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Lasogga L, Gramegna C, Müller D, Habel U, Mehler DMA, Gur RC, Weidler C. Meta-analysis of variance in tDCS effects on response inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19197. [PMID: 39160262 PMCID: PMC11333595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in response inhibition are associated with numerous mental health conditions, warranting innovative treatments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, modulates cortical excitability and has shown promise in improving response inhibition. However, tDCS effects on response inhibition often yield contradictory findings. Previous research emphasized the importance of inter-individual factors that are mostly ignored in conventional meta-analyses of mean effects. We aimed to fill this gap and promote the complementary use of the coefficient of variation ratio and standardized mean effects. The systematic literature search included single-session and sham-controlled tDCS studies utilizing stop-signal task or Go-NoGo tasks, analyzing 88 effect sizes from 53 studies. Considering the impact of inter-individual factors, we hypothesized that variances increase in the active versus sham tDCS. However, the results showed that variances between both groups did not differ. Additionally, analyzing standardized mean effects supported previous research showing an improvement in the stop-signal task but not in the Go-NoGo task following active tDCS. These findings suggest that inter-individual differences do not increase variances in response inhibition, implying that the heterogeneity cannot be attributed to higher variance in response inhibition during and after active tDCS. Furthermore, methodological considerations are crucial for tDCS efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lasogga
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- , Office 117, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Chiara Gramegna
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Dario Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52438, Jülich, Germany
| | - David M A Mehler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carmen Weidler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Akil AM, Cserjési R, Nagy T, Demetrovics Z, Németh D, Logemann HNA. The relationship between frontal alpha asymmetry and behavioral and brain activity indices of reactive inhibitory control. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:362-374. [PMID: 38863426 PMCID: PMC11302602 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00046.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive inhibitory control plays an important role in phenotype of different diseases/different phases of a disease. One candidate electrophysiological marker of inhibitory control is frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). FAA reflects the relative difference in contralateral frontal brain activity. However, the relationship between FAA and potential behavioral/brain activity indices of reactive inhibitory control is not yet clear. We assessed the relationship between resting-state FAA and indicators of reactive inhibitory control. Additionally, we investigated the effect of modulation of FAA via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We implemented a randomized sham-controlled design with 65 healthy humans (Mage = 23.93, SDage = 6.08; 46 female). Before and after 2-mA anodal tDCS of the right frontal site (with the cathode at the contralateral site) for 20 min, we collected EEG data and reactive inhibitory performance in neutral and food-reward conditions, using the stop signal task (SST). There was no support for the effect of tDCS on FAA or any indices of reactive inhibitory control. Our correlation analysis revealed an association between inhibitory brain activity in the food-reward condition and (pre-tDCS) asymmetry. Higher right relative to left frontal brain activity was correlated with reduced early-onset inhibitory activity and, in contrast, linked with higher late-onset inhibitory control in the food-reward condition. Similarly, event-related potential analyses showed reduced early-onset and enhanced late-onset inhibitory brain activity over time, particularly in the food-reward condition. These results suggest that there can be a dissociation regarding the lateralization of frontal brain activity and early- and late-onset inhibitory brain activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research reveals dissociation between baseline frontal alpha asymmetry and the timing of reactive inhibitory brain activities in food-reward contexts. Whereas inhibitory control performance decreases over time in a stop signal task, electrophysiological indices show reduced early- and heightened late-onset inhibitory brain activity, especially in the reward condition. Additionally, greater right frontal activity correlates with reduced early-onset and increased late-onset inhibitory brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan M Akil
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Renáta Cserjési
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dezső Németh
- INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
- NAP Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - H N Alexander Logemann
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Istomina A, Arsalidou M. Add, subtract and multiply: Meta-analyses of brain correlates of arithmetic operations in children and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101419. [PMID: 39098250 PMCID: PMC11342769 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mathematical operations are cognitive actions we take to calculate relations among numbers. Arithmetic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are elemental in education. Addition is the first one taught in school and is most popular in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Division, typically taught last is least studied with fMRI. fMRI meta-analyses show that arithmetic operations activate brain areas in parietal, cingulate and insular cortices for children and adults. Critically, no meta-analysis examines concordance across brain correlates of separate arithmetic operations in children and adults. We review and examine using quantitative meta-analyses data from fMRI articles that report brain coordinates separately for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in children and adults. Results show that arithmetic operations elicit common areas of concordance in fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks in adults and children. Between operations differences are observed primarily for adults. Interestingly, higher within-group concordance, expressed in activation likelihood estimates, is found in brain areas associated with the cingulo-opercular network rather than the fronto-parietal network in children, areas also common between adults and children. Findings are discussed in relation to constructivist cognitive theory and practical directions for future research.
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Santander T, Leslie S, Li LJ, Skinner HE, Simonson JM, Sweeney P, Deen KP, Miller MB, Brunye TT. Towards optimized methodological parameters for maximizing the behavioral effects of transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1305446. [PMID: 39015825 PMCID: PMC11250584 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1305446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administers low-intensity direct current electrical stimulation to brain regions via electrodes arranged on the surface of the scalp. The core promise of tDCS is its ability to modulate brain activity and affect performance on diverse cognitive functions (affording causal inferences regarding regional brain activity and behavior), but the optimal methodological parameters for maximizing behavioral effects remain to be elucidated. Here we sought to examine the effects of 10 stimulation and experimental design factors across a series of five cognitive domains: motor performance, visual search, working memory, vigilance, and response inhibition. The objective was to identify a set of optimal parameter settings that consistently and reliably maximized the behavioral effects of tDCS within each cognitive domain. Methods We surveyed tDCS effects on these various cognitive functions in healthy young adults, ultimately resulting in 721 effects across 106 published reports. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regression models were fit to characterize how (and to what extent) these design parameters differentially predict the likelihood of positive/negative behavioral outcomes. Results Consistent with many previous meta-analyses of tDCS effects, extensive variability was observed across tasks and measured outcomes. Consequently, most design parameters did not confer consistent advantages or disadvantages to behavioral effects-a domain-general model suggested an advantage to using within-subjects designs (versus between-subjects) and the tendency for cathodal stimulation (relative to anodal stimulation) to produce reduced behavioral effects, but these associations were scarcely-evident in domain-specific models. Discussion These findings highlight the urgent need for tDCS studies to more systematically probe the effects of these parameters on behavior to fulfill the promise of identifying causal links between brain function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Santander
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Sara Leslie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Luna J. Li
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Henri E. Skinner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica M. Simonson
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn P. Deen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunye
- U. S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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Balboa-Bandeira Y, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, García-Guerrero MA, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Ojeda N, Peña J. Enhancement of phonemic verbal fluency in multilingual young adults by transcranial random noise stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 198:108882. [PMID: 38599569 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have analyzed the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on verbal fluency tasks in non-clinical populations. Nevertheless, the reported effects on verbal fluency are inconsistent. In addition, the effect of other techniques such as transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) on verbal fluency enhancement has yet to be studied in healthy multilingual populations. This study aims to explore the effects of tRNS on verbal fluency in healthy multilingual individuals. Fifty healthy multilingual (Spanish, English and Basque) adults were randomly assigned to a tRNS or sham group. Electrodes were placed on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus. All participants performed phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks before, during (online assessment) and immediately after (offline assessment) stimulation in three different languages. The results showed significantly better performance by participants who received tRNS in the phonemic verbal fluency tasks in Spanish (in the online and offline assessment) and English (in the offline assessment). No differences between conditions were found in Basque nor semantic verbal fluency. These findings suggests that tRNS on the left prefrontal cortex could help improve phonemic, yet not semantic, fluency in healthy multilingual adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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Ester-Nacke T, Berti K, Veit R, Dannecker C, Salvador R, Ruffini G, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, Plewnia C, Preissl H, Kullmann S. Network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation of the hypothalamus appetite-control network: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11341. [PMID: 38762574 PMCID: PMC11102513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the key regulator for energy homeostasis and is functionally connected to striatal and cortical regions vital for the inhibitory control of appetite. Hence, the ability to non-invasively modulate the hypothalamus network could open new ways for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we tested a novel method for network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation (net-tDCS) to influence the excitability of brain regions involved in the control of appetite. Based on the resting-state functional connectivity map of the hypothalamus, a 12-channel net-tDCS protocol was generated (Neuroelectrics Starstim system), which included anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation. Ten participants with overweight or obesity were enrolled in a sham-controlled, crossover study. During stimulation or sham control, participants completed a stop-signal task to measure inhibitory control. Overall, stimulation was well tolerated. Anodal net-tDCS resulted in faster stop signal reaction time (SSRT) compared to sham (p = 0.039) and cathodal net-tDCS (p = 0.042). Baseline functional connectivity of the target network correlated with SSRT after anodal compared to sham stimulation (p = 0.016). These preliminary data indicate that modulating hypothalamus functional network connectivity via net-tDCS may result in improved inhibitory control. Further studies need to evaluate the effects on eating behavior and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester-Nacke
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Dannecker
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
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Wang Y, Wu D, Sun K, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xiao W. The Effect of Rhythmic Audio-Visual Stimulation on Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:506. [PMID: 38790484 PMCID: PMC11119230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control, as an essential cognitive ability, affects the development of higher cognitive functions. Rhythmic perceptual stimulation has been used to improve cognitive abilities. It is unclear, however, whether it can be used to improve inhibitory control. This study used the Go/NoGo task and the Stroop task to assess various levels of inhibitory control using rhythmic audio-visual stimuli as the stimulus mode. Sixty subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and white noise stimulation for 30 min. Two tasks were completed by each subject both before and after the stimulus. Before and after the task, closed-eye resting EEG data were collected. The results showed no differences in behavioral and EEG measures of the Go/NoGo task among the three groups. While both 6 Hz and 10 Hz audio-visual stimulation reduced the conflict effect in the Stroop task, only 6 Hz audio-visual stimulation improved the amplitude of the N2 component and decreased the conflict score. Although rhythmic audio-visual stimulation did not enhance response inhibition, it improved conflict inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.W.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
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8
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Chen L, Deng Z, Asamoah B, Laughlin MM. Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:648-659. [PMID: 38740183 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), and not the electric field in the brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus that controls noradrenaline release across brain regions, including hippocampus. However, the effects of TN direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) are currently not well understood. HYPOTHESIS In this study we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of the trigeminal nerve with direct current manipulates hippocampal activity via an LC pathway. METHODS We recorded neural activity in rat hippocampus using multichannel silicon probes. We applied 3 min of 0.25 mA or 1 mA TN-DCS, monitored hippocampal activity for up to 1 h and calculated spikes-rate and spike-field coherence metrics. Subcutaneous injections of xylocaine were used to block TN, while intraperitoneal and intracerebral injection of clonidine were used to block the LC pathway. RESULTS We found that 1 mA TN-DCS caused a significant increase in hippocampal spike-rate lasting 45 min in addition to significant changes in spike-field coherence, while 0.25 mA TN-DCS did not. TN blockage prevented spike-rate increases, confirming effects were not caused by the electric field in the brain. When 1 mA TN-DCS was delivered during clonidine blockage no increase in spike-rate was observed, suggesting an important role for the LC-noradrenergic pathway. CONCLUSION These results support our hypothesis and provide a neural basis to understand the tDCS TN co-stimulation mechanism. TN-DCS emerges as an important tool to potentially modulate learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Chen
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhengdao Deng
- Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boateng Asamoah
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myles Mc Laughlin
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, The Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Cai B, Tang J, Sang H, Zhang Z, Wang A. Differential effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on attentional guidance by working memory in males with substance use disorder according to memory modality. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106149. [PMID: 38579372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Information stored in working memory can guide perception selection, and this process is modulated by cognitive control. Although previous studies have demonstrated that neurostimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) contributes to restore cognitive control among individuals with substance use disorder (SUD), there remains an open question about the potential stimulation effects on memory-driven attention. To address this issue, the present study adopted a combined working memory/attention paradigm while employing high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) to stimulate the lDLPFC. Observers were asked to maintain visual or audiovisual information in memory while executing a search task, while the validity of the memory contents for the subsequent search task could be either invalid or neutral. The results showed a faint memory-driven attentional suppression effect in sham stimulation only under the audiovisual condition. Moreover, anodal HD-tDCS facilitated attentional suppression effect in both the strength and temporal dynamics under the visual-only condition, whereas the effect was impaired or unchanged under the audiovisual condition. Surprisingly, cathodal HD-tDCS selectively improved temporal dynamics of the attentional suppression effect under the audiovisual condition. The present study revealed the differential enhancement of HD-tDCS on cognitive control over visual and audiovisual memory-driven attention among individuals with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biye Cai
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- Taihu Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center in Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanbin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Child Cognition & Behavior Development of Hainan Province, Haikou, China; School of Teacher Education, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, China.
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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10
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Aksu S, Soyata AZ, Şeker S, Akkaya G, Yılmaz Y, Kafalı T, Evren C, Umut G. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training improves decision making and executive functions in opioid use disorder: a triple-blind sham-controlled pilot study. J Addict Dis 2024; 42:154-165. [PMID: 36861945 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2023.2168991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic disorder with a considerable amount of morbidity and mortality. Despite remarkable improvement achieved by maintenance programs, an array of treatment goals were still unmet. Mounting evidence suggests that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) improves decision making and cognitive functions in addictive disorders. tDCS paired with a decision making task was depicted to diminish impulsivity as well. The present study aimed to assess the effect of tDCS combined with cognitive training (CT) in OUD for the first time. In this triple-blind randomized sham-controlled pilot study, 38 individuals with OUD from the Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance Therapy program were administered 20-minutes of 2 mA active/sham tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with concomitant cognitive training. A selected test battery evaluating decision making under risk and ambiguity as well as executive functions, verbal fluency and working memory was utilized before and after the intervention. Greater improvements were observed in decision making under ambiguity (p = 0.016), set shifting ability and alternating fluency while no improvements were observed in decision making under risk in the active group, compared to sham. Deficits of decision making and executive functions have a pivotal role in the perpetuation and the relapse of the OUD. Alleviation of these impairments brought tDCS/CT forth as an expedient neuroscientifically-grounded treatment option that merits further exploration in OUD, Trial registration: NCT05568251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Aksu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Zihni Soyata
- Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Başakşehir State Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sercan Şeker
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gözde Akkaya
- Department of Child Development, Istanbul Topkapı University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yılmaz
- Department of Psychology, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kafalı
- Department of Psychology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Evren
- Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Umut
- Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Turkey, Istanbul
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11
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Kaup B, Ulrich R, Bausenhart KM, Bryce D, Butz MV, Dignath D, Dudschig C, Franz VH, Friedrich C, Gawrilow C, Heller J, Huff M, Hütter M, Janczyk M, Leuthold H, Mallot H, Nürk HC, Ramscar M, Said N, Svaldi J, Wong HY. Modal and amodal cognition: an overarching principle in various domains of psychology. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:307-337. [PMID: 37847268 PMCID: PMC10857976 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Accounting for how the human mind represents the internal and external world is a crucial feature of many theories of human cognition. Central to this question is the distinction between modal as opposed to amodal representational formats. It has often been assumed that one but not both of these two types of representations underlie processing in specific domains of cognition (e.g., perception, mental imagery, and language). However, in this paper, we suggest that both formats play a major role in most cognitive domains. We believe that a comprehensive theory of cognition requires a solid understanding of these representational formats and their functional roles within and across different domains of cognition, the developmental trajectory of these representational formats, and their role in dysfunctional behavior. Here we sketch such an overarching perspective that brings together research from diverse subdisciplines of psychology on modal and amodal representational formats so as to unravel their functional principles and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaup
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Rolf Ulrich
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Karin M Bausenhart
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Donna Bryce
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin V Butz
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Dignath
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Dudschig
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Volker H Franz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heller
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Huff
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mandy Hütter
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Janczyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Leuthold
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Mallot
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Nürk
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ramscar
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Said
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Fachbereich Psychologie, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hong Yu Wong
- Department of Philosophy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Mendes AJ, Galdo-Álvarez S, Lema A, Carvalho S, Leite J. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Decreases P3 Amplitude and Inherent Delta Activity during a Waiting Impulsivity Paradigm: Crossover Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:168. [PMID: 38391742 PMCID: PMC10887229 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The inability to wait for a target before initiating an action (i.e., waiting impulsivity) is one of the main features of addictive behaviors. Current interventions for addiction, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), have been suggested to improve this inability. Nonetheless, the effects of tDCS on waiting impulsivity and underlying electrophysiological (EEG) markers are still not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of neuromodulation over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) on the behavior and EEG markers of reward anticipation (i.e., cue and target-P3 and underlying delta/theta power) during a premature responding task. For that, forty healthy subjects participated in two experimental sessions, where they received active and sham tDCS over the rIFG combined with EEG recording during the task. To evaluate transfer effects, participants also performed two control tasks to assess delay discounting and motor inhibition. The active tDCS decreased the cue-P3 and target-P3 amplitudes, as well as delta power during target-P3. While no tDCS effects were found for motor inhibition, active tDCS increased the discounting of future rewards when compared to sham. These findings suggest a tDCS-induced modulation of the P3 component and underlying oscillatory activity during waiting impulsivity and the discounting of future rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto J Mendes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Memory Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Galdo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Departamento de Psicoloxía Clínica e Psicobioloxía, Facultade de Psicoloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 1205 Galicia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lema
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Department of Education and Psychology, William James Center for Research (WJCR), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Center for Health Technology and Services Research at the Associate Laboratory RISE-Health Research Network, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- CINTESIS@RISE, CINTESIS.UPT, Portucalense University, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Alizadehgoradel J, Molaei B, Barzegar Jalali K, Pouresmali A, Sharifi K, Hallajian AH, Nejati V, Glinski B, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA. Targeting the prefrontal-supplementary motor network in obsessive-compulsive disorder with intensified electrical stimulation in two dosages: a randomized, controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:78. [PMID: 38316750 PMCID: PMC10844238 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with a high disease burden, and treatment options are limited. We used intensified electrical stimulation in two dosages to target a main circuitry associated with the pathophysiology of OCD, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and assessed clinical outcomes, neuropsychological performance, and brain physiology. In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, thirty-nine patients with OCD were randomly assigned to three groups of sham, 2-mA, or 1-mA transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the l-DLPFC (F3) and pre-SMA (FC2) with anodal and cathodal stimulation respectively. The treatment included 10 sessions of 20-minute stimulation delivered twice per day with 20-min between-session intervals. Outcome measures were reduction in OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depressive states, performance on a neuropsychological test battery (response inhibition, working memory, attention), oscillatory brain activities, and functional connectivity. All outcome measures except EEG were examined at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up times. The 2-mA protocol significantly reduced OCD symptoms, anxiety, and depression states and improved quality of life after the intervention up to 1-month follow-up compared to the sham group, while the 1-mA protocol reduced OCD symptoms only in the follow-up and depressive state immediately after and 1-month following the intervention. Both protocols partially improved response inhibition, and the 2-mA protocol reduced attention bias to OCD-related stimuli and improved reaction time in working memory performance. Both protocols increased alpha oscillatory power, and the 2-mA protocol decreased delta power as well. Both protocols increased connectivity in higher frequency bands at frontal-central areas compared to the sham. Modulation of the prefrontal-supplementary motor network with intensified tDCS ameliorates OCD clinical symptoms and results in beneficial cognitive effects. The 2-mA intensified stimulation resulted in larger symptom reduction and improved more converging outcome variables related to therapeutic efficacy. These results support applying the intensified prefrontal-SMA tDCS in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behnam Molaei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Asghar Pouresmali
- Department of Family Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharifi
- Sharif Brain Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Benedikt Glinski
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
- Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bielefeld, Germany
- German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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14
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Pezzetta R, Gambarota F, Tarantino V, Devita M, Cattaneo Z, Arcara G, Mapelli D, Masina F. A meta-analysis of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) effects on cerebellar-associated cognitive processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105509. [PMID: 38101590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), have provided valuable insights into the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processes. However, replicating findings from studies involving cerebellar stimulation poses challenges. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of NIBS on cognitive processes associated with the cerebellum. We conducted a systematic search and analyzed 66 studies and 91 experiments involving healthy adults who underwent either TMS or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the cerebellum. The results indicate that anodal tDCS applied to the medial cerebellum enhances cognitive performance. In contrast, high-frequency TMS disrupts cognitive performance when targeting the lateral cerebellar hemispheres or when employed in online protocols. Similarly, low-frequency TMS and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) diminish performance in offline protocols. Moreover, high-frequency TMS impairs accuracy. By identifying consistent effects and moderators of modulation, this meta-analysis contributes to improving the replicability of studies using NIBS on the cerebellum and provides guidance for future research aimed at developing effective NIBS interventions targeting the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Devita
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Lu H, Zhang Y, Qiu H, Zhang Z, Tan X, Huang P, Zhang M, Miao D, Zhu X. A new perspective for evaluating the efficacy of tACS and tDCS in improving executive functions: A combined tES and fNIRS study. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26559. [PMID: 38083976 PMCID: PMC10789209 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive function enhancement is considered necessary for improving the quality of life of patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has been shown to have some beneficial effects on executive functioning, but the quantification of these improvements remains controversial. We aimed to explore the potential beneficial effects on executive functioning induced by the use of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)/transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the accompanying brain function variations in the resting state. METHODS We recruited 229 healthy adults to participate in Experiments 1 (105 participants) and 2 (124 participants). The participants in each experiment were randomly divided into tACS, tDCS, and sham groups. The participants completed cognitive tasks to assess behavior related to three core components of executive functions. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to monitor the hemodynamic changes in crucial cortical regions in the resting state. RESULTS Inhibition and cognitive flexibility (excluding working memory) were significantly increased after tACS/tDCS, but there were no significant behavioral differences between the tACS and tDCS groups. fNIRS revealed that tDCS induced decreases in the functional connectivity (increased neural efficiency) of the relevant cortices. CONCLUSIONS Enhancement of executive function was observed after tES, and the beneficial effects of tACS/tDCS may need to be precisely evaluated via brain imaging indicators at rest. tDCS revealed better neural benefits than tACS during the stimulation phase. These findings might provide new insights for selecting intervention methods in future studies and for evaluating the clinical efficacy of tES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Lu
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Huake Qiu
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuanyi Tan
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, College of EducationShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Danmin Miao
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyAir Force Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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16
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Chen L, Deng Z, Asamoah B, Laughlin MM. Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571341. [PMID: 38168241 PMCID: PMC10760027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests that tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), and not the electric field in the brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, including the locus coeruleus that controls noradrenaline release across brain regions, including hippocampus. However, the effects of TN direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) are currently not well understood. In this study we hypothesized that TN-DCS manipulates hippocampal activity via an LC-noradrenergic bottom-up pathway. We recorded neural activity in rat hippocampus using multichannel silicon probes. We applied 3 minutes of 0.25 mA or 1 mA TN-DCS, monitored hippocampal activity for up to 1 hour and calculated spikes-rate and spike-field coherence metrics. Subcutaneous injections of xylocaine were used to block TN and intraperitoneal injection of clonidine to block the LC pathway. We found that 1 mA TN-DCS caused a significant increase in hippocampal spike-rate lasting 45 minutes in addition to significant changes in spike-field coherence, while 0.25 mA TN-DCS did not. TN blockage prevented spike-rate increases, confirming effects were not caused by the electric field in the brain. When 1 mA TN-DCS was delivered during clonidine blockage no increase in spike-rate was observed, suggesting an important role for the LC-noradrenergic pathway. These results provide a neural basis to support a tDCS TN co-stimulation mechanism. TN-DCS emerges as an important tool to potentially modulate learning and memory. Highlights Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) boosts hippocampal spike ratesTN-DCS alters spike-field coherence in theta and gamma bands across the hippocampus.Blockade experiments indicate that TN-DCS modulated hippocampal activity via the LC-noradrenergic pathway.TN-DCS emerges as a potential tool for memory manipulation. Figure Graphic Abstract
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17
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Feng Y, Zhu Y, Guo X, Luo X, Dang C, Liu Q, Xu C, Kang S, Yin G, Liang T, Wang Y, Liu L, Sun L. Exploring the Potential "Brain-Cognition-Behavior" Relationship in Children With ADHD Based on Resting-State Brain Local Activation and Functional Connectivity. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1638-1649. [PMID: 37688472 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231197206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploring how abnormal brain function in children with ADHD affects executive function and ultimately leads to behavioral impairment provides a theoretical basis for clinically targeted neurotherapy and cognitive training. METHOD Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and seed-based FC were analyzed in 53 ADHD and 52 healthy controls. The "brain-cognition-behavior" relationship was further explored using mediation analysis. RESULTS ADHD showed abnormal local activation in the middle temporal gyrus (MTG), inferior occipital gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and reduced FC between the IFG and the cerebellum. ADHD diagnosis may affect ALFF of MTG and further modulate shift and finally affect inattentive symptoms. It may also affect the total symptoms through the FC of the IFG with the cerebellum. CONCLUSION ADHD showed extensive spontaneous activity abnormalities and frontal-cerebellar FC impairments. Localized functional abnormalities in the MTG may affect the shift in EF, resulting in attention deficit behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangsheng Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qianrong Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Simin Kang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Gaohan Yin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Taizhu Liang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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18
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Chmiel J, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Leszek J. The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cocaine Addiction: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6511. [PMID: 37892650 PMCID: PMC10607438 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a significant problem worldwide. The development of addiction involves a reward system, which consists of certain brain regions like the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Currently, there are no approved medications for treating cocaine dependence, so researchers are actively searching for effective treatments that can impact the brain. One potential treatment under investigation is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive method of stimulating the brain to modulate its activity. In this review, we explore the use of tDCS in treating cocaine addiction. We found nine relevant articles via a literature search, and the results indicate that applying tDCS to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) holds promise for reducing drug cravings in individuals with cocaine addiction. The review also discusses the possible mechanisms by which tDCS works and provides recommendations for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Weinberg H, Baruch Y, Tzameret H, Lavidor M. Cognitive control enhancement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical individuals. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2381-2392. [PMID: 37624418 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control, which has been localized to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) based on functional imaging and brain lesion studies, is impaired in patients with ADHD. The present study aims to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rIFG might improve cognitive control in ADHD subjects. We hypothesized poorer performance in a cognitive control task, but not in a control language task, in the ADHD subjects. Crucially, following tDCS, we expected the ADHD group to improve their cognitive control. In a double-blind randomized control trial, 42 participants performed the stop signal task (SST) to index their cognitive control level and the language task. Half of them were randomly assigned to the anodal stimulation condition and half to the sham stimulation. The anodal or sham stimulation was applied over the right IFG. Following the stimulation, the participants reset the two tasks to see whether stimulation improved the (predicted) weaker performance in the ADHD group. Stimulation significantly enhanced cognitive control for both groups, with or without ADHD, in the SST task, but no significant stimulation effects were found for the control task. tDCS seems as a promising tool to improve cognitive control in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Weinberg
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Baruch
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hila Tzameret
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lavidor
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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20
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Schmidt N, Menéndez-Granda M, Münger R, Reber TP, Bayen UJ, Gümüsdagli FE, Hering A, Joly-Burra E, Kliegel M, Peter J. Modulating prospective memory and attentional control with high-definition transcranial current stimulation: Study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial in healthy older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289532. [PMID: 37549139 PMCID: PMC10406223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to remember future intentions (i.e., prospective memory) is influenced by attentional control. At the neuronal level, frontal and parietal brain regions have been related to attentional control and prospective memory. It is debated, however, whether more or less activity in these regions is beneficial for older adults' performance. We will test that by systematically enhancing or inhibiting activity in these regions with anodal or cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults. We will include n = 105 healthy older volunteers (60-75 years of age) in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, and parallel-group design. The participants will receive either cathodal, anodal, or sham high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the left or right inferior frontal gyrus, or the right superior parietal gyrus (1mA for 20 min). During and after stimulation, the participants will complete tasks of attentional control and prospective memory. The results of this study will clarify how frontal and parietal brain regions contribute to attentional control and prospective memory in older healthy adults. In addition, we will elucidate the relationship between attentional control and prospective memory in that age group. The study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on the 12th of May 2021 (trial identifier: NCT04882527).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schmidt
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Menéndez-Granda
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronya Münger
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P. Reber
- Faculty of Psychology, Uni Distance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland
| | - Ute J. Bayen
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian E. Gümüsdagli
- Institute for Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School for Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Joly-Burra
- Cognitive Aging Lab (CAL), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, LIVES Centre, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab (CAL), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research, LIVES Centre, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Peter
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Casula A, Milazzo BM, Martino G, Sergi A, Lucifora C, Tomaiuolo F, Quartarone A, Nitsche MA, Vicario CM. Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for the Modulation of Aggressive Behavior-A Systematic Review of Randomized Sham-Controlled Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051220. [PMID: 37240865 DOI: 10.3390/life13051220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRO Aggressive behavior represents a significant public health issue, with relevant social, political, and security implications. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques may modulate aggressive behavior through stimulation of the prefrontal cortex. AIMS To review research on the effectiveness of NIBS to alter aggression, discuss the main findings and potential limitations, consider the specifics of the techniques and protocols employed, and discuss clinical implications. METHODS A systematic review of the literature available in the PubMed database was carried out, and 17 randomized sham-controlled studies investigating the effectiveness of NIBS techniques on aggression were included. Exclusion criteria included reviews, meta-analyses, and articles not referring to the subject of interest or not addressing cognitive and emotional modulation aims. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed data provide promising evidence for the beneficial effects of tDCS, conventional rTMS, and cTBS on aggression in healthy adults, forensic, and clinical samples. The specific stimulation target is a key factor for the success of stimulation on aggression modulation. rTMS and cTBS showed opposite effects on aggression compared with tDCS. However, due to the heterogeneity of stimulation protocols, experimental designs, and samples, we cannot exclude other factors that may play a confounding role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Casula
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università di Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Bianca M Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università di Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Clinica Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sergi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Lucifora
- Dipartimento di Filosofia e Comunicazione, Università di Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Tomaiuolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Clinica Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Messina, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e Degli Studi Culturali, Università di Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
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22
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Nawani H, Mittner M, Csifcsák G. Modulation of mind wandering using transcranial direct current stimulation: A meta-analysis based on electric field modeling. Neuroimage 2023; 272:120051. [PMID: 36965860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mind wandering (MW) is a heterogeneous construct involving task-unrelated thoughts. Recently, the interest in modulating MW propensity via non-invasive brain stimulation techniques has increased. Single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in healthy controls has led to mixed results in modulating MW propensity, possibly due to methodological heterogeneity. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a systematic meta-analysis to examine the influence of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) and right inferior parietal lobule (rIPL) targeted tDCS on MW propensity. Importantly, by computational modeling of tDCS-induced electric fields, we accounted for differences in tDCS-dose across studies that varied strongly in their applied methodology. Fifteen single-session, sham-controlled tDCS studies published until October 2021 were included. All studies involved healthy adult participants and used cognitive tasks combined with MW thought-probes. Heterogeneity in tDCS electrode placement, stimulation polarity and intensity were controlled for by means of electric field simulations, while overall methodological quality was assessed via an extended risk of bias (RoB) assessment. We found that RoB was the strongest predictor of study outcomes. Moreover, the rIPL was the most promising cortical area for influencing MW, with stronger anodal electric fields in this region being negatively associated with MW propensity. Electric field strength in the lDLPFC was not related to MW propensity. We identified several severe methodological problems that could have contributed to overestimated effect sizes in this literature, an issue that needs urgent attention in future research in this area. Overall, there is no reliable evidence for tDCS influencing MW in the healthy. However, the analysis also revealed that increasing neural excitability in the rIPL via tDCS might be associated with reduced MW propensity. In an exploratory approach, we also found some indication that targeting prefrontal regions outside the lDLPFC with tDCS could lead to increased MW propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Nawani
- Institute for Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
| | | | - Gábor Csifcsák
- Institute for Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
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23
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Siew-Pin Leuk J, Yow KE, Zi-Xin Tan C, Hendy AM, Kar-Wing Tan M, Hock-Beng Ng T, Teo WP. A meta-analytical review of transcranial direct current stimulation parameters on upper limb motor learning in healthy older adults and people with Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:325-348. [PMID: 36138560 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current literature lacks consolidated evidence for the impact of stimulation parameters on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing upper limb motor learning. Hence, we aim to synthesise available methodologies and results to guide future research on the usage of tDCS on upper limb motor learning, specifically in older adults and Parkinson's disease (PD). Thirty-two studies (Healthy older adults, N = 526, M = 67.25, SD = 4.30 years; PD, N = 216, M = 66.62, SD = 6.25 years) were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies consisted of active and sham protocols. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted for (i) subjects (healthy older adults and PD); (ii) intensity (1.0, 1.5, 2 mA); (iii) electrode montage (unilateral anodal, bilateral anodal, unilateral cathodal); (iv) stimulation site (cerebellum, frontal, motor, premotor, SMA, somatosensory); (v) protocol (online, offline). Significant tDCS effect on motor learning was reported for both populations, intensity 1.0 and 2.0 mA, unilateral anodal and cathodal stimulation, stimulation site of the motor and premotor cortex, and both online and offline protocols. Regression showed no significant relationship between tDCS effects and density. The efficacy of tDCS is also not affected by the number of sessions. However, studies that reported only single session tDCS found significant negative association between duration with motor learning outcomes. Our findings suggest that different stimulation parameters enhanced upper limb motor learning in older adults and PD. Future research should combine tDCS with neuroimaging techniques to help with optimisation of the stimulation parameters, considering the type of task and population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Siew-Pin Leuk
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Kai-En Yow
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Clenyce Zi-Xin Tan
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Ashlee M Hendy
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences (SENS), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Mika Kar-Wing Tan
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Tommy Hock-Beng Ng
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- Physical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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24
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Ester T, Kullmann S. Neurobiological regulation of eating behavior: Evidence based on non-invasive brain stimulation. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:753-772. [PMID: 34862944 PMCID: PMC9307556 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex is appreciated as a key neurobiological player in human eating behavior. A special focus is herein dedicated to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is critically involved in executive function such as cognitive control over eating. Persons with obesity display hypoactivity in this brain area, which is linked to overconsumption and food craving. Contrary to that, higher activity in the DLPFC is associated with successful weight-loss and weight-maintenance. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neurostimulation tool used to enhance self-control and inhibitory control. The number of studies using tDCS to influence eating behavior rapidly increased in the last years. However, the effectiveness of tDCS is still unclear, as studies show mixed results and individual differences were shown to be an important factor in the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation. Here, we describe the current state of research of human studies using tDCS to influence food intake, food craving, subjective feeling of hunger and body weight. Excitatory stimulation of the right DLPFC seems most promising to reduce food cravings to highly palatable food, while other studies provide evidence that stimulating the left DLPFC shows promising effects on weight loss and weight maintenance, especially in multisession approaches. Overall, the reported findings are heterogeneous pointing to large interindividual differences in tDCS responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Ebehard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Auvichayapat N, Auvichayapat P. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Treatment of Child Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Ethical Considerations. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:842013. [PMID: 35874159 PMCID: PMC9304992 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.842013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive electrical stimulation performed using low electric currents passing through two electrodes. The provided current passes from the anode to the cathode and induces electric fields in the surface neurons. It then modulates synaptic plasticity and finally changes cortical excitability or improves clinical outcomes, which outlast after a duration of stimulation. Meta-analyses have supported the beneficial effects of tDCS treatments in child neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the study of vulnerable children remains controversial and is a great deal for ethical considerations. Because the developing brain has some important physiological differences from the matured brain, specifically less γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition and more myelination, the opportunity to modify neurological disorders to be close to the normal level in childhood after tDCS is likely to be higher than in adults. In contrast, these physiological differences may result in unexpected excitability in children's brains and were criticized to have an unsafe effect, specifically seizures, which is a serious adverse events. As mentioned above, using tDCS in children appears to be a double-edged sword and should be ethically considered prior to wide use. Assessing between benefits of tDCS treatment within the golden period of brain development and the risk of seizure provocation is important. Thus, this perspective article is aimed to exhibit broad concepts about the developing brain, tDCS in children, pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and tDCS beneficence, tDCS safety and tolerability in children, and missing good opportunities or taking risks in tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narong Auvichayapat
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Research Group of Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paradee Auvichayapat
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Research Group of Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Paradee Auvichayapat
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26
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Zhang Q, Li X, Liu X, Liu S, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhu C, Wang K. The Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on the Downregulation of Negative Emotions: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060786. [PMID: 35741671 PMCID: PMC9221395 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotion regulation (ER) is regarded as a core treatment target for depression and other mental illnesses. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been extensively used as an intervention for mental illnesses, but there has been no systematic review conducted regarding its effect on emotion regulation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of NIBS for emotion regulation; (2) Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. We analyzed the effects of NIBS on tasks assessing emotion regulation using a random-effects model, and further explored the moderating role of the following factors on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies by conducting subgroup analyses and meta-regression: target electrode placement, return electrode placement, current intensity, target electrode size, and duration of intervention; (3) Results: A total of 17 studies were included. Our meta-analysis indicated a small but significant effect of NIBS on the downregulation of negative emotions. Separate analyses indicated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) had a medium and significant effect on the downregulation of negative emotions, whereas tDCS had no significant effect. Subgroup analyses showed that the effect of tDCS was moderated by target and return electrode placemen; (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that NIBS had a positive effect on the downregulation of negative emotions. The stimulation protocols should be carefully considered and the underlying mechanisms should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Xiaoming Li
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Xinying Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Yueling Liu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230011, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kai Wang
- The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (S.L.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (K.W.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230011, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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27
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Lisoni J, Barlati S, Deste G, Ceraso A, Nibbio G, Baldacci G, Vita A. Efficacy and tolerability of Brain Stimulation interventions in Borderline Personality Disorder: state of the art and future perspectives - A systematic review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110537. [PMID: 35176417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treating Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a major challenge for psychiatrists. As Brain Stimulation represents an alternative approach to treat psychiatric disorders, our systematic review is the first to focus on both invasive and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) interventions in people living with BPD, examining clinical effects over core features and comorbid conditions. Following PRISMA guidelines, out of 422 original records, 24 papers were included regarding Deep Brain Stimulation (n = 1), Electroconvulsive therapy (n = 5), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (n = 13) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (n = 5). According to impulsivity and emotional dysregulated domain improvements, NIBS in BPD appears to restore frontolimbic network deficiencies. NIBS seems also to modulate depressive features. Safety and tolerability profiles for each technique are discussed. Despite encouraging results, definitive recommendations on Brain Stimulation in BPD are mitigated by protocols heterogeneity, lack of randomized controlled trials and poor quality of included studies, including high risk of methodological biases. To serve as guide for future systematic investigations, protocols optimization proposals are provided, focusing on alternative stimulation sites and suggesting a NIBS symptom-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lisoni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Ceraso
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Baldacci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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28
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psymetadata: An R Package Containing Open Datasets from Meta-Analyses in Psychology. JOURNAL OF OPEN PSYCHOLOGY DATA 2022. [DOI: 10.5334/jopd.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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D’Aiello B, Battisti A, Lazzaro G, Pani P, De Rossi P, Di Vara S, Pretelli I, Costanzo F, Vicari S, Menghini D. Comparing the Effect of Methylphenidate and Anodal tDCS on Inhibitory Control and Working-Memory in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, within-Subject Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084575. [PMID: 35457447 PMCID: PMC9030177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inappropriate levels of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with individual functioning. The international guidelines recommend targeting ADHD-related neurochemical brain abnormalities by intervening via drug treatment, such as methylphenidate (MPH), as first choice. Drug treatments are usually associated with a huge amount of cost for families and the healthcare system, suspension for low compliance, poor long-term efficacy, and side effects. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a possible noninvasive means to safely manipulate brain activity and, in turn, improve behavior and cognition in developmental ages. Several studies have shown that tDCS has the potential to improve ADHD-related cognitive deficits, but the effect of tDCS compared with MPH has never been evaluated. The aim of the present within-subject, sham-controlled, randomized proof-of-concept study is to demonstrate the positive effect of one-session anodal tDCS analogous to the MPH drug on inhibitory control and working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. We strongly believe that this study protocol will serve to accelerate research into low-cost, drug-free, feasible interventions for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D’Aiello
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzaro
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Pierpaolo Pani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pietro De Rossi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Silvia Di Vara
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Italo Pretelli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Centro di Riabilitazione, Casa San Giuseppe, Opera Don Guanella, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (B.D.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (P.D.R.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (F.C.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Novel Approaches to Tackling Emotional Loss of Control of Eating Across the Weight Spectrum. Proc Nutr Soc 2022; 81:255-263. [PMID: 35260206 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotional overeating is a process that is particularly relevant to people within the binge spectrum of eating disorders. Approximately a third of people with overweight share this phenotype. In addition, this behaviour may occur in neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) and other psychiatric disorders. The biopsychosocial underpinnings of emotional eating include a genetic vulnerability to a higher weight and various cognitive and emotional traits. The environment also plays a key role. For example, the commodification of food and beauty and exposure to weight stigma, unpleasant eating experiences and general adversity can set the scene. The majority of people with binge-eating disorder do not seek treatment (perhaps related to internalised stigma and shame). Hence opportunities for early intervention and secondary prevention are lost. Most guidelines for binge-eating disorder (based on the limited available research) recommend forms of cognitive psychotherapies and antidepressants. However, novel treatments that target underlying mechanisms are in development. These include interventions to improve emotional regulation and inhibitory control using neuromodulation and/or brain training. New technologies have been applied to talking therapies, including apps which can offer ‘just-in-time interventions’ or virtual reality or avatar work which can deliver more personalised interventions using complex scenarios. Drugs used for the treatment of ADHD, psychiatric and metabolic disorders may have the potential to be repurposed for binge-eating disorder. Thus, this is an area of rapid change with novel solutions being applied to this problem.
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31
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Giel KE, Schag K, Martus P, Max SM, Plewnia C. Ameliorating cognitive control in patients with binge eating disorder by electrical brain stimulation: study protocol of the randomized controlled ACCElect pilot trial. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:26. [PMID: 35183261 PMCID: PMC8857741 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current first-line treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), which is psychotherapy, is moderately effective in terms of abstinence from binge-eating. Neurobiological evidence suggests that people affected by BED show difficulties along the spectrum of impulsivity, including inhibitory control impairments and highlights the potential of novel treatment approaches directly targeting inhibitory control, including cognitive training approaches and non-invasive brain stimulation. METHODS ACCElect is a prospective, randomized controlled pilot trial investigating a novel, food-related inhibitory control training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). 40 patients with BED will be randomly assigned to receive the training either combined with verum or with sham stimulation (control condition). The inhibitory control training is based on principles of the antisaccade paradigm and comprises six training sessions over two weeks. Core aims are the investigation of feasibility and clinically relevant effects of a tDCS-enhanced inhibitory control training in BED patients and the establishment of a data basis for a larger efficacy trial. The primary clinical endpoint is binge-eating (BE) frequency in terms of changes in BE episodes four weeks after treatment termination as compared to baseline. Key secondary outcomes comprise ED pathology and general psychopathology, inhibitory control capacities, quality of life as well as acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. DISCUSSION The results of the present trial will contribute to the development of novel neurobiologically informed treatment approaches for patients suffering from BED. Trial registration The ACCElect trial was prospectively registered on October 1, 2020, under the registration number NCT04572087 at ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04572087 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Osianderstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Max
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
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32
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The influence of the respiratory cycle on reaction times in sensory-cognitive paradigms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2586. [PMID: 35173204 PMCID: PMC8850565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural and electrophysiological studies point to an apparent influence of the state of respiration, i.e., whether we inhale or exhale, on brain activity and cognitive performance. Still, the prevalence and relevance of such respiratory-behavioural relations in typical sensory-cognitive tasks remain unclear. We here used a battery of six tasks probing sensory detection, discrimination and short-term memory to address the questions of whether and by how much behaviour covaries with the respiratory cycle. Our results show that participants tend to align their respiratory cycle to the experimental paradigm, in that they tend to inhale around stimulus presentation and exhale when submitting their responses. Furthermore, their reaction times, but not so much their response accuracy, consistently and significantly covary with the respiratory cycle, differing between inhalation and exhalation. This effect is strongest when analysed contingent on the respiratory state around participants' responses. The respective effect sizes of these respiration-behaviour relations are comparable to those seen in other typical experimental manipulations in sensory-cognitive tasks, highlighting the relevance of these effects. Overall, our results support a prominent relation between respiration and sensory-cognitive function and show that sensation is intricately linked to rhythmic bodily or interoceptive functions.
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33
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Mattavelli G, Lo Presti S, Tornaghi D, Canessa N. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex modulates decision-making and executive control. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1565-1576. [PMID: 35102442 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging evidence highlights the translational implications of targeting the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), i.e. a key node of the networks underlying conflict monitoring and decision-making, in brain stimulation treatments with clinical or rehabilitative purposes. While the optimized modelling of "high-definition" current flows between multiple anode-cathode pairs might, in principle, allow to stimulate an otherwise challenging target, sensitive benchmark metrics of dACC neuromodulation are required to assess the effectiveness of this approach. On this basis, we aimed to assess the modulatory effect of anodal and cathodal high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) of the dACC on different facets of executive control and decision-making in healthy young individuals. A combined modelling/targeting procedure provided the optimal montage for the maximum intensity of dACC stimulation with six small "high-definition" electrodes delivering anodal, cathodal or sham HD-tDCS for 20 min in a within-subject design with three separate sessions. Following stimulation, participants performed Flanker and gambling tasks unveiling individual differences in executive control and both loss- and risk-aversion in decision-making, respectively. Compared to both anodal and sham conditions, cathodal dACC stimulation significantly affected task performance by increasing control over the Flanker conflict effect, and both loss and risk-aversion in decision-making. By confirming the feasibility and effectiveness of dACC stimulation with HD-tDCS, these findings highlight the implications of modelling and targeting procedures for neuromodulation in clinical research, whereby innovative protocols might serve as treatment addressing dysfunctional dACC activity, or combined with cognitive training, to enhance higher-order executive functioning in different neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy.,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Lo Presti
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diana Tornaghi
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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34
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Stanković M, Živanović M, Bjekić J, Filipović SR. Blinding in tDCS Studies: Correct End-of-Study Guess Does Not Moderate the Effects on Associative and Working Memory. Brain Sci 2021; 12:brainsci12010058. [PMID: 35053802 PMCID: PMC8773753 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has become a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience research as it enables causal inferences about neural underpinnings of cognition. However, studies using tDCS to modulate cognitive functions often yield inconsistent findings. Hence, there is an increasing interest in factors that may moderate the effects, one of which is the participants’ beliefs of the tDCS condition (i.e., real or sham) they received. Namely, whether participants’ correct guessing of sham condition may lead to false-positive tDCS effects. In this study, we aimed to explore if participants’ beliefs about received stimulation type (i.e., the success of blinding) impacted their task performance in tDCS experiments on associative (AM) and working memory (WM). We analyzed data from four within-subject, sham-controlled tDCS memory experiments (N = 83) to check if the correct end-of-study guess of sham condition moderated tDCS effects. We found no evidence that sham guessing moderated post-tDCS memory performance in experiments in which tDCS effects were observed as well as in experiments that showed null effects of tDCS. The results suggest that the correct sham guessing (i.e., placebo-like effect) is unlikely to influence the results in tDCS memory experiments. We discuss the results in light of the growing debate about the relevance and effectiveness of blinding in brain stimulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stanković
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (S.R.F.)
| | - Marko Živanović
- Institute of Psychology and Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Bjekić
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (S.R.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saša R. Filipović
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (S.R.F.)
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35
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Ghin F, Beste C, Stock AK. Neurobiological mechanisms of control in alcohol use disorder - moving towards mechanism-based non-invasive brain stimulation treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104508. [PMID: 34942268 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive habitual drinking and loss of control over alcohol intake despite negative consequences. Both of these aspects foster uncontrolled drinking and high relapse rates in AUD patients. Yet, common interventions mostly focus on the phenomenological level, and prioritize the reduction of craving and withdrawal symptoms. Our review provides a mechanistic understanding of AUD and suggests alternative therapeutic approaches targeting the mechanisms underlying dysfunctional alcohol-related behaviours. Specifically, we explain how repeated drinking fosters the development of rigid drinking habits and is associated with diminished cognitive control. These behavioural and cognitive effects are then functionally related to the neurobiochemical effects of alcohol abuse. We further explain how alterations in fronto-striatal network activity may constitute the neurobiological correlates of these alcohol-related dysfunctions. Finally, we discuss limitations in current pharmacological AUD therapies and suggest non-invasive brain stimulation (like TMS and tDCS interventions) as a potential addition/alternative for modulating the activation of both cortical and subcortical areas to help re-establish the functional balance between controlled and automatic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ghin
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Stock
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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36
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Modulation of impulsive behaviours using transcranial random noise stimulation. Brain Stimul 2021; 15:32-34. [PMID: 34742995 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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37
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Mendes AJ, Pacheco-Barrios K, Lema A, Gonçalves ÓF, Fregni F, Leite J, Carvalho S. Modulation of the cognitive event-related potential P3 by transcranial direct current stimulation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:894-907. [PMID: 34742723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been widely used to modulate cognition and behavior. However, only a few studies have been probing the brain mechanism underlying the effects of tDCS on cognitive processing, especially throughout electrophysiological markers, such as the P3. This meta-analysis assessed the effects of tDCS in P3 amplitude and latency during an oddball, n-back, and Go/No-Go tasks, as well as during emotional processing. A total of 36 studies were identified, but only 23 were included in the quantitative analysis. The results show that the parietal P3 amplitude increased during oddball and n-back tasks, mostly after anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.018, SMD = 0.4) and right inferior frontal gyrus (p < 0.001, SMD = 0.669) respectively. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of the parietal P3 ERP as a marker of tDCS-induced effects during task performance. Nonetheless, this study had a low number of studies and the presence of considerable risk of bias, highlighting issues to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto J Mendes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Lema
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Proaction Laboratory - CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jorge Leite
- INPP, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal.
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38
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Fujiyama H, Tan J, Puri R, Hinder MR. Influence of tDCS over right inferior frontal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor area on perceptual decision-making and response inhibition: A healthy ageing perspective. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 109:11-21. [PMID: 34634749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wide body of literature suggests that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administered over the prefrontal cortex can improve executive function - including decision-making and inhibitory control - in healthy young adults. However, the effects of tDCS in older adults are largely unknown. Here, using a double-blind, sham-controlled approach, changes in a combined perceptual decision-making and inhibitory control task were assessed before and after the application of tDCS (1 mA, 20 minute) targeting the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) or pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) in 42 young (18-34 years) and 41 older (60-80 years) healthy adults. Compared to sham stimulation, anodal tDCS over the preSMA improved decision-making speed for both age groups. Furthermore, the inhibitory control performance of older and younger adults was improved by preSMA and rIFG stimulation, respectively. This study provides evidence that tDCS can improve both perceptual decision-making and inhibitory control in healthy older adults, with the causal role of the preSMA and rIFG regions in cognitive control appearing to vary as a function of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuei Fujiyama
- Psychology, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Jane Tan
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, Discipline of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohan Puri
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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39
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Friehs MA, Frings C, Hartwigsen G. Effects of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on reactive response inhibition. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:749-765. [PMID: 34271027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used to explore the role of various cortical regions for reactive response inhibition. In recent years, tDCS studies reported polarity-, time- and stimulation-site dependent effects on response inhibition. Given the large parameter space in which study designs, tDCS procedures and task procedures can differ, it is crucial to systematically explore the existing tDCS literature to increase the current understanding of potential modulatory effects and limitations of different approaches. We performed a systematic review on the modulatory effects of tDCS on response inhibition as measured by the Stop-Signal Task. The final dataset shows a large variation in methodology and heterogeneous effects of tDCS on performance. The most consistent result across studies is a performance enhancement due to anodal tDCS over the right prefrontal cortex. Partially sub-optimal choices in study design, methodology and lacking consistency in reporting procedures may impede valid conclusions and obscured the effects of tDCS on response inhibition in some previous studies. Finally, we outline future directions and areas to improve research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Frings
- Trier University, Department of Cognitive Psychology and Methodology, Trier, Germany
| | - Gesa Hartwigsen
- Lise Meitner Research Group Cognition and Plasticity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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40
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Ewen JB, Puts NA, Mostofsky SH, Horn PS, Gilbert DL. Associations between Task-Related Modulation of Motor-Evoked Potentials and EEG Event-Related Desynchronization in Children with ADHD. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5526-5535. [PMID: 34231840 PMCID: PMC8568000 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have previously shown a decreased magnitude of event-related desynchronization (ERD) during a finger-tapping task, with a large between-group effect. Because the neurobiology underlying several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures have been studied in multiple contexts, we compared ERD and 3 TMS measures (resting motor threshold [RMT], short-interval cortical inhibition [SICI], and task-related up-modulation [TRUM]) within 14 participants with ADHD (ages 8-12 years) and 17 control children. The typically developing (TD) group showed a correlation between greater RMT and greater magnitude of alpha (10-13 Hz, here) ERD, and there was no diagnostic interaction effect, consistent with a rudimentary model of greater needed energy input to stimulate movement. Similarly, inhibition measured by SICI was also greater in the TD group when the magnitude of movement-related ERD was higher; there was a miniscule diagnostic interaction effect. Finally, TRUM during a response-inhibition task showed an unanticipated pattern: in TD children, the greater TMS task modulation (TRUM) was associated with a smaller magnitude of ERD during finger-tapping. The ADHD group showed the opposite direction of association: Greater TRUM was associated with larger magnitude of ERD. Prior EEG results have demonstrated specific alterations of task-related modulation of cortical physiology, and the current results provide a fulcrum for multimodal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Ewen
- Department of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolaas A Puts
- Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Pediatrics and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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41
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Ahorsu DK, Adjaottor ES, Lam BYH. Intervention Effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Cognitive Functions among People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070840. [PMID: 34202739 PMCID: PMC8301762 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aggregated and examined the treatment effect of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) (transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation) on cognitive functions in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A systematic search was conducted using databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE) for studies with keywords related to non-randomized and randomized control trials of NIBS among people with TBI. Nine out of 1790 NIBS studies with 197 TBI participants (103 active vs. 94 sham) that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study were finally selected for meta-analysis using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3). Results showed that the overall effect of NIBS on cognition in people with TBI was moderately significant (g = 0.304, 95% CI = 0.055 to 0.553) with very low heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0.000, Tau = 0.000). Specifically, significant and marginally significant moderate effect sizes were found for cognitive sub-domains including attention, memory, and executive function. The present findings suggest that NIBS is moderately effective in improving cognitive functions among people with TBI. In particular, NIBS may be used as an alternative and/or an adjunct treatment to the traditional approach in rehabilitating cognitive functions in people with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Emma Sethina Adjaottor
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ashanti, Ghana;
| | - Bess Yin Hung Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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42
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Jafari E, Alizadehgoradel J, Pourmohseni Koluri F, Nikoozadehkordmirza E, Refahi M, Taherifard M, Nejati V, Hallajian AH, Ghanavati E, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Salehinejad MA. Intensified electrical stimulation targeting lateral and medial prefrontal cortices for the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-comparison study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:974-986. [PMID: 34167918 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most common anxiety disorder while remains largely untreated. Disturbed amygdala-frontal network functions are central to the pathophysiology of SAD, marked by hypoactivity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hypersensitivity of the medial PFC and the amygdala. The objective of this study was to determine whether modulation of the dorsolateral and medial PFC activity with a novel intensified stimulation protocol reduces SAD core symptoms, improves treatment-related variables, and reduces attention bias to threatening stimuli. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial, we assessed the efficacy of an intensified stimulation protocol (20 min, twice-daily sessions with 20 min intervals, 5 consecutive days) in two intensities (1 vs 2 mA) compared to sham stimulations. 45 patients with SAD were randomized in three tDCS arms (1-mA, 2-mA, sham). SAD symptoms, treatment-related variables (worries, depressive state, emotion regulation, quality of life), and attention bias to threatening stimuli (dot-probe paradigm) were assessed before and right after the intervention. SAD symptoms were also assessed at 2-month follow-up. RESULTS Both 1-mA and 2-mA protocols significantly reduced fear/avoidance symptoms, worries and improved, emotion regulation and quality of life after the intervention compared to the sham group. Improving effect of the 2-mA protocol on avoidance symptoms, worries and depressive state was significantly larger than the 1-mA group. Only the 2-mA protocol reduced attention bias to threat-related stimuli, the avoidance symptom at follow-up, and depressive states, as compared to the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of lateral-medial PFC activity with intensified stimulation can improve cognitive control, motivation and emotion networks in SAD and might thereby result in therapeutic effects. These effects can be larger with 2-mA vs 1-mA intensities, though a linear relationship between intensity and efficacy should not be concluded. Our results need replication in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Jafari
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaber Alizadehgoradel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
| | | | | | - Meysam Refahi
- Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Taherifard
- Department of Psychology, Mohaghegh-Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Ghanavati
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carmelo M Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ali Salehinejad
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
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Wolkenstein L, Rombold-Bruehl F, Bingmann T, Sommer A, Kanske P, Plewnia C. Challenging control over emotions in borderline personality disorder - a tDCS study. Neuropsychologia 2021; 156:107850. [PMID: 33812945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficient cognitive control (CC) over emotional distraction is a central characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Reduced activation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) has been linked to this deficit. This study investigates whether it is possible to ameliorate CC deficits via anodal tDCS over the left dlPFC in BPD. Furthermore, we investigate whether the extent of CC impairment influences how well one responds to tDCS. METHODS The effect of a single-session tDCS (1 mA for 20 min, reference electrode on the contralateral mastoid bone) to the left dlPFC (F3) on the CC of patients with BPD (N = 20) and healthy control participants (HCs, N = 20) was examined in a double-blinded, balanced randomized, sham-controlled crossover trial. A delayed response working memory task with negative, neutral and positive pictures presented during the delay period was conducted to assess CC. Stimulation was applied simultaneously with the task. RESULTS Negative pictures caused prolonged response times as compared to a control condition in patients with BPD and HCs. Anodal tDCS to the left dlPFC did not significantly reduce this interference effect in the overall sample. Further analyses showed, however, that participants with impaired CC profited the most from anodal tDCS. In the subgroup of participants who actually showed an interference effect we found the expected significant amelioration of CC under tDCS. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that anodal tDCS applied to the left dlPFC improves deficient CC. Thereby, base-level performance moderates tDCS effects. Hence, tDCS might be suitable to support behavioral trainings to enhance CC specifically in people whose impairments in CC are comparably high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Wolkenstein
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Rombold-Bruehl
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
| | - Tiffany Bingmann
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurophysiology & Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Smits FM, Geuze E, Schutter DJLG, van Honk J, Gladwin TE. Effects of tDCS during inhibitory control training on performance and PTSD, aggression and anxiety symptoms: a randomized-controlled trial in a military sample. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-11. [PMID: 33757606 PMCID: PMC9811348 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and impulsive aggression are linked to transdiagnostic neurocognitive deficits. This includes impaired inhibitory control over inappropriate responses. Prior studies showed that inhibitory control can be improved by modulating the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with inhibitory control training. However, its clinical potential remains unclear. We therefore aimed to replicate a tDCS-enhanced inhibitory control training in a clinical sample and test whether this reduces stress-related mental health symptoms. METHODS In a preregistered double-blind randomized-controlled trial, 100 active-duty military personnel and post-active veterans with PTSD, anxiety, or impulsive aggression symptoms underwent a 5-session intervention where a stop-signal response inhibition training was combined with anodal tDCS over the right IFG for 20 min at 1.25 mA. Inhibitory control was evaluated with the emotional go/no-go task and implicit association test. Stress-related symptoms were assessed by self-report at baseline, post-intervention, and after 3-months and 1-year follow-ups. RESULTS Active relative to sham tDCS neither influenced performance during inhibitory control training nor on assessment tasks, and did also not significantly influence self-reported symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, impulsive aggression, or depression at post-assessment or follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the idea that anodal tDCS over the right IFG at 1.25 mA enhances response inhibition training in a clinical sample, or that this tDCS-training combination can reduce stress-related symptoms. Applying different tDCS parameters or combining tDCS with more challenging tasks might provide better conditions to modulate cognitive functioning and stress-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenne M. Smits
- Brain Research & Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Brain Research & Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jack van Honk
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas E. Gladwin
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK
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Dual-tDCS over the right prefrontal cortex does not modulate stop-signal task performance. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:811-820. [PMID: 33392696 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05995-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Stopping an already initiated action is crucial for human everyday behavior and empirical evidence points toward the prefrontal cortex playing a key role in response inhibition. Two regions that have been consistently implicated in response inhibition are the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the more superior region of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The present study targets both regions with non-invasive brain stimulation to investigate their role in response inhibition. Thus dual-prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was applied to both IFG and DLPFC in a repeated measures design and compared to sham tDCS. Specifically, 9 cm2 electrodes were positioned over both IFG and DLPFC in all groups. The active stimulation groups received off-line, anodal or cathodal tDCS over the IFG and opposite polarity tDCS of the DLPFC, while the sham stimulation group received short stimulation at the start, middle and end of the supposed 20-min stimulation period. Before and after tDCS, subjects' inhibition capabilities were probed using the stop-signal task (SST). In a final sample of N = 45, participants were randomly split into three groups and received three different stimulation protocols. Results indicated that dual-frontal tDCS did not influence performance as compared to sham stimulation. This null result was confirmed using Bayesian analysis. This result is discussed against the background of the limitations of the present study as well as the potential theoretical implications.
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Borgomaneri S, Serio G, Battaglia S. Please, don't do it! Fifteen years of progress of non-invasive brain stimulation in action inhibition. Cortex 2020; 132:404-422. [PMID: 33045520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to inhibit prepotent responses is critical for survival. Action inhibition can be investigated using a stop-signal task (SST), designed to provide a reliable measure of the time taken by the brain to suppress motor responses. Here we review the major research advances using the combination of this paradigm with the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in the last fifteen years. We highlight new methodological approaches to understanding and exploiting several processes underlying action control, which is critically impaired in several psychiatric disorders. In this review we present and discuss existing literature demonstrating i) the importance of the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in studying human action inhibition, unveiling the neural network involved ii) the critical role of prefrontal areas, including the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in inhibitory control iii) the neural and behavioral evidence of proactive and reactive action inhibition. As the main result of this review, the specific literature demonstrated the crucial role of pre-SMA and IFG as evidenced from the field of noninvasive brain stimulation studies. Finally, we discuss the critical questions that remain unanswered about how such non-invasive brain stimulation protocols can be translated to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Borgomaneri
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Serio
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
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