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Marks MP, Giménez CA, Isaja L, Vera MB, Borzone FR, Pereyra-Bonnet F, Romorini L, Videla-Richardson GA, Chasseing NA, Calvo JC, Vellón L. Role of hydroxymethylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase in the induction of stem-like states in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:106. [PMID: 38418798 PMCID: PMC10902018 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE De novo synthesis of cholesterol and its rate-limiting enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), is deregulated in tumors and critical for tumor cell survival and proliferation. However, the role of HMGCR in the induction and maintenance of stem-like states in tumors remains unclear. METHODS A compiled public database from breast cancer (BC) patients was analyzed with the web application SurvExpress. Cell Miner was used for the analysis of HMGCR expression and statin sensitivity of the NCI-60 cell lines panel. A CRISPRon system was used to induce HMGCR overexpression in the luminal BC cell line MCF-7 and a lentiviral pLM-OSKM system for the reprogramming of MCF-7 cells. Comparisons were performed by two-tailed unpaired t-test for two groups and one- or two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Data from BC patients showed that high expression of several members of the cholesterol synthesis pathway were associated with lower recurrence-free survival, particularly in hormone-receptor-positive BC. In silico and in vitro analysis showed that HMGCR is expressed in several BC cancer cell lines, which exhibit a subtype-dependent response to statins in silico and in vitro. A stem-like phenotype was demonstrated upon HMGCR expression in MCF-7 cells, characterized by expression of the pluripotency markers NANOG, SOX2, increased CD44 +/CD24low/ -, CD133 + populations, and increased mammosphere formation ability. Pluripotent and cancer stem cell lines showed high expression of HMGCR, whereas cell reprogramming of MCF-7 cells did not increase HMGCR expression. CONCLUSION HMGCR induces a stem-like phenotype in BC cells of epithelial nature, thus affecting tumor initiation, progression and statin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Marks
- Laboratorio de Células Madre/Stem Cells Lab (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Alejandra Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Potosí 4265, C1199ACL, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CASPR Biotech, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CASPR Biotech, San Francisco, USA
| | - Luciana Isaja
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Las Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 53, B1625, Buenos Aires, Escobar, Argentina
| | - Mariana Belén Vera
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Las Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 53, B1625, Buenos Aires, Escobar, Argentina
| | - Francisco Raúl Borzone
- Laboratorio de Células Madre/Stem Cells Lab (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Pereyra-Bonnet
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano, Potosí 4265, C1199ACL, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CASPR Biotech, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CASPR Biotech, San Francisco, USA
| | - Leonardo Romorini
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Las Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 53, B1625, Buenos Aires, Escobar, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Agustín Videla-Richardson
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a Las Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación Para La Lucha Contra Las Enfermedades Neurológicas de La Infancia (FLENI), Ruta 9, Km 53, B1625, Buenos Aires, Escobar, Argentina
| | - Norma Alejandra Chasseing
- Laboratorio de Células Madre/Stem Cells Lab (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunohematología, (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Calvo
- Laboratorio de Células Madre/Stem Cells Lab (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Vellón
- Laboratorio de Células Madre/Stem Cells Lab (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li C, Yao Z, Ma L, Song X, Wang W, Wan C, Ren S, Chen D, Zheng Y, Zhu YT, Chang G, Wu S, Miao K, Luo F, Zhao XY. Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of murine and primate spermatogonial stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:969-984. [PMID: 37044069 PMCID: PMC10147841 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche is critical for SSC maintenance and subsequent spermatogenesis. Numerous reproductive hazards impair the SSC niche, thereby resulting in aberrant SSC self-renewal and male infertility. However, promising agents targeting the impaired SSC niche to promote SSC self-renewal are still limited. Here, we screen out and assess the effects of Lovastatin on the self-renewal of mouse SSCs (mSSCs). Mechanistically, Lovastatin promotes the self-renewal of mSSCs and inhibits its inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of isoprenoid intermediates. Remarkably, treatment by Lovastatin could promote the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia in the male gonadotoxicity model generated by busulfan injection. Of note, we demonstrate that Lovastatin could enhance the proliferation of primate undifferentiated spermatogonia. Collectively, our findings uncover that lovastatin could promote the self-renewal of both murine and primate SSCs and have implications for the treatment of certain types of male infertility using small compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Li
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaokai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linzi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaofang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Tong Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihao Wu
- Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Miao
- Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China.
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China; Sino-America Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine in Developmental Disabilities, Guangzhou, China; Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; National Clinical Research Canter for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu M, Zhang X, Zhang W, Yan L, Liu X, Zhang M, Pan Y, Lobie PE, Han X, Zhu T. Paracrine secretion of IL8 by breast cancer stem cells promotes therapeutic resistance and metastasis of the bulk tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:59. [PMID: 36915147 PMCID: PMC10009947 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tumors consist of heterogeneous cellular subpopulations that differ in molecular properties and functional attributes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer therapeutic failure and metastasis. However, it remains indeterminate how CSCs determine the progression of the bulk cancer cell population. METHODS Co-culture systems in vitro and co-implantation systems in vivo were designed to characterize the interactions between breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and bulk cancer cells. RNA sequencing was performed to study the functional and mechanistic implications of the BCSC secretome on bulk cancer cells. A cytokine antibody array was employed to screen the differentially secreted cytokines in the BCSC secretome. Tail vein injection metastatic models and orthotopic xenograft models were applied to study the therapeutic potential of targeting IL8. RESULTS We identified that the BCSC secretome potentiated estrogen receptor (ER) activity in the bulk cancer cell population. The BCSC secretome rendered the bulk cancer cell population resistant to anti-estrogen and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy; as well as increased the metastatic burden attributable to bulk cancer cells. Screening of the BCSC secretome identified IL8 as a pivotal factor that potentiated ERα activity, endowed tamoxifen resistance and enhanced metastatic burden by regulation of bulk cancer cell behavior. Pharmacological inhibition of IL8 increased the efficacy of fulvestrant and/or palbociclib by reversing tamoxifen resistance and abrogated metastatic burden. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study delineates the mechanism by which BCSCs determine the therapeutic response and metastasis of bulk cancer cells; and thereby suggests potential therapeutic strategies to ameliorate breast cancer outcomes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangtian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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[STE029 Overcomes EGFR-TKI Resistance in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:771-781. [PMID: 36419390 PMCID: PMC9720680 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired and primary resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is still the bottleneck of clinical treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). STE029 is a novel anticancer drug which consists of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor and novel cancer cell membrane targeting molecular. This study aimed to investigate the reversal mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance by STE029 in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS CCK8 test was used to test the cell viability and survival rate of EGFR mutated PC9 cell (Gefitinib sensitive), PC9/BB4 cell (acquired Gefitinib resistant), and EGFR wild type A549 cell after treatment of STE029, Gefitinib or combination of both. EdU test was applied to detect changes in cell cycle and Hoechst 33258 was applied to detect apoptosis rate in overcoming the EGFR-TKI resistance. The activity of EGFR/PI3K/Akt, cell cycle and apoptosis signal pathways were examined. In vivo, nude mice were exposed to STE029, Gefitinib and STE029+Gefitinib for 5 wk. And the the tumor volume was measured and tumor weight was obtained on the last day. RESULTS (1) PC9 cells was highly sensitive to Gefitinib, while PC9/BB4 and A549 cell showed significant resistance to Gefitinib treatment; (2) STE029+Gefitinib treatment could significantly decrease the 50% inhibitory concentrarion (IC₅₀) of Gefitinib in PC9, PC9/BB4 and A549 cells (P<0.05, respectively); (3) In PC9 and PC9/BB4 cells, STE029+Gefitinib can block cell cycle and inhibit cell proliferation (P<0.001), while there was no significant difference in apoptosis rate among three drug intervention groups (P>0.05); However, apoptosis rate was increased in STE029+Gefitinib group in A549 cell (P<0.01), while no significance detected in cell proliferation (P>0.05). (4) In PC9 and PC9/BB4 cells, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib could downregulate p-EGFR, p-Akt, p-Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D1 (P<0.001), and upregulate the expression of GSK-3β (P<0.001), and the expression of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-8 cleaved caspase-9, caspase-9 showed no difference among groups (P>0.05). In A549 cells, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib could downregulate p-Akt (P<0.001) and upregulate cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-9 (P<0.001); (5)In vivo, the combination of STE029 and Gefitinib effectively inhibited tumor development and progression compared to STE029 alone or Gefitinib alone, with significant difference (P<0.05) in PC9 and PC9/BB4 xenografted tumor. CONCLUSIONS STE029 could sensitize Gefitinib by inhibiting EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway, blocking the tumor cell cycle and proliferation and inducing apoptosis through caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent pathway. STE029 deserves further investigations in overcoming EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer.
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. Revisiting the therapeutic potential of tocotrienol. Biofactors 2022; 48:813-856. [PMID: 35719120 PMCID: PMC9544065 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the tocotrienol group stems from its nutraceutical properties as a dietary supplement. It is largely considered to be safe when consumed at low doses for attenuating pathophysiology as shown by animal models, in vitro assays, and ongoing human trials. Medical researchers and the allied sciences have experimented with tocotrienols for many decades, but its therapeutic potential was limited to adjuvant or concurrent treatment regimens. Recent studies have focused on targeted drug delivery by enhancing the bioavailability through carriers, self-sustained emulsions, nanoparticles, and ethosomes. Epigenetic modulation and computer remodeling are other means that will help increase chemosensitivity. This review will focus on the systemic intracellular anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that are stimulated and/or regulated by tocotrienols while highlighting its potent therapeutic properties in a diverse group of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael Mathai
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and MedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Minichsdorfer C, Fuereder T, Leutner M, Singer CF, Kacerovsky-Strobl S, Egle D, Greil R, Balic M, Fitzal F, Pfeiler G, Frantal S, Bartsch R, Gnant M. Effect of concomitant statin treatment in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant denosumab or placebo: a post hoc analysis of ABCSG-18. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100426. [PMID: 35334418 PMCID: PMC9058905 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs prescribed for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, statins may possess anticancer properties and interact with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand expression. We aimed at evaluating a hypothetical synergistic effect of statins with denosumab in early-stage breast cancer (BC) patients from the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG) trial 18. Patients and methods ABCSG-18 (NCT00556374) is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, phase III study; postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive BC receiving a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor were randomly assigned to denosumab or placebo. In this post hoc analysis, we investigated the effects of concomitant statin therapy on recurrence risk (RR) of BC, fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD). Results In the study population (n = 3420), statin therapy (n = 824) was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.75; P = 0.023]. While no significant effect of lipophilic statins (n = 710) on RR was observed (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.99-1.72; P = 0.062), patients on hydrophilic statins (n = 87) had worse DFS compared with patients not receiving any statins (HR 2.00, 95% CI 1.09-3.66; P = 0.026). This finding was mainly driven by the effect of hydrophilic statins on DFS in the denosumab arm (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.21-5.68; P = 0.014). However, this effect subsided after correction for confounders in the sensitivity analysis. No association between statin use and fracture risk or osteoporosis was observed. Conclusion According to this analysis, hydrophilic statins showed a detrimental effect on DFS in the main model, which was attenuated after correction for confounders. Our data need to be interpreted with caution due to their retrospective nature and the low number of patients receiving hydrophilic statins. Statin co-medication was initially associated with a worse DFS in hormone receptor-positive early-stage BC patients. This effect was mainly driven by patients on hydrophilic statins. However, this effect subsided after correction for confounders in the sensitivity analysis. No association between statin use and fracture risk or osteoporosis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Minichsdorfer
- Departments of Medicine 1, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Fuereder
- Departments of Medicine 1, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Leutner
- Departments of Medicine 3, Clinical Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C F Singer
- Departments of Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - D Egle
- Department of Gynaecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Greil
- Department of Medicine 3, Paracelsus University Salzburg, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-CCCIT, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Balic
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - F Fitzal
- General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Pfeiler
- Departments of Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Frantal
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Bartsch
- Departments of Medicine 1, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Gnant
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nowakowska MK, Lei X, Thompson MT, Shaitelman SF, Wehner MR, Woodward WA, Giordano SH, Nead KT. Association of statin use with clinical outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer 2021; 127:4142-4150. [PMID: 34342892 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the association of statin therapy and breast cancer outcomes with mixed results. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of incident statin use among individuals with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare and Texas Cancer Registry-Medicare databases were used, and women aged ≥66 years who had stage I, II, and III breast cancer were identified. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of new statin use in the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). RESULTS When examining incident statin use, defined as the initiation of statin therapy in the 12 months after breast cancer diagnosis, a significant association was observed between statin use and improved BCSS (standardized hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.88; P = .022) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99; P = .046) among patients with TNBC (n = 1534). No association was observed with BCSS (standardized hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71-1.39; P = .97) or OS (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.92-1.17; P = .55) among those without TNBC (n = 15,979). The results were consistent when examining statin exposure as a time-varying variable. CONCLUSIONS Among women with I, II, and III TNBC, initiation of statin therapy in the 12 months after breast cancer diagnosis was associated with an OS and BCSS benefit. Statins may have a role in select patients with breast cancer, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiudong Lei
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mikayla T Thompson
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Simona F Shaitelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mackenzie R Wehner
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon H Giordano
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin T Nead
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Yang H, Xu F, Chen Y, Tian Z. Putative N-glycoprotein markers of MCF-7/ADR cancer stem cells from N-glycoproteomics characterization of the whole cell lysate. Talanta 2021; 232:122437. [PMID: 34074422 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most malignant diseases among females. N-glycoproteomics studies have shown that N-glycosylation alteration of tumor cells is the key player of cancer progression, multidrug resistance (MDR) and high mortality. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the remarkable potential of self-renewing and differentiation which leads to drug resistance and metastasis. To investigate the differentially expressed N-glycosylation in adriamycin-resistant breast cancer stem cells MCF-7/ADR CSCs (relative to MCF-7 CSCs) and find the putative biomarkers, 1:1 paired ZIC-HILIC-enriched and stable isotopic diethyl labelled (SIDE) intact N-glycopeptides from MCF-7/ADR CSCs and MCF-7 CSCs were analyzed with C18-RPLC-ESI-MS/MS (HCD with stepped NCE); differentially expressed intact N-glycopeptides (DEGPs) were identified and quantified via search engine GPSeeker. With control of spectrum-level FDR≤1%, 5515 intact N-glycopeptides were identified (1737 N-glycosites, 1705 peptide backbones and 1516 intact N-glycoproteins; 181 putative N-glycan linkages and 68 monosaccharide compositions). Among 5515 intact N-glycopeptide IDs, 3864 were identified with glycoform score≥1, i.e., one or more structure-diagnostic fragment ions were observed to distinguish sequence isomers. With the three technical replicates and the criteria of fold change≥1.5 and p value<0.05, 380 DEGPs (corresponding to 153 intact N-glycoproteins) were found along with 293 down-regulated and 87 up-regulated. For these 153 intact N-glycoproteins, the molecular functions and biological processes of were comprehensively discussed, and side-to-side comparison of differential expression results with other method were also made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Yang
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science & Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Simvastatin enhances the efficacy of nilotinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia by post-translational modification and drug transporter modulation. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:526-536. [PMID: 33587350 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remains a significant clinical problem. Targeting alternative pathways, such as protein prenylation, is known to be effective in overcoming resistance. Simvastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (a key enzyme in isoprenoid-regulation), thereby inhibiting prenylation. We demonstrate that simvastatin alone effectively inhibits proliferation in a panel of TKI-resistant CML cell lines, regardless of mechanism of resistance. We further show that the combination of nilotinib and simvastatin synergistically kills CML cells via an increase in apoptosis and decrease in prosurvival proteins and cellular proliferation. Mechanistically, simvastatin inhibits protein prenylation as shown by increased levels of unprenylated Ras and rescue experiments with mevalonate resulted in abrogation of synergism. The combination also leads to an increase in the intracellular uptake and retention of radio-labelled nilotinib, which further enhances the inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase activity. In primary CML samples, this combination inhibits clonogenicity in both imatinib-naive and resistant cells. Such combinatorial effects provide the basis for utilising these Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs as a potential clinical approach in overcoming resistance and improving CML treatment.
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10
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Garg M, Shanmugam MK, Bhardwaj V, Goel A, Gupta R, Sharma A, Baligar P, Kumar AP, Goh BC, Wang L, Sethi G. The pleiotropic role of transcription factor STAT3 in oncogenesis and its targeting through natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1291-1336. [PMID: 33289118 DOI: 10.1002/med.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the crucial transcription factors, responsible for regulating cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, migration, programmed cell death, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and immune activation. In this review, we have discussed the classical regulation of STAT3 via diverse growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors, as well as toll-like receptors. We have also highlighted the potential role of noncoding RNAs in regulating STAT3 signaling. However, the deregulation of STAT3 signaling has been found to be associated with the initiation and progression of both solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, hyperactivation of STAT3 signaling can maintain the cancer stem cell phenotype by modulating the tumor microenvironment, cellular metabolism, and immune responses to favor drug resistance and metastasis. Finally, we have also discussed several plausible ways to target oncogenic STAT3 signaling using various small molecules derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vipul Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arundhiti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Yang CS, Luo P, Zeng Z, Wang H, Malafa M, Suh N. Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:365-389. [PMID: 32017273 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol (α-T) is the major form of vitamin E (VE) in animals and has the highest activity in carrying out the essential antioxidant functions of VE. Because of the involvement of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis, the cancer prevention activity of α-T has been studied extensively. Lower VE intake or nutritional status has been shown to be associated with increased cancer risk, and supplementation of α-T to populations with VE insufficiency has shown beneficial effects in lowering the cancer risk in some intervention studies. However, several large intervention studies with α-T conducted in North America have not demonstrated a cancer prevention effect. More recent studies have centered on the γ- and δ-forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3). In comparison with α-T, these forms have much lower systemic bioavailability but have shown stronger cancer-preventive activities in many studies in animal models and cell lines. γ-T3 and δ-T3 generally have even higher activities than γ-T and δ-T. In this article, we review recent results from human and laboratory studies on the cancer-preventive activities of different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols, at nutritional and pharmacological levels. We aim to elucidate the possible mechanisms of the preventive actions and discuss the possible application of the available information for human cancer prevention by different VE forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Philip Luo
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zishuo Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mokenge Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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12
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Fontana F, Raimondi M, Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Limonta P. Tocotrienols and Cancer: From the State of the Art to Promising Novel Patents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:5-18. [PMID: 30652648 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190116111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocotrienols (TTs) are vitamin E derivatives naturally occurring in several plants and vegetable oils. Like Tocopherols (TPs), they comprise four isoforms, α, β, γ and δ, but unlike TPs, they present an unsaturated isoprenoid chain. Recent studies indicate that TTs provide important health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cholesterol lowering and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, they have been found to possess unique anti-cancer properties. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the state of the art of TTs role in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to describe recent patents proposing new methods for TTs isolation, chemical modification and use in cancer prevention and/or therapy. METHODS Recent literature and patents focusing on TTs anti-cancer applications have been identified and reviewed, with special regard to their scientific impact and novelty. RESULTS TTs have demonstrated significant anti-cancer activity in multiple tumor types, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, they have shown synergistic effects when given in combination with standard anti-cancer agents or other anti-tumor natural compounds. Finally, new purification processes and transgenic sources have been designed in order to improve TTs production, and novel TTs formulations and synthetic derivatives have been developed to enhance their solubility and bioavailability. CONCLUSION The promising anti-cancer effects shown by TTs in several preclinical studies may open new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in different tumors. Thus, clinical trials aimed at confirming TTs chemopreventive and tumor-suppressing activity, particularly in combination with standard therapies, are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Excellence, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Vitamin E and cancer: an update on the emerging role of γ and δ tocotrienols. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:845-857. [PMID: 31016386 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the latter still remains a fatal disease due to the lack of prevention, early diagnosis, and effective drugs. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are not only expensive but produce a number of side effects that are detrimental to the patients' quality of life. Therefore, there is a great need to discover anti-cancer therapies that are specific to cancer cells and affordable, safe, and well tolerated by the patients. Vitamin E is a potential candidate due to its safety. Accumulating evidence on the anti-cancer potency of vitamin E has shifted the focus from tocopherols (TOCs) to tocotrienols (TTs). γ-TT and δ-TT have the highest anti-cancer activities and target common molecular pathways involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle, the induction of apoptosis and autophagy, and the inhibition of invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Future directions should focus on further investigating how γ-TT and δ-TT (solely or in combination) induce anti-cancer molecular pathways when used in the presence of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. These studies should be carried out in vitro, and promising results and combinations should then be assessed in in vivo experiments and finally in clinical trials. Finally, future research should focus on further evaluating the roles of γ-TT and δ-TT in the chemoprevention of cancer.
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14
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Mo H, Jeter R, Bachmann A, Yount ST, Shen CL, Yeganehjoo H. The Potential of Isoprenoids in Adjuvant Cancer Therapy to Reduce Adverse Effects of Statins. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1515. [PMID: 30662405 PMCID: PMC6328495 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway provides sterols for membrane structure and nonsterol intermediates for the post-translational modification and membrane anchorage of growth-related proteins, including the Ras, Rac, and Rho GTPase family. Mevalonate-derived products are also essential for the Hedgehog pathway, steroid hormone signaling, and the nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif, all of which playing roles in tumorigenesis and cancer stem cell function. The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway, p53 with gain-of-function mutation, and oncoprotein MYC upregulate the mevalonate pathway, whereas adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and tumor suppressor protein RB are the downregulators. The rate-limiting enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), is under a multivalent regulation. Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 mediates the sterol-controlled transcriptional downregulation of HMGCR. UbiA prenyltransferase domain-containing protein-1 regulates the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of HMGCR, which is accelerated by 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol and the diterpene geranylgeraniol. Statins, competitive inhibitors of HMGCR, deplete cells of mevalonate-derived intermediates and consequently inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Clinical application of statins is marred by dose-limiting toxicities and mixed outcomes on cancer risk, survival and mortality, partially resulting from the statin-mediated compensatory upregulation of HMGCR and indiscriminate inhibition of HMGCR in normal and tumor cells. Tumor HMGCR is resistant to the sterol-mediated transcriptional control; consequently, HMGCR is upregulated in cancers derived from adrenal gland, blood and lymph, brain, breast, colon, connective tissue, embryo, esophagus, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, prostate, skin, and stomach. Nevertheless, tumor HMGCR remains sensitive to isoprenoid-mediated degradation. Isoprenoids including monoterpenes (carvacrol, L-carvone, geraniol, perillyl alcohol), sesquiterpenes (cacalol, farnesol, β-ionone), diterpene (geranylgeranyl acetone), “mixed” isoprenoids (tocotrienols), and their derivatives suppress the growth of tumor cells with little impact on non-malignant cells. In cancer cells derived from breast, colon, liver, mesothelium, prostate, pancreas, and skin, statins and isoprenoids, including tocotrienols, geraniol, limonene, β-ionone and perillyl alcohol, synergistically suppress cell proliferation and associated signaling pathways. A blend of dietary lovastatin and δ-tocotrienol, each at no-effect doses, suppress the growth of implanted murine B16 melanomas in C57BL6 mice. Isoprenoids have potential as adjuvant agents to reduce the toxicities of statins in cancer prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbiao Mo
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rayna Jeter
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Andrea Bachmann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sophie T Yount
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hoda Yeganehjoo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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15
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Jiang Q. Natural forms of vitamin E and metabolites-regulation of cancer cell death and underlying mechanisms. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:495-506. [PMID: 30548200 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The disappointing results from large clinical studies of α-tocopherol (αT), the major form of vitamin E in tissues, for prevention of chronic diseases including cancer have cast doubt on not only αT but also other forms of vitamin E regarding their role in preventing carcinogenesis. However, basic research has shown that specific forms of vitamin E such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT), γ-tocotrienol (γTE) and δ-tocotrienol (δTE) can inhibit the growth and induce death of many types of cancer cells, and are capable of suppressing cancer development in preclinical cancer models. For these activities, these vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT. Further, recent research revealed novel anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of vitamin E metabolites including 13'-carboxychromanols. This review focuses on anti-proliferation and induction of death in cancer cells by vitamin E forms and metabolites, and discuss mechanisms underlying these anticancer activities. The existing in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that γT, δT, tocotrienols and 13'-carboxychromanols have anti-cancer activities via modulating key signaling or mediators that regulate cell death and tumor progression, such as eicosanoids, NF-κB, STAT3, PI3K, and sphingolipid metabolism. These results provide useful scientific rationales and mechanistic understanding for further translation of basic discoveries to the clinic with respect to potential use of these vitamin E forms and metabolites for cancer prevention and therapy. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):495-506, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
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16
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Montagnani Marelli M, Marzagalli M, Fontana F, Raimondi M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Anticancer properties of tocotrienols: A review of cellular mechanisms and molecular targets. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1147-1164. [PMID: 30066964 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is composed of two groups of compounds: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (TPs), and the corresponding unsaturated tocotrienols (TTs). TTs are found in natural sources such as red palm oil, annatto seeds, and rice bran. In the last decades, TTs (specifically, γ-TT and δ-TT) have gained interest due to their health benefits in chronic diseases, based on their antioxidant, neuroprotective, cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies pointed out that TTs also exert a significant antitumor activity in a wide range of cancer cells. Specifically, TTs were shown to exert antiproliferative/proapoptotic effects and to reduce the metastatic or angiogenic properties of different cancer cells; moreover, these compounds were reported to specifically target the subpopulation of cancer stem cells, known to be deeply involved in the development of resistance to standard therapies. Interestingly, recent studies pointed out that TTs exert a synergistic antitumor effect on cancer cells when given in combination with either standard antitumor agents (i.e., chemotherapeutics, statins, "targeted" therapies) or natural compounds with anticancer activity (i.e., sesamin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, ferulic acid). Based on these observations, different TT synthetic derivatives and formulations were recently developed and demonstrated to improve TT water solubility and to reduce TT metabolism in cancer cells, thus increasing their biological activity. These promising results, together with the safety of TT administration in healthy subjects, suggest that these compounds might represent a new chemopreventive or anticancer treatment (i.e., in combination with standard therapies) strategy. Clinical trials aimed at confirming this antitumor activity of TTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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17
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Cheng CC, Shi LH, Wang XJ, Wang SX, Wan XQ, Liu SR, Wang YF, Lu Z, Wang LH, Ding Y. Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc signal circuit for regulating stemness-mediated doxorubicin resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells and inhibitory effects of WP1066. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:339-348. [PMID: 29750424 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), however resistance limits its effectiveness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with Dox resistance in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) may functionally shift non-CSCs towards CSCs. However, whether Stat3 drives the formation of CSCs during the development of resistance in TNBC, and whether a Stat3 inhibitor reverses CSC-mediated Dox resistance, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, human MDA-MB-468 and murine 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell lines with the typical characteristics of TNBCs, were compared with estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 cells as a model system. The MTT assay was used to detect cytotoxicity of Dox. In addition, the expression levels of CSC-specific markers and transcriptional factors were measured by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. The mammosphere formation assay was used to detect stem cell activity. Under long-term continuous treatment with Dox at a low concentration, TNBC cultures not only exhibited a drug-resistant phenotype, but also showed CSC properties. These Dox-resistant TNBC cells showed activation of Stat3 and high expression levels of pluripotency transcription factors octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct-4) and c-Myc, which was different from the high expression of superoxide dismutase 2 (Sox2) in Dox-resistant MCF-7 cells. WP1066 inhibited the phosphorylation of Stat3, and decreased the expression of Oct-4 and c-Myc, leading to a reduction in the CD44-positive cell population, and restoring the sensitivity of the cells to Dox. Taken together, a novel signal circuit of Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc was identified for regulating stemness-mediated Dox resistance in TNBC. The Stat3 inhibitor WP1066 was able to overcome the resistance to Dox through decreasing the enrichment of CSCs, highlighting the therapeutic potential of WP1066 as a novel sensitizer of Dox-resistant TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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18
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Tocotrienols: The promising analogues of vitamin E for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:259-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Castellanos-Esparza YC, Wu S, Huang L, Buquet C, Shen R, Sanchez-Gonzalez B, García Latorre EA, Boyer O, Varin R, Jiménez-Zamudio LA, Janin A, Vannier JP, Li H, Lu H. Synergistic promoting effects of pentoxifylline and simvastatin on the apoptosis of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1246-1254. [PMID: 29436616 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine family molecule and simvastatin (SIM), an anti-hypercholesterolemic agent, have recently been considered as sensitizers to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The present in vitro study evaluated their antitumor synergistic effects on MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells characterized by the triple‑negative phenotype (TNP). The anti-proliferative effects of these two agents were evaluated by MTT and clonogenic assays. Cell cycle progression was examined using propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis was investigated by Annexin V labeling, and by examining caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Autophagic vesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were monitored by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate molecular targets. Our results revealed that when used alone, PTX and SIM exerted antitumor effects. Nevertheless, used in combination, the inhibition of cell proliferation was synergistically superior (80% vs 42%) than that observed following treatment with each agent alone after 48 h. PTX alone (0.5 mM) induced both apoptosis (25%) and autophagy (25%); however, when used in combination with SIM (0.5 µM), the balance between these processes was disrupted and the cells underwent apoptosis (>65%) as opposed to autophagy (<13%). This imbalance was associated with an increase in ERK1/2 and AKT activation, but not with an increase in mTOR phosphorylation, and with the suppression of the NF-κB pathway. In addition, in the cells treated with both agents, almost 78% of the cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase and lost their colony-forming ability (38±5%) compared to the cells treated with PTX alone (115±5%). On the whole, these results suggest that the induction of autophagy may be a protective mechanism preventing MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cell death. The combined use of PTX and SIM may drive dormant autophagic cancer cells to undergo apoptosis and thus this may be a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer characterized by the TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Cristina Castellanos-Esparza
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Shuang Wu
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Limin Huang
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Buquet
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Rong Shen
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Berenice Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Immunochemistry Laboratory I, Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Ethel Awilda García Latorre
- Immunochemistry Laboratory I, Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Olivier Boyer
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Remi Varin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Luis Antonio Jiménez-Zamudio
- Immunochemistry Laboratory I, Immunology Department, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Anne Janin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Vannier
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Hong Li
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Unit 1234/Rouen University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - He Lu
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Medical Research Unit S-1165/Paris Diderot University, University Institute of Hematology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
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Marzagalli M, Moretti RM, Messi E, Marelli MM, Fontana F, Anastasia A, Bani MR, Beretta G, Limonta P. Targeting melanoma stem cells with the Vitamin E derivative δ-tocotrienol. Sci Rep 2018; 8:587. [PMID: 29330434 PMCID: PMC5766483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma is very poor, due to the development of drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may play a crucial role in this mechanism, contributing to disease relapse. We first characterized CSCs in melanoma cell lines. We observed that A375 (but not BLM) cells are able to form melanospheres and show CSCs traits: expression of the pluripotency markers SOX2 and KLF4, higher invasiveness and tumor formation capability in vivo with respect to parental adherent cells. We also showed that a subpopulation of autofluorescent cells expressing the ABCG2 stem cell marker is present in the A375 spheroid culture. Based on these data, we investigated whether δ-TT might target melanoma CSCs. We demonstrated that melanoma cells escaping the antitumor activity of δ-TT are completely devoid of the ability to form melanospheres. In contrast, cells that escaped vemurafenib treatment show a higher ability to form melanospheres than control cells. δ-TT also induced disaggregation of A375 melanospheres and reduced the spheroidogenic ability of sphere-derived cells, reducing the expression of the ABCG2 marker. These data demonstrate that δ-TT exerts its antitumor activity by targeting the CSC subpopulation of A375 melanoma cells and might represent a novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Roberta Manuela Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Marina Montagnani Marelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Anastasia
- Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastasis, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Bani
- Laboratory of Biology and Treatment of Metastasis, IRCCS-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, 20156, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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Abstract
Initial research on vitamin E and cancer has focused on α-tocopherol (αT), but recent clinical studies on cancer-preventive effects of αT supplementation have shown disappointing results, which has led to doubts about the role of vitamin E, including different vitamin E forms, in cancer prevention. However, accumulating mechanistic and preclinical animal studies show that other forms of vitamin E, such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT), γ-tocotrienol (γTE), and δ-tocotrienol (δTE), have far superior cancer-preventive activities than does αT. These vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT in inhibiting multiple cancer-promoting pathways, including cyclo-oxygenase (COX)- and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-catalyzed eicosanoids, and transcription factors such as nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3). These vitamin E forms, but not αT, cause pro-death or antiproliferation effects in cancer cells via modulating various signaling pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism. Unlike αT, these vitamin E forms are quickly metabolized to various carboxychromanols including 13'-carboxychromanols, which have even stronger anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects than some vitamin precursors. Consistent with mechanistic findings, γT, δT, γTE, and δTE, but not αT, have been shown to be effective for preventing the progression of various types of cancer in preclinical animal models. This review focuses on cancer-preventive effects and mechanisms of γT, δT, γTE, and δTE in cells and preclinical models and discusses current progress in clinical trials. The existing evidence strongly indicates that these lesser-known vitamin E forms are effective agents for cancer prevention or as adjuvants for improving prevention, therapy, and control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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23
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Li J, Liu J, Liang Z, He F, Yang L, Li P, Jiang Y, Wang B, Zhou C, Wang Y, Ren Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Luo Z, Vaziri C, Liu P. Simvastatin and Atorvastatin inhibit DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 and effectively suppress RB-deficient tumors growth. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2673. [PMID: 28300827 PMCID: PMC5386551 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss or dysfunction of tumor suppressor retinoblastoma (RB) is a common feature in various tumors, and contributes to cancer cell stemness and drug resistance to cancer therapy. However, the strategy to suppress or eliminate Rb-deficient tumor cells remains unclear. In the present study, we accidentally found that reduction of DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 induced more apoptosis in RB-deficient tumor cells than in control tumor cells. Moreover, after a drug screening and further studies, we demonstrated that statin drug Simvastatin and Atorvastatin were able to inhibit MCM7 and RB expressions. Further study showed that Simvastatin and Atorvastatin induced more chromosome breaks and gaps of Rb-deficient tumor cells than control tumor cells. In vivo results showed that Simvastatin and Atorvastatin significantly suppressed Rb-deficient tumor growth than control in xenograft mouse models. The present work demonstrates that ‘old' lipid-lowering drugs statins are novel weapons against RB-deficient tumors due to their effects on suppressing MCM7 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheyong Liang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang He
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaochun Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo 14263, NY 14263, USA
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston 02118, MA, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Simvastatin suppresses the DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 and inhibits the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41776. [PMID: 28150753 PMCID: PMC5288718 DOI: 10.1038/srep41776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired tamoxifen resistance (TamR) remains a major challenge in breast cancer endocrine therapy. The mechanism of acquiring tamoxifen resistance remains elusive, and no effective drugs are available. In this investigation, we determined that the expression of the DNA damage marker γH2AX is upregulated under minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) knockdown in phospho Ser807/811-retinoblastoma protein (p-Rb) defect cells. In addition, the expression of p-Rb was lower in TamR cells than in parental cells, and the expression of γH2AX was significantly upregulated when MCM7 was knocked down in TamR cells. Simvastatin, an agent for hypercholesterolemia treatment, activated the MCM7/p-RB/γH2AX axis and induced DNA damage in TamR cells, especially when combined with tamoxifen. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that simvastatin combined with tamoxifen increased TamR cell apoptosis and inhibited xenograft growth. In conclusion, simvastatin may suppress TamR cell growth by inhibiting MCM7 and Rb and subsequently inducing DNA damage.
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Sagara A, Igarashi K, Otsuka M, Karasawa T, Gotoh N, Narita M, Kuzumaki N, Narita M, Kato Y. Intrinsic Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil in a Brain Metastatic Variant of Human Breast Cancer Cell Line, MDA-MB-231BR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164250. [PMID: 27723829 PMCID: PMC5056764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although drug resistance is often observed in metastatic recurrence of breast cancer, little is known about the intrinsic drug resistance in such metastases. In the present study, we found, for the first time, that MDA-MB-231BR, a brain metastatic variant of a human breast cancer cell line, was refractory to treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) even without chronic drug exposure, compared to its parent cell line, MDA-MB-231, and a bone metastatic variant, MDA-MB-231SCP2. Both the mRNA and protein levels of COX-2 and BCL2A1 in MDA-MB-231BR were significantly higher than those in MDA-MB-231 or MDA-MB-231SCP2. Neither the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib nor the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 could sensitize MDA-MB-231BR to 5-FU, indicating that COX-2 plays little, if any, role in the resistance of MDA-MB-231BR to 5-FU. Although BCL2-family inhibitor ABT-263 failed to sensitize MDA-MB-231BR to 5-FU at a dose at which ABT-263 is considered to bind to BCL2, BCL2-xL, and BCL2-w, but not to BCL2A1, ABT-263 did sensitize MDA-MB-231BR to 5-FU to a level comparable to that in MDA-MB-231 at a dose of 5 μM, at which ABT-263 may disrupt intracellular BCL2A1 protein interactions. More importantly, BCL2A1 siRNA sensitized MDA-MB-231BR to 5-FU, whereas the overexpression of BCL2A1 conferred 5-FU-resistance on MDA-MB-231. These results indicate that BCL2A1 is a key contributor to the intrinsic 5-FU-resistance in MDA-MB-231BR. It is interesting to note that the drug sensitivity of MDA-MB-231BR was distinct from that of MDA-MB-231SCP2 even though they have the same origin (MDA-MB-231). Further investigations pertinent to the present findings may provide valuable insight into the breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunobu Sagara
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Igarashi
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maky Otsuka
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Karasawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kuzumaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (MN)
| | - Yoshinori Kato
- Life Science Tokyo Advanced Research Center (L-StaR), Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YK); (MN)
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26
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Jensen RA, Anant S. Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:192-208. [PMID: 27609747 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3'-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Qiu Y, Pu T, Guo P, Wei B, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhong X, Zheng H, Chen L, Bu H, Ye F. ALDH(+)/CD44(+) cells in breast cancer are associated with worse prognosis and poor clinical outcome. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:145-50. [PMID: 26687806 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play essential roles in tumor metastasis and contribute to remarkably negative clinical outcomes. Recently, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 positivity (ALDH(+)/CD44(+)) was identified as a marker of BCSCs in vitro/in vivo studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ALDH(+)/CD44(+) cells in breast cancer and the association of these two markers with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells in a cohort of 144 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues. The tissues were stained for ALDH1A3 and CD44 by single and dual immunohistochemistry (dIHC). The associations among the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells, the clinicopathological features and the clinical outcomes of the patients were also analyzed. RESULTS ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells were present in 39 patients (27.1%). By the Mann-Whitney U test, the Pearson Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, it was demonstrated that the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) cells was closely correlated with larger tumor size (p=0.001), nodal metastasis status (p=0.043), more advanced clinical stage (p=0.021) and distant metastasis after initial surgery (p=0.001). In a univariate survival analysis, the presence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumor cells had a significant negative association with both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (pDFS<0.001; pOS<0.001). The negative clinical outcomes in ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumors were further confirmed by a multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models (pDFS<0.001, HR=3.155; pOS=0.001, HR=3.193). This was also true with respect to the clinical treatment regimens of chemotherapy (pDFS<0.001; pOS=0.001), radiotherapy (pDFS=0.004; pOS=0.004), and endocrine therapy (pDFS<0.001; pOS<0.001). CONCLUSION In summary, our results indicate that the prevalence of ALDH1A3(+)/CD44(+) tumor cells in breast cancer is significantly associated with worse prognostic factors and favors a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianjie Pu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhong
- Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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28
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Lin CY, Barry-Holson KQ, Allison KH. Breast cancer stem cells: are we ready to go from bench to bedside? Histopathology 2015; 68:119-37. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
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29
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Correnti JM, Cook D, Aksamitiene E, Swarup A, Ogunnaike B, Vadigepalli R, Hoek JB. Adiponectin fine-tuning of liver regeneration dynamics revealed through cellular network modelling. J Physiol 2015; 593:365-83. [PMID: 25630259 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.284109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following partial hepatectomy, the liver initiates a regenerative programme involving hepatocyte priming and replication driven by the coordinated actions of cytokine and growth factors. We investigated the mechanisms underlying adiponectin's (Adn) regulation of liver regeneration through modulation of these mediators. Adn(-/-) mice showed delayed onset of hepatocyte replication, but accelerated cell cycle progression relative to wild-type mice, suggesting Adn has multiple effects fine-tuning the kinetics of liver regeneration. We developed a computational model describing the molecular and physiological kinetics of liver regeneration in Adn(-/-) mice. We employed this computational model to evaluate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Our analysis predicted that Adn is required for an efficient early cytokine response to partial hepatectomy, but is inhibitory to later growth factor actions. Consistent with this prediction, Adn knockout reduced hepatocyte responses to interleukin-6 during the priming phase, but enhanced growth factor levels through peak hepatocyte replication. By contrast, supraphysiological concentrations of Adn resulting from rosiglitazone treatment suppressed regeneration by reducing growth factor levels during S phase, consistent with computational predictions. Together, these results revealed that Adn fine-tunes the progression of liver regeneration through dynamically modulating molecular mediator networks and cellular interactions within the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Correnti
- MitoCare Center for Mitochondrial Research, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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TORRES CRISTIANG, OLIVARES ARACELI, STOORE CAROLL. Simvastatin exhibits antiproliferative effects on spheres derived from canine mammary carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2235-44. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Xiong A, Yu W, Liu Y, Sanders BG, Kline K. Elimination of ALDH+ breast tumor initiating cells by docosahexanoic acid and/or gamma tocotrienol through SHP-1 inhibition of Stat3 signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:420-30. [PMID: 25648304 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Study investigated the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone and in combination with gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) to eliminate aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) cells and to inhibit mammosphere formation, biomarker and functional assay for tumor initiating cells (TICs), respectively, in human triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), and investigated possible mechanisms of action. DHA upregulated Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) protein levels and suppressed levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (pStat3) and its downstream mediators c-Myc, and cyclin D1. siRNA to SHP-1 enhanced the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling, as well as inhibited, in part, the ability of DHA to reduce the percentage of ALDH+ cells and Stat-3 signaling. γT3 alone and in combination with DHA reduced ALDH+ TNBCs, up-regulated SHP-1 protein levels, and suppressed Stat-3 signaling. Taken together, data demonstrate the anti-TIC potential of achievable concentrations of DHA alone as well as in combination with γT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Xiong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Yaobin Liu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Bob G Sanders
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Kimberly Kline
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Mammary cancer stem cells reinitiation assessment at the metastatic niche: the lung and bone. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1293:221-9. [PMID: 26040691 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2519-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mammary cancer stem cells (MCSC) have been operationally defined as cells that re-form secondary tumors upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice. Building on this observation, it has also been suggested that MCSCs are responsible for metastasis as well as evasion and resistance to therapeutic treatments. MCSC reinitiating potential is usually tested by implantation of limited amounts of cells orthotopically or subcutaneously, yet this poorly recapitulates the metastatic niche where truly metastatic reinitiation will occur. Herein, we describe the implantation of small amounts of MCSC selected populations in the bone (intra tibiae injection) and the lung (intra thoracic injection) to test for their metastatic reinitiation capabilities.
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Wang Q, Wu P, Ren W, Xin K, Yang Y, Xie C, Yang C, Liu Q, Yu L, Jiang X, Liu B, Li R, Wang L. Comparative studies of salinomycin-loaded nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation and single emulsion method. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:351. [PMID: 25147486 PMCID: PMC4134115 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To establish a satisfactory delivery system for the delivery of salinomycin (Sal), a novel, selective cancer stem cell inhibitor with prominent toxicity, gelatinase-responsive core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), were prepared by nanoprecipitation method (NR-NPs) and single emulsion method (SE-NPs). The gelatinase-responsive copolymer was prepared by carboxylation and double amination method. We studied the stability of NPs prepared by nanoprecipitation method with different proportions of F68 in aqueous phase to determine the best proportion used in our study. Then, the NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method with the best proportion of F68 and single emulsion method, and their physiochemical traits including morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading content, stability, and in vitro release profiles were studied. The SE-NPs showed significant differences in particle size, drug loading content, stability, and in vitro release profiles compared to NR-NPs. The SE-NPs presented higher drug entrapment efficiency and superior stability than the NR-NPs. The drug release rate of SE-NPs was more sustainable than that of the NR-NPs, and in vivo experiment indicated that NPs could prominently reduce the toxicity of Sal. Our study demonstrates that the SE-NPs could be a satisfactory method for the preparation of gelatinase-responsive NPs for intelligent delivery of Sal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Puyuan Wu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xin
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xie
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutain Li
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University and Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
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Carrasco E, Alvarez PJ, Prados J, Melguizo C, Rama AR, Aránega A, Rodríguez-Serrano F. Cancer stem cells and their implication in breast cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:678-87. [PMID: 24766664 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis on the origin of cancer has recently gained considerable support. CSCs are tumour cells with the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation that direct the origin and progression of the disease and may be responsible for relapse, metastasis and treatment failures. DESIGN This article reviews breast CSCs (BCSCs) phenotyping, clinical implications and clinical trials focused on BCSCs in breast cancer. Relevant studies were found through PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. RESULTS Cancer stem cells are identified and isolated using membrane and cell activity markers; in the case of BCSCs, these are CD44(+) /CD24(low/-) and show aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, alongside their capacity to grow and form mammospheres. The presence of stem cell properties is associated with a worse outcome. Hence, these cells have important clinical implications, and elucidation of the mechanisms underlying their activity will allow the development of novel effective therapies and diagnostic instruments, improving the prognosis of these patients. CONCLUSIONS Standard treatments are directed against the tumour mass and do not eliminate CSCs. There is therefore a need for specific anti-CSC therapies, and numerous authors are investigating new targets to this end, as reported in this review. It is also necessary for clinical trials to be undertaken to allow this new knowledge to be applied in the clinical setting. However, there have been few trials on anti-BCSCs therapies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carrasco
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, Armilla, Spain; PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Alqahtani S, Alayoubi A, Nazzal S, Sylvester PW, Kaddoumi A. Enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability of γ-tocotrienol using a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS). Lipids 2014; 49:819-29. [PMID: 24934591 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo performance of γ-tocotrienol (γ-T3) incorporated in a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) and to compare its enhanced performance to a commercially available product, namely Tocovid Suprabio™ (hereafter Tocovid), containing tocotrienols. The solubilization of γ-T3 was tested in a dynamic in vitro lipolysis model followed by in vitro cellular uptake study for the lipolysis products. In addition, in vitro uptake studies using Caco2 cells were conducted at different concentrations of γ-T3 prepared as SEDDS, Tocovid, or mixed micelles. γ-T3 incorporated in SEDDS or Tocovid was orally administered to rats at different doses and absolute oral bioavailability from both formulations were determined. The dynamic in vitro lipolysis experiment showed about two fold increase in the solubilization of γ-T3 prepared as SEDDS compared to Tocovid, which correlated with higher cellular uptake in the subsequent uptake studies. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo oral bioavailability studies have shown a twofold increase in the cellular uptake and oral bioavailability of γ-T3 incorporated in SEDDS compared to Tocovid as a result of improvement in its solubility and passive uptake as confirmed by in vitro studies. In conclusion, incorporation of γ-T3 in SEDDS formulation enhanced γ-T3 solubilization and passive permeability, thus its cellular uptake and oral bioavailability when compared to Tocovid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alqahtani
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Dr., Monroe, LA, 71201, USA
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Lacerda L, Reddy JP, Liu D, Larson R, Li L, Masuda H, Brewer T, Debeb BG, Xu W, Hortobágyi GN, Buchholz TA, Ueno NT, Woodward WA. Simvastatin radiosensitizes differentiated and stem-like breast cancer cell lines and is associated with improved local control in inflammatory breast cancer patients treated with postmastectomy radiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:849-56. [PMID: 24833589 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported rates of local failure after adjuvant radiation for women with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and triple-negative non-IBC are higher than those of women with receptor-expressing non-IBC. These high rates of locoregional recurrence are potentially influenced by the contribution of radioresistant cancer stem cells to these cancers. Statins have been shown to target stem cells and improve disease-free survival among IBC patients. We examined simvastatin radiosensitization of multiple subtypes of breast cancer cell lines in vitro in monolayer and mammosphere-based clonogenic assays and examined the therapeutic benefit of statin use on local control after postmastectomy radiation (PMRT) among IBC patients. We found that simvastatin radiosensitizes mammosphere-initiating cells (MICs) of IBC cell lines (MDA-IBC3, SUM149, SUM190) and of the metaplastic, non-IBC triple-negative receptor cell line (SUM159). However, simvastatin radioprotects MICs of non-IBC cell lines MCF-7 and SKBR3. In a retrospective clinical study of 519 IBC patients treated with PMRT, 53 patients used a statin. On univariate analysis, actuarial 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was higher among statin users, and on multivariate analysis, triple negative breast cancer, absence of lymphatic invasion, neoadjuvant pathological tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy, and statin use were independently associated with higher LRFS. In conclusion, patients with IBC and triple-negative non-IBC breast cancer have the highest rates of local failure, and there are no available known radiosensitizers. We report significant improvement in local control after PMRT among statin users with IBC and significant radiosensitization across triple-negative and IBC cell lines of multiple subtypes using simvastatin. These data suggest that simvastatin should be justified as a radiosensitizing agent by a prospective clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lacerda
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay P Reddy
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Larson
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Li
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hiroko Masuda
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Takae Brewer
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bisrat G Debeb
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobágyi
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A Buchholz
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic and the Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biostatistics, and Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhu H, Wang D, Liu Y, Su Z, Zhang L, Chen F, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Yu M, Zhang Z, Shao G. Role of the Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha induced autophagy in the conversion of non-stem pancreatic cancer cells into CD133+ pancreatic cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:119. [PMID: 24305593 PMCID: PMC4177138 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of various solid tumors, including pancreatic carcinoma, are driven by a population of cells with stem cell properties, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs). Like their normal counterparts, CSCs are also believed to rely on their own microenvironment termed niches to sustain the population. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a major actor in the cell survival response to hypoxia. Recently, several researchers proposed that non-stem cancer cells can convert to stem-like cells to maintain equilibrium. The present study focuses on whether non-stem pancreatic cancer cells can convert to stem-like cells and the role of HIF-1α and autophagy in modulating this conversation. The non-stem pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic cancer stem-like cells were separated by magnetic sorting column. Intermittent hypoxia enhanced stem-like properties of non-stem pancreatic cancer cells and stimulated the levels of HIF-1α, LC3-II and Beclin. Enhanced autophagy was associated with the elevated level of HIF-1α. The conversation of non-stem pancreatic cancer cells into pancreatic cancer stem-like cells was induced by HIF-1α and autophagy. This novel finding may indicate the specific role of HIF-1α and autophagy in promoting the dynamic equilibrium between CSCs and non-CSCs. Also, it emphasizes the importance of developing therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells as well as the microenvironmental influence on the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongqing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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Simvastatin sensitizes human gastric cancer xenograft in nude mice to capecitabine by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B-regulated gene products. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zhou J, Li P, Xue X, He S, Kuang Y, Zhao H, Chen S, Zhi Q, Guo X. Salinomycin induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells by accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Tuerdi G, Ichinomiya S, Sato H, Siddig S, Suwa E, Iwata H, Yano T, Ueno K. Synergistic effect of combined treatment with gamma-tocotrienol and statin on human malignant mesothelioma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:116-27. [PMID: 23879968 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study is the first to demonstrate the synergetic effect of statins (atorvastatin and simvastatin) and gamma-tocotrienol (γ-T3) on human malignant mesothelioma (MM). Statin + γ-T3 combinations induced greater cell growth inhibition more than each single treatment via inhibition of mevalonate pathway, a well-known target of both γ-T3 and statins. γ-T3 was necessary for endoplasmic reticulum stress markers CHOP and GRP78, whereas an intrinsic apoptotic marker, caspase 3 activation was induced only in the presence of statins. Overall, the combination of γ-T3 and statins could be useful for MM therapy and functions in a complementary style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guligena Tuerdi
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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