsive thalamic centromedial_parafascicular (CM_para), mediodorsal (MD), ventral_lateral (VL_ and ventral_lateral_posteroventral (VLpv) nuclei suppressed their heat responses. Off-target cortical areas exhibited reduced, enhanced, or no significant fMRI signal changes, depending on the specific areas. Differentiable thalamocortical information flow during the processing of nociceptive heat input was observed, as indicated by the time to reach 10% or 30% of the heat-evoked BOLD signal peak. Suppression of thalamic heat responses significantly altered nociceptive processing flow and direction between the thalamus and cortical areas. Modulation of contralateral versus ipsilateral areas by unilateral thalamic activity differed. Signals detected in high-order cortical areas, such as dorsal frontal (DFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal (vlPFC) cortices, exhibited faster response latencies than sensory areas. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent delivery of FUS suppressed nociceptive heat response in thalamic nuclei and disrupted the nociceptive network. This study offers new insights into the causal functional connections within the thalamocortical networks and demonstrates the modulatory effects of low-intensity FUS on nociceptive information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Manuel
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Huiwen Luo
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michelle K Sigona
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L Reed
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William A Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Parks TV, Szuzupak D, Choi SH, Alikaya A, Mou Y, Silva AC, Schaeffer DJ. Noninvasive disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the marmoset monkey. Commun Biol 2023; 6:806. [PMID: 37532791 PMCID: PMC10397190 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) is a species of rising prominence in the neurosciences due to its small size, ease of handling, fast breeding, and its shared functional and structural brain characteristics with Old World primates. With increasing attention on modeling human brain diseases in marmosets, understanding how to deliver therapeutic or neurotropic agents to the marmoset brain noninvasively is of great preclinical importance. In other species, including humans, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) aided by intravenously injected microbubbles has proven to be a transient, reliable, and safe method for disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing the focal passage of therapeutic agents that do not otherwise readily traverse the tight endothelial junctions of the BBB. The critical gap that we address here is to document parameters to disrupt the BBB reliably and safely in marmosets using tFUS. By integrating our marmoset brain atlases and the use of a marmoset-specific stereotactic targeting system, we conduct a series of systematic transcranial sonication experiments in nine marmosets. We demonstrate the effects of center frequency, acoustic pressure, burst period, and duration, establish a minimum microbubble dose, estimate microbubble clearance time, and estimate the duration that the BBB remains open to passage. Successful BBB disruption is reported in vivo with MRI-based contrast agents, as well as Evans blue staining assessed ex vivo. Histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin staining) and immunohistochemistry indicate that the BBB can be safely and reliably opened with the parameters derived from these experiments. The series of experiments presented here establish methods for safely, reproducibly, and focally perturbing the BBB using tFUS in the common marmoset monkey that can serve as a basis for noninvasive delivery of therapeutic or neurotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vincenza Parks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diego Szuzupak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aydin Alikaya
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yongshan Mou
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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14
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Kim HC, Lee W, Weisholtz DS, Yoo SS. Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of cortical and thalamic somatosensory areas in human. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288654. [PMID: 37478086 PMCID: PMC10361523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) stimulation of the primary somatosensory cortex and its thalamic projection (i.e., ventral posterolateral nucleus) on the generation of electroencephalographic (EEG) responses were evaluated in healthy human volunteers. Stimulation of the unilateral somatosensory circuits corresponding to the non-dominant hand generated EEG evoked potentials across all participants; however, not all perceived stimulation-mediated tactile sensations of the hand. These FUS-evoked EEG potentials (FEP) were observed from both brain hemispheres and shared similarities with somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) from median nerve stimulation. Use of a 0.5 ms pulse duration (PD) sonication given at 70% duty cycle, compared to the use of 1 and 2 ms PD, elicited more distinctive FEP peak features from the hemisphere ipsilateral to sonication. Although several participants reported hearing tones associated with FUS stimulation, the observed FEP were not likely to be confounded by the auditory sensation based on a separate measurement of auditory evoked potentials (AEP) to tonal stimulation (mimicking the same repetition frequency as the FUS stimulation). Off-line changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) associated with thalamic stimulation revealed that the FUS stimulation enhanced connectivity in a network of sensorimotor and sensory integration areas, which lasted for at least more than an hour. Clinical neurological evaluations, EEG, and neuroanatomical MRI did not reveal any adverse or unintended effects of sonication, attesting its safety. These results suggest that FUS stimulation may induce long-term neuroplasticity in humans, indicating its neurotherapeutic potential for various neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel S Weisholtz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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15
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Yüksel MM, Sun S, Latchoumane C, Bloch J, Courtine G, Raffin EE, Hummel FC. Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Stroke Recovery: A Novel Deep Brain Stimulation Approach for Neurorehabilitation? IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 4:300-318. [PMID: 38196977 PMCID: PMC10776095 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2023.3263690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke as the leading cause of adult long-term disability and has a significant impact on patients, society and socio-economics. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) approaches such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) are considered as potential therapeutic options to enhance functional reorganization and augment the effects of neurorehabilitation. However, non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation paradigms are limited by their depth focality trade-off function that does not allow to target deep key brain structures critically important for recovery processes. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging approach for non-invasive deep brain neuromodulation. Using non-ionizing, ultrasonic waves with millimeter-accuracy spatial resolution, excellent steering capacity and long penetration depth, TUS has the potential to serve as a novel non-invasive deep brain stimulation method to establish unprecedented neuromodulation and novel neurorehabilitation protocols. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview on the current knowledge about the neuromodulatory effects of TUS while discussing the potential of TUS in the field of stroke recovery, with respect to existing NIBS methods. We will address and discuss critically crucial open questions and remaining challenges that need to be addressed before establishing TUS as a new clinical neurorehabilitation approach for motor stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Martin Yüksel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneGeneva1201Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation Sion1951Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1011Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)EPFL/CHUV/UNILLausanne1011Switzerland
| | - Charles Latchoumane
- Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1011Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)EPFL/CHUV/UNILLausanne1011Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Bloch
- Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)EPFL/CHUV/UNILLausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of NeurosurgeryLausanne University HospitalLausanne1011Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Courtine
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and the University of Lausanne (UNIL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
- Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies (NeuroRestore)EPFL/CHUV/UNILLausanne1015Switzerland
- Department of NeurosurgeryLausanne University HospitalLausanne1011Switzerland
| | - Estelle Emeline Raffin
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneGeneva1201Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation Sion1951Switzerland
| | - Friedhelm Christoph Hummel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneGeneva1202Switzerland
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation Sion1951Switzerland
- Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of Geneva Medical SchoolGeneva1211Switzerland
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16
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Blackmore DG, Razansky D, Götz J. Ultrasound as a versatile tool for short- and long-term improvement and monitoring of brain function. Neuron 2023; 111:1174-1190. [PMID: 36917978 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Treating the brain with focused ultrasound (FUS) at low intensities elicits diverse responses in neurons, astroglia, and the extracellular matrix. In combination with intravenously injected microbubbles, FUS also opens the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitates focal drug delivery. However, an incompletely understood cellular specificity and a wide parameter space currently limit the optimal application of FUS in preclinical and human studies. In this perspective, we discuss how different FUS modalities can be utilized to achieve short- and long-term improvements, thereby potentially treating brain disorders. We review the ongoing efforts to determine which parameters induce neuronal inhibition versus activation and how mechanoreceptors and signaling cascades are activated to induce long-term changes, including memory improvements. We suggest that optimal FUS treatments may require different FUS modalities and devices, depending on the targeted brain area or local pathology, and will be greatly enhanced by new techniques for monitoring FUS efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Blackmore
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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17
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Kim HC, Lee W, Kowsari K, Weisholtz DS, Yoo SS. Effects of focused ultrasound pulse duration on stimulating cortical and subcortical motor circuits in awake sheep. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278865. [PMID: 36512563 PMCID: PMC9746960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) offers new functional neuromodulation opportunities, enabling stimulation of cortical as well as deep brain areas with high spatial resolution. Brain stimulation of awake sheep, in the absence of the confounding effects of anesthesia on brain function, provides translational insight into potential human applications with safety information supplemented by histological analyses. We examined the effects of tFUS pulsing parameters, particularly regarding pulse durations (PDs), on stimulating the cortical motor area (M1) and its thalamic projection in unanesthetized, awake sheep (n = 8). A wearable tFUS headgear, custom-made for individual sheep, enabled experiments to be conducted without using anesthesia. FUS stimuli, each 200 ms long, were delivered to the M1 and the thalamus using three different PDs (0.5, 1, and 2 ms) with the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) adjusted to maintain a 70% duty cycle at a derated in situ spatial-peak temporal-average intensity (Ispta) of 3.6 W/cm2. Efferent electromyography (EMG) responses to stimulation were quantified from both hind limbs. Group-averaged EMG responses from each of the hind limbs across the experimental conditions revealed selective responses from the hind limb contralateral to sonication. The use of 0.5 and 1 ms PDs generated higher EMG signal amplitudes compared to those obtained using a 2 ms PD. Faster efferent response was also observed from thalamic stimulation than that from stimulating the M1. Post-sonication behavioral observation and histological assessment performed 24 h and 1 month after sonication were not indicative of any abnormalities. The results suggest the presence of pulsing scheme-dependent effects of tFUS on brain stimulation and attest its safety in awake large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kavin Kowsari
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Weisholtz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Luo H, Sigona MK, Manuel TJ, Phipps MA, Chen LM, Caskey CF, Grissom WA. Reduced-field of view three-dimensional MR acoustic radiation force imaging with a low-rank reconstruction for targeting transcranial focused ultrasound. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2419-2431. [PMID: 35916311 PMCID: PMC9529839 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To rapidly image and localize the focus in MR-guided focused ultrasound (FUS) while maintaining a low ultrasound duty cycle to minimize tissue effects. METHODS MR-acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) is key to targeting FUS procedures such as neuromodulation, and works by encoding ultrasound-induced displacements into the phase of MR images. However, it can require long scan times to cover a volume of tissue, especially when minimizing the FUS dose during targeting is paramount. To simultaneously minimize scan time and the FUS duty cycle, a 2-min three-dimensional (3D) reduced-FOV spin echo ARFI scan with two-dimensional undersampling was implemented at 3T with a FUS duty cycle of 0.85%. The 3D k-space sampling scheme incorporated uniform undersampling in one phase-encoded axis and partial Fourier (PF) sampling in the other. The scan interleaved FUS-on and FUS-off data collection to improve displacement map quality via a joint low-rank image reconstruction. Experiments in agarose and graphite phantoms and living macaque brains for neuromodulation and blood-brain barrier opening studied the effects of the sampling and reconstruction strategy on the acquisition, and evaluated its repeatability and accuracy. RESULTS In the phantom, the distances between displacement centroids of 10 prospective reconstructions and a fully sampled reference were below 1 mm. In in vivo brain, the distances between centroids ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 mm. Results in phantom and in vivo brain both showed that the proposed method can recover the FUS focus compared to slower fully sampled scans. CONCLUSION The proposed 3D MR-ARFI reduced-FOV method enables rapid imaging of the FUS focus while maintaining a low FUS duty cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Luo
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle K Sigona
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas J Manuel
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marshal A Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Li M Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William A Grissom
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Mohammadjavadi M, Ash RT, Li N, Gaur P, Kubanek J, Saenz Y, Glover GH, Popelka GR, Norcia AM, Pauly KB. Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation of the thalamic visual pathway in a large animal model and the dose-response relationship with MR-ARFI. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19588. [PMID: 36379960 PMCID: PMC9666449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation of deep brain structures via transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising, but still elusive approach to non-invasive treatment of brain disorders. The purpose of this study was to confirm that MR-guided TUS of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) can modulate visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in the intact large animal; and to study the impact on cortical brain oscillations. The LGN on one side was identified with T2-weighted MRI in sheep (all male, n = 9). MR acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) was used to confirm localization of the targeted area in the brain. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals were recorded, and the visual evoked potential (VEP) peak-to-peak amplitude (N70 and P100) was calculated for each trial. Time-frequency spectral analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of TUS on cortical brain dynamics. The VEP peak-to-peak amplitude was reversibly suppressed relative to baseline during TUS. Dynamic spectral analysis demonstrated a change in cortical oscillations when TUS is paired with visual sensory input. Sonication-associated microscopic displacements, as measured by MR-ARFI, correlated with the TUS-mediated suppression of visual evoked activity. TUS non-invasively delivered to LGN can neuromodulate visual activity and oscillatory dynamics in large mammalian brains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan T Ash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pooja Gaur
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jan Kubanek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yamil Saenz
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary H Glover
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald R Popelka
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Yang PF, Phipps MA, Newton AT, Jonathan S, Manuel TJ, Gore JC, Grissom WA, Caskey CF, Chen LM. Differential dose responses of transcranial focused ultrasound at brain regions indicate causal interactions. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1552-1564. [PMID: 36496128 PMCID: PMC9806861 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that focused ultrasound (FUS) pulses in low pressure range exerted bidirectional and brain state-dependent neuromodulation in the nonhuman primate somatosensory cortices by fMRI. Here we aim to gain insights about the proposed neuron selective modulation of FUS and probe feedforward versus feedback interactions by simultaneously quantifying the stimulus (FUS pressures: 925, 425, 250 kPa) and response (% BOLD fMRI changes) function at the targeted area 3a/3b and off-target cortical areas at 7T. In resting-state, lowered intensities of FUS resulted in decreased fMRI signal changes at the target area 3a/3b and off-target area 1/2, S2, MCC, insula and auditory cortex, and no signal difference in thalamic VPL and MD nuclei. In activated states, concurrent high-intensity FUS significantly enhanced touch-evoked signals in area 1/2. Medium- and low-intensity FUS significantly suppressed touch-evoked BOLD signals in all areas except in the auditory cortex, VPL and MD thalamic nuclei. Distinct state dependent and dose-response curves led us to hypothesize that FUS's neuromodulatory effects may be mediated through preferential activation of different populations of neurons. Area 3a/3b may have distinct causal feedforward and feedback interactions with Area 1/2, S2, MCC, insula, and VPL. FUS offers a noninvasive neural stimulation tool for dissecting brain circuits and probing causal functional connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allen T Newton
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sumeeth Jonathan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Manuel
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William A Grissom
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Li N, Gaur P, Quah K, Pauly KB. Improving in situ acoustic intensity estimates using MR acoustic radiation force imaging in combination with multifrequency MR elastography. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1673-1689. [PMID: 35762849 PMCID: PMC9439407 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) enables focal spot localization during nonablative transcranial ultrasound therapies. As the acoustic radiation force is proportional to the applied acoustic intensity, measured MR-ARFI displacements could potentially be used to estimate the acoustic intensity at the target. However, variable brain stiffness is an obstacle. The goal of this study was to develop and assess a method to accurately estimate the acoustic intensity at the focus using MR-ARFI displacements in combination with viscoelastic properties obtained with multifrequency MR elastography (MRE). METHODS Phantoms with a range of viscoelastic properties were fabricated, and MR-ARFI displacements were acquired within each phantom using multiple acoustic intensities. Voigt model parameters were estimated for each phantom based on storage and loss moduli measured using multifrequency MRE, and these were used to predict the relationship between acoustic intensity and measured displacement. RESULTS Using assumed viscoelastic properties, MR-ARFI displacements alone could not accurately estimate acoustic intensity across phantoms. For example, acoustic intensities were underestimated in phantoms stiffer than the assumed stiffness and overestimated in phantoms softer than the assumed stiffness. This error was greatly reduced using individualized viscoelasticity measurements obtained from MRE. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that viscoelasticity information from MRE could be used in combination with MR-ARFI displacements to obtain more accurate estimates of acoustic intensity. Additionally, Voigt model viscosity parameters were found to be predictive of the relaxation rate of each phantom's time-varying displacement response, which could be used to optimize patient-specific MR-ARFI pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pooja Gaur
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristin Quah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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22
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Radjenovic S, Dörl G, Gaal M, Beisteiner R. Safety of Clinical Ultrasound Neuromodulation. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101277. [PMID: 36291211 PMCID: PMC9599299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound holds much potential as a safe, non-invasive modality for navigated neuromodulation, with low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) and transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) representing the two main modalities. While neuroscientific and preclinical applications have received much interest, clinical applications are still relatively scarce. For safety considerations, the current literature is largely based on guidelines for ultrasound imaging that uses various physical parameters to describe the ultrasound pulse form and expected bioeffects. However, the safety situation for neuromodulation is inherently different. This article provides an overview of relevant ultrasound parameters with a focus on bioeffects relevant for safe clinical applications. Further, a retrospective analysis of safety data for clinical TPS applications in patients is presented.
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23
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Labuda C, Newman WR, Hoffmeister BK, Chambliss CKM. Two-dimensional mapping of the ultrasonic attenuation and speed of sound in brain. ULTRASONICS 2022; 124:106742. [PMID: 35381523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain is inhomogeneous due to its composition of different tissue types (gray and white matter), anatomical structures (e.g. thalamus and cerebellum), and cavities in the brain (ventricles). These inhomogeneities lead to spatial variations in the ultrasonic properties of the organ. The goal of this study is to characterize the spatial variation of the speed of ultrasound and frequency slope of attenuation in fixed sheep brain. 1-cm-thick slices of tissue from the coronal, sagittal and transverse cardinal planes were prepared from 12 brains. Ultrasonic measurements were performed using broadband transducers with center frequencies of 3.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 MHz. By mechanically scanning the transducers over the specimens, two-dimensional maps of the speed of sound (SOS) and frequency slope of attenuation (FSA) were produced. Measured values for the spatial mean and standard deviation of FSA ranged between 0.59 and 0.81 dB/cm·MHz and 0.29-0.60 dB/cm·MHz, respectively, depending on the specimen and transducer frequency. Measured values for the spatial mean and standard deviation of SOS ranged from 1532-1541 m/s and 10-14 m/s, respectively. Detailed, two-dimensional maps of FSA and SOS were produced, representing the first such characterization of the spatial variation of the ultrasonic properties of normal mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecille Labuda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA.
| | - Will R Newman
- Department of Physics, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | | | - Claudia K M Chambliss
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA
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24
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Phipps MA, Jonathan S, Yang PF, Chen LM, Grissom W, Caskey CF. A reduced aperture allows for transcranial focus localization at lower pressure. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2022; 2:062001. [PMID: 35782333 PMCID: PMC9245740 DOI: 10.1121/10.0011695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Localizing the focus during transcranial focused ultrasound procedures is important to ensure accurate targeting of specific brain regions and interpretation of results. Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging uses the displacement induced by the ultrasound focus in the brain to localize the beam, but the high pressure required to displace brain tissue may cause damage or confounds during subsequent neuromodulatory experiments. Here, reduced apertures were applied to a phased array transducer to generate comparable displacement to the full aperture but with 20% lower free field pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anthony Phipps
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sumeeth Jonathan
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA , , , , ,
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William Grissom
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA , , , , ,
| | - Charles F Caskey
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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25
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Cain JA, Spivak NM, Coetzee JP, Crone JS, Johnson MA, Lutkenhoff ES, Real C, Buitrago-Blanco M, Vespa PM, Schnakers C, Monti MM. Ultrasonic Deep Brain Neuromodulation in Acute Disorders of Consciousness: A Proof-of-Concept. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040428. [PMID: 35447960 PMCID: PMC9032970 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The promotion of recovery in patients who have entered a disorder of consciousness (DOC; e.g., coma or vegetative states) following severe brain injury remains an enduring medical challenge despite an ever-growing scientific understanding of these conditions. Indeed, recent work has consistently implicated altered cortical modulation by deep brain structures (e.g., the thalamus and the basal ganglia) following brain damage in the arising of, and recovery from, DOCs. The (re)emergence of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) neuromodulation may provide a means to selectively modulate the activity of deep brain structures noninvasively for the study and treatment of DOCs. This technique is unique in its combination of relatively high spatial precision and noninvasive implementation. Given the consistent implication of the thalamus in DOCs and prior results inducing behavioral recovery through invasive thalamic stimulation, here we applied ultrasound to the central thalamus in 11 acute DOC patients, measured behavioral responsiveness before and after sonication, and applied functional MRI during sonication. With respect to behavioral responsiveness, we observed significant recovery in the week following thalamic LIFU compared with baseline. With respect to functional imaging, we found decreased BOLD signals in the frontal cortex and basal ganglia during LIFU compared with baseline. In addition, we also found a relationship between altered connectivity of the sonicated thalamus and the degree of recovery observed post-LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh A. Cain
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.A.C.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Norman M. Spivak
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (N.M.S.); (C.R.); (M.B.-B.); (P.M.V.)
- UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - John P. Coetzee
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Palo Alto VA Medical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Julia S. Crone
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Micah A. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Evan S. Lutkenhoff
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Courtney Real
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (N.M.S.); (C.R.); (M.B.-B.); (P.M.V.)
| | - Manuel Buitrago-Blanco
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (N.M.S.); (C.R.); (M.B.-B.); (P.M.V.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul M. Vespa
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (N.M.S.); (C.R.); (M.B.-B.); (P.M.V.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caroline Schnakers
- Research Institute, Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare, Pomona, CA 91767, USA;
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.P.C.); (J.S.C.); (M.A.J.); (E.S.L.)
- Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (N.M.S.); (C.R.); (M.B.-B.); (P.M.V.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.C.); (M.M.M.)
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26
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Darmani G, Bergmann T, Butts Pauly K, Caskey C, de Lecea L, Fomenko A, Fouragnan E, Legon W, Murphy K, Nandi T, Phipps M, Pinton G, Ramezanpour H, Sallet J, Yaakub S, Yoo S, Chen R. Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 135:51-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Guo J, Song X, Chen X, Xu M, Ming D. Mathematical Model of Ultrasound Attenuation With Skull Thickness for Transcranial-Focused Ultrasound. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:778616. [PMID: 35250434 PMCID: PMC8891811 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.778616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS) has potential for both neuromodulation and neuroimaging. Due to the influence of head tissue, especially the skull, its attenuation is a key issue affecting precise focusing. The objective of the present study was to construct a mathematical model of ultrasound attenuation inclusive of skull thickness. First, combined with real skull phantom experiments and simulation experiments, tFUS attenuation of different head tissues was investigated. Furthermore, based on the system identification method, a mathematical model of ultrasound attenuation was constructed taking skull thickness into account. Finally, the performance of the mathematical model was tested, and its potential applications were investigated. For different head tissues, including scalp, skull, and brain tissue, the skull was found to be the biggest influencing factor for ultrasound attenuation, the attenuation caused by it being 4.70 times and 7.06 times that of attenuation caused by the brain and scalp, respectively. Consistent with the results of both the simulation and phantom experiments, the attenuation of the mathematical model increased as the skull thickness increased. The average error of the mathematical model was 1.87% in the phantom experiment. In addition, the experimental results show that the devised mathematical model is suitable for different initial pressures and different skulls with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. Both simulation and phantom experiments validated the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model. It can be concluded from this experiment that the proposed mathematical model can accurately calculate the tFUS attenuation and can significantly contribute to further research and application of tFUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande Guo
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xizi Song
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinrui Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Minpeng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Ming,
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28
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Nguyen DT, Berisha DE, Konofagou EE, Dmochowski JP. Neuronal responses to focused ultrasound are gated by pre-stimulation brain rhythms. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:233-243. [PMID: 34990877 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to its high spatial resolution and penetration depth, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is one of the most promising approaches to non-invasive neuromodulation. Identifying the impact of endogenous neural activity on neuromodulation outcome is critical to harnessing the potential of tFUS. OBJECTIVE Here we sought to identify the relationship between pre-stimulation neural activity and the neuronal response to tFUS. METHODS We applied 3 min of continuous-wave tFUS to the hippocampal region of the rat while recording local field potentials (LFP) and multi-unit activity (MUA) from the target. We also tested the application of tFUS but with an air gap separating the transducer and the skull, as well as active stimulation of the contralateral olfactory bulb. RESULTS We observed a modest but significant increase in firing rate during hippocampal tFUS, but not during stimulation of the olfactory bulb or when an air gap was present. Importantly, the observed firing rate increase was significantly modulated by the power of baseline oscillations in the LFP, with low levels of delta (1-3 Hz) and high levels of theta (4-10 Hz) and gamma (30-250 Hz) power producing significantly larger firing rate increases. Firing rate increases were also amplified by a factor of 7× when stimulation was applied during periods of frequent sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that baseline brain rhythms may effectively "gate" the response to tFUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc T Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States
| | - Destiny E Berisha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, United States
| | - Jacek P Dmochowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, United States.
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29
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Qiao Y, Zou C, Wen J, Long X, Cheng C, Yang W, Ye W, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H. MARFit: An integrated software for real-time MR guided focused ultrasound neuromodulation system. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:264-273. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3146286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Folloni D, Fouragnan E, Wittmann MK, Roumazeilles L, Tankelevitch L, Verhagen L, Attali D, Aubry JF, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. Ultrasound modulation of macaque prefrontal cortex selectively alters credit assignment-related activity and behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg7700. [PMID: 34910510 PMCID: PMC8673758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Credit assignment is the association of specific instances of reward to the specific events, such as a particular choice, that caused them. Without credit assignment, choice values reflect an approximate estimate of how good the environment was when the choice was made—the global reward state—rather than exactly which outcome the choice caused. Combined transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) and functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaques demonstrate credit assignment–related activity in prefrontal area 47/12o, and when this signal was disrupted with TUS, choice value representations across the brain were impaired. As a consequence, behavior was no longer guided by choice value, and decision-making was poorer. By contrast, global reward state–related activity in the adjacent anterior insula remained intact and determined decision-making after prefrontal disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elsa Fouragnan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Marco K. Wittmann
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lea Roumazeilles
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lev Tankelevitch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, 6525 HR, Netherlands
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris 15, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 18 Avenue Doyen Lepine, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Matthew F. S. Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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31
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Qiao Y, Li Y, Leng Q, Zhou H, Long X, Lee J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng H, Zou C. Highly accelerated magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging for in vivo transcranial ultrasound focus localization: A comparison of three reconstruction methods. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4598. [PMID: 34396597 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) is a promising tool for transcranial neurosurgery planning and monitoring. However, the ultrasound dose during ARFI is quite high due to the high intensity required and the repetitive ultrasound sonication. To reduce the ultrasound deposition and prevent unwanted neurological effects, undersampling in k-space data acquisition is adopted in the current study. Three reconstruction methods, keyhole, k-space hybrid and temporal differences (TED) compressed sensing, the latter two of which were initially proposed for MR thermometry, were applied to the in vivo transcranial focus localization based on MR-ARFI data in a retrospective way. The accuracies of the three methods were compared with the results from the fully sampled data as reference. The results showed that the keyhole method tended to smooth the displacement map and underestimate the peak displacement. The K-space hybrid method was better at recovering the displacement map and was robust to the undersampling pattern, while the TED method was more time efficient under a higher image resolution. For an image of a lower resolution, the K-space hybrid and TED methods were comparable in terms of accuracy when a high undersampling rate was applied. The results reported here facilitate the choice of appropriate undersampled reconstruction methods in transcranial focal localization based on MR-ARFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Qiao
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingpu Leng
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jo Lee
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Kim HC, Lee W, Kunes J, Yoon K, Lee JE, Foley L, Kowsari K, Yoo SS. Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates cortical and thalamic motor activity in awake sheep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19274. [PMID: 34588588 PMCID: PMC8481295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial application of pulsed low-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) modulates the excitability of region-specific brain areas, and anesthetic confounders on brain activity warrant the evaluation of the technique in awake animals. We examined the neuromodulatory effects of FUS in unanesthetized sheep by developing a custom-fit headgear capable of reproducibly placing an acoustic focus on the unilateral motor cortex (M1) and corresponding thalamic area. The efferent responses to sonication, based on the acoustic parameters previously identified in anesthetized sheep, were measured using electromyography (EMG) from both hind limbs across three experimental conditions: on-target sonication, off-target sonication, and without sonication. Excitatory sonication yielded greater amplitude of EMG signals obtained from the hind limb contralateral to sonication than that from the ipsilateral limb. Spurious appearance of motion-related EMG signals limited the amount of analyzed data (~ 10% selection of acquired data) during excitatory sonication, and the averaged EMG response rates elicited by the M1 and thalamic stimulations were 7.5 ± 1.4% and 6.7 ± 1.5%, respectively. Suppressive sonication, while sheep walked on the treadmill, temporarily reduced the EMG amplitude from the limb contralateral to sonication. No significant change was found in the EMG amplitudes during the off-target sonication. Behavioral observation throughout the study and histological analysis showed no sign of brain tissue damage caused by the acoustic stimulation. Marginal response rates observed during excitatory sonication call for technical refinement to reduce motion artifacts during EMG acquisitions as well as acoustic aberration correction schemes to improve spatial accuracy of sonication. Yet, our results indicate that low-intensity FUS modulated the excitability of regional brain tissues reversibly and safely in awake sheep, supporting its potential in theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Kunes
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyungho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lori Foley
- Translational Discovery Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavin Kowsari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zhang T, Pan N, Wang Y, Liu C, Hu S. Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Review of the Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects on Brain Activity in Human and Animals. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:749162. [PMID: 34650419 PMCID: PMC8507972 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.749162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive neuromodulation technology is important for the treatment of brain diseases. The effects of focused ultrasound on neuronal activity have been investigated since the 1920s. Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) can exert non-destructive mechanical pressure effects on cellular membranes and ion channels and has been shown to modulate the activity of peripheral nerves, spinal reflexes, the cortex, and even deep brain nuclei, such as the thalamus. It has obvious advantages in terms of security and spatial selectivity. This technology is considered to have broad application prospects in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders. This review synthesizes animal and human research outcomes and offers an integrated description of the excitatory and inhibitory effects of tFUS in varying experimental and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Na Pan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Institute of Sleep and Consciousness Disorders, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
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Klink PC, Aubry JF, Ferrera VP, Fox AS, Froudist-Walsh S, Jarraya B, Konofagou EE, Krauzlis RJ, Messinger A, Mitchell AS, Ortiz-Rios M, Oya H, Roberts AC, Roe AW, Rushworth MFS, Sallet J, Schmid MC, Schroeder CE, Tasserie J, Tsao DY, Uhrig L, Vanduffel W, Wilke M, Kagan I, Petkov CI. Combining brain perturbation and neuroimaging in non-human primates. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118017. [PMID: 33794355 PMCID: PMC11178240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain perturbation studies allow detailed causal inferences of behavioral and neural processes. Because the combination of brain perturbation methods and neural measurement techniques is inherently challenging, research in humans has predominantly focused on non-invasive, indirect brain perturbations, or neurological lesion studies. Non-human primates have been indispensable as a neurobiological system that is highly similar to humans while simultaneously being more experimentally tractable, allowing visualization of the functional and structural impact of systematic brain perturbation. This review considers the state of the art in non-human primate brain perturbation with a focus on approaches that can be combined with neuroimaging. We consider both non-reversible (lesions) and reversible or temporary perturbations such as electrical, pharmacological, optical, optogenetic, chemogenetic, pathway-selective, and ultrasound based interference methods. Method-specific considerations from the research and development community are offered to facilitate research in this field and support further innovations. We conclude by identifying novel avenues for further research and innovation and by highlighting the clinical translational potential of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christiaan Klink
- Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Vincent P Ferrera
- Department of Neuroscience & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology & California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Béchir Jarraya
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France; Foch Hospital, UVSQ, Suresnes, France
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Ultrasound and Elasticity Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Krauzlis
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam Messinger
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ortiz-Rios
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Oya
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA
| | - Angela C Roberts
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | | | - Jérôme Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208 Bron, France; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Christoph Schmid
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordy Tasserie
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Doris Y Tsao
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Uhrig
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Neurosciences Department, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven Belgium; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Melanie Wilke
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Kagan
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Dai J, He Z, Fang G, Wang X, Li Y, Cheung CL, Liang L, Iordachita I, Chang HC, Kwok KW. A Robotic Platform to Navigate MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound System. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3068953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stern JM, Spivak NM, Becerra SA, Kuhn TP, Korb AS, Kronemyer D, Khanlou N, Reyes SD, Monti MM, Schnakers C, Walshaw P, Keselman I, Cohen MS, Yong W, Fried I, Jordan SE, Schafer ME, Engel J, Bystritsky A. Safety of focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans with temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1022-1031. [PMID: 34198105 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising new potential neuromodulation tool. However, the safety of tFUS neuromodulation has not yet been assessed adequately. Patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy electing to undergo an anterior temporal lobe resection present a unique opportunity to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tFUS neuromodulation. Histological changes in tissue after tFUS can be examined after surgical resection, while further potential safety concerns can be assessed using neuropsychological testing. METHODS Neuropsychological functions were assessed in eight patients before and after focused ultrasound sonication of the temporal lobe at intensities up to 5760 mW/cm2. Using the BrainSonix Pulsar 1002, tFUS was delivered under MR guidance, using the Siemens Magnetom 3T Prisma scanner. Neuropsychological changes were assessed using various batteries. Histological changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, among others. RESULTS With respect to safety, the histological analysis did not reveal any detectable damage to the tissue, except for one subject for whom the histology findings were inconclusive. In addition, neuropsychological testing did not show any statistically significant changes in any test, except for a slight decrease in performance on one of the tests after tFUS. SIGNIFICANCE This study supports the hypothesis that low-intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) used for neuromodulation of brain circuits at intensities up to 5760 mW/cm2 may be safe for use in human research. However, due to methodological limitations in this study and inconclusive findings, more work is warranted to establish the safety. Future directions include greater number of sonications as well as longer exposure at higher intensity levels to further assess the safety of tFUS for modulation of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Stern
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Norman M Spivak
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sergio A Becerra
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Taylor P Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alexander S Korb
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; BrainSonix Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Kronemyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Négar Khanlou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Samuel D Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and Science, USA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, USA
| | | | - Patricia Walshaw
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Inna Keselman
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA College of Letters and Science, USA; Department of Radiology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biomedical Physics, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Bioengineering, UCLA School of Engineering, USA; California Nanosystems Institute, UCLA, USA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, USA
| | - William Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
| | - Itzhak Fried
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, USA
| | - Sheldon E Jordan
- Neurology Management Associates- Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Schafer
- BrainSonix Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome Engel
- Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurobiology, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; Brain Research Institute, UCLA, USA
| | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, USA; BrainSonix Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Tarnaud T, Joseph W, Schoeters R, Martens L, Tanghe E. Membrane Charge Oscillations During Ultrasonic Neuromodulation by Intramembrane Cavitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:2892-2903. [PMID: 34086559 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3086594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the importance of membrane charge oscillations and redistribution in multi-compartmental ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) intramembrane cavitation models. METHODS The Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation Excitation (NICE) model and multiScale Optimized model of Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation (SONIC) of UNMOD are compared for a nanoscale multi-compartmental and point neuron approximation of the bilayer sonophore and surrounding proteins. The temporal dynamics of charge oscillations and their effect on the resulting voltage oscillations are investigated by fourier series analysis. RESULTS Comparison of excitation thresholds and neuronal response between nanoscale multi-compartmental and point models, implemented in the SONIC and NICE framework, demonstrates that the explicit modeling of fast spatial charge redistribution is critical for an accurate multi-compartmental UNMOD-model. Furthermore, the importance of modeling partial protein coverage is quantified by the excitability thresholds. Subsequently, we establish by fourier analysis that these charge oscillations are slowly changing in time. CONCLUSION Fast charge redistribution significantly alters neuronal excitability in a multi-compartmental nanoscale UNMOD-model. Also the mutual exclusivity between protein and sonophore coverage should be taken into account, when simulating the dependency of neuronal excitability on coverage fractions. Charge oscillations are periodic and their fourier components change on a slow timescale. Furthermore, the resulting voltage oscillations decrease in energy with overtone number, implying that an extension of the existing multiscale model (SONIC) to multi-compartmental neurons is possible by taking into account a limited number of fourier components. SIGNIFICANCE First steps are taken towards a morphologically realistic and computationally efficient UNMOD-model, improving our understanding of the underlying ultrasonic neuromodulation mechanisms.
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Shi C, Andino-Pavlovsky V, Lee SA, Costa T, Elloian J, Konofagou EE, Shepard KL. Application of a sub-0.1-mm 3 implantable mote for in vivo real-time wireless temperature sensing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabf6312. [PMID: 33962948 PMCID: PMC8104878 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in wireless, miniaturized implantable medical devices for in vivo and in situ physiological monitoring. Here, we present such an implant that uses a conventional ultrasound imager for wireless powering and data communication and acts as a probe for real-time temperature sensing, including the monitoring of body temperature and temperature changes resulting from therapeutic application of ultrasound. The sub-0.1-mm3, sub-1-nW device, referred to as a mote, achieves aggressive miniaturization through the monolithic integration of a custom low-power temperature sensor chip with a microscale piezoelectric transducer fabricated on top of the chip. The small displaced volume of these motes allows them to be implanted or injected using minimally invasive techniques with improved biocompatibility. We demonstrate their sensing functionality in vivo for an ultrasound neurostimulation procedure in mice. Our motes have the potential to be adapted to the distributed and localized sensing of other clinically relevant physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Stephen A Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tiago Costa
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Elloian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Lee W, Weisholtz DS, Strangman GE, Yoo SS. Safety Review and Perspectives of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Brain Stimulation. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2021; 14:e4. [PMID: 36742103 PMCID: PMC9879416 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is an important theragnostic modality in modern medicine. Technical advancement of both acoustic focusing and transcranial delivery have enabled administration of ultrasound waves to localized brain areas with few millimeters of spatial specificity and penetration depth sufficient to reach the thalamus. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) given at a low acoustic intensity has been shown to increase or suppress the excitability of region-specific brain areas. The neuromodulatory effects can outlast the sonication, suggesting the possibility of inducing neural plasticity needed for neurorehabilitation. Increasing numbers of studies have shown the efficacy and excellent safety profile of the technique, yet comparisons among the safety-related parameters have not been compiled. This review aims to provide safety information and perspectives of tFUS brain stimulation. First, the acoustic parameters most relevant to thermal/mechanical tissue damage are discussed along with regulated parameters for existing ultrasound therapies/diagnostic imaging. Subsequently, the parameters used in studies of large animals, non-human primates, and humans are surveyed and summarized in terms of the acoustic intensity and the mechanical index. The pulse-mode operation and the use of low ultrasound frequency for tFUS-mediated brain stimulation warrant the establishment of new safety guidelines/recommendations for the use of the technique among healthy volunteers, with additional cautionary requirements for its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel S. Weisholtz
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary E. Strangman
- Neural Systems Group, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Fomenko A, Chen KHS, Nankoo JF, Saravanamuttu J, Wang Y, El-Baba M, Xia X, Seerala SS, Hynynen K, Lozano AM, Chen R. Systematic examination of low-intensity ultrasound parameters on human motor cortex excitability and behavior. eLife 2020; 9:e54497. [PMID: 33236981 PMCID: PMC7728443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound (TUS) can non-invasively modulate human neural activity. We investigated how different fundamental sonication parameters influence the effects of TUS on the motor cortex (M1) of 16 healthy subjects by probing cortico-cortical excitability and behavior. A low-intensity 500 kHz TUS transducer was coupled to a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil. TMS was delivered 10 ms before the end of TUS to the left M1 hotspot of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. Varying acoustic parameters (pulse repetition frequency, duty cycle, and sonication duration) on motor-evoked potential amplitude were examined. Paired-pulse measures of cortical inhibition and facilitation, and performance on a visuomotor task was also assessed. TUS safely suppressed TMS-elicited motor cortical activity, with longer sonication durations and shorter duty cycles when delivered in a blocked paradigm. TUS increased GABAA-mediated short-interval intracortical inhibition and decreased reaction time on visuomotor task but not when controlled with TUS at near-somatosensory threshold intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Fomenko
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu BranchHsin-ChuTaiwan
| | | | | | - Yanqiu Wang
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Mazen El-Baba
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Xue Xia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | | | | | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health NetworkTorontoCanada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
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Rabut C, Yoo S, Hurt RC, Jin Z, Li H, Guo H, Ling B, Shapiro MG. Ultrasound Technologies for Imaging and Modulating Neural Activity. Neuron 2020; 108:93-110. [PMID: 33058769 PMCID: PMC7577369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing and perturbing neural activity on a brain-wide scale in model animals and humans is a major goal of neuroscience technology development. Established electrical and optical techniques typically break down at this scale due to inherent physical limitations. In contrast, ultrasound readily permeates the brain, and in some cases the skull, and interacts with tissue with a fundamental resolution on the order of 100 μm and 1 ms. This basic ability has motivated major efforts to harness ultrasound as a modality for large-scale brain imaging and modulation. These efforts have resulted in already-useful neuroscience tools, including high-resolution hemodynamic functional imaging, focused ultrasound neuromodulation, and local drug delivery. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs promise to connect ultrasound to neurons at the genetic level for biomolecular imaging and sonogenetic control. In this article, we review the state of the art and ongoing developments in ultrasonic neurotechnology, building from fundamental principles to current utility, open questions, and future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rabut
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sangjin Yoo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Hurt
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyang Jin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongyi Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Bill Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Tarnaud T, Joseph W, Schoeters R, Martens L, Tanghe E. SECONIC: Towards multi-compartmental models for ultrasonic brain stimulation by intramembrane cavitation. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:056010. [PMID: 33043898 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abb73d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design a computationally efficient model for ultrasonic neuromodulation (UNMOD) of morphologically realistic multi-compartmental neurons based on intramembrane cavitation. APPROACH A Spatially Extended Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation model that accurately predicts observed fast Charge Oscillations (SECONIC) is designed. A regular spiking cortical Hodgkin-Huxley type nanoscale neuron model of the bilayer sonophore and surrounding proteins is used. The accuracy and computational efficiency of SECONIC is compared with the Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation Excitation (NICE) and multiScale Optimized model of Neuronal Intramembrane Cavitation (SONIC). MAIN RESULTS Membrane charge redistribution between different compartments should be taken into account via fourier series analysis in an accurate multi-compartmental UNMOD-model. Approximating charge and voltage traces with the harmonic term and first two overtones results in reasonable goodness-of-fit, except for high ultrasonic pressure (adjusted R-squared ≥0.61). Taking into account the first eight overtones results in a very good fourier series fit (adjusted R-squared ≥0.96) up to 600 kPa. Next, the dependency of effective voltage and rate parameters on charge oscillations is investigated. The two-tone SECONIC-model is one to two orders of magnitude faster than the NICE-model and demonstrates accurate results for ultrasonic pressure up to 100 kPa. SIGNIFICANCE Up to now, the underlying mechanism of UNMOD is not well understood. Here, the extension of the bilayer sonophore model to spatially extended neurons via the design of a multi-compartmental UNMOD-model, will result in more detailed predictions that can be used to validate or falsify this tentative mechanism. Furthermore, a multi-compartmental model for UNMOD is required for neural engineering studies that couple finite difference time domain simulations with neuronal models. Here, we propose the SECONIC-model, extending the SONIC-model by taking into account charge redistribution between compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tarnaud
- Department of Information Technology (INTEC-WAVES/IMEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Technologypark 126, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Zhang L, Liu X, Gao L, Ji Y, Wang L, Zhang C, Dai L, Liu J, Ji Z. Activation of Piezo1 by ultrasonic stimulation and its effect on the permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110796. [PMID: 33152952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The acoustic radiation forces produced by ultrasonic stimulation induce shear stress on objects in the acoustic field. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel protein that is expressed on the plasma membranes of vertebrate cells, can sense shear stress and transduce it into downstream signaling. In this study, we examined the sensitivity of Piezo1 to ultrasonic stimulation and assessed its downstream biological functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Ultrasonic stimulation using a stimulation power of 0.2 W and a frequency of 1 MHz for 10 s did not induce cell damage. However, ultrasonic stimulation induced an influx of calcium ions, which increased with an increase in the stimulation duration. Knockdown of Piezo1 protein decreased the influx of calcium ions during ultrasonic stimulation, which demonstrated that Piezo1 may be activated by the shear stress produced by ultrasonic stimulation. The influx of calcium ions in response to ultrasonic stimulation could be modulated by the Piezo1 protein level. Additionally, ultrasonic stimulation reduced the levels of downstream factors such as MLCK and ATP, which are involved in the Ca2+/CaM/MLCK pathway, by suppressing Piezo1. As the Ca2+/CaM/MLCK pathway influences the permeability of the cell membrane, the internalization of FITC-Dextran into cells under ultrasonic stimulation was validated. Ultrasonic stimulation was demonstrated to promote the increase in cell permeability, and the suppression of Piezo1 was shown to induce the decrease in cell permeability. Therefore, this study shows that ultrasonic stimulation may modulate the permeability of the membrane of HUVECs by modulating the expression of Piezo1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lu Gao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yun Ji
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Can Zhang
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liping Dai
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Pouget P, Frey S, Ahnine H, Attali D, Claron J, Constans C, Aubry JF, Arcizet F. Neuronavigated Repetitive Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Induces Long-Lasting and Reversible Effects on Oculomotor Performance in Non-human Primates. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1042. [PMID: 32973560 PMCID: PMC7466663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the late 2010s, Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS) has been used experimentally to carryout safe, non-invasive stimulation of the brain with better spatial resolution than Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This innovative stimulation method has emerged as a novel and valuable device for studying brain function in humans and animals. In particular, single pulses of TUS directed to oculomotor regions have been shown to modulate visuomotor behavior of non-human primates during 100 ms ultrasound pulses. In the present study, a sustained effect was induced by applying 20-s trains of neuronavigated repetitive Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (rTUS) to oculomotor regions of the frontal cortex in three non-human primates performing an antisaccade task. With the help of MRI imaging and a frame-less stereotactic neuronavigation system (SNS), we were able to demonstrate that neuronavigated TUS (outside of the MRI scanner) is an efficient tool to carry out neuromodulation procedures in non-human primates. We found that, following neuronavigated rTUS, saccades were significantly modified, resulting in shorter latencies compared to no-rTUS trials. This behavioral modulation was maintained for up to 20 min. Oculomotor behavior returned to baseline after 18-31 min and could not be significantly distinguished from the no-rTUS condition. This study is the first to show that neuronavigated rTUS can have a persistent effect on monkey behavior with a quantified return-time to baseline. The specificity of the effects could not be explained by auditory confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Pouget
- Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UMRS 975 Inserm, CNRS 7225, UMPC, Paris, France
| | | | - Harry Ahnine
- Institute of Brain and Spinal Cord, UMRS 975 Inserm, CNRS 7225, UMPC, Paris, France
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Inserm U1266, Team Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Paris, France.,GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Site Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Julien Claron
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Constans
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Arcizet
- Institut de la Vision CNRS, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Zou J, Meng L, Lin Z, Qiao Y, Tie C, Wang Y, Huang X, Yuan T, Chi Y, Meng W, Niu L, Guo Y, Zheng H. Ultrasound Neuromodulation Inhibits Seizures in Acute Epileptic Monkeys. iScience 2020; 23:101066. [PMID: 32361593 PMCID: PMC7200788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound stimulation has recently emerged as a non-invasive method for modulating brain activity in animal and human studies with healthy subjects. Whether brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and depression can be treated using ultrasound stimulation still needs to be explored. Recent studies have reported that ultrasound stimulation suppressed epileptic seizures in a rodent model of epilepsy. These findings raise the crucial question of whether ultrasound stimulation can inhibit seizures in non-human primates with epilepsy. Here, we addressed this critical question. We confirmed that ultrasound stimulation significantly reduced the frequency of seizures in acute epileptic monkeys. Furthermore, the results showed that the number and duration of seizures were reduced, whereas the inter-seizure interval was increased after ultrasound stimulation. Besides, no significant brain tissue damage was observed by T2-weighted MR imaging. Our results are of great importance for future clinical applications of ultrasound neuromodulation in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zou
- The National Key Clinic Specialty The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Meng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yangzi Qiao
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changjun Tie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tifei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yajie Chi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangzhou 528300, China
| | - Wen Meng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yanwu Guo
- The National Key Clinic Specialty The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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